Barter for food and/or chattels occurs among kin and nonkin, especially between craft specialists and their clients
Barter or trade as reciprocal gift-giving between friends, but with bargaining between strangers
Barter or trade, but no mention of standardized values or higgle-haggle
Barter or trade, replete with higgle-haggle over value does not occur.
Barter or trade, replete with higgle-haggle over value for food and/or chattels occurs, but only between people who are not close kin
Both 4 and 5

Both 3 and 4 obtain, neither clearly predominating
Gift exchange for food and/or chattels occurs predominantly between kin and affines (exchange may be deferred)
Gift exchange for food and/or chattels occurs predominantly between people of similar rank
Gift exchange regardless of kinship or rank
No gift exchange occurs, or if it occurs it is negligible

Barter or trade as reciprocal gift-giving between friends, but with bargaining between strangers
Barter or trade, but no mention of standardized values or higgle-haggle
Barter or trade occurs, but values are standardized and higgle-haggle does not occur
Barter or trade, replete with higgle-haggle over value, does not occur
Barter or trade, replete with higgle-haggle over value, does occur
Both 4 and 5

2, 3, and 4, none clearly predominating
Both 2 and 3, neither clearly predominating
Both 2 and 4, neither clearly predominating
Intercommunity barter or trade is conducted between trade partners (trade partners may use kinship terms)
Intercommunity barter or trade is conducted by headmen, chiefs, or other permanent leaders
Intercommunity barter or trade is conducted by producers with anyone who wishes to trade
Intercommunity barter or trade is conducted by specially designated traders
No agents or barter or trade

Both 3 and 4 obtain, neither clearly predominating
Gift exchange between ceremonial or political leaders of localized communities, such as patrilineages, patrisibs, patridemes, parallel matriunits, and multiple kin-group communities
Gift exchange between individuals in different communities regardless of kinship or rank
Gift exchange occurs predominantly between kin and affines (exchange may be deferred)
Gift exchange occurs predominantly between people of similar rank (exchange may be deferred)
No gift exchange occurs, or if it occurs it is negligible