Gathering
Hunting
Fishing
Animal Husbandry
Agriculture
Mode of Marriage (Primary)
Mode of Marriage (Alternate)
Domestic Organization
Marital Composition: Monogamy and Polygamy
Marital Residence with Kin: First Years
Transfer of Residence at Marriage: After First Years
Marital Residence with Kin: After First Years
Marital Residence with Kin: Alternate Form
Transfer of Residence at Marriage: Alternate Form
Community Marriage Organization
Community Marriage Organization
Largest Patrilineal Kin Group
Largest Patrilineal Exogamous Group (If Different from Variable 17)
Largest Matrilineal Kin Group
Largest Matrilineal Exogamous Group (If Different from Variable 17)
Largest Cognatic Kin Group
Secondary Cognatic Kin Group: Kindreds and Ramages
Cousin Marriages (Allowed)
Subtypes of Cousin Marriages
Preferred rather than just Permitted Cousin Marriages
Subtypes of Cousin Marriages (Preferred rather than just Permitted)
Kin Terms for Cousins
Intensity of Agriculture
Major Crop Type
Settlement Patterns
Mean Size of Local Communities
Jurisdictional Hierarchy of Local Community
Jurisdictional Hierarchy Beyond Local Community
High Gods
Games
Presence of Games of Physical Skill
Presence of Games of Chance
Presence of Games of Strategy
Post-partum Sex Taboos
Male Genital Mutilations
Segregation of Adolescent Boys
Animals and Plow Cultivation
Predominant Type of Animal Husbandry
Milking of Domestic Animals
Subsistence Economy (Not in the original EA)
Descent: Major Type (From Variables 17, 19, 21, Not in the Original EA)
Sex Differences: Metal Working
Sex Differences: Weaving
Sex Differences: Leather Working
Sex Differences: Pottery Making
Sex Differences: Boat Building
Sex Differences: House Construction
Sex Differences: Gathering
Sex Differences: Hunting
Sex Differences: Fishing
Sex Differences: Animal Husbandry
Sex Differences: Agriculture
Age or Occupational Specialization: Metal Working
Age or Occupational Specialization: Weaving
Age or Occupational Specialization: Leather Working
Age or Occupational Specialization: Pottery Making
Age or Occupational Specialization: Boat Building
Age or Occupational Specialization: House Construction
Age or Occupational Specialization: Gathering
Age or Occupational Specialization: Hunting
Age or Occupational Specialization: Fishing
Age or Occupational Specialization: Animal Husbandry
Age or Occupational Specialization: Agriculture
Class Stratification
Class Stratification, Secondary Features
Class Stratification (Endogamy)
Class Stratification (Endogamy), Secondary Type
Type of Slavery
Former Presence of Slavery
Succession to the Office of Local Headman
Succession to the Office of Local Headman: Type of Hereditary Succession
Inheritance Rule for Real Property (Land)
Inheritance Distribution for Real Property (Land)
Inheritance Rule for Movable Property
Inheritance Distribution for Movable Property
Norms of Premarital Sexual Behavior of Girls
Prevailing Type of Dwelling: Ground Plan
Prevailing Type of Dwelling: Floor Level
Prevailing Type of Dwelling: Wall Material
Prevailing Type of Dwelling: Shape of Roof
Prevailing Type of Dwelling: Roofing Materials
Secondary or Alternative House Type: Ground Plan
Secondary or Alternative House Type: Floor Level
Secondary or Alternative House Type: Wall Material
Secondary or Alternative House Type: Shape of Roof
Secondary or Alternative House Type: Roofing Materials
Political Integration (WES Column 15)
Political Succession for the Local Community (WES Column 15)
Climate: Primary Environment (Coded by Frank Moore from Phillips Comparative Atlas)
Climate: Secondary Environments (Coded by Frank Moore from Phillips Comparative Atlas)
Linguistic Affiliation: Language Continent
Latitude
Longitude
Trance States
BIOCLIM: Mean altitude within 20 km radius (m)
Intercommunity Trade as Food Source
Food Import Acquisition
Agriculture- Contribution to Local Food Supply
Crops- Principal
Animal Husbandry- Contribution to Food Supply
Animals- Domesticated
Fishing- Contribution to Food Supply
Fish
Hunting- Contribution to Food Supply
Animals Hunted
Gathering- Contribution to Food Supply
Gathered Foods
Land Transport (Especially regarding Food Transport)
Routes of Land Transport
Water Transport
Water Craft
Money (Media of Exchange) and Credit
Credit Source
Preservation and Storage of Food
Food Storage
Food Surplus via Storage
Food Supply (Ecological or Distribution Network)
Sleeping Proximity of Parents to Infant
Bodily Restrictiveness - Early Infancy
Bodily Restrictiveness - Later Infancy
Bodily Contact - Early Infancy
Bodily Contact - Late Infancy
Infant Carrying Devices
Infant Carrying Position
Infant Eye Contact with Carrier
Infant Crying- Response
Infant Crying- Amount
Childhood Pain Infliction
Post - Partum Sex Taboo
Ceremonialism Surrounding Child, beyond Nuclear Family
Magical Protectiveness Applied to Parents and Child
Physical Protectiveness against Childhood Illness
Introduction of New Foods (Other than Milk) in Childhood
Weaning- Age and Severity
Motor Skills- Encouragement in Childhood
Autonomy- Encouragement in Childhood
Elimination- Encouragement of Control in Childhood
Covering Genitals- Age
Weaning- Age of Onset
Weaning- Age of Termination
Weaning- Childhood Developmental Order of Onset
Motor Skills- Childhood Developmental Order
Autonomy- Childhood Developmental Order
Elimination Control- Childhood Developmental Order
Covering Genitals- Childhood Developmental Order
Non-maternal Relationships, Infancy
Non-maternal Relationships, Early Childhood
Role of Father, Infancy
Role of Father, Early Childhood
Principal Relationships, Infancy Caretakers and Companions
Principal Relationships, Early Childhood Caretakers and Companions
General Indulgence, Infancy (Taking 51 and 52 into Account)
General Indulgence, Infancy- Modifiers of General Scale Types
General Indulgence, Early Childhood (Taking 51 and 52 into Account)
General Indulgence, Early Childhood- Modifiers of General Scale Types
Fixity of Settlement
Compactness of Settlement
Community Size
Population Density (from Murdock and Wilson Data)
Types of Dwelling
Large or Impressive Structures
Household Form
Form of Family (See 79, 80)
Marital Residence
Descent - Membership in Corporate Kinship Groups
Descent Groups, Location of Core Gender Group
Intercommunity Marriage
Community Integration
Prominent Community Ceremonials
Ceremonial Elements
Community Leadership
Local Political Succession, Primary
Local Political Succession, Secondary
Polygamy
Family Size
Political Autonomy
Trend in Autonomy
Levels of Sovereignty
Higher Political Organization
Executive
Selection of Executive
Deliberative and Consultative Bodies
Advisory Bodies
Judiciary
Police
Administrative Hierarchy
Selection of Subordinate Officials
Political Power- Most Important Source
Political Power- Second Most Important Source
Political Power- Third Most Important Source
Political Power- Fourth Most Important Source
Political Power- Fifth Most Important Source
Political Power- Sixth Most Important Source
Food Collection: Vegetal (sexual division of labor)
Food Collection: Insects, and/or Small Land Fauna (sexual division of labor)
Food Collection: Shellfish/Small Aquatic Fauna (sexual division of labor)
Food Collection: Honey (sexual division of labor)
Food Collection: Fowling (sexual division of labor)
Food Collection: Fishing (sexual division of labor)
Food Collection: Trapping (sexual division of labor)
Food Collection: Large Land Fauna (sexual division of labor)
Food Collection: Large Aquatic Fauna (sexual division of labor)
Food Production: Land Clearance (sexual division of labor)
Food Production: Soil Preparation (sexual division of labor)
Food Production: Planting (sexual division of labor)
Food Production: Crop Tending (sexual division of labor)
Food Production: Harvesting (sexual division of labor)
Food Production: Small Domestic Animals (sexual division of labor)
Food Production: Large Domestic Animals (sexual division of labor)
Food Production: Milking (sexual division of labor)
Food Preparation: Vegetal: Food Preparation (sexual division of labor)
Food Preparation: Butchering (sexual division of labor)
Food Preparation: Preservation (sexual division of labor)
Food Preparation: Drinks (sexual division of labor)
Food Preparation: Dairy (sexual division of labor)
Food Preparation: Cooking (sexual division of labor)
Extractive Industries: Mining/Quarrying (sexual division of labor)
Extractive Industries: Fuel Gathering (sexual division of labor)
Extractive Industries: Lumbering (sexual division of labor)
Extractive Industries: Water Fetching (sexual division of labor)
Intermediate Processing: Skins (sexual division of labor)
Intermediate Processing: Spinning (sexual division of labor)
Intermediate Processing: Loom Weaving (sexual division of labor)
Intermediate Processing: Smelting (sexual division of labor)
Manufacturing: Matmaking (sexual division of labor)
Manufacturing: Netmaking (sexual division of labor)
Manufacturing: Basketmaking (sexual division of labor)
Manufacturing: Rope or Cordage (sexual division of labor)
Manufacturing: Leather (sexual division of labor)
Manufacturing: Clothing (sexual division of labor)
Manufacturing: Pottery (sexual division of labor)
Manufacturing: Wood (sexual division of labor)
Manufacturing: Bone (sexual division of labor)
Manufacturing: Stone (sexual division of labor)
Manufacturing: Metal (sexual division of labor)
Manufacturing: Musical Instruments (sexual division of labor)
Miscellaneous: Fire (sexual division of labor)
Miscellaneous: Laundering (sexual division of labor)
Miscellaneous: Bodily Mutilation (sexual division of labor)
Miscellaneous: Bonesetting/Surgery (sexual division of labor)
Miscellaneous: Burden Carrying (sexual division of labor)
Miscellaneous: Boatbuilding (sexual division of labor)
Miscellaneous: Housebuilding (sexual division of labor)
Scale 1- Writing and Records
Scale 2- Fixity of Residence
Scale 3- Agriculture
Scale 4- Urbanization
Scale 5- Technological Specialization
Scale 6- Land Transport
Scale 7- Money
Scale 8- Density of Population
Scale 9- Political Integration
Scale 10- Social Stratification
Sum of Complexity measures
Talk about Sex
Sex Frequency in Marriage
Sex Believed Dangerous
Foreplay
Age for Clothing- Male
Age for Clothing- Female
Premarital Sex Attitudes- Female
Frequency of Premarital Sex- Male
Frequency of Premarital Sex- Female
Initiator of Premarital Sex
Extramarital Sex
Frequency of Extramarital Sex- Male
Frequency of Extramarital Sex- Female
Wifesharing
Rape
Frequency of Rape
Male Sexual Aggressiveness
Homosexuality
Frequency of Homosexuality
Impotence
Latitude of Weather Station
Latitude Hemisphere (for Weather Stations)
Longitude of Weather Station
Longitude Hemisphere (for Weather Stations)
Altitude in Meters
Mean Annual Temperature (Xc)
Hottest Month Mean Temperature (Xc)
Coldest Month Mean Temperature (Xc)
Mean Annual Precipitation (mm)
Mean Daily Min Coldest Month (Xc)
Mean Daily Max Hottest Month (Xc)
Highest Precipitation in Wettest Month (mm)
Lowest Precipitation in Dryest Month (mm)
Wettest Month
Dryest Month
Number of Dry Months
Hottest Month
Coldest Month
Number of Frost Months
Dependence on Gathering (Atlas 1)
Dependence on Hunting (Atlas 3)
Dependence on Fishing (Atlas 3)
Dependence on Animal Husbandry (Atlas 4)
Dependence on Agriculture (Atlas 5)
Mode of Marriage (Atlas 6)
Mode of Marriage (Alternate) (Atlas 7)
Domestic Organization (Atlas 8)
Composition of Domestic Group (Atlas 9 Combined)
Marital Composition within Extended Families (Atlas 9 Combined)
Marital Residence with Kin: First Years (Atlas 10 Combined)
Transfer of Residence at Marriage: First Years (Atlas 10 Combined)
Marital Residence with Kin: after First Years (Atlas 12) (Atlas 11) -> (Atlas 12)
Transfer of Residence at Marriage: after First Years (Atlas 11) (Atlas 12) -> (Atlas 11)
Marital Residence with Kin: Alternate Form
Transfer of Residence at Marriage: Alternate Form (Atlas 13)
Community Marriage Organization (Atlas 15)
Community Marriage Organization (Alternate) (Atlas 16)
Largest Patrilineal Kin Group (Atlas 17)
Largest Patrilineal Exogamous Group (If Different)
Largest Matrilineal Kin Group
Largest Matrilineal Exogamous Group (If Different)
Cognatic Kin Groups
Secondary Cognatic Kin Group: Where Both Kindreds and Ramages
Number of Cousin Marriages (Allowed)
Number of Cousin Marriages (Preferred)
Subtypes of Cousin Marriages (Allowed)
Subtypes of Cousin Marriages (Preferred)
Kin Terms for Cousins
Intensity of Cultivation
Major Crop Type
Settlement Patterns
Mean Size of Local Communities
Jurisdictional Hierarchy of Local Community
Jurisdictional Hierarchy beyond Local Community
High Gods
Games
Presence of Games of Physical Skill
Presence of Games of Chance
Presence of Games of Strategy
Post-partum Sex Taboos
Male Genital Mutilations
Segregation of Adolescent Boys
Animals and Plow Cultivation
Predominant Type of Animal Husbandry
Milking of Domestic Animals
Subsistence Economy
Descent: Major Type (from Variables 121-126)
Sex Differences in Metal Working
Sex Differences in Weaving
Sex Differences in Leather Working
Sex Differences in Pottery Making
Sex Differences in Boat Building
Sex Differences in House Construction
Age or Occupational Specialization in Metal Working
Age or Occupational Specialization in Weaving
Age or Occupational Specialization in Leather Working
Age or Occupational Specialization in Pottery Making
Age or Occupational Specialization in Boat Building
Age or Occupational Specialization in House Construction
Sex Differences in Gathering
Sex Differences in Hunting
Sex Differences in Fishing
Sex Differences in Animal Husbandry
Sex Differences in Agriculture
Age or Occupational Specialization in Gathering
Age or Occupational Specialization in Hunting
Age or Occupational Specialization in Fishing
Age or Occupational Specialization in Animal Husbandry
Class Stratification
Class Stratification, Secondary Feature
Caste Stratification (Endogamy)
Caste Stratification, Secondary Type
Type of Slavery
Former Presence of Slavery
Succession to the Office of Local Headman
Succession to Office of Local Headman, Breakdown of Hereditary Succession
Inheritance of Real Property (Land) : Rule or Practice for Inheritance
Inheritance of Movable Property: Rule or Practice for Inheritance
Inheritance of Real Property: Distribution of Inheritance among Individuals of Same Category
Inheritance of Movable Property: Distribution of Inheritance among Individuals of Same Category
Norms of Premarital Sex Behavior of Girls
Prevailing Type of Dwelling: Ground Plan
Prevailing Type of Dwelling: Floor Level
Prevailing Type of Dwelling: Wall Material
Prevailing Type of Dwelling: Shape of Roof
Prevailing Type of Dwelling: Roofing Materials
Secondary or Alternative House Type: Ground Plan
Secondary or Alternative House Type: Floor Level
Secondary or Alternative House Type: Wall Material
Secondary or Alternative House Type: Shape of Roof
Secondary or Alternative House Type: Roofing Materials
Duration of Early Childhood
Fortitude: Early Boy
Fortitude: Early Girl
Fortitude: Late Boy
Fortitude: Late Girl
Aggression: Early Boy
Aggression: Early Girl
Aggression: Late Boy
Aggression: Late Girl
Competitiveness: Early Boy
Competitiveness: Early Girl
Competitiveness: Late Boy
Competitiveness: Late Girl
Self-reliance: Early Boy
Self-reliance: Early Girl
Self-reliance: Late Boy
Self-reliance: Late Girl
Achievement: Early Boy
Achievement: Early Girl
Achievement: Late Boy
Achievement: Late Girl
Industry: Early Boy
Industry: Early Girl
Industry: Late Boy
Industry: Late Girl
Responsibility: Early Boy
Responsibility: Early Girl
Responsibility: Late Boy
Responsibility: Late Girl
Obedience: Early Boy
Obedience: Early Girl
Obedience: Late Boy
Obedience: Late Girl
Self-restraint: Early Boy
Self-restraint: Early Girl
Self-restraint: Late Boy
Self-restraint: Late Girl
Sexual Restraint: Early Boy
Sexual Restraint: Early Girl
Sexual Restraint: Late Boy
Sexual Restraint: Late Girl
Generosity
Trust
Honesty
Importance of Non-family Companions: Early Boy
Importance of Non-family Companions: Early Girl
Importance of Non-family Companions: Late Boy
Importance of Non-family Companions: Late Girl
Sex of Companions: Early Boy
Sex of Companions: Early Girl
Sex of Companions: Late Boy
Sex of Companions: Late Girl
Importance of Non-parent in Residence: Early Boy
Importance of Non-parent in Residence: Early Girl
Importance of Non-parent in Residence: Late Boy
Importance of Non-parent in Residence: Late Girl
Principal Category of Non-parental Agent: Early Boy
Principal Category of Non-parental Agent: Early Girl
Principal Category of Non-parental Agent: Late Boy
Principal Category of Non-parental Agent: Late Girl
Sex of Parents in Residence: Early Boy
Sex of Parents in Residence: Early Girl
Sex of Parents in Residence: Late Boy
Sex of Parents in Residence: Late Girl
Sex of Non-parents in Residence: Early Boy
Sex of Non-parents in Residence: Early Girl
Sex of Non-parents in Residence: Late Boy
Sex of Non-parents in Residence: Late Girl
Non-parental Involvement in Child Caring: Early Boy
Non-parental Involvement in Child Caring: Early Girl
Non-parental Involvement in Child Caring: Late Boy
Non-parental Involvement in Child Caring: Late Girl
Principal Category of Non-parental Caretaker: Early Boy
Principal Category of Non-parental Caretaker: Early Girl
Principal Category of Non-parental Caretaker: Late Boy
Principal Category of Non-parental Caretaker: Late Girl
Sex of Parental Caretakers: Early Boy
Sex of Parental Caretakers: Early Girl
Sex of Parental Caretakers: Late Boy
Sex of Parental Caretakers: Late Girl
Sex of Principal Non-parental Caretakers: Early Boy
Sex of Principal Non-parental Caretakers: Early Girl
Sex of Principal Non-parental Caretakers: Late Boy
Sex of Principal Non-parental Caretakers: Late Girl
Non-parental Involvement in Authority: Early Boy
Non-parental Involvement in Authority: Early Girl
Non-parental Involvement in Authority: Late Boy
Non-parental Involvement in Authority: Late Girl
Principal Non-parental Authority Figures: Early Boy
Principal Non-parental Authority Figures: Early Girl
Principal Non-parental Authority Figures: Late Boy
Principal Non-parental Authority Figures: Late Girl
Sex of Parental Authority Figures: Early Boy
Sex of Parental Authority Figures: Early Girl
Sex of Parental Authority Figures: Late Boy
Sex of Parental Authority Figures: Late Girl
Sex of Principal Non-parental Authority Figures: Early Boy
Sex of Principal Non-parental Authority Figures: Early Girl
Sex of Principal Non-parental Authority Figures: Late Boy
Sex of Principal Non-parental Authority Figures: Late Girl
Non-parental Involvement in Discipline: Early Boy
Non-parental Involvement in Discipline: Early Girl
Non-parental Involvement in Discipline: Late Boy
Non-parental Involvement in Discipline: Late Girl
Principal Non-parental Disciplinarians: Early Boy
Principal Non-parental Disciplinarians: Early Girl
Principal Non-parental Disciplinarians: Late Boy
Principal Non-parental Disciplinarians: Late Girl
Sex of Parental Disciplinarians: Early Boy
Sex of Parental Disciplinarians: Early Girl
Sex of Parental Disciplinarians: Late Boy
Sex of Parental Disciplinarians: Late Girl
Sex of Principal Non-parental Disciplinarians: Early Boys
Sex of Principal Non-parental Disciplinarians: Early Girls
Sex of Principal Non-parental Disciplinarians: Late Boys
Sex of Principal Non-parental Disciplinarians: Late Girls
Non-parental Involvement in Education: Early Boys
Non-parental Involvement in Education: Early Girls
Non-parental Involvement in Education: Late Boys
Non-parental Involvement in Education: Late Girls
Principal Category of Non-parental Educators: Early Boys
Principal Category of Non-parental Educators: Early Girls
Principal Category of Non-parental Educators: Late Boys
Principal Category of Non-parental Educators: Late Girls
Sex of Parental Educators: Early Boys
Sex of Parental Educators: Early Girls
Sex of Parental Educators: Late Boys
Sex of Parental Educators: Late Girls
Sex of Principal Non-parental Educators: Early Boys
Sex of Principal Non-parental Educators: Early Girls
Sex of Principal Non-parental Educators: Late Boys
Sex of Principal Non-parental Educators: Late Girls
Guidance or Formal Schooling: Early Boys
Guidance or Formal Schooling: Early Girls
Guidance or Formal Schooling: Late Boys
Guidance or Formal Schooling: Late Girls
Use of Example: Early Boys
Use of Example: Early Girls
Use of Example: Late Boys
Use of Example: Late Girls
Control by Public Opinion: Early Boys
Control by Public Opinion: Early Girls
Control by Public Opinion: Late Boys
Control by Public Opinion: Late Girls
Lecturing: Early Boys
Lecturing: Early Girls
Lecturing: Late Boys
Lecturing: Late Girls
Teasing: Early Boys
Teasing: Early Girls
Teasing: Late Boys
Teasing: Late Girls
Scolding: Early Boys
Scolding: Early Girls
Scolding: Late Boys
Scolding: Late Girls
Warning: Early Boys
Warning: Early Girls
Warning: Late Boys
Warning: Late Girls
Corporal Punishment: Early Boys
Corporal Punishment: Early Girls
Corporal Punishment: Late Boys
Corporal Punishment: Late Girls
Ceremonies for Children: Early Boys
Ceremonies for Children: Early Girls
Ceremonies for Children: Late Boys
Ceremonies for Children: Late Girls
Gifts for Approved Behaviors: Early Boys
Gifts for Approved Behaviors: Early Girls
Gifts for Approved Behaviors: Late Boys
Gifts for Approved Behaviors: Late Girls
Permissiveness: Early Boys
Permissiveness: Early Girls
Permissiveness: Late Boys
Permissiveness: Late Girls
Affection: Early Boys
Affection: Early Girls
Affection: Late Boys
Affection: Late Girls
Evaluation by Society: Early Boys
Evaluation by Society: Early Girls
Evaluation by Society: Late Boys
Evaluation by Society: Late Girls
Incorporation into Society: Early Boys
Incorporation into Society: Early Girls
Incorporation into Society: Late Boys
Incorporation into Society: Late Girls
Warmth and Affection of Caretakers - Mother: Aver
Warmth and Affection of Caretakers - Father: Aver
Warmth and Affection of Caretakers - Others: Aver
Warmth and Affection of Caretakers - Overall: Aver
Hostility and Aggression of Caretakers - Mother: Aver
Hostility and Aggression of Caretakers - Father: Aver
Hostility and Aggression of Caretakers - Overall: Aver
Indifference of Caretakers - Mother: Aver
Indifference of Caretakers - Father: Aver
Indifference of Caretakers - Overall: Aver
Control by Caretakers - Mother: Girl
Control by Caretakers - Mother: Aver
Control by Caretakers - Father: Boy
Control by Caretakers - Father: Aver
Control by Caretakers - Overall: Boy
Control by Caretakers - Overall: Girl
Control by Caretakers - Overall: Aver
Initiation Occurrence: Boys
Initiation Occurrence: Girls
Initiation Time: Boys
Initiation Time: Girls
Number of Concurrent Initiates: Boys
Number of Concurrent Initiates: Girls
Duration of Initiation Ceremony: Boys
Duration of Initiation Ceremony: Girls
Number of Participants: Boys
Number of Participants: Girls
Sexes of Participants: Boys
Sexes of Participants: Girls
Primary Physical Components: Boys
Primary Physical Components: Girls
Secondary Physical Components: Boys
Secondary Physical Components: Girls
Primary Cognitive or Performance Components: Boys
Primary Cognitive or Performance Components: Girls
Secondary Cognitive or Performance Components: Boys
Secondary Cognitive or Performance Components: Girls
Primary Emic Interpretations: Boys
Primary Emic Interpretations: Girls
Secondary Emic Interpretations: Boys
Secondary Emic Interpretations: Girls
Tertiary Emic Interpretations: Boys
Tertiary Emic Interpretations: Girls
Primary Social Consequences: Boys
Primary Social Consequences: Girls
Secondary Social Consequences: Boys
Secondary Social Consequences: Girls
Principal Focus: Boys
Principal Focus: Girls
Menarcheal Ceremonies
Circumcision
Maternal Restrictions
Husband Involvement Scale (Couvade)
Menstrual Segregation
Male Segregation Practices
Combined Segregation Practices
Compensation Demands
Fraternal Interest Group Size
Fraternal Interest Group Strength
Resource Base
Residence Pattern
Ritual Warfare
Achieved Leadership through Wealth Distribution
Unstable Political Power Index
Sex of Gods and Spirits and Other Super-natural Beings
Mythical Founders of the Culture
Sex of Shamans
Sex of Reputed Witches
Participation in Collective Religious Ceremonies and Rituals
Funeral or Burial Ceremonies Held
Intermediate or Local Political Leaders
Leadership Posts in Kinship or Extended Family Units
Participation in Collective Fighting and Warfare
Proportional Contribution of Women to Overall Subsistence
Relative Time and Effort Expended on Subsistence Activities
Community-wide Exclusively Male Work Groups
Community-wide Exclusively Female Work Groups
Degree of Segregation in Subsistence Activities
Inheritance of Property of Some Economic Value
Ownership or Control of the Use of Dwellings
Control of Disposal and Use of Fruits of the Labor Done Solely by Men
Control of Disposal and Use of Fruits of the Labor Done by Men and Women
Control of Disposal and Use of Fruits of the Labor Done Solely by Women
Men's Domestic Work
(No) Double Standard in Regard to Premarital Sex
(No) Double Standard in Regard to Extramarital Sex
Extramarital Affairs of Married Women
Menstrual Taboos
The Role of Men and Women in Procreation Understood
Sexual Drives and Urges Understood
(No) Explicit View That Sexual Activity Is Dangerous or Contaminating
Role of the Older Generation in Arranging Marriages (1st Marriages Only)
Voice of the Potential Bride and Groom in Marriage Decisions
Marriage Payments
Preferred Marriage Forms
(No Male) Multiple Spouses
(No) Levirate
Relative Distances Moved by the Bride and Groom Away from Their Families of Orientation at First Marriage
Relative Ease of Initiating Divorce
Relative Ease of Remarriage
Average Relative Age at First Marriage of Men and of Women
Final Authority over the Care, Handling and Discipline of Infants
Final Authority over the Up-bringing and Discipline of Post-infant Unmarried Children Living in the Home
Wife to Husband Institutionalized Deference (Guttman Scale)
A Stated Preference for Children of One Sex
Any Evidence of Infanticide
Early Training for Adult Duties
Punishment for Equal Misbehavior
Physical Punishment of the Spouse Condoned
(No) Explicit View That Men Should and Do Dominate Their Wives
Attendance and Participation in General Community Gathering
Existence of General Female Initiation Ceremonies
Any Belief That the Status of Women Has Changed in Folklore or History
High Value Placed on Males Being Aggressive, Strong, and Sexually Potent
(No) Belief That Women Are Generally Inferior to Men
A Statement That Women Have More Informal Influence than Formal Norms of the Society Would Make It Appear
Property Control Scale
Kin Power Scale
Value of Life Scale
Value of Labor
Domestic Authority Scale
Ritualized Female Solidarity Scale
Control of Sex Scale
Ritualized Fear Scale
Joint Participation Scale
Patterns for Grandparents
Patterns for Grandchildren
Patterns for Uncles
Patterns for Aunts
Patterns for Nephews and Nieces (Male Speaking)
Patterns for Siblings
Patterns for Cross-cousins
Patterns for Siblings-in-law
Theories of Infection
Theories of Stress
Theories of Deterioration
Theories of Accident
Theories of Fate
Theories of Ominous Sensation
Theories of Contagion
Theories of Mystical Retribution
Theories of Soul Loss
Theories of Spirit Aggression
Theories of Sorcery
Theories of Witchcraft
Flexible Marriage Mores (Divorce for Both Men and Women: or Mild Punishment for Adultery)
Females Produce Goods for Nondomestic Distribution
Demand for Female Produce beyond Household
Female Economic Control of Products of Own Labor
Female Political Participation, at Least Informal Influence
Female Solidarity Groups, Formal or Informal
Female Power Guttman Scale Constructed from 657-662
Ideology of Male Toughness
Male Segregation
Moderate or Frequent Interpersonal Violence
Rape: Incidents Reports, or Thought of as Means of Punishment Women, or Part of Ceremony
At Least Some Wives Taken from Hostile Groups
Male Aggression Guttman Scale Constructed from 664-668
Composite of Male Dominance Constructed from 663 plus 669 (657-669)
Menstrual Taboos (H16)
Male Avoidance of Female Sexuality (A11)
Sex of Creative Agent, Ancestor, or Culture-hero
Origin of First Creator or Ancestor
Mode of First-mentioned Creation
Creation Stories
Migration
Food Stress or Hunger
Warfare or Fighting
Plow
Irrigation
Cereal Grains the Principal Crop
Roots or Tubers the Principal Crop
Tree Fruits and Starches the Principal Crops
Large Nonmilked Aboriginal Domestic Animals
Large Milked Aboriginal Domestic Animals
Small Aboriginal Domestic Animals - excluding Dogs, Cats, Fowl, Guinea Pigs
Large Domestic Animals, Only since European Contact
Small Domestic Animals, Only since European Contact
Large Animals Are Hunted and Important to the Diet
Small Animals Are Hunted and Important to the Diet
Intermediate Animals Are Hunted and Important to the Diet
Frequency of Intercommunity Armed Conflict
Male Initiation Ceremonies (Guttman Scale - See Frank Young, 1965)
Male Solidarity (Guttman Scale - See Young and Bacdayan 1965)
Matrilineal Descent
Matrilocal Residence
Preferred Family Form (Adapted from Murdock 1961)
Political Organization (Adapted from Murdock 1961, P. 207)
Crimes against Person Punished
(No) Government Full-time Bureaucrats
Community Is Part of a Kingdom
Community Part of a Kingdom in the past That No Longer Exists
Private Property
Settlement Type
Metalworking
Manufacture of Pottery
True Weaving
Social Stratification in the Larger Society
Social Stratification in the Local Community
Societal Complexity (Guttman Scale - Freeman and Winch 1957)
Institutionalized Envy
(Pre-classical) Religion
Sex Ratio
Systematic Absences of Married Males (Military Service, Labor Elsewhere, Extended Trade Expeditions, etc.)
Importance of Agriculture in Subsistence, including Gardening
Importance of Animal Husbandry in Subsistence
Importance of Fishing, Shellfishing and Marine Hunting
Importance of Hunting and Gathering in Subsistence
Importance of Handicrafts, Manufacturing
Importance of Trade in Subsistence
Contribution of the Sexes to Agriculture
Contribution of the Sexes to Animal Husbandry
Contribution of the Sexes to Fishing, Shellfishing, and Marine Hunting
Contribution of the Sexes to Hunting and Gathering
Relative Contribution of the Sexes to Handicrafts and Manufacture
Relative Contribution of the Sexes to Trade
Revised v713 Classical religions
Marriage Arrangements
Marriage Arrangements (Female)
Widow Remarriage: Choice of Partner
Time of Mourning before Remarriage of Widows
(Neg) Attitude towards Divorce
(Neg) Frequency of Divorce
Grounds for Divorce (Male)
Grounds for Divorce (Female)
Honeymoon Customs
Customs Surrounding Consummation of Marriage
Living Arrangements for Newlyweds
(Distant) Sleeping Proximity between Husbands and Wives
(Low) Privacy in Sleeping for Husbands and Wives (Only If Husband and Wife Sleep in Same Room)
(No) Husband-wife Eating Arrangements
(No) Husband-wife Leisure Time Activities
Wife-beating
(No) Husband Attends Birth
(Low) Political Role Differentiation: Full Time Specialists and Their Differentiation from Others in the Society
Political and Religious Differentiation
Local Community Leadership Selection: Basis
Perceptions of Political Leaders' Power as Seen by Society
Perceptions of Political Leaders' Benevolence as Seen by Society
Checks on Leaders' Power
(No) Removal of Leaders Who Are Incompetent or Disliked
(Low) Leaders' Exercise of Authority
(Few) Decision Making Bodies: How Most Decisions Are Made
(Low) Political Participation: Range of Community Decision Making
(Low) Political Participation: Extensivity of Adult Participation in Areas Where Collective Decision Making Present
(No) Conflict (Social or Political) in the Local Community
(No) Conflict between Communities of the Same Society
Conflict Management in Local Community: Dominant Mode
(No) Resort to Physical Force by Disputants in Settling Disputes, Exclusive of Police or Institutionalized Force,
(No) Mediation/Negotiation/Arbitration: Third Parties in Disputes, Unable to Impose a Binding Decision, but May Facilitate Settlement
(No) Litigation: Use of Third Parties Offering Binding Decisions, with or without Formal Court Systems
(No) Internal Warfare (between Communities of Same Society)
(No) External Warfare (with Other Societies)
(Low) Compliance of Individuals with Community Norms and Decisions
(Few) Formal Sanctions and Enforcement for Community Decisions
(No) Enforcement Specialists (e.g., Police, Tax Collectors)
(Low) Loyalty to the Local Community
(Low) Loyalty to the Wider Society (in Some Cases Indistinguishable from the Local Community)
(Low) Hostility toward Other Societies
(Un) Acceptability of Violence toward Members of the Local Community
(Un) Acceptability of Violence toward Members of the Same Society, but outside the Local Community
(Un) Acceptability of Violence toward People in Other Societies
(No) Taxation Paid to Community (e.g., in Agricultural Produce, Labor, Finished Goods)
(No) Local Political Fission of Dissatisfied Persons
Adult Mobility
(Low) Contact with Other Societies
Cross-cutting Ties: Extent to Which Individuals Living in Different Communities of the Same Society Linked Together in Politically Relevant Ways
Type of Cross-cutting Ties: Age Organizations (Grades, Sets) Cutting across Communities
Type of Cross-cutting Ties: Kinship Organizations Cutting across Communities
Type of Cross-cutting Ties: Moieties Cutting across Communities
Types of Cross-cutting Ties: Ritual Organizations (Religious, Cult Groups) Cutting across Communities
(Low) Female Participation in Public Political Arenas, Relative to Males
(Low) Female Participation in Private Political Arenas, Relative to Males
(Low) Gender Differences in Political or Quasi-political Positions of Authority
(No) Separate Female Organizations and Positions
Importance of Agriculture
Importance of Domes. Anim
Importance of Fishing
Importance of Hunting
Importance of Gathering
Importance of Trade
Principal Subsistence Category
Percent Female Contribution to Agriculture
Percent Female Contribution to Domestic Animals
Percent Female Contribution to Fishing
Percent Female Contribution to Hunting
Percent Female Contribution to Gathering
Average Female Contribution to Subsistence
Sexual Expression in Adolescent Boys
Sexual Expression in Adolescent Girls
Sexual Nonrestraint in Adolescent Boys
Sexual Nonrestraint in Adolescent Girls
Differentiation of Adolescence from Childhood for Boys
Differentiation of Adolescence from Childhood for Girls
Subsistence Economy: Dominant Mode
Subsistence Economy: Subsidiary Mode
Political Integration
Rule of Descent: Primary
Niche Temperature (Approximate) Adapted from William Goode, World Atlas
Niche Rainfall (Approximate) Adapted from William Goode, World Atlas
Niches Adapted from William Goode, World Atlas: No Key for Factor Levels
Climate Type - Ordered in Terms of Open Access to Rich Ecological Resources D. White and M. Burton L986
Subsistence Type - Ecological Classification D. White, 1984, after Karen and Jeffrey Paige (L981)
Resource Base - Reclassification of above, as per Paige and Paige
Cultural Basis of Polygyny
Standard Polygamy Code: Whyte, Murdock and Wilson, Murdock Atlas
Sororal Polygyny
Distance between Co-wives
Rooming Arrangement for Wives
Rooming Arrangement for Husband
Higher Rates of Polygyny for Men of Wealth, Rank, Nobility, or Higher Social Class
Multiple Wives for Skilled Hunters
Multiple Wives for Leaders, Headmen, Chiefs
Multiple Wives for Medicine Men or Shamans
Additional Wives or Concubines from Slavery or Capture in Warfare
Percentage of Married Men with More than One Wife
Percentage of Married Women Polygynously Married (Share Husband with One or More Co-wives)
Polygyny Data Source
Polygyny Distributions
Polygyny Guttman Scale I: Co-wife Autonomy Constructed from 854-852
Polygyny Guttman Scale II: Charismatic Constructed from 851-855
Shaman
Shaman/Healer
Healer
Medium
Sorcerer/Witch
Priest
Female Contribution to Subsistence: Ethnographic Atlas
Female Contribution to Subsistence: Martin Whyte
Female Contribution to Subsistence: Barry and Schlegel
Female Contribution to Subsistence: Maximal Difference of Three Scores
Female Contribution to Subsistence: Average of Three Scores
Female Contribution to Subsistence: Average of Three Scores (Ordinated)
Frequency of Internal War Otterbein (1970: 3, 84, 143) Definition of Internal War
Frequency of External War - Attacking [follows Otterbein 1970: 84, 143-144]
Frequency of External War - Being Attacked [follows Otterbein 1970: 84, 143-144]
Form of Military Mobilization [adapted from Otterbein 1970: 144]
Decision to Engage in War [follows Otterbein 1970: 28-29, 144]
Commencement of War [follows Otterbein 1970: 32, 144]
Conclusion of War [follows Otterbein 1970: 35, 144]
Peace Ceremony
Military Expectations I-pre-state [follows Naroll L966, with Modifications by Otterbein 1970]
Military Expectations II-state
Casualty Rate Poor Correlation with Ember 2005 Male Mortality in War [follows Otterbein 1970: 81, 146]
Leadership during Battle [modified from Otterbein 1970: 23-28, 144]
Prestige Associated with Being a Soldier or Warrior
Cowardice: Defined As
Rewards (Special Gifts, Praises, or Ceremonies, Not including Ritual Purification for a Man Who Has Killed an Enemy in Battle or Otherwise Shown Skill in War)
Did Members of the Society Expect Violence to Solve Their Problems?
Value of War: Violence/War against Non-members of the Group
Military Success : Is Political Community/Cultural Unit Winning or Losing in the Long Run
Subjugation of Territory or People
Collection of Tribute
Acquisition of Land : Fields, Hunting/Fishing Territories, Pastures
Plunder (including Captives for Slaves, Hostages, Adoption)
Trophies and Honors (including Captives for Sacrifice)
Revenge
Defense
Aggressive Defense (Pre-emptive Attack If Enemy Thought about to Attack)
Historical Frame for Pinpointing Date Where Slaveholding Present
Manumission of Slaves
Large Scale Slaveholding Systems: Recency
Large Scale Slaveholding Systems: Proportion of Slaves
Agricultural Potential 1: Sum of Land Slope, Soils, Climate Scales
Land Slope
Suitability of Soils for Agriculture
Climate Potential for Most Suitable Types of Crops
Agricultural Potential 2: Lowest of Land Slope, Soils, Climate Scales
Average Annual Rainfall
Female Physical Appearance during the Daily Routine (Not Temporary Occasions Such as Ceremonial Gatherings)
Male Physical Appearance during the Daily Routine (Not Temporary Occasions Such as Ceremonial Gatherings)
Sleeping Arrangements of Adolescent Females: Where Unmarried but Sexually Mature Females Sleep in Relation to Sexually Mature Males in the Living Quarters
Married Women: Where Spouses Sleep in the Living Quarters
Eating Arrangements: the Spatial Arrangement of the Sexes during the Main Meal of the Day
Individual Ordeal Involved at the Onset of the Menses. the Categories Are Arranged According to the Severity of the Ordeal
Social Celebration Involved at the Onset of the Menses
The Social Signficance of Change in a Woman's Position with the Onset of Menstruation. the Categories Are
Personal Restrictions or Regular Menstruation
Social Danger: Which Person (S) Would Be Most Harmed If the Woman Did Not Adhere to Her Menstrual Restrictions
Personal Restrictions on Pregnancy
Purpose of Pregnancy Restrictions:
Special Segregation at Birth: Location of the Woman When She Gives Birth: Where the Birth of the First Child Takes Place
Residence of the New Parents at the Birth of Their First Child
Purpose of Personal Birth Restrictions. Each Category Indicates Why the Taboos and Restrictions on a Woman's Personal Behavior Are Imposed after She Bears a Child
Duration of Personal Birth Restrictions. Each Category Specifies a Period of Time after Birth before the Woman Resumes Her Usual Domestic and Economic Activities
Type of Birth Celebration
When the Birth Celebration Occurs
Participants in the Birth Celebration. the Code Indicates the Most Extensive Group Which Participates in the Celebration of Birth
Preferred Sex and Number of Children
Explanation of Barrenness
Penalties for Barrenness
Contraception: Knowledge and Use of Means to Prevent the Conception of Children
Social Approval for Abortion: Approval of and Rationale for Action Taken to Prevent the Birth of a Child by Expelling the Fetus before It Is Viable
Rationale for Abortions
Social Approval for Infanticide
Rationale for Infanticide. Each Category Indicates a Reason for Which an Infant Might Be Killed
Restrictions on the Occasion of Intercourse. Each Category Specifies an Occasion When Intercourse Is Proscribed or Strongly Preferred Not to Take Place
Extensions of the Incest Taboo. Each Category Specifies an Extension of the Incest Taboo beyond the Nuclear Family
Violation of the Incest Taboo
Restrictions on Premarital Sex
Violation of Restrictions on Premarital Sex. Each Category Specifies the Consequences a Woman Faces If She Violates a Premarital Sex Prohibition
Restrictions and Extramarital Sex
Punishment for Extramarital Sex
Violation: Who Is Punished for Adultery
Violation: Who Punishes Adultery
Age of Woman at Establishment of Marriage: First Marriage
Age of Man at Establishment of Marriage: First Marriage
Choice of Spouse: Social Restrictions Which Limit an Individual's Choice of Whom He Can Marry
Marriage Proposal: besides the Groom, Whose Proposal Is Regarded as Most Necessary in Initiating Marriage
Consent to Marry: How Necessary Is the Consent of the Prospective Wife for Marriage Arrangements to Proceed
Consent to Marry: How Necessary Is the Consent of the Prospective Husband for Marriage Arrangements to Proceed
Degree of Marriage Celebration
Type of Participants in the Wedding
The Rights Transferred by Women at Marriage
The Rights Transferred by Men at Marriage
Finality: Factors That Are Important for the Firm Establishment of a Marriage
Grounds for Divorce: Wife's Reasons given for Dissolving a Marriage
Grounds for Divorce: Husband's Reasons given for Dissolving a Marriage
Restrictions on Divorce
Rights over Offspring after Divorce
Remarriage after Divorce
Property Exchanges after Divorce. Ranked in Order of the Amount of Financial Loss Incurred by the Wife When a Divorce Occurs
Remarriage of Widows
Length of Time before a Widow Remarries
Importance of Mothers for Girls
Importance of Mothers for Both Boys and Girls, without Regard to Gender
Importance of Fathers for Boys
Importance of Fathers for Both Boys and Girls, without Regard to Gender
Importance of Siblings (Usually Older Sisters) for Both Boys and Girls, without Regard to Gender
Importance of Grandparents (Usually Grandmothers) for Both Boys and Girls, without Regard to Gender
Importance of Others for Both Boys and Girls, without Regard to Gender
Identification of Others for Boys and Girls, without Regard to Gender
Enculturative Continuity for Boys
Enculturative Continuity for Girls
Enculturative Continuity for Both Boys and Girls without Regard for Gender
Classification of World System Position Markets Labor Agricult. Commodities & Trade Coercion Wage Productn Tax Import/Export
Trade and Markets
Cropping
Labor
Labor Recoding
Tool Categories Imported: (19 17 21 18 9)
Foods/Animals Categories Imported: (13 5 3 4 2)
Consumer Goods Categories Imported: (16 12 10)
Weapons Categories Imported: (20 8)
Hieratic Goods Categories Exported: (10, 1)
Stimulants Categories Exported: (13, 12)
Prized Raw Goods Categories Exported: (4, 6)
Local Wares Categories Exported: (11, 2, 14)
Consumable Categories Imported (4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 16)
Durable Categories Imported (8 17 18 19 20 21)
Consumable Categories Exported (4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 16)
Durable Categories Exported (8 17 18 19 20 21) [and Manufactured?]
Throughputs: Total Number of Categories Both Imported and Exported
Imported Good: Slaves
Imported Good: Small Animals
Imported Good: Large Animals
Imported Good: Meat/Dairy, Furs, Skins
Imported Good: Cereal Grains
Imported Good: Salt, Spices
Imported Good: Wood, Fuel, Construction Mat
Imported Good: Ores
Imported Good: Agricultural Inputs
Imported Good: Prestige Goods (Ivory, Gold, Etc)
Imported Good: Craft Goods
Imported Good: Alcohol
Imported Good: Stimulants (Tobacco, Tea, Coffee)
Imported Good: Pots, Beads, Cooking Utensils, Etc
Imported Good: Books, Magazines, Newspapers
Imported Good: Clothing, Cloth, Blankets
Imported Good: Radios, Lamps, Electricity
Imported Good: Metal Tools, Traps
Imported Good: Weapons, Ammunition
Imported Good: Tractors, Pumps, Machines
Exported Good: Slaves
Exported Good: Small Animals
Exported Good: Large Animals
Exported Good: Meat/Dairy, Furs, Skins
Exported Good: Cereal Grains
Exported Good: Salt, Spices
Exported Good: Wood, Fuel, Construction Mat
Exported Good: Ores
Exported Good: Prestige Goods (Ivory, Gold, Etc)
Exported Good: Craft Goods
Exported Good: Alcohol
Exported Good: Stimulants (Tobacco, Tea, Coffee)
Exported Good: Pots, Beads, Cooking Utensils, Etc
Exported Good: Clothing, Cloth, Blankets
Exported Good: Metal Tools, Traps
Change in 100 Years Prior to Observation
Extent of Change in Subsistence or Supportive System
Agricultural Intensification: Increase in Inputs without Increasing Land Area of Food Production
Non-agricultural Intensification
New Crops
New Animals
Change in Settlement Patterns
Expansion of Land Utilized in Subsistence or Supportive Practices
Major Loss of Subsistence Mode
Wage Labor Introduced
Wage Labor Increased
Introduction to Trade
Trade Increased
Political Entities Conquered, Colonized or Displaced in Last 100 Years (Earlier Conquests in Footnotes) [21]
Frequency of Successful Expansions into Another Society in past 100 Years
Estimate of Distance to Furthest Society Conquored: [24]
Society Was Conquered, Colonized or Displaced by Political Entities in Last 100 Years Prior to Observation (Note Earlier Conquests)
Frequency of Successful Expansions into This Society in past 100 Years
Catastrophic Shifts Causing Depopulation (Last 50 Years)
Number of Years Prior to Observation for Beginning of Problem (S) Causing Depopulation [36]
Number of Years Prior to Observation for Ending of Problem (S) [37] Causing Depopulation (i.e., before Population Stable or Increasing)
Percentage of Population Lost (100 Pct minus Popul in 37 as Pct of That in 36)
Percentage Recovery (Popul at Observation in 39a as Pct of That in 36)
Population at Date of Observation:
Societal Migration or Relocation in past 100 Years [40]
Other Societal Migration, Relocation or Settlement in past 500 Years
Time in New Location until Date of Observation [42]
Distance Migrated (Miles) [43]
Reason for Migration or Relocation [44]
Effects of Relocation on (a) Trade or Position in World System; (B) Gender Roles; (C) Social Structure, Land Tenure, etc. (Revise) [45]
Reservation or Reserve Status at Time of Observation [46]
Society Unintentionally Caught up in State Level Warfare [47]
Years before (or after) Observation When Warfare First Stopped [58]
Restrictions on Warfare in Effect at Time of Observation
Effects of Restriction above (Either) on Men and Women
Number or Type of Turbulent Changes
Warfare Mortality (E&e 1983: 118)
Internal Warfare (or Feuding) (E&e 1983: 178, 179, 185, 188, 304-306) (Ott: 143-49 Variable 4)
External War Only (Ott: 143-49 Variables 4, 5, 6) (E&e: 204, 205, 207, 209, 304-306)
Some External War (Ott: 143-49 Variables 5, 6) (E&e: 204, 205, 207, 209, 304-306)
Depopulation (E&e 1983: 228, 293)
Log10 of Total Population
Major Agricultural Staple
Second Agricultural Staple
Crop Type Plow-positive or -negative
Cropping Index (Rough Indicator of Fallowing) for Major Crops
Population Density (from Pryor Data)
Political Integration (Wes Col 15; EA Var 89)
Maximum Harem Size
Despotic Bias in Conflict Resolution
Jurisdictional Perquisites
Divorce Causes- Infidelity: Adultery
Divorce Causes- Infidelity: Lack of Virginity
Divorce Causes- Infidelity: Polygamy
Divorce Causes- Infidelity: Cruelty or Maltreatment
Divorce Causes- Infidelity: Disobedience or Disrespect
Divorce Causes- Infidelity: Repressiveness
Divorce Causes- Infidelity: Jealousy
Divorce Causes- Infidelity: Another Lover
Divorce Causes- Infertility: Sterility
Divorce Causes- Infertility: Sexual Neglect
Divorce Causes- Infertility: Refusal to Have Sex
Divorce Causes- Infertility: Death of Children
Divorce Causes- Infertility: Old Age
Divorce Causes- Infertility: Absence of Male Children
Divorce Causes- Infertility: Exchange Wife Has Too Few Children
Divorce Causes- Personality: Mutual Consent
Divorce Causes- Personality: Displeasingness
Divorce Causes- Personality: Quarrelsomeness or Talkativeness
Divorce Causes- Personality: Bad Temper
Divorce Causes- Personality: Other Personality Problems
Divorce Causes- Economic: Laziness
Divorce Causes- Economic: Inadequate Support
Divorce Causes- Economic: Inadequate Housing
Divorce Causes- Economic: Inadequate Food
Divorce Causes- Economic: Inadequate Clothing
Divorce Causes- Economic: Inadequate Food Preparation
Divorce Causes- Economic: Inadequately Serving Spouse
Divorce Causes- Economic: Other Economic Problems
Divorce Causes- In-law Conflicts: Conflicts with In-laws
Divorce Causes- In-law Conflicts: Inadequately Serving In-laws
Divorce Causes- In-law Conflicts: Bridewealth or Dowry Disputes
Divorce Causes- In-law Conflicts: Disrespect for In-laws
Divorce Causes- In-law Conflicts: Spouse Favors Kin
Divorce Causes- In-law Conflicts: Other In-law Problems
Divorce Causes- Ritual: Witchcraft or Sorcery
Divorce Causes- Ritual: Broken Taboo
Divorce Causes- Ritual: Bad Dream of Omen
Divorce Causes- Ritual: Other Ritual Problems
Divorce Causes- Absence or Desertion:
Divorce Causes- Health:
Divorce Causes- Politics: Theft
Divorce Causes- Politics: Confiction or Incarceration
Divorce Causes- Politics: Other Political Problems
Evil Eye Scaled Rating:
Evil Eye Belief
Sororate
Levirate
Structurally Opposed Kin Groups
Exogamous Nonlocalized Descent Groups
Indirect Exchange of Wives
Bridewealth
Avoidance: M-wm or F-dh Mother-in-law
Avoidance: M-wf or M-dh Wife's Father
Avoidance: M-wez or F-yzh Wife's Elder Sister
Avoidance: M-wyz or F-ezh Wife's Younger Sister
Avoidance: F-hf or M-sw Husband's Father
Avoidance: F-hm or M-sw Husband's Mother
Avoidance: F-heb or M-ybw Husband's Elder Brother
Avoidance: F-hyb or M-ebw Husband's Younger Brother
Avoidance: F-eb or M-yz Brother-elder Sister
Avoidance: M-ez or F-yb Brother-younger Sister
Avoidance: F-mezs or M-myzd Matrilateral Parallel Cousin
Avoidance: F-myzs or M-mezd Matrilateral Parallel Cousin
Avoidance: F-febs or M-fybd Patrilateral Parallel Cousin
Avoidance: F-fybs or M-febd Patrilateral Parallel Cousin
Avoidance: F-mbs or M-fzd Patrilateral Cross-cousin
Avoidance: F-fzs or M-mbd Matrilateral Cross-cousin
Avoidance: M-fz or F-bs Paternal Aunt-nephew
Avoidance: F-mb or M-zd Maternal Uncle-neice
Sister and Brother
Wife's Mother and Daughter's Husband
Husband's Mother and Son's Wife
Mother's Brother's Wife and Husband's Sister's Son
Mother's Brother's Son and Father's Sister's Son
Father's Sister's Daughter and Mother's Brother's Son
Elder Brother's Wife and Husband's Younger Brother
Younger Brother's Wife and Husband's Elder Brother
Wife's Elder Sister and Younger Sister's Husband
Wife's Younger Sister and Elder Sister's Husband
Female Body Type Considered Most Attractive
Exposure of Adolescent Girls to Male Sexual Advances
Consequences for Adolescent Girls Pregnant before Marriage
Degree of Public Awareness of Menarche
Pathogen stress: Leishmanias
Pathogen stress: Trypanosomes
Pathogen stress: Malaria
Pathogen stress: Schistosomes
Pathogen stress: Filariae
Pathogen stress: Spirochetes
Pathogen stress: Leprosy
Pathogen stress: Total Pathogen Stress
Ordinary Nutritional Conditions and Endemic Starvation
Occurrence of Short-term Starvation
Occurrence of Seasonal Starvation
Occurrence of Famine
Severity of Famine
Persistence of Famine
Recurrence of Famine
Contingency of Famine
Adult Land Clearance: Primary Crop
Adult Soil Preparation: Primary Crop
Adult Planting: Primary Crop
Adult Crop Tending: Primary Crop
Adult Harvesting: Primary Crop
Adult Agricultural Task Unspecified: Primary Crop
Adult Other Agricultural Chores: Primary Crop
Child Land Clearance: Primary Crop
Child Soil Preparation: Primary Crop
Child Planting: Primary Crop
Child Crop Tending: Primary Crop
Child Harvesting: Primary Crop
Child Agricultural Task Unspecified: Primary Crop
Child Other Agricultural Chores: Primary Crop
Children under 6 Clear Land: Primary Crop
Children under 6 Soil Preparation: Primary Crop
Children under 6 Planting: Primary Crop
Children under 6 Crop Tending: Primary Crop
Children under 6 Harvesting: Primary Crop
Children under 6 Agricultural Tasks Unspecified: Primary Crop
Children under 6 Other Agricultural Chores: Primary Crop
Children 6 to 10 Clear Land: Primary Crop
Children 6 to 10 Soil Preparation: Primary Crop
Children 6 to 10 Planting: Primary Crop
Children 6 to 10 Crop Tending: Primary Crop
Children 6 to 10 Harvesting: Primary Crop
Children 6 to 10 Agricultural Tasks Unspecified: Primary Crop
Children 6 to 10 Other Agricultural Chores: Primary Crop
Children over 10 Clear Land: Primary Crop
Children over 10 Soil Preparation: Primary Crop
Children over 10 Planting: Primary Crop
Children over 10 Crop Tending: Primary Crop
Children over 10 Harvesting: Primary Crop
Children over 10 Agricultural Tasks Unspecified: Primary Crop
Children over 10 Other Agricultural Chores: Primary Crop
Uses of Fruits of Labor: Primary Crop
Children Clear Land Alone: Primary Crop
Children Prepare Soil Alone: Primary Crop
Children Plant Alone: Primary Crop
Children Tend Crops Alone: Primary Crop
Children Harvest Alone: Primary Crop
Children Do Unspecified Agricultural Tasks Alone: Primary Crop
Children Do Other Agricultural Chores Alone: Primary Crop
Children Clear Land with Other Kids: Primary Crop
Children Prepare Soil with Other Kids: Primary Crop
Children Plant with Other Kids: Primary Crop
Children Tend Crops with Other Kids: Primary Crop
Children Harvest with Other Kids: Primary Crop
Children Do Unspecified Chores with Other Kids: Primary Crop
Children Do Other Agricultural Chores with Other Kids: Primary Crop
Children Clear Land with Adults: Primary Crop
Children Prepare Soil with Adults: Primary Crop
Children Plant with Adults: Primary Crop
Children Tend Crops with Adults: Primary Crop
Children Harvest with Adults: Primary Crop
Children Do Unspecified Agricultural Tasks with Adults: Primary Crop
Children Do Other Agricultural Chores with Adults: Primary Crop
Importance of Boy Clearing: Primary Crop
Importance of Boy Preparing Soil: Primary Crop
Importance of Boy Planting: Primary Crop
Importance of Boy Tending Crops: Primary Crop
Importance of Boy Harvesting: Primary Crop
Importance of Boy Unspecified Agricultural Tasks: Primary Crop
Importance of Boy Other Agricultural Chores: Primary Crop
Importance of Girl Clearing: Primary Crop
Importance of Girl Preparing Soil: Primary Crop
Importance of Girl Planting: Primary Crop
Importance of Girl Tending Crops: Primary Crop
Importance of Girl Harvesting: Primary Crop
Importance of Girl Unspecified Agricultural Tasks: Primary Crop
Importance of Girl Other Agricultural Chores: Primary Crop
Adult Preference in Land Clearing: Primary Crop
Adult Preference in Soil Preparation: Primary Crop
Adult Preference in Planting: Primary Crop
Adult Preference in Crop Tending: Primary Crop
Adult Preference in Harvesting: Primary Crop
Adult Preference in Unspecified Agricultural Tasks: Primary Crop
Adult Preference in Other Agricultural Chores: Primary Crop
Primary Crop Name
Other Primary Crop Name
Irrigation Used: Primary Crop
Hand Plow Used: Primary Crop
Animal Plow Used: Primary Crop
Terraces and Mounds Used: Primary Crop
Fences Used: Primary Crop
Green Manure and Mulch Used: Primary Crop
Animal Manure Used: Primary Crop
Human Manure Used: Primary Crop
Extent of Weeding: Primary Crop
Crop Supervision: Primary Crop
Planting Techniques: Primary Crop
Shortest Length of Fallow: Primary Crop
Soil Treatments/Sands Used: Primary Crop
Chemical Fertilizers Used: Primary Crop
Stakes and Trellises Used: Primary Crop
Adult Land Clearance: Secondary Crop
Adult Soil Preparation: Secondary Crop
Adult Planting: Secondary Crop
Adult Crop Tending: Secondary Crop
Adult Harvesting: Secondary Crop
Adult Agricultural Task Unspecified: Secondary Crop
Adult Other Agricultural Chores: Secondary Crop
Child Land Clearance: Secondary Crop
Child Soil Preparation: Secondary Crop
Child Planting: Secondary Crop
Child Crop Tending: Secondary Crop
Child Crop Harvesting: Secondary Crop
Child Agricultural Task Unspecified: Secondary Crop
Child Other Agricultural Chores: Secondary Crop
Children under 6 Crop Tending: Secondary Crop
Children 6 to 10 Clear Land: Secondary Crop
Children 6 to 10 Soil Preparation: Secondary Crop
Children 6 to 10 Planting: Secondary Crop
Children 6 to 10 Crop Tending: Secondary Crop
Children 6 to 10 Harvesting: Secondary Crop
Children 6 to 10 Agricultural Tasks Unspecified: Secondary Crop
Children 6 to 10 Other Agricultural Chores: Secondary Crop
Children over 10 Clear Land: Secondary Crop
Children over 10 Soil Preparation: Secondary Crop
Children over 10 Planting: Secondary Crop
Children over 10 Crop Tending: Secondary Crop
Children over 10 Harvesting: Secondary Crop
Children over 10 Agricultural Tasks Unspecified: Secondary Crop
Children over 10 Other Agricultural Chores: Secondary Crop
Uses of Fruits of Labor: Secondary Crop
Children Clear Land Alone: Secondary Crop
Children Prepare Soil Alone: Secondary Crop
Children Plant Alone: Secondary Crop
Children Tend Crops Alone: Secondary Crop
Children Harvest Alone: Secondary Crop
Children Do Unspecified Agricultural Tasks Alone: Secondary Crop
Children Do Other Agricultural Chores Alone: Secondary Crop
Children Clear Land with Other Kids: Secondary Crop
Children Prepare Soil with Other Kids: Secondary Crop
Children Plant with Other Kids: Secondary Crop
Children Tend Crops with Other Kids: Secondary Crop
Children Harvest with Other Kids: Secondary Crop
Children Do Unspecified Chores with Other Kids: Secondary Crop
Children Do Other Agricultural Chores with Other Kids: Secondary Crop
Children Clear Land with Adults: Secondary Crop
Children Prepare Soil with Adults: Secondary Crop
Children Plant with Adults: Secondary Crop
Children Tend Crops with Adults: Secondary Crop
Children Harvest with Adults: Secondary Crop
Children Do Unspecified Agricultural Tasks with Adults: Secondary Crop
Children Do Other Agricultural Chores with Adults: Secondary Crop
Importance of Boy Clearing: Secondary Crop
Importance of Boy Preparing Soil: Secondary Crop
Importance of Boy Planting: Secondary Crop
Importance of Boy Tending Crops: Secondary Crop
Importance of Boy Harvesting: Secondary Crop
Importance of Boy Unspecified Agricultural Tasks: Secondary Crop
Importance of Boy Other Agricultural Chores: Secondary Crop
Importance of Girl Clearing: Secondary Crop
Importance of Girl Preparing Soil: Secondary Crop
Importance of Girl Planting: Secondary Crop
Importance of Girl Tending Crops: Secondary Crop
Importance of Girl Harvesting: Secondary Crop
Importance of Girl Unspecified Agricultural Tasks: Secondary Crop
Importance of Girl Other Agricultural Chores: Secondary Crop
Adult Preference in Land Clearing: Secondary Crop
Adult Preference in Soil Preparation: Secondary Crop
Adult Preference in Planting: Secondary Crop
Adult Preference in Crop Tending: Secondary Crop
Adult Preference in Harvesting: Secondary Crop
Adult Preference in Unspecified Agricultural Tasks: Secondary Crop
Adult Preference in Other Agricultural Chores: Secondary Crop
Secondary Crop Name
Other Secondary Crop Name
Irrigation Used: Secondary Crop
Hand Plow Used: Secondary Crop
Animal Plow Used: Secondary Crop
Terraces and Mounds Used: Secondary Crop
Fences Used: Secondary Crop
Green Manure and Mulch Used: Secondary Crop
Animal Manure Used: Secondary Crop
Human Manure Used: Secondary Crop
Extent of Weeding: Secondary Crop
Crop Supervision: Secondary Crop
Planting Techniques: Secondary Crop
Shortest Length of Fallow: Secondary Crop
Soil Treatments/Sands Used: Secondary Crop
Chemical Fertilizers Used: Secondary Crop
Stakes and Trellises Used: Secondary Crop
Adults Herd Small Animals
Adults Care for Small Animals
Children Herd Small Animals
Children Care for Small Animals
Children under 6 Herd Small Animals
Children 6 to 10 Herd Small Animals
Children over 10 Herd Small Animals
Children under 10 Care for Small Animals
Children 6 to 10 Care for Small Animals
Children over 10 Care for Small Animals
Product Use of Small Animals
Children Herd Small Animals Alone
Children Herd Small Animals with Children
Children Herd Small Animals with Adults
Children Care for Small Animals Alone
Children Care for Small Animals with Children
Children Care for Small Animals with Adults
Importance of Boy Herding Small Animals
Importance of Girl Herding Small Animals
Importance of Boy Care for Small Animals
Importance of Girl Care for Small Animals
Adult Preference in Herding Small Animals
Adult Preference in Caring for Small Animals
Goats Present
Sheep Present
Pigs Present
Rabbits and Guinea Pigs Present
Sled and Pack Dogs Present
Adults Herd Large Animals
Adults Care for Large Animals
Children Herd Large Animals
Children Care for Large Animals
Children under 6 Herd Large Animals
Children 6 to 10 Herd Large Animals
Children over 10 Herd Large Animals
Children under 6 Care for Large Animals
Children 6 to 10 Care for Large Animals
Children over 10 Care for Large Animals
Product Use of Large Animals
Children Herd Large Animals Alone
Children Herd Large Animals with Children
Children Herd Large Animals with Adults
Children Care for Large Animals Alone
Children Care for Large Animals with Children
Children Care for Large Animals with Adults
Importance of Boy Herding Large Animals
Importance of Girl Herding Large Animals
Importance of Boy Care for Large Animals
Importance of Girl Care for Large Animals
Adult Preference in Herding Large Animals
Adult Preference in Caring for Large Animals
Cattle Present
Horses Present
Donkeys/Mules Present
Camels Present
Reindeer Present
Yaks Present
Buffalo Present
Llama Present
Adults Do Wage Labor
Children Do Wage Labor
Children over 10 Do Wage Labor
Who Controls the Earnings of Wage Labor?
Importance of Boy Doing Wage Labor
Adult Preference Wage Labor
Adults Trade
Children Trade
Adult Preference in Trade
Adults Gather
Children Gather
Children 6 to 10 Gather
Children over 10 Gather
Who Controls the Products of Gathering?
Children Gather Alone
Children Gather with Children
Children Gather with Adults
Importance of Boy Gathering
Importance of Girl Gathering
Adult Preference Gathering
Adults Cook
Children Cook
Children 6 to 10 Cook
Children over 10 Cook
Who Controls the Products of Cooking?
Children Cook Alone
Children Cook with Children
Importance of Girl Cooking
Adult Preference Cooking
Adults Tend Fires
Adults Gather Fuel
Children Gather Fuel
Children 6 to 10 Gather Fuel
Children over 10 Gather Fuel
Importance of Girl Gathering Fuel
Adult Preference Fuel Gathering
Adults Carry Burdens
Children Carry Burdens
Adult Preference in Carrying Burdens
Adults Carry Water
Children Carry Water
Children 6 to 10 Carry Water
Children over 10 Carry Water
Importance of Girl Carrying Water
Adult Preference in Carrying Water
Overall Frequency of Warfare (Resolved Rating)
Frequency of Internal Warfare (Resolved Rating)
Frequency of External Warfare (Resolved Rating)
Pacification
Outcomes regarding Land in Internal Warfare
Outcomes regarding Land in External Warfare
Outcomes regarding Land in War Overall - Combined Scale Scores from Vars 1655 and 1656
Outcomes regarding Nonland Resources in Internal Warfare
Outcomes regarding Nonland Resources in External Warfare
Outcomes regarding Nonland Resources in War Overall
Individual Aggression - Homicide
Individual Aggression - Assault
Individual Aggression - Theft
Individual Aggression - Trespass
Individual Aggression - Suicide (Resolved Ratings)
Socially Organized Homicide
Socially Organized Assault
Socially Organized Theft
Threat of Famine (Resolved Rating)
Threat of Weather or Pest Disasters
Chronic Resource Problems (Resolved Ratings)
Sex Ratio (Males/Females 1000) : First Two Digits R: Values from 65.6 to 185.6
Scarification 1: Males
Scarification 1: Females
General Scarification: Males
General Scarification: Females
Biome
Pathogen: Wound Opportunistic Typhus
Pathogen: Wound Opportunistic Pinta
Pathogen: Wound Opportunistic Yaws
Pathogen: Wound Opportunistic Leprosy
Pathogen: Wound Opportunistic Leishmania
Pathogen: Wound Opportunistic Spirochetes
Pathogen: Tick Vector Typus
Pathogen: Tick Vector Spirochetes
Pathogen: Trypanosomas (from Ludvico Data)
Pathogen: Malaria (from Ludvico Data)
Pathogen: Schistosomes (from Ludvico Data)
Pathogen: Filariae (from Ludvico Data)
Person (S) Infants and Children Sleep With
Where Adolescents Sleep
Sex Segregation in Sleeping Areas of Children
Sex Segregation in Sleeping Areas of Adolescents and Teens
Primary Source of Subsistence
Secondary Source of Subsistence
Sharing of Food
Periodical Variation of Food Scarcity
Causes of Land Shortage
Number of Rich People (Wealthy)
Sources of Wealth
Number of Poor
Number of Dispossessed
Possibility for Peaceful Territorial Expansion
Communality of Land
Resource Acquisition as Motive for Violent Conflict Management
Rich, Poor, or Dispossessed as One Party in Violent Conflicts
Presence of an Overarching Political Unit
Administrative Integration of Local Community within Overarching Political Unit
Power Participation of Local Elite within Overarching Political Unit
Presence of Wage Labor
Market Exchange within Local Community
Market Exchange outside of Local Community
Relationship between Production for Subsistence and Production for Market Exchange
Tribute, Taxation, Expropriation
Extent of Burden Caused by Tribute Payments or Taxation
Presence of Formal Education within Local Community
Types of Violence against Overarching Political Institution
Levels of Political Hierarchy
Overarching Formal Jurisdiction within Unit of Maximal Political Authority
Selection of Officials at the Lowest Level of Political Hierarchy
Sanctions
Lower Level Participation in Decision Making of the Unit of Maximal Political Authority
Religio-political Overlap
Sources of Legitimation of Power
Frequency of External Warfare: Unit of Maximal Political Authority
Frequency of Internal Warfare; i.e. between Local Communities within Unit of Maximal Political Authority
Frequency of Internal Warfare Involving Non-territorially Organized Groups within Unit of Maximal Political Authority
Frequency of Violent Conflict between Groups within Local Communities
Social Stratification
Groom's Dependency on Relatives for Marriage Transactions
Depth of Unilineal Descent
Size of Maximal Effective Kin Group
Local Distribution of Maximal Effective Kin Group
Size of Local Community
Frequency of Violent Conflict Involving at Least One Maximal Effective Kin Group
Frequency of Violent Conflict Involving at Least One Local Community
Affection during Early Childhood
Frequency of Interactions between Boys (Early Childhood) and Male Adults
Inculcation of Children's Trust in Other Persons
Positive Reinforcement of Children's Willingness to Share, Give, and Help (Generosity)
Emphasis on Honesty
Reaction of Socializing Agents towards Violent Behavior of Boys in Late Childhood
Emphasis on Courage of Boys in Late Childhood
Corporal Punishment of Boys in Late Childhood
Ideology of Male Superiority
Attitude towards Physical Violence against Members of Local Community
Attitude towards Physical Violence against Members of Same Ethnic Group, Not Restricted to Local Community
Attitude towards Physical Violence against Members of Other Ethnic Groups
Loyalty within Ethnic Group
Hostility towards Other Ethnic Groups
Prestige of Warriors
Revenge Related Norms
Reglementation of Intraethnic Violence
Frequency of Intraethnic Violence
Intensity of Intraethnic Violence
Frequency of Interethnic Violence/Attacking
Weapons Used in Warfare
Defensive (Protective) Weapons Used in Warfare
Gossip on Adultery
Gossip on Boasting
Gossip on Bride Price
Gossip on Cattle/Livestock
Gossip on Dowry Payments
Gossip on Drinking
Gossip on Family
Gossip on Farming
Gossip on Government/Colonial Affairs
Gossip on Hunting
Gossip on Inheritance
Gossip on Laziness
Gossip on Men
Gossip on Murder/Assault
Gossip on Neighbors
Gossip on Politics
Gossip on Scandal
Gossip on Sex/Sexual Joking
Gossip on Social Control
Gossip on Socializing/News
Gossip on Wife Beating
Gossip on Women
Gossip on Marriage
Gossip on Religion
Importance of Gossip
Fact_1 News & General Gossip Scale (sum of Men, Neighbors, Socializing & News, And Women Gossip)
Fact_2 Political Gossip Scale (sum of Family, Govt., Political Gossip)
Fact_3 Machismo Gossip Scale (sum of Boasting, Hunting, Laziness, Wife Beating Gossip)
Fact_4 Sex & Scandals Scale (sum of Adultery And Scandal Gossip)
Fact_5 Drinking & Murder Scale (sum of Drinking, Murder And Assault Gossip)
Fact_6 Marriage Payments Gossip Scale (sum of Bride Price And Dowry Gossip)
Fact_7 Farming & Religion Gossip Scale (sum of Farming And Religious Gossip)
Fact_8 Cattle & Marriage Gossip Scale (sum of Cattle And Marriage Gossip)
Trade: 1.1. Changes in Trade and Trade Goods
Trade: 1.2. Introduction of Wage Labor and Immigrant Workers
Trade: 1.3. Introduction of Monetary System Such as Money
Technology: 2.1. Introduction of Foreign Goods Such as Weapons
Technology: 2.2. Minor Technological Developments
Technology: 2.3. Major Technological Changes
Agriculture: 3.1. Agricultural Improvements, Improvement in Farming Mehods, Fertilization, Irrigation, Food Preservation
Agriculture: 3.2 Changes in Agriculture and Crops
Agriculture: 3.3. Introduction of New Livestock
Transportation: 4.1. Mechanical Transport (Automobiles, Railroads, Buses)
Transportation: 4.2. Changes and Introduction of Water Transport
Transportation: 4.3. Introduction of Roads and Highways
Government, Political and Legal System: 5.1 New Positions Such as Government Officials
Government, Political and Legal System: 5.2 Changes or Implementation of Foreign Judicial System
Government, Political and Legal System: 5.3 Political Changes, Uprising, Cargo Cults
Government, Political and Legal System: 5.4 Large Scale Projects Introduced by outside Agencies
Family/Social Organization: 6.1 Changes in Family Structure
Family/Social Organization: 6.2 Changes in Marriage Rituals, Weddings
Family/Social Organization: 6.3 Changes in Choice of Spouse, Mixed-marriages, Etc
Family/Social Organization: 6.4 Changes in Female Role or Status
Body Toilet, Adornment and Dress: 7.1 Changes in Body Toilets Such as Piercing, Jewelry
Body Toilet, Adornment and Dress: 7.2 Changes in Dress Customs
Behavior: 8.1 Introduction of Drugs Such as Tobacco, Alcohol
Behavior: 8.2 Changes in Food Processing Such as Cooking Methods
Information and Education: 9.1. Changes in Communication and the Arts
Information and Education: 9.2 Changes in Education
Information and Education: 9.3 Introduction of Contact Languages, Foreign Words, Vocabulary Distortion, Pidgin Languages
Health: 10.1 Introduction of Foreign Medical Practices, Hospitals
Health: 10.2 Introduction of Foreign Diseases
Health: 10.3 Changes in Sanitation Methods
Religion: 11.1 Changes in Native Religion
Religion: 11.2 Introduction of Foreign Religion
Religion: 11.3 Changes in Burial Practices or Other Rituals
Modernization: Sum of Agricultural Changes
Modernization: Sum of Behavior Changes
Modernization: Sum of Educational Changes
Modernization: Sum of Family Changes
Modernization: Sum of Governmental Changes
Modernization: Sum of Religious Changes
Modernization: Sum of Technological Changes
Modernization: Sum of Toilet Changes
Modernization: Sum of Trade Changes
Modernization: Sum of Transportation Changes
Modernization: Sum of All Changes
Secondary Bone/Body Treatment: Original Scale
Disarticulation: Original Scale
Secondary Bone/Body Treatment: Scale Two
Disarticulation: Scale Two
Secondary Bone/Body Treatment: Scale Three
Disarticulation: Scale Three
Secondary Bone/Body Treatment: Scale Four
Disarticulation: Scale Four
Region (Burton 1999)
Language Subfamily 2 (Burton 1999)
Highest Number Counted
Concordance: Number of Societies within 100 Mile Radius
Concordance: Number of Societies within 150 Mile Radius
Concordance: Number of Societies within 200 Mile Radius
Concordance: Number of Societies within 250 Mile Radius
Concordance: Number of Societies within 300 Mile Radius
Concordance: Number of Societies within 350 Mile Radius
Concordance: Number of Societies within 400 Mile Radius
Concordance: Number of Societies within 450 Mile Radius
Concordance: Number of Societies within 500 Mile Radius (100 Value)
Atlas: Number of Societies within 100 Mile Radius
Atlas: Number of Societies within 150 Mile Radius
Atlas: Number of Societies within 200 Mile Radius
Atlas: Number of Societies within 250 Mile Radius
Atlas: Number of Societies within 300 Mile Radius (100 Value)
Atlas: Number of Societies within 350 Mile Radius (100 Value)
Atlas: Number of Societies within 400 Mile Radius (100 Value)
Atlas: Number of Societies within 450 Mile Radius (100 Value)
Atlas: Number of Societies within 500 Mile Radius (100 Value)
Number of Habitats within 100 Mile Radius
Ocean within 100 Miles?
Lake within 100 Miles?
Number of Habitats within 150 Mile Radius
Ocean within 150 Miles?
Lake within 150 Miles?
Number of Habitats within 200 Mile Radius
Ocean within 200 Miles?
Lake within 200 Miles?
Number of Habitats within 250 Mile Radius
Ocean within 250 Miles?
Lake within 250 Miles?
Type of Site: 100 Miles
Type of Site: 150 Miles
Type of Site: 200 Miles
Type of Site: 250 Miles
Mean Yearly Annual Rainfall (cm)
Coefficient of Variation in Mean Annual Rainfall
Lowest Yearly Rainfall in the N Years Sampled (cm)
Highest Yearly Rainfall in the N Years Sampled (cm)
Difference between Maxrain and Minrain (cm)
Crying Frequency
Crying Duration
Male Crying: Frequency
Female Crying: Frequency
Attempted Self-injury: Frequency
Actual Self-injury: Frequency
Male Attempted Self-injury: Frequency
Female Attempted Self-injury: Frequency
Male Actual Self-injury: Frequency
Female Actual Self-injury: Frequency
Somebody Institutionalized Target
Fear of Ghost Present
Degree of Fear of Ghost
Fear of Bodies Present
Sex Difference, Crying
Importance of Ritual Specialists up to and including Initial Body Disposal
Ritualization up to and including Initial Disposal
Amount of Contact by Bereaved with Corpse
Isolation of Widows
Isolation of Widowers
Isolation of Adult Offspring of Deceased
Isolation of Parent of Deceased Subadult Offspring
Marking of Widows
Marking of Widowers
Marking of Adult Offspring of Deceased
Ghosts Present
Ghosts Perceived Are of Those Best Known
Eventual Distance of Spirits
Percentage of Widow Remarrying
Levirate Present Vs. Absent
Some Personal Objects of Deceased Are Disposed of with Corps or Ggiven to Other Groups or Put off Sight and Use for Substantional Amount of Time
Amount of Useful Property Destroyed
Name Taboo Present
Dwelling or Room of Deceased Abandoned at Least Temporarily
Temporary or Permanent Camp or Village Abandonment
Cleansing of Widows
Ghost Feared Those of People Best Known
Initial Funeral Ceremonies, Attendance
Final Funeral Ceremonies, Attendance
Mourning: Duration, Widowers
Mourning: Duration, Widows
Final Ceremonies Present or Absent
Series of Final Ceremonies
Final Ceremonies Coincide with Annual Death Ceremonies
Final Disposal of Remains at Final Ceremony
Final Ceremonies Terminates Mourning
Feasting at Initial Funeral Ceremonies
Games at Initial Funeral Ceremonies
Dances at Initial Funeral Ceremonies
Alcohol at Initial Funeral Ceremonies
Feasting at Final Funeral Ceremonies
Degree of Christian Influence
Belief in Reincarnation of Deceased Adults
Age of Marriage, Females N Is 35
Deep Islamization/Christianization (1806)
World Religions (1807)
Rain
Terrain
Water
Missions
Higod4
Legitimacy of Kin Group Vengeance
Target of Kin Group Vengeance
Internal War (Variant of Nammour 1974 Variable - 891)
Warfare [fry_war] (Armed Conflict between Political Communities)
Hunters and Gatherers
Stages of Religious Evolution
Male Jealousy: Reactions to a an Adulterous Wife
Female Jealousy: Reactions to a an Adulterous Husband
Pair Bonding: Marriage Bonds Difficult to Break, Importance and Necessity of Marriage
Attitudes to Progeny: Pair Bonds Strengthened by Presence of Children
Property: Importance of Private Ownership of Property and Severity of Punishment for Theft
Sexual Gratification: Extent to Which Sexual Activity Was Restricted to Matrimony
Economic System, Derived from Cluster Analysis. (Pryor I)
Distribution of Wealth
Food Sharing/Redistribution
Market Exchange or Barter
Taxation or Tribute
Possession of Land
Food Storage
Slave Holding
Property in Intangibles, Especially Curing Techniques
Extent of Bridewealth
Inheritance of Movable Property
Territoriality and Predominant Unit of Land Holding
Importance of Private Land Holding by Individuals or Families
Political Centralization: Composite Variable Running from 0 through 4
Social Differentiation of Free Individuals (I. E., excluding Slaves)
Fixity of Residence/Nomadism
Average Population Size of Most Significant Local Group
Contact with the West, during the Pinpointed Year
Presence of Gambling
Presence of Potlatch
Rights in Women
Transportation of Stored Food
Demand-sharing
Carneiro Complexity Measure
Economic System (Pryor II)
Communal or Private Ownership of Fields
Individual Use Rights to Fields, Bounded or Absolute
Individual Ownership of Unfarmed but Usable (Empty) Lands
Rate of Land Rents
Tenancy
Mutual Aid in Farming or Herding
Work-coordination
Unfree Labor in the Last Two Centuries
Unfree Labor at the Pinpointed Date
Inheritance by All Children or Primogeniture, Considering Only the Inheritance of Land (in a Cultivating Society) or Herds (in a Herding Society)
Central Redistribution of Food, Either by the Headman, the Big Man, a Clan Leader, or a Church
Trade of Goods with Other Communities
Intra-community Trade of Goods Made within the Community and Traded with Other Community Members
Importance of Wage Labor outside the Community
Importance of Wage Labor inside the Community
Interest on Loans
Inequality of Wealth in the Form of Land Holdings and Herds
Relative Wealth of Political Leaders in the Community
Social Inequality of Free Population
Presence of Irrigation
Political Centralization
Number of Persons in Community
Capital Intensity of Production
Form of Rent
Presence of Gambling. (Pryor II)
Combative Sports 56: Number of individual combative sports reported
Combative Sports 58: Level of aggression in indvcs
Combative Sports 60: Participants in individual combative sports
Combative Sports 62: Number of team combative sports reported
Combative Sports 64: Level of aggression in team combative sports
Combative Sports 66: Participants in team combative sports
Combative Sports 68: Number of sham combats reported
Combative Sports 70: Level of aggression in sham combats
Combative Sports 72: Participants, sham combats
Combative Sports 74: Number of non combative sports reported
Combative Sports 76: Participants in non combative sports
Combative Sports 78: Combative sport present (0-1 var from #56, #62, #68)
Combative Sports 79: Total number of sports reported (sum of #56,#62,#68,#74)
Combative Sports 80: Proportion of individual combative sports (#56 / #79)
Combative Sports 81: Proportion of team combative sports (#62 / #79)
Combative Sports 82: Proportion of sham combats (#68 / #79)
Combative Sports 83: Proportion of non combative sports (#74 / #79)
Severity of sex training [measured as strength of + (presence) and - (absence)]
Pregnancy sex taboo [measured as strength of + (presence) and - (absence)]
Sexual intercourse before marriage prohibited [measured as strength of + (presence) and - (absence)]
Sexual avoidance therapy [measured as strength of + (presence) and - (absence)]
Sexual explanations for Illness [measured as strength of + (presence) and - (absence)]
Stephans summative scoring, leaving blank those cases where there are too few indicators to form a sum
Doug White's summative scoring for all cases
Romantic Love Ratings (Rosenblatt 1965)
Premarital Sex (Rosenblatt 1965)
Extramarital Sex (Rosenblatt 1965)
Parental Nurturance
Alcohol: Amount Consumed Male
Alcohol: Frequency of Drunkeness Male
Alcohol: Extent of Problem
Alcohol: Extent of Procurement Effort Male
Alcohol: Boisterousness of Drinking Bouts Male
Alcohol: Approval of Drinking Male
Alcohol: Approval of Drunkeness Male
Importance of Wage Labor inside the Community or outside (If Return Migration)
Food Collection: Vegetal (task present==1, absent==0)
Food Collection: Insects, and/or Small Land Fauna (task present==1, absent==0)
Food Collection: Shellfish/Small Aquatic Fauna (task present==1, absent==0)
Food Collection: Honey (task present==1, absent==0)
Food Collection: Fowling (task present==1, absent==0)
Food Collection: Fishing (task present==1, absent==0)
Food Collection: Trapping (task present==1, absent==0)
Food Collection: Large Land Fauna (task present==1, absent==0)
Food Collection: Large Aquatic Fauna (task present==1, absent==0)
Food Production: Land Clearance (task present==1, absent==0)
Food Production: Soil Preparation (task present==1, absent==0)
Food Production: Planting (task present==1, absent==0)
Food Production: Crop Tending (task present==1, absent==0)
Food Production: Harvesting (task present==1, absent==0)
Food Production: Small Domestic Animals (task present==1, absent==0)
Food Production: Large Domestic Animals (task present==1, absent==0)
Food Production: Milking (task present==1, absent==0)
Food Preparation: Vegetal: Food Preparation (task present==1, absent==0)
Food Preparation: Butchering (task present==1, absent==0)
Food Preparation: Preservation (task present==1, absent==0)
Food Preparation: Drinks (task present==1, absent==0)
Food Preparation: Dairy (task present==1, absent==0)
Extractive Industries: Mining/Quarrying (task present==1, absent==0)
Extractive Industries: Fuel Gathering (task present==1, absent==0)
Extractive Industries: Lumbering (task present==1, absent==0)
Intermediate Processing: Skins (task present==1, absent==0)
Intermediate Processing: Spinning (task present==1, absent==0)
Intermediate Processing: Loom Weaving (task present==1, absent==0)
Intermediate Processing: Smelting (task present==1, absent==0)
Manufacturing: Matmaking (task present==1, absent==0)
Manufacturing: Netmaking (task present==1, absent==0)
Manufacturing: Basketmaking (task present==1, absent==0)
Manufacturing: Rope or Cordage (task present==1, absent==0)
Manufacturing: Leather (task present==1, absent==0)
Manufacturing: Clothing (task present==1, absent==0)
Manufacturing: Pottery (task present==1, absent==0)
Manufacturing: Wood (task present==1, absent==0)
Manufacturing: Bone (task present==1, absent==0)
Manufacturing: Stone (task present==1, absent==0)
Manufacturing: Metal (task present==1, absent==0)
Manufacturing: Musical Instruments (task present==1, absent==0)
Miscellaneous: Fire (task present==1, absent==0)
Miscellaneous: Laundering (task present==1, absent==0)
Miscellaneous: Bodily Mutilation (task present==1, absent==0)
Miscellaneous: Bonesetting/Surgery (task present==1, absent==0)
Miscellaneous: Burden Carrying (task present==1, absent==0)
Miscellaneous: Boatbuilding (task present==1, absent==0)
Miscellaneous: Housebuilding (task present==1, absent==0)
Mean number wives per husband (Married Women/Married Men)
The sum of the individual pathogen scores (Cashdan & Steele)
A z-score including additional data (a finer breakdown of schistosomes and leishmanias, plus two of Low's pathogen scores)  (Cashdan & Steele)
Classical karmic beliefs
Range of Beliefs roughly consistent with Rosenblatt et al. codes
Pathogen: dengue (Cashdan)
Pathogen: filariae (Cashdan)
Pathogen: malaria (Cashdan)
Pathogen: typhus (Cashdan)
Pathogen: trypanosomes (Cashdan)
Pathogen: plague (Cashdan)
Pathogen: leishmanias (Cashdan)
Pathogen: schistosomes (Cashdan)
Pathogen: eight pathogen zscore (Cashdan)
Pathogen: number of pathogens present (of 10) (Cashdan)
Occurance of subsistence change
Extent of subsistence change
Agricultural intensification
Nonagricultural intensification
New crops introduced
new animals introduced
change in settlement patterns
expansion
major subsistence loss
wage labor introduced
wage labor increased
introduction to trade
trade increased
BIOCLIM: Mean altitude within 20 km radius (m)
Longitude (decimal degrees)
Latitude (decimal degrees)
Classification by vegetation type--gross classification
Classification by vegetation type ; (Table: 5.01); (Binford 2001:117)
Position in drainage system (distance from territory to headwaters of drainage system)/(length of drainage system) ; (Equation: headwat/drain); (Binford 2001:168)
Distance from water source to the headwaters of the drainage (measured along the stream)
Total length (in miles) of drainage system.
Measure of altitudinal maximum at a circle with a 10 mile radius.
Measure of altitudinal maximum at a circle with a 25 mile radius.
Measure of altitudinal maximum at a circle with a 50 mile radius.
Measure of altitudinal minimum at a circle with a 10 mile radius.
Measure of altitudinal minimum at a circle with a 25 mile radius.
Measure of altitudinal minimum at a circle with a 50 mile radius.
Difference between the lowest recorded point of elevation and the highest recorded point of elevation
Binary indicator of proximity to equator
Effective temperature; (Equation: 4.01); (Table: 4.01); (Binford 2001:58)
Mean annual temperature (degrees C); (Table: 4.01); (Binford 2001:58)
Mean temperature of coldest month (degrees C); (Table: 4.01); (Binford 2001:59)
Mean temperature of warmest month (degrees C); (Table: 4.01); (Binford 2001:59)
Temperateness; (Equation: 4.02); (Binford 2001:59)
Evenness in temperature across seasons; (Equation: 4.03); (Binford 2001:68)
Ordination of the Earth's climates by effective temperature; (Table: 4.02); (Binford 2001:70)
Annual rainfall (mm); (Table: 4.01); (Binford 2001:70)
Mean rainfall of wettest month (mm); (Table: 4.01); (Binford 2001:70)
Mean rainfall of driest month (mm); (Table: 4.01); (Binford 2001:70)
Unevenness in rainfall across seasons; (Equation: 4.04); (Binford 2001:70)
Evenness in rainfall across seasons (higher values => more even); (Equation: 4.06); (Binford 2001:72)
Moisture ordination of climates; (Table: 4.05); (Binford 2001:79)
Standard deviation of mean monthly temperature; (Binford 2001:70)
Standard deviation of mean monthly rainfall; (Binford 2001:70)
Difference between month with greatest rainfall and that with highest temp. Using the warmest month as a reference point, the number of months (or parts thereof), positive or negative, that separate the wettest month from the warmest month; (Binford 2001:71)
Positive scale for rrcorr: add 4.5 to rrcorr; if any subsequent values are negative, they are added to 12; (Table: 4.01); (Binford 2001:71)
Like rrcorr2, except that in environments with a 12-month growing season, the value is set to 4.5 ; (Binford 2001:71)
Season with greatest rainfall (derived from rrcorr2); (Binford 2001:71)
Mediterranean climate indicator (higher values => more Mediterranean); (Equation: 4.05); (Binford 2001:72)
Effective growing season (number of months in growing season); (Table: 4.07); (Binford 2001:73)
Potential evapotranspiration; (Table: 4.07); (Binford 2001:75)
Actual evapotranspiration; (Table: 4.07); (Binford 2001:74)
Quantity of water actually present in the soil; (Table: 4.07); (Binford 2001:75)
Water deficit; (Table: 4.07); (Binford 2001:75)
Snow accumulation; (Table: 4.07); (Binford 2001:75)
Potential evapotranspiration relative to actual evapotranspiration (low values have higher plant growth potential); (Equation: pet/(1+ae)); (Binford 2001:78)
Potential evapotranspiration relative to annual rainfall. Values less than 1 tend to be forested, greater than 1 arid, and around 1 savannas and steppes.; (Equation: pet/ccr); (Binford 2001:78)
Potential evapotranspiration relative to water deficit (high values imply high plant growth potential); (Equation: pet/(1+watd)); (Binford 2001:78)
Number of months during growing season in which water deficit occurs; (Binford 2001:79)
Percentage of growing season with a water deficit; (Equation: 4.08); (Table: 4.07); (Binford 2001:79)
Percentage of growing season with water stored in soil; (Equation: 4.07); (Binford 2001:79)
Percentage of growing season for which water available is below the wilting point for plants; (Equation: 4.09); (Binford 2001:79)
Number of months plants would wilt because of water deficit; (Table: 4.07); (Binford 2001:79)
Net above-ground productivity: new cell life added to a habitat as a result of photosynthesis and growth (g/sqm/yr); (Equation: 4.10); (Table: 4.07); (Binford 2001:79)
Log 10 of nagp; (Binford 2001:79)
Primary biomass; (Table: 4.07); (Binford 2001:85)
Log 10 of bio5; (Binford 2001:85)
Biomass accumulation ratio; (Equation: 4.15); (Table: 4.07); (Binford 2001:85)
(Log of) Secondary animal biomass; (Binford 2001:109)
Modified successional stability (a measure of likelihood of vegetation-clearing fires); (Binford 2001:171)
Total number of persons to whom the ethnographic description applies; (Table: 5.01); (Binford 2001:117)
Ethnographers' estimate of total land area occupied by the group (100 sqkm); (Table: 5.01); (Binford 2001:117)
Population density (==tlpop/area); (Table: 5.01); (Binford 2001:117)
Size of smallest group that regularly cooperates for subsistence; smallest self-sufficient group; (Table: 5.01 & 8.01); (Binford 2001:117)
The mean size of the consumer group that regularly camps together during the most aggregated phase of the yearly economic cycles; (Table: 5.01 & 8.01); (Binford 2001:117)
The mean size of multigroup encampments that may aggregate periodically, but not necessarily annually, for immediate subsistence-related activities; (Table: 5.01 & 8.01); (Binford 2001:117)
Log 10 of density; (Binford 2001:117)
Natural log of tlpop;
Number of people in dialect group
Percent dependence on terrestrial animals; (Table: 5.01); (Binford 2001:117)
Percent dependence on terrestrial plants; (Table: 5.01); (Binford 2001:117)
Percent dependence on aquatic organisms ; (Table: 5.01); (Binford 2001:117)
Which food type (hunted, gathered, fished) provides majority of nutritional intake; (Table: 5.01); (Binford 2001:117)
Dependence upon storage; (Binford 2001:388)
Quantity of food stored  ; (Binford 2001:389)
Subsistence diversity; (Equation: 100-stddev("hunting","gatherin","fishing") ); (Binford 2001:403,fn2)
Ordinal simplification (5 categories) of subdiv2.; (Binford 2001:404)
The number of (types of) animal traps documented for the group.
Ordinal simplification of noantrap
Degree to which males conduct hunting, relative to females.
Degree to which males conduct gathering, relative to females.
Degree to which males conduct fishing, relative to females.
Percentage of total diet derived from male labor; (Binford 2001:280)
The sexual division of labor in the construction of houses.  Does not address the procurement of materials, only construction of the highest investment houses.
Code for forager-collector distinction; (Binford 2001:304)
Degree of mobility; (Table: 5.01); (Binford 2001:117)
Total number of annual moves in residence of a household unit; (Table: 5.01 & 8.04); (Binford 2001:117)
Total distance (in miles) residence moved in a year (sum of all moves); (Table: 5.01 & 8.04); (Binford 2001:117)
Distance per move (in miles) (dspmov=dismov/nomov); (Binford 2001:117)
Averge distance per move (in km) (kspmov=kmov/nomov); (Binford 2001:117)
Log 10 of kmov; (Binford 2001:117)
Log 10 of kspmov; (Binford 2001:117)
Summed distance (in km) moved per year by average household (kmov=dismov/.6214); (Binford 2001:117)
Mean household size ; (Table: 8.08); (Binford 2001:147)
Mean family size (total group size divided by number of married men); (Table: 8.08); (Binford 2001:286)
Community organization. The prevalence of local endogamy, agamy, & exogamy coded together with the presence or absence of localized kin groups. Can be interpreted as ordinal measure of endogamy; (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:320)
The functions and properties of structures with specific community-wide functions.  These are not residences, nor are they multifunctional residences.; (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:320)
Average number of families per household (==mhs/famsz); (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:320)
Density rescaled to fit population packing concept: packinx=density/9.098; (Binford 2001:374)
Log 10 of packinx; (Binford 2001:375)
Ordinal measure for packing. The packing threshold is the value of population density at which there is one minimal group per foraging radius (20.47 persons/225 sq km = 9.1 persons), thus indicating a density value at which there is no longer unoccupied space into which mobile hunter-gatherers could move; (Binford 2001:375)
Binary variable for population packing
Recode of systate3 by DR White; (Binford 2001:375)
Classification of foragers: system's state; (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:375)
Identifies mounted hunters. A binary variable produced from systate3; (Binford 2001:417)
A normative estimate of the distance between houses in the settlement.
House shape: Codes the shape of the ground plan of the most common type of shelter.
Codes the character of the floor level within the house
Codes the character of the wall material used in constructing the house
Codes the shape of the roof or of walls and roof when the former are not distinct
Codes the material used in roofing for the dominant house form
Codes the shape of the ground plan of the most common type of shelter
Codes the character of the floor level within the shelter
Codes the character of the wall material used in constructing the shelter
Codes the shape of the shelters roof or of walls and roof when the former are not distinct
Codes the material used in roofing for the dominant shelter form
Degree of sedentism
Codes the mobility-group organizations of the subsistence-settlement pattern
Routed foraging where the group feeds between target locations that are annually visited for purposes of obtaining raw materials to maintain technology.
Size of a single family dwelling [size is reported as the diameter (m) of a circle with area equal to the area of the dwelling]
Size of a joint family dwelling [size reported as diameter (m) of a circle with area equal to the area of the dwelling]
Size of a communal dwelling [size reported as diameter (m) of a circle with area equal to the area of the dwelling]
Mean dwelling size [size reported as diameter (m) of a circle with area equal to the area of the dwelling]
Primary household type, based on initial capital letter in code for hhtype; (Table: 8.08); (Binford 2001: 297)
Number of households per group2 (==group2/mhs); (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:320)
Variable is in Table 9.01. initial attempt at calculating G2MHS. unclear meaning.; (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:320)
Classification by values of mhs and hougrp2. Initial version. (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:320)
Mean Household Size Set: the classification of the relationship between mhs and hougrp2; (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:320)
Initial attempt at calculating G2MHS. unclear meaning. (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:320)
Number of families per group2 (==group2/famsz); (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:320)
Number of families per group1 (==group1/famsz); (Equation: group1/famsz); (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:333)
Number of households per group1 (==group1/mhs); (Equation: group1/mhs); (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:333)
Number of group1 units in a group2 unit; (Equation: group2/group1); (Binford 2001:336)
Classification based on relationship between mhs and group2; (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:337)
Simplified version of g2mhset2; (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:340)
Basal unit size for group2 --ordinal classification; (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:348)
Mean number of houses per group2 unit. (Equation: group2/mhs); (Binford 2001:344)
Codes the presence or absence of the use of money within the society; (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:320)
Occupational specialties reported which are not tied to the sexual division of labor or tendencies for role differences.; (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:320)
Ownership of resource locations ; (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:426)
The organization of individual to individual trade in manufactured goods or raw materials across local group boundaries.
The presence and form of exchanges where FOOD is one of the materials involved in exchanges across local group boundaries.
The way of organizing group to group trade and exchange within a regio
Manner of organization of trade fairs or special trade events in which food is the primary commodity that is desired in exchange.
The characteristic exchange relationships between host unit and guest unit in intercommunity events when goods are supplied to guests, the group tabulated is the host and it is an event where exchange is a conventionally included part of the activities.
The social and economic prerogatives which accompany the leadership role.; (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:338)
Predominant type of leadership; (Binford 2001:388)
Measure of scale for the demographic and spatial scope of political organization.; (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:252)
Type of social class distinction; (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:320)
Code refers to the political and economic position of the group relative to other groups in the region; (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:345)
Form of integration.
The patterns of succession of acknowledged leaders in the maximal politically integrated unit represented by the case.
Codes the presence and scale of shaman's rituals as a social and organized event beyond their functioning as curers, healers, etc. at the personal or family level.  This also excludes rituals conducted only for shamans that may qualify as secret societies
Frequency of internal conflict.
The means culturally available for resolving conflict and/or deducing punishments, if any, within GP2.
Scale of inter-group violence which is conducted with groups beyond the definition of GP2 and/or GP3
The means available for resolving conflicts between groups as coded in GPGPCON.
Scale of intensity of warfare.  How frequent and how widespread it may be regionally.
The posture of the particular group relative to the intensity of warfare within the region as coded in WAR.
The treatment of the bodies of those killed in group-group conflicts.
Codes the treatment of prisoners upon return to the "home" group
Status of slaves in the society.
Manner of choosing a leader in group-group conflict situations.
Codes the segregation of adolescent boys prior to initiation or at the time of puberty
Scale and elaborateness of male puberty rituals.
The degree of exclusiveness of the male centered rituals. (Do women observe or participate?)
The scale and social investments in female puberty rites.
The collapsed classes of rituals as outlined in sections a-f above for the dominant ritual.
The collapsed classes of rituals as outlined in sections a-f above for the second-most dominant ritual.
The presence/absence of taboos against speaking the name of the deceased after death.
Codes the response to death as regards housing and the use of the camp
The disposal event sequence regarding only the treatment of the corpse.
The number of major steps relating to the disposal of the corpse
Codes the location of the final step in the disposal sequence.
The state of the skeletal remains on final disposal.
This code has reference to the mode of disposal for all persons or persons in the prime of life only.  There may be alternative modes of disposal for the very young, aged, or for special conditions of death.  This has primary reference to the situation of the decay of the body or the use of soft parts
Differences in body disposal modes across persons
The sequential complexity of mortuary rituals regularly performed after a death.
The scale of non-immediate family involvement in the mortuary rituals.
The goals of the mortuary ritual or its ideological tone.
The emic beliefs regarding the causes of death insofar as they are related to aspects of mortuary behavior. Can be interpreted as ordinal measure of the degree to which death is considered emically "unnatural".
Role and importance of divination in mortuary ritual.
The use of body parts from the deceased during the mortuary rituals.
The treatment of the durable goods which were brought for the use during the mortuary rituals. Contributed goods are not the goods of the deceased.
The treatment of the majority of the durable items which could be considered as associated with or "owned" by the deceased.
The placement of personalities with the corpse in its final resting place.
The organization of revenge activity which is generally conducted during the mourning period of the mortuary rites.
Average age of males at the time of their first marriage.; (Table: 8.07); (Binford 2001:281)
Average age of females at the time of their first marriage.; (Table: 8.07); (Binford 2001:281)
The difference between mean age at first marriage of husbands and wives. ; (Binford 2001:299)
Percentage of males married polygynously, with some additional values added to those found in table; (Table: 8.07); (Binford 2001:281)
Percentage of males married polygynously (polyg) recoded by Doug White to distinguish monogamy from missing values; (Table: 8.07); (Binford 2001:281)
Percentage of males married polygynously, as-is from table; (Table: 8.07); (Binford 2001:281)
The average difference between males and females at the time of initial marriage of each (i.e., this is not the age difference between the marriage partners).
This code has reference to the immediately post-marital residence of the married couple
The residential association of the married couple after birth of children when they are an established family.
The residential association of the married couple after the birth of their first child when they are established as a family.  This complements the initial residence code.
The presence or absence of the passing of wives of a deceased male to close male relatives of the deceased. Binary variable.
The presence or absence of simultaneous sororal polygyny. Binary variable.
The form of the exogamic practices/ preferences.
The manner in which marriages are negotiated and arranged within the society.
The scale of investment in marriage ceremonies both in terms of the scale of participation and the goods and labor involved.
Codes on an ordinal scale an estimate of the percentage of males married multiple wives
This code scales the relative balance of the flow of goods and services in marriage arrangements.  This code does not scale the absolute quantity of goods and services, only the relative imbalance in terms of the standards of the community itself.
The investments in property exchanges made by the kinsmen of the prospective bride and groom.?
The types of investment made in marriages.
Codes the difficulty of obtaining a sanctioned divorce within the society.
The basic convention for identifying kin for an unmarried child.
The basic structure as used of the kinship conventions.
Records the bias in the kinship structure as regards the side which is extended more or keyed upon cognitively for discussing exogamy
Codes the ways of augmenting the kinspersons of an individual that are not done through birth or marriage
The number of strategies used to augment kinship  [in HGKIN printouts from 9/25/94 with LRB handwritten notes re recoding]
Sodalities: collapsed version of adjun [in HGKIN printouts from 9/25/94 with LRB handwritten notes re recoding]
Kinship derived units are classes of kinspersons that are identifiable as higher order classes which are consistent with the cognitive conventions of the kinship system
Codes the bias in the (KINDER) variable as regards the filiation of persons in kindreds, sibs, clans, etc
Codes for cognitive elaborations or more general classes which are derivable from the underlying system of kin cognition.  Most of the time these elaborations serve no organizational function beyond providing rules of thumb for discussing exogamy and using these general categories for placing "strangers" into the web of kinship of the speaker.  The coding of cases here implies no additional functions for these units beyond those discussed here.
The situation where elaborations are given social functions beyond those listed above such that they imply more than marriage arrangements, etc.  [in HGKIN printouts from 9/25/94 with LRB handwritten notes re recoding]
Revised version of elabor2  [in HGKIN printouts from 9/25/94 with LRB handwritten notes re recoding]
Revised version of elabor3  [in HGKIN printouts from 9/25/94 with LRB handwritten notes re recoding]
Codes the domain within which the elaborations and adjunct differentiations primarily function.  Whether they contribute primarily to the internal complexity of the system or whether they provide the organizational basis for relating to and interacting in an expansive manner with adjacent groups is the focus of this code
Codes the presence of organizational features which are discussed cognitively in kinship terms or refer to behaviors normally conventionalized by kinship but which are not derivable from the underlying properties of the kinship cognition itself
Number of forms of adjunct kin  [in HGKIN printouts from 9/25/94 with LRB handwritten notes re recoding]
Types of adjunct kin strategy  [in HGKIN printouts from 9/25/94 with LRB handwritten notes re recoding]
Collapse of adjun  [in HGKIN printouts from 9/25/94 with LRB handwritten notes re recoding]
Codes the limitation of kin extension characteristic of the society.  The code scales the lateral extension of the exogamic practice in the group
The situation where there are marked differences in the exogamic practices of the leaders and/or elite and the general population in the patterns of exogamic extension or restriction.
The kinship terminology for parallel nephews and nieces.
The kinship terminology for cross nephews and nieces when they are distinguished from parallel nephews and nieces.
The type of terminology used for first cousins.
Kin terminology employed for aunts.
Kin terms for grandparents.
Kin terms for great grandparents.
The presence or absence of behavioral mother-in-law avoidance and other restrictions on behavior. Binary variable.
Male height in millimeters; (Table: 6.03); (Binford 2001:183)
Female height in millimeters; (Table: 6.03); (Binford 2001:183)
Proportion of food in a-cultural terrestrial model from hunting
Proportion of food in a-cultural terrestrial model from gathering
Terrestrial model hunting density: Number of persons per 100 sqkm who could be supported from ungulate resources alone; (Equation: 6.13); (Binford 2001:187)
Terrestrial model gathering density: Number of persons per 100 sqkm who could be supported from terrestrial plant foods alone; (Equation: 6.14); (Binford 2001:187)
Terrestrial model population density: Population density (adjusted for body size) expected at a particular location, based on terrestrial model (persons per 100 sqkm); (Equation: 6.15); (Binford 2001:187)
Ratio of niche effectiveness (measured density compared to terrestrial model density) in exploitation of terrestrial plant resources; (Equation: 10.02); (Binford 2001:373)
Ratio of niche effectiveness (measured density compared to terrestrial model density) in exploitation of terrestrial animal resources; (Equation: 10.03); (Binford 2001:373)
Ratio of niche effectiveness (measured density compared to terrestrial model density); (Equation: 10.01); (Binford 2001:373)
Ratio of population density to TERMD2, the terrestrial model population density - a very simple measure of pressure on terrestrial resources = how many times more densely populated than a cultural terrestrial carrying capacity are observed HGs (Equation: density/termd2)
Coefficient of variation of monthly temperature array.
Elevation at group?s central point.
Log10 value of BAR5
Log10 of COKLM
Log10 value of CVTEMP
Log10 value of PTOAE
Log10 value of PTORUN
Log10 value of SNOWAC
Log10 value of WACCESS
Number of months in the growing season in which runoff is greater than zero.
Water retention: if CRR is greater than PET then the excess water may have been added to the water already stored in the soil.
PTORUN = PET/(RUNOFF+1). Ratio of potential evapotranspiration to runoff. Predictor of all true forest plant associations.
Log10 value of DEFPER
Log10 value of GATHERIN
Range of temperatures TRANGE = (MWM-MCM)
Number of months in the growing season in which water is retained in the soil.
Log10 value of MEANELEV
Log10 value of WATRGRC
Weighted measure of the simultaneous presence of both water and solar radiation available to the plant community. Scales from 0-36; 0 indicates no chance for plant growth; 36 indicates good growing conditions year round.
Log10 value of RUNOFF
Log10 value of SUCSTAB2
Calculates plant access to water during the growing season.
Log10 value of FISHING
Sample of hunter-gatherer cases selected by vegetation type proportional to Earth's area in each vegetation type
Marker for subset of hunter-gatherer cases for which SUBPOP = N, GRPPAT = 1, and SUBSP=1
Marker for subset of hunter-gatherer cases for which SUBPOP = N, GRPPAT = 1, and SUBSP=2
Marker for subset of hunter-gatherer cases for which SUBPOP = N, GRPPAT = 1, and SUBSP=3
Marker for subset of hunter-gatherer cases for which SUBPOP = N, GRPPAT = 2, and SUBSP=1
Marker for subset of hunter-gatherer cases for which SUBPOP = N, GRPPAT = 2, and SUBSP=2
Marker for subset of hunter-gatherer cases for which SUBPOP = N, GRPPAT = 2, and SUBSP=3
Pathogen prevalence (Fincher and Thornhill 2008)
Number of families in society (Equation: tlpop/famsz) (Hamilton et al. 2007)
Number of group1 units in society (Equation: tlpop/group1) (Hamilton et al. 2007)
Number of group2 units in society (Equation: tlpop/group2) (Hamilton et al. 2007)
Number of group3 units in society (Equation: tlpop/group3) (Hamilton et al. 2007)
Horton-Strahler branching ratio, produced as slope in regression (Hamilton et al. 2007:2197)
BIOCLIM: Mean altitude within 20 km radius (m)
First two digits of tribal center in degrees north latitude
Tribal center in degrees west longitude
Tribal longitude in five-degree intervals
Tribal latitude in five-degree intervals
Tribal altitude in 1,000- and 2,000-foot intervals
Tribal area average annual precipitation (20-year average)
Tribal natural vegetation area
Tribal area average temperature in January
Tribal area average temperature in July
California white oak or valley oak, Quercus lobata
Oregon white oak, Quercus garryana
Blue oak, Quercus douglasii
Maul oak or canyon live oak, Quercus chrysolepis
California live oak, Quercus agrifolia
Interior live oak, Quercus wislizenii
California black oak, Quercus kelloggii
Tan-oak, Lithocarpus densiflora
Emory oak or scrub oak, Quercus emoryi
Gambel oak, Quercus gambellii
Evergreen oak, Quercus undulata
Pinyon pine, Pinus edulis
Single-leaf pinyon pine, Pinus monophylla
Ponderosa or yellow pine, Pinus ponderosa
Lodge-pole pine, Pinus contorta
Sugar pine, Pinus lambertiana
Giant sahuaro cactus, Carnegiea gigantea
Honey mesquite, Prosopis juliforna (and other mesquite spp.)
Screwbean, Prosopis pubescens
Mescal, Agave parryi
Mescal, Agave deserti
Mescal, Agave utahensis
Mescal, Agave palmeri
Mescal, Agave conseii
Mescal, Agave neomexicana
Soapweed, Yucca glauca or Datil, Y. baccata
Sotol, Dasylerion wheeleri
Prickly-pear cactus, Opuntia engelmannii (and other prickly-pear spp.)
Cholla cactus, Opuntia arborescens (and other cholla spp.)
Sand-root, Ammobroma sonorae
Pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus
Serviceberry, Amelanchier alnifolia
Saltbush, Atriplex argentea
Western hackberry, Celtis douglasii
Guaco, Cleome serrulata
Indian millet, Eriocoma cuspidata
Common purslane, Portulaca oleracea
Wild potato, Solanum triflorum and other potato spp.
Yamp, Carum gairdneri
Thistle, Cirsium acaule, and other Cirsium spp.
Wild rye, Elymus condensatus or sibiricus
Sunflower, Helianthus annuus
Sunflower, Helianthus (all other spp.)
Broomrape, genus Orobanche
Sand bunchgrass, Rice Grass, Oryzopis spp.
Tobacco-root or Bitterroot, Valeriana edulis
Camass, genus Camassia
Braken fern, Pteridium aquilinum
Western hazelnut or filbert, Corylus californica
Lupine, Lupinus polyphyllus
Salal, Gaultheria shallon
Tiger-lily, Lilium spp.
Wokas or Water-lily, Nymphaea polysepala
Life Zones in the Tribal Territory
Baird's beaked whale, Berardius bairdii
Pacific beaked whale, Mesoplodon stejnegeri
Goose-beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris
Sperm whale, Physeter catodon
Pygmy sperm whale, Kogia breviceps
California gray whale, Eschrichtius gibbosus
Fin-backed whale, Balaenoptera physalus
Sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis
Blue whale or Sulphur-bottomed whale, Sibbaldus musculus
Humped-backed whale, Megaptera novaengliae
Pacific Right whale, Eubalaena sieboldii
Gray's porpoise or spotted dolphin, Stenella styx
Pacific dolphin, Delphinius bairdii
Gill's bottle-nosed dolphin, Tursiops gillii
Pacific bottle-nosed dolphin, Tursiops nuuanu
Northern right-whale dolphin, Lissodelphus borealis
Pacific white-sided dolphin, Lagenorhynchus obliquidens
Pacific killer-whale, Grampus rectipinna
False killer-whale, Pseudorca crassidens
Pacific blackfish or pilot whale, Globicephala scammonii
Pacific harbor porpoise, Phocoena vomerina
Dall's porpoise, Phocoenoides dalli
Sea-otter, Enhydra lutris
Northern or Alaskan fur-seal, Callorhinus ursinus
Guadalupe fur-seal, Arctophoca townsendii
Northern sea-lion, Eumetopias jubata
California sea-lion, Zalophus californianus
Harbor seal, Phoca vitulina
Northern elephant-seal, Mirounga angustirostris
Total number of types of the 29 sea mammals available in tribal area
Cottontail rabbit, Sylvilagus spp.
Jack rabbit, Lepus spp.
Beaver, Castor canadensis
Porcupine, Erethizon dorsatum
Coyote, Canis latrans
Wolf, Canis lupus
Bear, Ursus americanus and other Ursus spp.
Mountain lions, Felis concolor
Lynx, Lynx canadensis
Bobcat, Lynx rufus
Wapiti (Elk), Cervus spp.
Black-tailed deer or mule deer, Odocoileus hemionus
White-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginiana
Moose, Alces alces
Caribou, Rangifer spp.
Pronghorn antelope, Antilocapra americana
Bison, Bison bison
Mountain goat, Oreamnos americanus
Mountain sheep, Ovis canadensis
Total number of 19 species of land mammals available in tribal area.
Western sea-lamprey, Entosphenus tridentatus
White sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus
Cutthroat trout, Salmo clarkii, and Rainbow trout, S. gairdnerii
Dolly Varden char, Salvelinus malma
Rocky Mountain whitefish, Coregonus spp. and lake whitefish Prosopium spp.
Suckers, family Catostomidae, Catostomus spp., Chamistes spp., Deltistes spp., Pantosteus spp., Xyrauchen texanus
Chinook or king salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Coho or silver salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch
Pink or humpback salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha
Sockeye or red salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka
Chum or dog salmon, Oncorhynchus keta
Steelhead trout, Salmon gairdnerii irideus, S. g. newberryi
Number of salmon and steelhead anadromous species present in tribal area
Herring, Clupea pallasii
Sardine or California pilchard, Sardinops sagax
Eulachon or candlefish, Thaleichthys pacificus
Pacific halibut, Hippoglossus steno
Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus
Surf smelt, Hypomesus pretiosus
Quantity of fish available in tribal territory: Average annual production in pounds per square mile of territory
Relative amount of fish used as food by tribe
Swans, Olor spp.
Canada goose, Branta canadensis
Mallard duck, Amas platyrhynchos
Turkey, Meleagris gallopavo
Harpoon for hunting sea mammals
Devices used to direct or restrict land mammal movement
Pitfalls for snaring land mammals
Deadfalls for snaring land mammals
Fish nets and seines
Fish weirs and traps
Fish spears
Fish harpoons
Containers for gathering seeds
Kinds of digging sticks
Poles, tongs, cutters for gathering wild plants
Maize cultivated at time of first contact with Europeans
Irrigation of cultivated plants
Sticklike farming tools
Method of boiling food
Acorn preparation
Stone food mortars
Wooden food mortars
Milling stones
Method of drying meat
Seed-parching instruments
Salt (sodium chloride) added to food
Dominant boat types: those most frequent or preferred
Dominant house type: the type preferred for winter dwelling
Conical or subconical dwellings
House-covering made of hide and thatch
House-covering made of bark or mats
House-covering or exterior made of stone or earth materials
House floor-level and entrance
Headgear of woven plant materials
Headgear made of hide or fur
Robes or capes made of fur
Robes or capes made of buckskin or of strips of small furs fastened together but not sewn together
Robes or capes made of wool, hair or feathers
Robes or capes made of plant materials
Shirts and Dresses
Breechclout
Skirt or kilt made of animal materials
Skirt or kilt made of plant materials
Material used for apron
Position of apron
Moccasins
Sandals
Mittens and Muffs
Basketry weaves
Weaving devices
Agricultural and horticultural production
Agricultural products and incipient horticulture done not for food
Agricultural products grown for food
Agricultural products grown for beverages
External sources of agricultural products for food
External sources of agricultural products for beverages
Probable percentage of diet contributed by agricultural foodstuffs acquired locally
Probable percentage of diet contributed by agricultural foodstuffs acquired extralocally
External sources of agricultural products used as nonfood or for beverages
Animal husbandry--before contact with Europeans
Local "fishing"--procurement of all types of aquatic animals (shellfish, aquatic mammals, and fish)
Predominant aquatic animal extracted
Percentage of diet contributed by aquatic animals
External sources of aquatic animals
Percentage of diet contributed by external aquatic animals
Local hunting--procurement of all types of game (fowl, large mammals, etc.)
Predominant types of animals for which groups hunt
Probable percentage of diet contributed by procuring (hunting) large game, small animals, and fowl locally
External sources of game, small animals, or fowl
Probable percentage of diet contributed by large game, small
Local gathering--all food sources (nuts, seeds, berries, and roots)
Predominant types of foods gathered
External sources of roots, nuts, seeds, berries, fruit, tubers, or leaves, etc.
Probable percentage of diet contributed by roots, seeds, berries, nuts. leaves, tubers, etc. procured extralocally
Probable percentage of diet contributed by roots, seeds, berries, nuts. leaves, tubers, etc. procured locally
Dominant land-transportation of food or other goods
Dominant water-transportation of food or other goods
General availability of local subsistence resources
Major storage place for food: the place most preferred or frequently used
Maximum length of time food is stored
Weaving of nets, baskets, or mats
Specialized weaving of nets, baskets, or mats
Production task-groups for weaving of nets, baskets, or mats
Weaving of cotton-wool-hair into garments
Specialized weaving of cotton, wool, or hair into garments
Task-groups weave cotton-wool-hair into garments
Leather-hide-working: dressing skins locally
Specialized hide-working
Production task-groups in leather-hide-working
Pottery manufacture
Specialized pottery manufacture
Production task-groups for pottery
Boat building: all types of watercraft
Specialization of boat building for all types of watercraft
Production task-groups in boat building
House construction: dominant types or types in which people
Specialization in house construction
Production task-groups in house construction
Specialization in gathering
Role of children and the aged in gathering
Production task-groups in gathering
Role of children and the aged in hunting
Specialization in hunting
Production task-groups in hunting
Division of labor of fishing: all forms of animal extraction from water, including true fishing, capturing of sea-mammals, and shellfishing
Role of children and the aged in fishing
Production task-groups in fishing
Specialization in fishing
Role of children and the aged in agriculture
Specialization in agriculture
Production task-groups in agriculture
Division of labor of agriculture
Reciprocity distribution of food and chattels within a society (intracommunity or local residence group)
Redistribution of food and chattels within a society (intracommunity or local residence group)
Sharing of access to local food resources as a form of distribution within the society (intracommunity or local residence group)
Ceremonialism or etiquette in intracommunity reciprocity of food and/or chattels
Ceremonialism or etiquette in intracommunity redistribution of food and/or chattels
Ceremonialism or etiquette in intracommunity use of privately owned food resources and/or chattels
Reciprocity distribution of food and chattels between (or among) societies (intercommunity or extralocal residence-group reciprocity)
Redistribution of chattels and food within a society between (or among) societies (intercommunity or extralocal residence-group redistribution)
Sharing of access to local food resources as a form of distribution between (or among) societies (intercommunity or extralocal residence-group redistribution)
Ceremonialism or etiquette in intercommunity reciprocity of food and/or chattels
Ceremonialism or etiquette in intercommunity redistribution of food and/or chattels
Ceremonialism or etiquette in intercommunity use of privately owned food resources and/or chattels
Barter or trade within communities for food and/or chattels (intracommunity or local residence-group)
Gift exchange within communities for food and/or chattels (intracommunity or local residence-group)
Barter or trade between (or among) communities for food and/or chattels (intercommunity or extralocal residence-groups)
Agents of barter or trade between communities (intercommunity or extralocal residence-groups)
Gift exchange between (or among) communities for food and/or chattels (intercommunity or extralocal residence-groups)
Ownership of key gathering sites, i.e., root grounds, berry bushes, seed grounds, cacti, wild trees, etc.
Ownership of key hunting sites, i.e., deadfalls, deer runs, sites for catching eagles, fowl nesting areas, game tracts, etc.
Ownership of key fishing and other aquatic animal extraction-sites (including all forms of animal extraction from water, tidewater flats, sections of river banks, or from weirs and impounds
Ownership of farming sites, including cultivated trees, but not tobacco plots
Ownership of house
Ownership of men's chattels (movable property such as canoes, blankets, bows, knives, slaves, etc.)
Ownership of women's chattels (movable property such as coppers, blankets, clothes, tools, etc.)
Ownership of common property following divorce
Inheritance of gathering sites
Inheritance of hunting sites
Inheritance of fishing and other aquatic animal extraction sites
Inheritance of farming sites
Inheritance of houses
Inheritance of men's chattels
Inheritance of women's chattels
Fixity of settlement
Compactness of settlement
Size of the community population (the size of the typical community in the focal area)
Density of community organization
Population density within territory controlled by community
Community structure
Community segmentation
Intracommunity residence pattern
Community integration
Estimated incidence of polygamy, or plural marriage (all forms of polygamy, polygyny, and polyandry)
Dominant form of polygamy
Secondary marriage
First-cousin marriage is approved (or dominant, or preferred, or prescribed)
Second-cousin marriage is approved (or dominant, or preferred, or prescribed)
Nonlateral marriage is approved (or dominant, or preferred, or prescribed)
Special marriages other than cousin marriages
Community marriages patterns: the prevalence of local exogamy, endogamy, or agamy
Exchange of gifts (goods and services) between relatives of the bride and groom at marriage: initial exchanges made prior to and through the nuptial rite
Exchange of gifts (goods and services) between relatives of the bride and groom after the nuptial rite
Bride service, in which a man performs services for his bride's(or prospective bride's) family (usually as options to other forms of marriage obligations)
Forms of the family which are predominant in the society (these family units do not necessarily co-reside)
Forms of the family which occur often, but which do not predominate
Dominant family household forms, or co-residential units (not necessarily under same roof) which tend to share some domestic functions, such as distribution of food, child rearing and training, preparation of meals, etc.
Dominant form of postnuptial household residence
Secondary form or modal form of postnuptial household residence where no form represents 50% of all practices, or where the secondary form occurs frequently, but does not dominate
Initial temporary form of postnuptial household residence
Forms of descent probably observed
Forms of kinship units
Stipulated descent units, bilateral or unilineal
Kinship units beyond sibs, septs and clans
Location of dominant postnuptial residence with regard to demonstrated kinship units--bilateral or unilineal
Localization of demonstrated kinship units
Localization of stipulated kinship units
Relationships within the demonstrated kinship unit
Relationships within the stipulated kinship unit
Activities of the demonstrated kinship unit
Activities of the stipulated kinship unit
Activities of moieties and phratries
Relationships between demonstrated kinship units
Relationships between stipulated kinship units
Ownership of corporeal property by demonstrated kinship units
Ownership of corporeal property by stipulated kinship units
Ownership of incorporeal property by demonstrated kinship units
Ownership of incorporeal property by stipulated kinship units
Kinship terms for grandparents
Kinship terms for grandchildren
Kinship terms for uncles
Kinship terms for aunts
Kinship terms for siblings
Kinship terms for cross-cousins and parallel cousins
Type and complexity of political leadership in the focal local community
Mode of succession to political leadership within the focal or typical local community
Government and territory
Political organization and common defense
Political organization and the distribution of food in times of scarcity
Political organization and the allocation of access to important means for producing sustenance
Political organization and the allocation of civic duties such as labor or military conscription
Political organization and the formation of alliances with other groups (extralocal communities)
Political organization and the punishment of crimes
Nature of tribal sodalities
Restricted sodalities
Sex-dominance of restricted sodalities
Functions of restricted sodalities
Restricted sodality: Participants and spectators
Objects of restricted sodality functions
Clubs and age-classes
Club and age-class membership
Duels between members of the same society
Feuds within the local community or extralocal organization
Raids motivated by desire for economic booty such as hides, pottery, food, etc.
Raids motivated by desire for women (wife-stealing)
Raids motivated by desire for slaves (separate from wife-stealing)
Raids motivated by desire for prestige
Raids motivated by desire to fulfill visions or dream instructions
Raids motivated by desire to avenge the death of a warrior
Raids motivated by the desire to avenge poaching
Incidence of raiding
Incidence of defense against raiding
Presence of buffer zones
Incidence of warfare
Motives for engaging in warfare
Permanent military organizations
Special fighting regalia
Public ceremonies associated with warfare or raids
Major public ceremonies performed for people other than members of religious sodalities and the like
Attendance at largest public ceremony
Dominant sacred or profane nature of major public ceremonies
Reasons for performing public ceremonies of all kinds (according to the sponsors)
Gift-giving at public ceremonies
Quality or amount of gifts given at public ceremony if gifts are given by hosts to guests
Sponsorship and performance of all public ceremonies
Private ceremonies performed by restricted sodalities or the like
Parturition seclusion
Parturition position, A
Parturition position, B
Twins
Most frequent ritual number associated with birth
Cradles, A
Cradles, B
Names bestowed on individuals: nicknames or common names of address, plus special names bestowed on individuals
Time of bestowal of name(s) on a person
By whom the most important name of a person is bestowed
Feast or public ceremony at most important naming event
Private ceremony accompanying the most important naming event
Girls' puberty rites or female initiations near puberty: Place of seclusion, A
Girls' puberty rites or female initiations near puberty: Place of seclusion, B
Most frequent ritual number associated with girls' puberty rites
Girls' puberty rites or female initiations near puberty: Running
Girls' puberty rites or female initiations near puberty: Drink taboos
Girls' puberty rites or female initiations near puberty: Food taboos
Girls' puberty rites or female initiations near puberty: Posture in seclusion
Girls' puberty rites or female initiations near puberty: Bathing
Girls' puberty rites or female initiations near puberty: Dancing at public ceremony
Girls' puberty rites or female initiations near puberty: Repetition of public ceremony
Girls' puberty rites or female initiations near puberty: Private ceremony
Dominant containers for corpse or cremation remains
Dominant forms of corpse disposal
Burial position of corpse
Removal of dying person or corpse from house
Relation of death to house
Treatment of dominant house type after death
Sacrifice at death
Periodic mourning ceremony, distinct from funeral, at later date
Spirit quest by individual males: not associated with sodality initiations or group rites
Spirit quest by individual females: not associated with sodality initiations or group rites
Age of first spirit quest made by males
Datura (Jimsonweed) taken by novices seeking spirit helpers or dreams
Spirit quest or confirmations in sodality initiations or other group rites involving persons other than the novice
Differences between shamans' and laymen's spirit quests
Differences between shamans' and laymen's spirit and power possession
Sex of shamans
Spirit impersonation with mask or disguise
Snake-handling by shamans
Possessional shamanism (including trances)
Shamans' reputations for miraculous powers for curing, controlling weather, etc.
Local and extralocal requests for shamans' services
Illness caused by foreign intrusion
Illness caused by loss of spiritual entity
Actions which cause soul-loss
Causes of foreign spirit or object intrusion
Agents who cause soul- or spirit-loss
White imitative magic used to bring good health, or kill animals, or insure good crops, or the like
Black imitative magic used to harm humans
Performers of imitative magic
White contagious or formulaic magic for good purposes
Performers of contagious or formulaic magic
Charms or magic to make persons reckless in gambling, or to make person successful in gambling
Charms or magical techniques to make persons receptive to love
In-law avoidance
Kinship terms for nieces-nephews (male speaking)
Slavery
Motives for slaving
Status of slaves
Language phylum membership
WiMo Avoidance
HuMo Avoidance
HuFa Avoidance
WiFa Avoidance
BIOCLIM: Mean altitude within 20 km radius (m)
Classification into Old World or New World. Used for calculation of linguistic proximity matrix.
ISO 639-3 language code, used on Ethnologue (http://www.ethnologue.com/)
Language name, from Ethnologue (http://www.ethnologue.com/)
Language phylogenetic classification, from Ethnologue (http://www.ethnologue.com/)
BIOCLIM: Altitude (m)
BIOCLIM: Altitude (m)
BIOCLIM: Altitude (m)
BIOCLIM: Standard deviation of altitude within 20 km radius (m)
BIOCLIM: Annual Mean Temperature (dgC*10)
BIOCLIM: Annual Mean Temperature (dgC*10)
BIOCLIM: Annual Mean Temperature (dgC*10)
BIOCLIM: Mean Diurnal Range (Mean of monthly (max temp - min temp)) (dgC*10)
BIOCLIM: Mean Diurnal Range (Mean of monthly (max temp - min temp)) (dgC*10)
BIOCLIM: Mean Diurnal Range (Mean of monthly (max temp - min temp)) (dgC*10)
BIOCLIM: Isothermality (bio_2/bio_7) (* 100)
BIOCLIM: Isothermality (bio_2/bio_7) (* 100)
BIOCLIM: Isothermality (bio_2/bio_7) (* 100)
BIOCLIM: Temperature Seasonality (standard deviation *100)
BIOCLIM: Temperature Seasonality (standard deviation *100)
BIOCLIM: Temperature Seasonality (standard deviation *100)
BIOCLIM: Max Temperature of Warmest Month (dgC*10)
BIOCLIM: Max Temperature of Warmest Month (dgC*10)
BIOCLIM: Max Temperature of Warmest Month (dgC*10)
BIOCLIM: Min Temperature of Coldest Month (dgC*10)
BIOCLIM: Min Temperature of Coldest Month (dgC*10)
BIOCLIM: Min Temperature of Coldest Month (dgC*10)
BIOCLIM: Temperature Annual Range (bio_5-bio_6) (dgC*10)
BIOCLIM: Temperature Annual Range (bio_5-bio_6) (dgC*10)
BIOCLIM: Temperature Annual Range (bio_5-bio_6) (dgC*10)
BIOCLIM: Mean Temperature of Wettest Quarter (dgC*10)
BIOCLIM: Mean Temperature of Wettest Quarter (dgC*10)
BIOCLIM: Mean Temperature of Wettest Quarter (dgC*10)
BIOCLIM: Mean Temperature of Driest Quarter (dgC*10)
BIOCLIM: Mean Temperature of Driest Quarter (dgC*10)
BIOCLIM: Mean Temperature of Driest Quarter (dgC*10)
BIOCLIM: Mean Temperature of Warmest Quarter (dgC*10)
BIOCLIM: Mean Temperature of Warmest Quarter (dgC*10)
BIOCLIM: Mean Temperature of Warmest Quarter (dgC*10)
BIOCLIM: Mean Temperature of Coldest Quarter (dgC*10)
BIOCLIM: Mean Temperature of Coldest Quarter (dgC*10)
BIOCLIM: Mean Temperature of Coldest Quarter (dgC*10)
BIOCLIM: Annual Precipitation (mm)
BIOCLIM: Annual Precipitation (mm)
BIOCLIM: Annual Precipitation (mm)
BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Wettest Month (mm)
BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Wettest Month (mm)
BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Wettest Month (mm)
BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Driest Month (mm)
BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Driest Month (mm)
BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Driest Month (mm)
BIOCLIM: Precipitation Seasonality (Coefficient of Variation)
BIOCLIM: Precipitation Seasonality (Coefficient of Variation)
BIOCLIM: Precipitation Seasonality (Coefficient of Variation)
BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Wettest Quarter (mm)
BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Wettest Quarter (mm)
BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Wettest Quarter (mm)
BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Driest Quarter (mm)
BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Driest Quarter (mm)
BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Driest Quarter (mm)
BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Warmest Quarter (mm)
BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Warmest Quarter (mm)
BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Warmest Quarter (mm)
BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Coldest Quarter (mm)
BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Coldest Quarter (mm)
BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Coldest Quarter (mm)
Mean Net Primary Production within 50 km radius. (scaled) (Imhoff et al. 2004)
Longitude (decimal degrees)--rectified
Latitude (decimal degrees)--rectified
WWF ecoregion. (Olson et al. 2001)
WWF major habitat type. (Olson et al. 2001)
Koeppen-Geiger climate classification code. (Kottek et al. 2006)
Koeppen-Geiger code description. (Kottek et al. 2006)
ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country codes (GADM-2 data from http://www.gadm.org/)
Name of Country (GADM-2 data from http://www.gadm.org/)
Name of first subnational administrative level (GADM-2 data from http://www.gadm.org/)
Hierarchical administrative subdivision code--level 1 (GADM-2 data from http://www.gadm.org/)
Name of second subnational administrative level (GADM-2 data from http://www.gadm.org/)
Hierarchical administrative subdivision code--level 2 (GADM-2 data from http://www.gadm.org/)
Name of third subnational administrative level (GADM-2 data from http://www.gadm.org/)
Continent
Major sub-continental geographic region
Data quality flag 1
No additional soil properties (not gelic, petric, or vertic)
Gelic properties refer to soils having permafrost within 200 cm from the soil surface.
Petric properties refer to strongly cemented or indurated layer starting within 100 cm from the soil surface.
Vertic properties refer to cracks of more than 1 cm wide occurring in the upper part of the soil.
Data quality flag 2
Percent of soil in soil texture category 1, where 1 is finest soil and 13 is the coarsest.
Percent of soil in soil texture category 2, where 1 is finest soil and 13 is the coarsest.
Percent of soil in soil texture category 3, where 1 is finest soil and 13 is the coarsest.
Percent of soil in soil texture category 4, where 1 is finest soil and 13 is the coarsest.
Percent of soil in soil texture category 5, where 1 is finest soil and 13 is the coarsest.
Percent of soil in soil texture category 7, where 1 is finest soil and 13 is the coarsest.
Percent of soil in soil texture category 8, where 1 is finest soil and 13 is the coarsest.
Percent of soil in soil texture category 9, where 1 is finest soil and 13 is the coarsest.
Percent of soil in soil texture category 10, where 1 is finest soil and 13 is the coarsest.
Percent of soil in soil texture category 11, where 1 is finest soil and 13 is the coarsest.
Percent of soil in soil texture category 12, where 1 is finest soil and 13 is the coarsest.
Percent of soil in soil texture category 13, where 1 is finest soil and 13 is the coarsest.
Data quality flag 3
Proportion of sampled area that is soil
Texture of topsoil (higher values coarser texture)
Drainage of soil (higher values better drainage)
Available Water storage Capacity (higher values less water storage capacity)
Percent of topsoil consisting of gravel
Percent of topsoil consisting of sand
Percent of topsoil consisting of silt
Percent of topsoil consisting of clay
Measure of topsoil texture (higher values coarser texture)
Bulk density = topsoil mass/topsoil volume. Calculations based on texture only.
Bulk density = topsoil mass/topsoil volume. Calculations based on texture, organic matter content, and porosity.
Percentage of organic carbon in topsoil.
pH of topsoil.
Cation exchange capacity of the clay fraction in topsoil.
Cation exchange capacity in topsoil.
Base saturation in topsoil.
Total exchangable bases in topsoil.
Calcium carbonate (lime) content in topsoil.
Calcium sulphate (gypsum) content in topsoil
Exchangeable sodium percentage in the topsoil
Electrical conductivity of topsoil
Percent of subsoil consisting of gravel
Percent of subsoil consisting of sand
Percent of subsoil consisting of silt
Percent of subsoil consisting of clay
Measure of subsoil texture (higher values coarser texture)
Bulk density = subsoil mass/subsoil volume. Calculations based on texture only.
Bulk density = subsoil mass/subsoil volume. Calculations based on texture, organic matter content, and porosity.
Percentage of organic carbon in subsoil.
pH of subsoil.
Cation exchange capacity of the clay fraction in subsoil.
Cation exchange capacity in subsoil.
Base saturation in subsoil.
Total exchangable bases in subsoil.
Calcium carbonate (lime) content in subsoil.
Calcium sulphate (gypsum) content in subsoil
Exchangeable sodium percentage in the subsoil
Electrical conductivity of subsoil
Symbol for HWSD spatially dominant major soil group.
Name of HWSD spatially dominant major soil group.
Nutrient availability
Nutrient retention capacity
Rooting conditions
Oxygen availability to roots
Excess salts.
Toxicity
Workability (constraining field management)
Distance to the coast line in km based on GSHHS
Distance to the coast line in km based on GSHHS
Long-term MODIS-estimated Evapotranspiration (MOD16) (mm/year)
Long-term MODIS-estimated Evapotranspiration (MOD16) (mm/year)
Land cover type 1 (IGBP) for year 2012
Land cover type 1 (IGBP) for year 2012
SAGA GIS Topographic wetness index
SAGA GIS Topographic wetness index
Physiographic landform units Level 3 (SCALA project)
Physiographic landform units Level 3 (SCALA project)
Physiographic landform units Level 3 (SCALA project)
SAGA GIS Topopgraphic Openess Index
SAGA GIS Topopgraphic Openess Index
Geological ages based on the surface geology
Geological ages based on the surface geology
Geological ages based on the surface geology
Global Land Cover map for the year 2000 (GLC2000)
Global Land Cover map for the year 2000 (GLC2000)
Global Land Cover map for the year 2000 (GLC2000)
Mean potential incoming solar radiation (8-day average) derived in SAGA GIS
Mean potential incoming solar radiation (8-day average) derived in SAGA GIS
Standard deviation of the potential incoming solar radiation derived in SAGA GIS
Standard deviation of the potential incoming solar radiation derived in SAGA GIS
Mean value of the monthly MODIS EVI time series data
Mean value of the monthly MODIS EVI time series data
Mean value of the monthly MODIS EVI time series data
Mean value of the monthly MODIS EVI time series data
Average Annual Total Precipitation
Average Annual Total Precipitation
Average Annual Relative Humidity
Average Annual Relative Humidity
The total volume of water running over the surface in a year-averaged over the gridcell.
The total volume of water running over the surface in a year-averaged over the gridcell.
Evapotranspiration
Evapotranspiration
Growing Degree Days
Growing Degree Days
Net Primary Productivity
Net Primary Productivity
Potential evapotranspiration
Potential evapotranspiration
Potential Vegetation
Potential Vegetation
Potential Vegetation
Snow depth
Snow depth
Soil Moisture
Soil Moisture
Suitability for agriculture
Suitability for agriculture
Ethnographic Atlas ID number, if society is in the EA
Binford foragers ID number, if society is in the LRB
Standard Cross Cultural Sample ID number, if society is in the SCCS
Western North American Indian ID number, if society is in the WNAI
XC ID number, if society is in the XC
Atlas of World Cultures ID number
Ethnographic Atlas society name