Informal training, with minimal guidance
Apprenticeship typical and frequent but informal training more prevalent

Children are expected to do things more or less by example
7
8
Children frequently shown example; consi- dered very important in socializing child
10
Example given as most important method of education, or adults are constantly showing children how to do things.

Children are expected to do things more or less by example
7
8
Children frequently shown example; consi- dered very important in socializing child
10
Example given as most important method of education, or adults are constantly showing children how to do things.

Children are expected to do things more or less by example
7
8
Children frequently shown example; consi- dered very important in socializing child
10
Example given as most important method of education, or adults are constantly showing children how to do things.

Children are expected to do things more or less by example
7
8
Children frequently shown example; consi- dered very important in socializing child
10
Example given as most important method of education, or adults are constantly showing children how to do things.

Often, but not constant lectures / myths (6 of 11)
Constant and one of the most important methods used in socializing child (11 of 11)

Harsh socialization by parents or other authority figures with severe punishment (0 of 10)
Generally harsh treatment, not extreme (2 of 10)
Generally moderate or balanced degree of both harshness and permissiveness (5 of 10)
Generally indulgent, not extreme (8 of 10)

Generally low expression of affection and attention
Moderate or sporadic expression of affection and attention

Only slight, sporadic expression of valuation of children
Moderate or occasionally strong expression of value of children
Strong, but no extreme valuation of children

Almost complete exclusion from adult working, ceremonial, social activities
1
Children are usually excluded from membership in adult activities
3
4
Inconsistent but substantial participation by children in adult activities
6
Children closely integrated in adult family activities with substantial participation in adult community life