Codebook for
Murdock-White Standard Cross-Cultural Sample.
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Murdock, G. P, and D. R White. 1969. Standard Cross-cultural Sample.
Ethnology 8 (4): 329-369.
ord. SCCS number
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=186
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean 93.5
min 1
max 186
sd 53.838
socname. SCCS society name
Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=186
First six non-missing records:
society socname
Nama Nama Hottentot
Kung Kung Bushmen
Thonga Thonga
Lozi Lozi
Mbundu Mbundu
Suku Suku
focus. specific ethnographic focus for each society
Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=166
First six non-missing records:
society focus
Nama GeiKhauan tribe
Kung Nyai Nyae region
Thonga Ronga subtribe
Lozi Ruling Luyana
Mbundu Bailundo subtribe
Suku Feshi territory lineage center
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: White, Douglas R. 2013. List of SCCS societies and eHraf/Hraf Files.
(Summaries and Codes)
http://eclectic.ss.uci.edu/~drwhite/worldcul/Sccs34b.htm
hraf. HRAF code
Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=136; Number of unique
values=136
First six non-missing records:
society hraf
Nama FX13
Kung FX10
Thonga FT06
Lozi FQ09
Mbundu FP13
Bemba FQ05
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: G. P. Murdock and Diana O. Morrow. 1970. Subsistence Economy and Supportive
Practices: Cross-Cultural Codes 1. Ethnology 9:302-330.
v1. Intercommunity Trade as Food Source
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
7 1 No
Trade
51 2 Food
Imports absent although trade present
4 3 Salt
or Minerals only
81 4 <
10 pct of food (90 pct form local extractive sources)
38 5 <
50 pct of food, and less than any single local source
2 7 >
50 pct of food
3 NA NA
v2. Food Import Acquisition
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=124; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
49 1 Direct
individual exchanges
10 2 Indirect
individual exchanges
28 3 Local
markets
34 4 Middlemen
3 5 Three
or four of above
62 NA NA
v3. Agriculture- Contribution to Local Food Supply
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
35 1 None
3 2 Non-food
Crops
17 3 <
10 pct
12 4 <
50 pct , and less than any other single source, incl. trade
42 5 <
50 pct , and more than any other single source, incl. trade
77 6 Primarily
agricultural
v4. Crops- Principal
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=150; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
2 1 Non-food
14 3 Tree
or Vine
38 4 Roots
96 5 Cereals
36 NA NA
v5. Animal Husbandry- Contribution to Food Supply
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
8 1 None
41 2 Present,
not food source
67 3 <
10 pct food supply
33 4 <
50 pct - chiefly meat
21 5 <
50 pct - chiefly dairy
16 7 >
50 pct
v6. Animals- Domesticated
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=178; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
54 1 Small
Species, e.g. Bees, Cats, Dogs, Fowl
34 2 Pigs
23 3 Ovides
14 4 Equines
3 5 Reindeer
4 6 Camels
46 7 Bovines
8 NA NA
v7. Fishing- Contribution to Food Supply
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=184; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
27 1 None
79 2 <
10 pct food supply
55 3 <
50 pct , and less than any other single source, incl. trade
10 4 <
50 pct , and more than any other single source, incl. trade
13 5 >
50 pct
2 NA NA
v8. Fish
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=157; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
6 1 Shellfish
122 2 True
fish
1 3 Large
aquatic animals
28 4 Two
or more of above
29 NA NA
v9. Hunting- Contribution to Food Supply
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
18 1 None
2 2 Not
food source
86 3 <
10 pct food supply
61 4 <
50 pct , and less than any other single source, incl. trade
8 5 <
50 pct , and more than any other single source, incl. trade
7 6 >
50 pct
4 NA NA
v10. Animals Hunted
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=163; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
18 1 Birds
or Waterfowl
35 2 Small
Mammals
65 3 Large
Game
45 4 Two
or more of above
23 NA NA
v11. Gathering- Contribution to Food Supply
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
15 1 None
117 2 <
10 pct food supply
40 3 <
50 pct , and less than any other single source, incl. trade
7 4 <
50 pct , and more than any other single source, incl. trade
3 5 >
50 pct
4 NA NA
v12. Gathered Foods
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=165; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
18 1 Wild
Animal products
15 2 Wild
Herbs, Leaves, Blossoms
7 3 Tree
Pith, e.g., Sago
11 4 Wild
Roots or Tubers
54 5 Wild
Fruit, seeds, nuts, berries
60 6 Two
or more of the above
21 NA NA
v13. Land Transport (Especially regarding Food Transport)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
108 1 Human
Carriers, incl. tumpline
41 2 Pack
Animals
13 3 Draft
Animals (sleds, travois)
12 4 Animal
Drawn Wheeled vehicles
11 5 Motorized
vehicles
1 NA NA
v14. Routes of Land Transport
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=181; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
124 1 Unimproved
Trails
26 2 Improved
Trails, for porters or animal carriers
22 3 Unpaved
Roads, for wheeled vehicles
9 4 Paved
Roads
5 NA NA
v15. Water Transport
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=181; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
20 1 None,
but feasible
56 2 Not
feasible
10 3 Floats
or rafts
73 4 Human
powered craft
20 5 Sail
powered craft
2 6 Motorized
craft
5 NA NA
v16. Water Craft
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
76 0 None
50 1 Small,
for <10 people or load equivalent
31 2 Medium,
for >10 people or load equivalent
14 3 Large,
for >40 people or load equivalent
15 NA NA
v17. Money (Media of Exchange) and Credit
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=5
Freq Value Description
77 1 No
media of exchange or money
12 2 Domestically
usable articles as media of exchange
26 3 Tokens
of conventional value as media of exchange
42 4 Foreign
coinage or paper currency
26 5 Indigenous
coinage or paper currency
3 NA NA
v18. Credit Source
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
113 1 Personal
loans between friends or relatives
26 2 Internal
money lending specialists
23 3 External
money lending specialists
7 4 Banks
or comparable institutions
17 NA NA
v19. Preservation and Storage of Food
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=12
Freq Value Description
31 1 Year-round
food supply, none
29 2 Year-round
food supply, simple
14 3 Year-round
food supply, complex
8 4 Daily
variation, none
2 5 Daily
variation, simple
24 7 Seasonal
variation, barely adequate
46 8 Seasonal
variation, adequate (8)
16 9 Seasonal
variation, adequate (9)
6 10 Annual
variation, barely adequate
5 11 Annual
variation, adequate (11)
3 12 Annual
variation, adequate (12)
2 13 Imported
food, barely adequate
v20. Food Storage
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
36 1 None
129 2 Individual
households
7 3 Communal
facilities
3 4 Political
agent controlled repositories
7 5 Economic
agent controlled repositories
4 NA NA
v21. Food Surplus via Storage
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
69 1 None
or barely adequate
84 2 Simple
or adequate
33 3 Complex
or More than adequate
v22. Food Supply (Ecological or Distribution Network)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
74 1 Year-round
food supply locally
10 2 Daily
variation in food supply
86 3 Seasonal
variation
14 4 Annual
variation
2 5 Imported
food supply
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Herbert Barry III and Leonora M. Paxson. 1971. Infancy and Early
Childhood: Cross-Cultural Codes 2. Ethnology 10:466-508.
Vars. 23- 60 infancy & early childhood Variables 23-32 deal with infancy
only, from the first year until the transition to early childhood (see 38-39,
42, 44), usually at 12-18 months.The early and late infancy periods of
variables 24-27 refer to the first few months after birth versus the period
after crawling begins,usually around 9 months. Variables 33-38 include both
infancy and early childhood, the latter usually to the age of 4-5 years.
Variables 39-50 deal with the transition to childhood, around 12-18
months.Variables 51-60 provide a comparison of infancy and childhood.
v23. Sleeping Proximity of Parents to Infant
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=173; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
12 2 Mo
same room (not bed) as infant, Fa different room
30 4 Mo
same room (not bed) as infant, Fa different bed
55 5 Mo,
Fa same room as infant, beds not specified
24 6 Mo
same bed as infant, Fa different room
5 7 Mo
same bed as infant, Fa not specified
24 8 Mo
same bed as infant, Fa same room
23 9 Mo
and Fa in same bed as infant
13 NA NA
v24. Bodily Restrictiveness - Early Infancy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=131; Number of unique values=5
Freq Value Description
42 1 None
except in emergency
1 2 Loose
confinement - Tether or playpen
21 3 Limited
space - Bed or hammock
41 4 Movement
limited - Swaddling, heavy blankets
26 5 Often
Bound - Cradle Board
55 NA NA
v25. Bodily Restrictiveness - Later Infancy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=123; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
61 1 None
except in emergency
8 2 Loose
confinement - Tether or playpen
14 3 Limited
space - Bed or hammock
23 4 Movement
limited - Swaddling, heavy blankets
17 5 Often
Bound - Cradle Board
63 NA NA
v26. Bodily Contact - Early Infancy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=121; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
3 1 Limited
to routine and precautionary care
16 2 Occasionally
33 3 Up
to 1/2 time
49 4 >
1/2 time
20 5 Almost
Constantly
65 NA NA
v27. Bodily Contact - Late Infancy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=117; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
3 1 Limited
to routine and precautionary care
15 2 Occasionally
41 3 Up
to 1/2 time
43 4 >
1/2 time
15 5 Almost
Constantly
69 NA NA
v28. Infant Carrying Devices
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=156; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
22 1 None,
skin contact
22 2 None,
clothing or blanket
75 3 Sling
or Pouch
9 4 Basket
28 5 Rigid
Cradleboard
30 NA NA
v29. Infant Carrying Position
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=156; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
91 1 Back
54 2 Side
10 3 Front
1 4 Other
30 NA NA
v30. Infant Eye Contact with Carrier
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=142; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
26 1 Away
from carrier
116 2 Toward
carrier
44 NA NA
v31. Infant Crying- Response
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=103; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
3 1 Indifferent
or punitive
3 2 Slow
or perfunctory, nurturant
19 3 Speedy
but inconsistently nurturant
67 4 Generally
speedy, nurturant
11 5 Always
speedy, nurturant
83 NA NA
v32. Infant Crying- Amount
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=47; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
16 1 Very
Infrequent and brief
10 2 Infrequent
and short
9 3 Infrequent
and prolonged
11 4 Frequent
and short
1 5 Frequent
and prolonged
139 NA NA
v33. Childhood Pain Infliction
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=148; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
17 1 Absent
37 2 Only
neonatally or very mild pain
63 3 Occasional
mild pain
25 4 Frequent
mild pain or infrequent severe pain
6 5 Frequent
pain
38 NA NA
v34. Post - Partum Sex Taboo
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=134; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
2 1 Intercourse
expected soon after birth
7 2 None
29 3 1
month or less
42 4 6
months or less
12 5 1
year or less
20 6 2
years or less
22 7 >
2 years
52 NA NA
v35. Ceremonialism Surrounding Child, beyond Nuclear Family
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=179; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
20 1 None
73 2 Only
within first 2 months
56 3 One
occasion at later age
20 4 Two
or more ceremonies
10 5 Prominent
7 NA NA
v36. Magical Protectiveness Applied to Parents and Child
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=178; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
8 1 None
22 2 Only
neonatal period, e.g., couvade
76 3 Slight,
neonatally and later
66 4 Moderate,
neonatally and later
6 5 Exaggerated,
neonatally and later
8 NA NA
v37. Physical Protectiveness against Childhood Illness
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=166; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
1 1 No
special effort
43 2 Slight
79 3 Moderate,
e.g., regular baths
39 4 Some
exceptional techniques, e.g., medicines, ointments, diapers
4 5 Variety
of exceptional techniques
20 NA NA
v38. Introduction of New Foods (Other than Milk) in Childhood
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=91; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
33 1 Before
1 month
27 2 1-6
months
11 3 7-12
months, including solids
6 4 7-12
months, only liquids or premasticated
14 5 After
12 months
95 NA NA
v39. Weaning- Age and Severity
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=157; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
103 1 >
2 years and gentle
27 2 >
2 years and severe
17 3 >
1 year and gentle
5 4 >
1 year and severe
3 5 >
6 months and gentle
1 6 >
6 months and severe
1 7 <
6 months and gentle
29 NA NA
v40. Motor Skills- Encouragement in Childhood
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=77; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
2 1 Discourage
or punish early development
2 2 Ignore
development
22 3 No
active assistance, but attention given
42 4 Definite
but inconsistent rewards
9 5 Strong
Encouragement and assistance
109 NA NA
v41. Autonomy- Encouragement in Childhood
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
25 1 >
4 years and gradual
3 2 >
4 years and abrupt
54 3 2-4
years and gradual
23 4 2-4
years and abrupt, or < 2 years and gradual
81 NA NA
v42. Elimination- Encouragement of Control in Childhood
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=65; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
2 0 None
7 1 3-5
years
27 2 >
18 months
9 3 >
1 year
7 4 >
6 months
13 5 <
6 month
121 NA NA
v43. Covering Genitals- Age
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=147; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
11 0 Even
adults uncovered
85 1 Very
late
14 2 Late
2 3 >
1 year
1 4 <
6 months
34 5 After
birth
39 NA NA
v44. Weaning- Age of Onset
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=156; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
19 1 up
to 12 months
12 2 13
- 20 months
67 3 21
- 24
6 4 25
- 30
36 5 31
- 36
9 6 37
- 42
7 7 43
- 48
30 NA NA
v45. Weaning- Age of Termination
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=156; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
7 1 up
to 12 months
5 2 13
- 20
38 3 21
- 24
8 4 25
- 30
64 5 31
- 36
16 6 37
- 42
14 7 43
- 48
4 8 49
- 60
30 NA NA
v46. Weaning- Childhood Developmental Order of Onset
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=159; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
7 1 1st
in onset (among variables 46-50)
80 2 2nd
57 3 3rd
15 4 4th
27 NA NA
v47. Motor Skills- Childhood Developmental Order
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=176; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
121 1 1st
46 2 2nd
7 3 3rd
2 4 4th
10 NA NA
v48. Autonomy- Childhood Developmental Order
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=106; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
18 2 2nd
46 3 3rd
33 4 4th
9 5 5th
80 NA NA
v49. Elimination Control- Childhood Developmental Order
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=64; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
17 1 1st
31 2 2nd
10 3 3rd
5 4 4th
1 5 5th
122 NA NA
v50. Covering Genitals- Childhood Developmental Order
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=150; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
32 1 1st
9 2 2nd
34 3 3rd
45 4 4th
30 5 5th
36 NA NA
v51. Non-maternal Relationships, Infancy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
5 1 Almost
Exclusively Mother
81 2 Principally
Mother, others minor roles
63 3 Principally
Mother, others important roles
10 4 Mother
< 1/2 care
2 5 Mother
minor but significant
1 6 Mother
minimal except for nursing
24 NA NA
v52. Non-maternal Relationships, Early Childhood
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=136; Number of unique values=4
Freq Value Description
36 2 Principally
Mother, others important roles
60 3 Mother
< 1/2 care
38 4 Primarily
others
2 5 Exclusively
others
50 NA NA
v53. Role of Father, Infancy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=154; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
8 1 Distant
27 2 Rarely
close
72 3 Occasionally
close
44 4 Frequently
close
3 5 Regularly
close
32 NA NA
v54. Role of Father, Early Childhood
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=150; Number of unique values=5
Freq Value Description
4 1 Distant
18 2 Rarely
Close
46 3 Occasionally
Close
73 4 Frequently
Close
9 5 Regularly
Close
36 NA NA
v55. Principal Relationships, Infancy Caretakers and Companions
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=138; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
31 1 Children,
Females
4 2 Children,
unspecified
11 3 Children,
both sexes
60 4 Adult
Family, Females
14 6 Adult
Family, both sexe
17 7 Others,
Female
1 9 Others,
both sexes
48 NA NA
v56. Principal Relationships, Early Childhood Caretakers and Companions
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=141; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
10 1 Peer
Group, single sex
1 2 Peer
Group, unspecified
43 3 Peer
Group, both sexes
22 4 Older
Children, single sex
8 5 Older
Children, unspecified
22 6 Older
Children, both sexes
14 7 Adults,
single sex
21 9 Adults,
both sexes
45 NA NA
v57. General Indulgence, Infancy (Taking 51 and 52 into Account)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=119; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
1 1 Severe
or neglectful
8 2 Lesser
severity
19 3 Occasional
indulgence
80 4 Greater
11 5 Highly
affectionate
67 NA NA
v58. General Indulgence, Infancy- Modifiers of General Scale Types
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=119; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
36 1 Low
in category
34 2 Medium
in category
49 3 High
in category
67 NA NA
v59. General Indulgence, Early Childhood (Taking 51 and 52 into Account)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=132; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
2 1 Severe
24 2 Less
Severity
32 3 Occasional
Severity
64 4 Greater
Leniency
10 5 Consistently
Lenient
54 NA NA
v60. General Indulgence, Early Childhood- Modifiers of General Scale
Types
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=132; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
43 1 Low
in Category
44 2 Medium
in Category
45 3 High
in Category
54 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: George P. Murdock and Suzanne F. Wilson. 1972. Settlement Patterns and
Community Organization: Cross Cultural Codes 3. Ethnology 11:254-295.
v61. Fixity of Settlement
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
28 1 Migratory
21 2 Seminomadic-
fixed then migratory
6 3 Rotating
among 2+ fixed
14 4 Semisedentary-
fixed core, some migratory
15 5 Impermanent-
periodically moved
102 6 Permanent
v62. Compactness of Settlement
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
44 1 Compact
20 2 Dispersed
18 3 Spatially
separated subsettlements
104 4 Partially
dispersed with central core
v63. Community Size
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
28 1 <
50
28 2 50-99
45 3 100-199
32 4 200-399
29 5 400-999
15 6 1,000-4,999
5 7 5,000-49,999
3 8 >
50,000
1 NA NA
v64. Population Density (from Murdock and Wilson Data)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=184; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
36 1 <
1 person per 5 sq. mile
22 2 1
person per 1-5 sq. mile
25 3 1-5
persons per sq. mile
27 4 1-25
persons per sq. mile
34 5 26-100
persons per sq. mile
21 6 101-500
persons per sq. mile
19 7 over
500 persons per sq. mile
2 NA NA
v65. Types of Dwelling
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=14
Freq Value Description
13 1 Conical
2 2 Beehive
11 3 Dome
or hemispherical
5 4 Wedge-shape
roof
6 5 Semicylindrical
24 6 Cone-cylinder
49 7 Rectangular
on ground, vegetal material walls
18 8 Rectangular
on piles
17 9 Rectangular
on ground, mineral material walls
12 10 Flat
roofs
9 11 Caves
or rock shelters
9 12 Tents
8 13 Semisubterranean
3 14 Miscellaneous
v66. Large or Impressive Structures
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
96 1 None
24 2 Residences
of influential individuals
31 3 Secular
or public building(s)
27 4 Religious
or ceremonial building(s)
4 5 Military
structure(s)
4 6 Economic
or industrial building(s)
v67. Household Form
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
6 1 Large
communal structures
4 2 Multi-family
dwellings
87 3 Single
family dwellings
37 4 Family
homestead
24 5 Multi-dwelling
households, each with married pair
9 6 Multi-dwelling
households, husband rotates among wives
3 7 Mother-child
households, husbands separate
16 8 Multi-dwelling
households, each dwelling occupied by individual married man or woman
v68. Form of Family (See 79, 80)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=12
Freq Value Description
7 1 Monogamous,
no polygyny
42 2 Monogamous,
< 20 pct polygyny
26 3 Polygynous,
> 20 pct
2 4 Polyandrous
9 5 Stem
family, monogamy
7 6 Stem
family, < 20 pct polygyny
10 7 Small
extended, monogamy
30 8 Small
extended, < 20 pct polygyny
19 9 Small
extended, > 20 pct polygyny
5 10 Large
extended, monogamy
17 11 Large
extended, < 20 pct polygyny
12 12 Large
extended, > 20 pct polygyny
v69. Marital Residence
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
38 1 Matrilocal
or uxorilocal - with wifes kin
8 2 Avunculocal
- with husbands mothers brothers kin
118 3 Patrilocal
or virilocal - with husbands kin
12 4 Ambilocal
- with either wifes or husbands kin
9 5 Neolocal
- separate from kin
1 NA NA
v70. Descent - Membership in Corporate Kinship Groups
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
26 1 Matrilineal
- through female line
10 2 Double
descent - separate groups through male and female lines
75 3 Patrilineal
- through male line
6 4 Ambilineal
- through one parent in each generation
69 5 Bilateral
- not a corporate kin group
v71. Descent Groups, Location of Core Gender Group
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
69 0 None
- Bilateral
22 1 Localized
lineages - in community, more than one per community
6 2 Clan
communities - core group and spouses constitute community
89 3 Dispersed
sibs - core group dispersed in different communities
v72. Intercommunity Marriage
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
11 1 Local
endogamy 90-100 pct
50 2 Local
endogamy 61-89 pct (agamous)
51 3 Local
endogamy 40-60 pct (agamous)
38 4 Local
endogamy 11-39 pct (agamous)
35 5 Local
endogamy 0-10 pct (exogamy)
1 NA NA
v73. Community Integration
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
6 1 Lacking
or low compared to community segments or larger polity
26 2 By
common residence only
16 3 Common
Identity, dialect, subculture
78 4 Overlapping
Kin ties
8 5 Common
social or economic status
20 6 Common
political ties
32 7 Common
religious ties
v74. Prominent Community Ceremonials
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
67 1 Rites
of passage
69 2 Calendrical
36 3 Magical
or religious
14 4 Individual
sponsored and communally attended (e.g., potlatch)
v75. Ceremonial Elements
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
54 1 Feasting
and/or drinking
10 2 Exchanges
other than food
51 3 Entertainment
57 4 Sacrifice
other than human
13 5 Human
sacrifice
1 6 Masochistic
behavior
v76. Community Leadership
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
13 1 No
centralized local leadership
4 2 Higher
level only
53 3 Single
local leader
8 4 Dual/plural
headmen
72 5 Single
local leader and council
15 6 Local
councils
11 7 Single
local leader and subordinates
10 8 Too
complex to be coded
v77. Local Political Succession, Primary
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
17 1 No
headman or council
11 2 By
appointment
10 3 Seniority
2 4 Divination
37 5 Informal
consensus
22 6 Electoral
process
60 7 Patrilineal
14 8 Matrilineal
10 9 Hereditary
with personal qualifications
3 NA NA
v78. Local Political Succession, Secondary
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
123 0 No
auxiliary qualification
33 3 Seniority
22 5 Informal
consensus
3 6 Electoral
process
2 7 Patrilineal
3 NA NA
v79. Polygamy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
2 1 Polyandry
- primarily monogamous with some plural husbands
31 2 Monogamy
96 3 Polygyny
< 20 pct plural wives (if more frequent than polyandry)
57 4 Polygyny
> 20 pct plural wives (if more frequent than polyandry)
v80. Family Size
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
7 1 Nuclear
Monogamous
70 2 Nuclear
Polygynous
16 3 Stem
Family
59 4 Small
extended
34 5 Large
extended
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Arthur Tuden and Catherine Marshall.
1972. Political
Organization: Cross-Cultural Codes
4. Ethnology 11:436-464.
v81. Political Autonomy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=184; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
16 1 Dependent
totally
41 2 Semi-autonomous
4 3 Tribute
paid
78 4 De
facto autonomy
16 5 Equal
status in pluralistic society
29 6 Fully
autonomous
2 NA NA
v82. Trend in Autonomy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=184; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
54 1 Declining
autonomy
43 2 Declining
territory or population control
49 3 State
of equilibrium
22 4 State
of equilibrium, expanding territory
16 5 Increasing
autonomy
2 NA NA
v83. Levels of Sovereignty
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=184; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
98 1 Stateless
society
31 2 Sovereignty
1st hierarchical level up
14 3 Sovereignty
2nd hierarchical level up
41 4 Sovereignty
3rd or higher hierarchical level
2 NA NA
v84. Higher Political Organization
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
85 1 Absent
28 2 Peace
group
46 3 Alliances
7 4 Confederation
17 5 International
organization
3 NA NA
v85. Executive
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
98 1 Absent
7 2 Council
22 3 Executive
and Council
2 4 Plural
executive
54 5 Single
leader
3 NA NA
v86. Selection of Executive
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=179; Number of unique
values=12
Freq Value Description
98 1 Absent
21 2 Patrilineal,
Fa to So
3 3 Patrilineal,
Fa to FaBr, then to So
5 4 Matrilineal,
MoBr to SiSo
1 5 Matrilineal,
MoBr to MoBr
24 6 Ruling
family
1 7 Decision
by limited power group
12 8 Elected
by council
2 9 Informal
recognition
6 10 Formal
elections
5 11 Appointee
of alien society
1 12 Divination
7 NA NA
v87. Deliberative and Consultative Bodies
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=181; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
154 1 Absent
5 2 Aristocrats
5 3 Appointed
9 4 By
ethnic components
8 5 Elective
5 NA NA
v88. Advisory Bodies
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=181; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
98 1 Absence
of sovereignty
28 2 Absent
13 3 Relatives
of executive
2 4 Favorites
of executive
14 6 Subordinate
groups
3 7 Hereditary
23 8 Subordinate
functionaries
5 NA NA
v89. Judiciary
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
103 1 Absent
6 2 Not
local
49 3 Executive
23 4 Appointed
by executive
1 5 Priesthood
1 6 Hereditary
3 NA NA
v90. Police
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
124 1 Not
specialized
4 2 Incipient
specialization
4 3 Retainers
of chiefs
6 4 Military
42 5 Specialized
6 NA NA
v91. Administrative Hierarchy
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
98 1 Absent
7 2 Popular
Assemblies
8 3 Heads
of kin groups
38 4 Heads
of decentralized territorial divisions
31 5 Heads
of centralized territorial divisions
1 6 Part
of centralized system
3 NA NA
v92. Selection of Subordinate Officials
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=177; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
98 1 Absent
16 2 Patrilineal
succession
2 3 Matrilineal
succession
12 4 Ruling
lineage
2 5 Seniority
of age
4 6 Personal
qualities
10 7 Formal
election
33 8 Appointment
by executive
9 NA NA
v93. Political Power- Most Important Source
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
90 1 Direct
subsistence production
11 2 Warfare
wealth
3 3 Tribute
or taxes
13 4 Slaves
20 5 Contributions
of free citizens
12 6 Large
land-holdings
14 7 Political
office
6 8 Foreign
Commerce
11 9 Capitalistic
enterprises
3 10 Priestly
services
3 NA NA
v94. Political Power- Second Most Important Source
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
111 0 No
other source
5 2 Warfare
wealth
4 3 Tribute
or taxes
12 4 Slaves
7 5 Contributions
of free citizens
5 6 Large
land-holdings
8 7 Political
office
19 8 Foreign
Commerce
6 9 Capitalistic
enterprises
6 10 Priestly
services
3 NA NA
v95. Political Power- Third Most Important Source
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
142 0 No
other source
6 2 Warfare
wealth
1 3 Tribute
or taxes
4 4 Slaves
1 6 Large
land-holdings
14 7 Political
office
9 8 Foreign
Commerce
4 9 Capitalistic
enterprises
2 10 Priestly
services
3 NA NA
v96. Political Power- Fourth Most Important Source
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
167 0 No
other source
3 2 Warfare
wealth
1 3 Tribute
or taxes
1 4 Slaves
2 5 Contributions
of free citizens
6 7 Political
office
2 8 Foreign
Commerce
1 9 Capitalistic
enterprises
3 NA NA
v97. Political Power- Fifth Most Important Source
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
178 0 No
other source
2 4 Slaves
1 7 Political
office
1 8 Foreign
Commerce
1 10 Priestly
services
3 NA NA
v98. Political Power- Sixth Most Important Source
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
181 0 No
other source
1 3 Tribute
or taxes
1 8 Foreign
Commerce
3 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: George P. Murdock and Caterina Provost. 1973. Factors in the Division
of Labor by Sex: A Cross-Cultural Analysis. Ethnology 12: 203-225.
v99. Food Collection: Vegetal (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=179; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
34 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
10 0 Task
absent
6 1 Males
exclusively
4 2 Males
predominant
18 3 Equally
42 4 Females
predominant
65 5 Females
exclusively
7 NA NA
v100. Food Collection: Insects, and/or Small Land Fauna (sexual division of
labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=133; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
48 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
18 0 Task
absent
27 1 Males
exclusively
3 2 Males
predominant
9 3 Equally
13 4 Females
predominant
15 5 Females
exclusively
53 NA NA
v101. Food Collection: Shellfish/Small Aquatic Fauna (sexual division of
labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
22 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
85 0 Task
absent
11 1 Males
exclusively
4 2 Males
predominant
1 3 Equally
12 4 Females
predominant
27 5 Females
exclusively
24 NA NA
v102. Food Collection: Honey (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=106; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
20 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
38 0 Task
absent
39 1 Males
exclusively
5 2 Males
predominant
2 3 Equally
2 5 Females
exclusively
80 NA NA
v103. Food Collection: Fowling (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=157; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
2 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
16 0 Task
absent
131 1 Males
exclusively
5 2 Males
predominant
3 3 Equally
29 NA NA
v104. Food Collection: Fishing (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
10 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
29 0 Task
absent
83 1 Males
exclusively
45 2 Males
predominant
8 3 Equally
5 4 Females
predominant
2 5 Females
exclusively
4 NA NA
v105. Food Collection: Trapping (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
1 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
20 0 Task
absent
136 1 Males
exclusively
12 2 Males
predominant
1 3 Equally
1 4 Females
predominant
15 NA NA
v106. Food Collection: Large Land Fauna (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
36 0 Task
absent
139 1 Males
exclusively
5 2 Males
predominant
6 NA NA
v107. Food Collection: Large Aquatic Fauna (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=177; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
2 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
127 0 Task
absent
48 1 Males
exclusively
9 NA NA
v108. Food Production: Land Clearance (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=184; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
1 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
44 0 Task
absent
95 1 Males
exclusively
34 2 Males
predominant
6 3 Equally
3 4 Females
predominant
1 5 Females
exclusively
2 NA NA
v109. Food Production: Soil Preparation (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=184; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
1 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
49 0 Task
absent
66 1 Males
exclusively
27 2 Males
predominant
14 3 Equally
17 4 Females
predominant
10 5 Females
exclusively
2 NA NA
v110. Food Production: Planting (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
44 0 Task
absent
27 1 Males
exclusively
35 2 Males
predominant
33 3 Equally
26 4 Females
predominant
20 5 Females
exclusively
1 NA NA
v111. Food Production: Crop Tending (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
3 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
48 0 Task
absent
22 1 Males
exclusively
23 2 Males
predominant
24 3 Equally
30 4 Females
predominant
32 5 Females
exclusively
4 NA NA
v112. Food Production: Harvesting (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
44 0 Task
absent
10 1 Males
exclusively
37 2 Males
predominant
34 3 Equally
34 4 Females
predominant
26 5 Females
exclusively
1 NA NA
v113. Food Production: Small Domestic Animals (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
70 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
13 0 Task
absent
19 1 Males
exclusively
8 2 Males
predominant
14 3 Equally
12 4 Females
predominant
44 5 Females
exclusively
6 NA NA
v114. Food Production: Large Domestic Animals (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=184; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
10 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
76 0 Task
absent
54 1 Males
exclusively
24 2 Males
predominant
14 3 Equally
3 4 Females
predominant
3 5 Females
exclusively
2 NA NA
v115. Food Production: Milking (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
10 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
127 0 Task
absent
15 1 Males
exclusively
2 2 Males
predominant
8 3 Equally
2 4 Females
predominant
21 5 Females
exclusively
1 NA NA
v116. Food Preparation: Vegetal: Food Preparation (sexual division of
labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=178; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
2 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
2 0 Task
absent
3 1 Males
exclusively
1 2 Males
predominant
4 3 Equally
21 4 Females
predominant
145 5 Females
exclusively
8 NA NA
v117. Food Preparation: Butchering (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=167; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
16 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
8 0 Task
absent
122 1 Males
exclusively
9 2 Males
predominant
4 3 Equally
4 4 Females
predominant
4 5 Females
exclusively
19 NA NA
v118. Food Preparation: Preservation (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
64 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
31 0 Task
absent
18 1 Males
exclusively
2 2 Males
predominant
3 3 Equally
3 4 Females
predominant
40 5 Females
exclusively
25 NA NA
v119. Food Preparation: Drinks (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
42 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
37 0 Task
absent
15 1 Males
exclusively
3 2 Males
predominant
4 3 Equally
4 4 Females
predominant
65 5 Females
exclusively
16 NA NA
v120. Food Preparation: Dairy (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=178; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
20 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
130 0 Task
absent
4 1 Males
exclusively
24 5 Females
exclusively
8 NA NA
v121. Food Preparation: Cooking (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
1 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
2 2 Males
predominant
2 3 Equally
63 4 Females
predominant
117 5 Females
exclusively
1 NA NA
v122. Extractive Industries: Mining/Quarrying (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=147; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
6 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
106 0 Task
absent
31 1 Males
exclusively
1 2 Males
predominant
2 3 Equally
1 5 Females
exclusively
39 NA NA
v123. Extractive Industries: Fuel Gathering (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=179; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
11 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
1 0 Task
absent
25 1 Males
exclusively
12 2 Males
predominant
12 3 Equally
24 4 Females
predominant
94 5 Females
exclusively
7 NA NA
v124. Extractive Industries: Lumbering (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
16 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
14 0 Task
absent
135 1 Males
exclusively
4 2 Males
predominant
17 NA NA
v125. Extractive Industries: Water Fetching (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
25 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
4 1 Males
exclusively
4 2 Males
predominant
8 3 Equally
13 4 Females
predominant
131 5 Females
exclusively
1 NA NA
v126. Intermediate Processing: Skins (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=173; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
44 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
48 0 Task
absent
39 1 Males
exclusively
4 2 Males
predominant
2 3 Equally
5 4 Females
predominant
31 5 Females
exclusively
13 NA NA
v127. Intermediate Processing: Spinning (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=156; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
9 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
56 0 Task
absent
7 1 Males
exclusively
3 2 Males
predominant
4 3 Equally
5 4 Females
predominant
72 5 Females
exclusively
30 NA NA
v128. Intermediate Processing: Loom Weaving (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique values=6
Freq Value Description
1 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
81 0 Task
absent
24 1 Males
exclusively
6 3 Equally
8 4 Females
predominant
50 5 Females
exclusively
16 NA NA
v129. Intermediate Processing: Smelting (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
125 0 Task
absent
37 1 Males
exclusively
24 NA NA
v130. Manufacturing: Matmaking (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=163; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
31 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
29 0 Task
absent
30 1 Males
exclusively
4 2 Males
predominant
9 3 Equally
5 4 Females
predominant
55 5 Females
exclusively
23 NA NA
v131. Manufacturing: Netmaking (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=155; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
45 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
45 0 Task
absent
42 1 Males
exclusively
2 2 Males
predominant
5 3 Equally
1 4 Females
predominant
15 5 Females
exclusively
31 NA NA
v132. Manufacturing: Basketmaking (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
19 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
21 0 Task
absent
37 1 Males
exclusively
9 2 Males
predominant
15 3 Equally
18 4 Females
predominant
51 5 Females
exclusively
16 NA NA
v133. Manufacturing: Rope or Cordage (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
56 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
3 0 Task
absent
62 1 Males
exclusively
7 2 Males
predominant
18 3 Equally
5 4 Females
predominant
19 5 Females
exclusively
16 NA NA
v134. Manufacturing: Leather (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=163; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
32 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
57 0 Task
absent
35 1 Males
exclusively
3 2 Males
predominant
2 3 Equally
5 4 Females
predominant
29 5 Females
exclusively
23 NA NA
v135. Manufacturing: Clothing (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=163; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
5 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
36 0 Task
absent
16 1 Males
exclusively
4 2 Males
predominant
11 3 Equally
13 4 Females
predominant
78 5 Females
exclusively
23 NA NA
v136. Manufacturing: Pottery (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
6 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
61 0 Task
absent
14 1 Males
exclusively
5 2 Males
predominant
6 3 Equally
6 4 Females
predominant
74 5 Females
exclusively
14 NA NA
v137. Manufacturing: Wood (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
17 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
1 0 Task
absent
159 1 Males
exclusively
3 2 Males
predominant
1 3 Equally
1 4 Females
predominant
4 NA NA
v138. Manufacturing: Bone (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=140; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
44 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
14 0 Task
absent
71 1 Males
exclusively
7 2 Males
predominant
2 3 Equally
2 5 Females
exclusively
46 NA NA
v139. Manufacturing: Stone (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=143; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
31 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
39 0 Task
absent
67 1 Males
exclusively
6 3 Equally
43 NA NA
v140. Manufacturing: Metal (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=179; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
93 0 Task
absent
85 1 Males
exclusively
1 2 Males
predominant
7 NA NA
v141. Manufacturing: Musical Instruments (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
74 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
8 0 Task
absent
83 1 Males
exclusively
3 2 Males
predominant
1 3 Equally
1 5 Females
exclusively
16 NA NA
v142. Miscellaneous: Fire (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
96 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
3 0 Task
absent
40 1 Males
exclusively
6 2 Males
predominant
16 3 Equally
4 4 Females
predominant
20 5 Females
exclusively
1 NA NA
v143. Miscellaneous: Laundering (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=127; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
9 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
52 0 Task
absent
5 1 Males
exclusively
4 3 Equally
8 4 Females
predominant
49 5 Females
exclusively
59 NA NA
v144. Miscellaneous: Bodily Mutilation (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=164; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
45 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
13 0 Task
absent
36 1 Males
exclusively
4 2 Males
predominant
48 3 Equally
6 4 Females
predominant
12 5 Females
exclusively
22 NA NA
v145. Miscellaneous: Bonesetting/Surgery (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=98; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
17 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
37 0 Task
absent
34 1 Males
exclusively
6 2 Males
predominant
4 3 Equally
88 NA NA
v146. Miscellaneous: Burden Carrying (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=155; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
6 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
3 0 Task
absent
18 1 Males
exclusively
12 2 Males
predominant
46 3 Equally
34 4 Females
predominant
36 5 Females
exclusively
31 NA NA
v147. Miscellaneous: Boatbuilding (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=175; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
5 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
79 0 Task
absent
84 1 Males
exclusively
3 2 Males
predominant
3 3 Equally
1 5 Females
exclusively
11 NA NA
v148. Miscellaneous: Housebuilding (sexual division of labor)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
6 -1 Task
Present, sex ?
1 0 Task
absent
105 1 Males
exclusively
30 2 Males
predominant
14 3 Equally
9 4 Females
predominant
20 5 Females
exclusively
1 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Murdock, George P., and Catherine Provost. 1973. Measurement of
Cultural Complexity. Ethnology 12:379-392.
v149. Scale 1- Writing and Records
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
73 1 None
49 2 Mnemonic
devices
21 3 Nonwritten
records
12 4 True
writing; no records
31 5 True
writing; records
v150. Scale 2- Fixity of Residence
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
28 1 Nomadic
21 2 Seminomadic
20 3 Semisedentary
15 4 Sedentary;
impermanent
102 5 Sedentary
v151. Scale 3- Agriculture
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
38 1 None
17 2 10
pct food supply
11 3 10
pct ; secondary
63 4 Primary;
not intensive
57 5 Primary;
intensive
v152. Scale 4- Urbanization
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
56 1 fewer
than 100 persons
43 2 100-199
persons
33 3 200-399
persons
30 4 400-999
persons
24 5 1000
persons
v153. Scale 5- Technological Specialization
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
39 1 None
27 2 Pottery
only
31 3 Loom
weaving only
56 4 Metalwork
only
33 5 Smiths,
weavers, potters
v154. Scale 6- Land Transport
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
108 1 Human
only
42 2 Pack
animals
14 3 Draft
animals
11 4 Animal-drawn
vehicles
11 5 Automotive
vehicles
v155. Scale 7- Money
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
77 1 None
14 2 Domestically
usable articles
43 3 Alien
currency
27 4 Elementary
forms
25 5 True
money
v156. Scale 8- Density of Population
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
58 1 less
than 1 person/square mile
25 2 1-5
persons/square mile
28 3 5.1-25
persons/square mile
35 4 26-100
persons/square mile
40 5 100
persons/square mile
v157. Scale 9- Political Integration
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
11 1 None
71 2 Autonomous
local communities
47 3 1
level above community
28 4 2
levels above community
29 5 3
levels above community
v158. Scale 10- Social Stratification
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
65 1 Egalitarian
52 2 Hereditary
slavery
19 3 2
social classes, no castes/slavery
20 4 2
social classes, castes/slavery
30 5 3
social classes or castes, with or without slavery 158.1. SUM OF CULTURAL
COMPLEXITY (v149-v158)
v158.1. Sum of Complexity measures
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=40
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean 27.823
min 10
max 50
sd 10.312
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Gwen J. Broude and Sarah J. Greene. 1976. Cross-Cultural Codes on
Twenty Sexual Attitudes and Practices. Ethnology 12: 409-429.
v159. Talk about Sex
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=60; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
18 1 Adults
and adults talk explicitly
2 2 Except
with children
13 3 Except
with certain people
9 4 Only
with intimates
18 5 Never
126 NA NA
v160. Sex Frequency in Marriage
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=66; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
11 1 No
abstinence
40 2 Abstinence
at times
6 3 Moderation
9 4 Abstinence
admired
120 NA NA
v161. Sex Believed Dangerous
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=34; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
14 1 Absent
4 2 With
specific categories
9 3 Only
unusual practices
1 4 Only
sexual secretions
6 5 Always
152 NA NA
v162. Foreplay
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=35; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
18 1 Present
4 2 Minimal
13 3 Absent
151 NA NA
v163. Age for Clothing- Male
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
6 1 Never
1 2 Adulthood
9 3 Puberty
19 4 Toddler
to puberty
1 5 Toddler
3 6 At
birth
147 NA NA
v164. Age for Clothing- Female
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=48; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
4 1 Never
2 2 Adulthood
7 3 Puberty
27 4 Toddler
to puberty
5 5 Toddler
3 6 At
birth
138 NA NA
v165. Premarital Sex Attitudes- Female
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=130; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
30 1 Expected
28 2 Tolerated
22 3 Mildly
disapproved
11 4 Moderately
disapproved
4 5 Disallowed
35 6 Strongly
disapproved
56 NA NA
v166. Frequency of Premarital Sex- Male
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=102; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
60 1 Universal
18 2 Moderate
11 3 Occasional
13 4 Uncommon
84 NA NA
v167. Frequency of Premarital Sex- Female
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=109; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
51 1 Universal
19 2 Moderate
16 3 Occasional
23 4 Uncommon
77 NA NA
v168. Initiator of Premarital Sex
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=30; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
5 1 Women
always
9 3 Both
equally
5 4 Men
more than women
11 5 Men
always
156 NA NA
v169. Extramarital Sex
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=109; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
13 1 Single
standard- both allowed
48 2 Double
standard- husband only
24 3 Double
standard- both forbidden, women punished more
24 4 Single
standard- both condemned equally
77 NA NA
v170. Frequency of Extramarital Sex- Male
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=51; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
6 1 Universal
29 2 Moderate
6 3 Occasional
10 4 Uncommon
135 NA NA
v171. Frequency of Extramarital Sex- Female
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
6 1 Universal
23 2 Moderate
9 3 Occasional
15 4 Uncommon
133 NA NA
v172. Wifesharing
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=103; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
4 1 For
any reason
11 2 Vis-a-vis
specific group men
5 3 Vis-a-vis
specific man
7 4 Occasionally
for sex gratification
3 5 For
husbands economic benefit
11 6 Aside
from sex gratification
62 7 None
83 NA NA
v173. Rape
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
9 1 Accepted/ignored
4 2 Ridiculed
8 3 Mildly
disapproved
18 4 Strongly
disapproved
147 NA NA
v174. Frequency of Rape
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=31; Number of unique values=3
Freq Value Description
8 1 Absent
10 2 Rare
13 3 Common
155 NA NA
v175. Male Sexual Aggressiveness
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=60; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
5 1 Men
diffident, shy
7 2 Men
sexually forward but not diffident
26 3 Men
forward verbally
7 4 Men
forward physically
6 5 Men
forward; hostile occasionally
9 6 Men
forward; hostile typically
126 NA NA
v176. Homosexuality
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
9 1 Accepted/ignored
4 2 None
6 3 Ridiculed,
no punishment
4 4 Mildly
disapproved
17 5 Strongly
disapproved
146 NA NA
v177. Frequency of Homosexuality
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=69; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
40 1 Absent
29 2 Present
117 NA NA
v178. Impotence
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=37; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
7 1 No
concern
30 2 Concern
149 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Whiting, John W. M. (New Codes: Not Previously Published). Referenced
in "Winter temperature as a constraint to the migration of preindustrial
peoples", Whiting, et al. American Anthropologist 84:279-298 (1982). The
weather data is cited as coming from Walter, H., and H. Leith (1964)
Klimadiagramm-Weltatlas, Jena: Gustav Fischer.
These codes are taken from Climate maps, for weather stations closest to the
time and place of each societal focus.
v179. Latitude of Weather Station
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=179; Number of unique
values=59
Stat Value
nobs 179
mean 23.469
min 1
max 71
sd 17.988
v180. Latitude Hemisphere (for Weather Stations)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
128 1 North
52 2 South
6 NA NA
v181. Longitude of Weather Station
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique
values=112
Stat Value
nobs 180
mean 79.672
min 1
max 176
sd 47.724
v182. Longitude Hemisphere (for Weather Stations)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
105 1 East
75 2 West
6 NA NA
v183. Altitude in Meters
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique
values=136
Stat Value
nobs 180
mean 453.6
min 0
max 3822
sd 675.411
v184. Years of Observation: Temperature
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique
values=43
Stat Value
nobs 180
mean 18.572
min 0
max 70
sd 16.521
v185. Years of Observation: Precipitation
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique
values=53
Stat Value
nobs 180
mean 23.356
min 0
max 73
sd 16.932
v186. Mean Annual Temperature (Xc)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique
values=35
Stat Value
nobs 180
mean 18.889
min -16
max 29
sd 9.854
v187. Hottest Month Mean Temperature (Xc)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique
values=29
Stat Value
nobs 180
mean 24.394
min 4
max 46
sd 6.129
v188. Coldest Month Mean Temperature (Xc)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique
values=46
Stat Value
nobs 180
mean 12.75
min -28
max 28
sd 14.544
v189. Mean Annual Precipitation (mm)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=177; Number of unique
values=165
Stat Value
nobs 177
mean 1303.734
min 1
max 4819
sd 1011.52
v190. Mean Daily Min Coldest Month (Xc)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=95; Number of unique
values=40
Stat Value
nobs 95
mean 2.821
min -61
max 24
sd 18.24
v191. Mean Daily Max Hottest Month (Xc)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=31; Number of unique
values=13
Freq Value Description
1 -2 Min
2 0 0
1 26 26
4 27 27
2 30 30
3 31 31
4 32 32
4 33 33
2 34 34
1 35 35
1 36 36
5 39 39
1 41 Max
155 NA NA
v192. Highest Precipitation in Wettest Month (mm)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique
values=101
Stat Value
nobs 180
mean 216.956
min 1
max 670
sd 149.462
v193. Lowest Precipitation in Dryest Month (mm)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique
values=68
Stat Value
nobs 180
mean 34.411
min 0
max 295
sd 53.463
v194. Wettest Month
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique values=11
Freq Value Description
11 1 Jan
2 3 March
6 4 Apr
12 5 May
20 6 June
39 7 July
38 8 Aug
23 9 Sept
15 10 Oct
6 11 Nov
8 12 Dec
6 NA NA
v195. Dryest Month
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique
values=12
Freq Value Description
52 1 Jan
36 2 Feb
12 3 March
11 4 Apr
4 5 May
10 6 June
16 7 July
8 8 Aug
3 9 Sept
2 10 Oct
4 11 Nov
22 12 Dec
6 NA NA
v196. Number of Dry Months
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique
values=13
Freq Value Description
70 0 None
8 1 1
13 2 2
10 3 3
19 4 4
13 5 5
15 6 6
10 7 7
8 8 8
1 9 9
3 10 10
1 11 11
9 12 12
6 NA NA
v197. Hottest Month
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique
values=12
Freq Value Description
2 1 Jan
5 2 Feb
11 3 Mar
23 4 Apr
30 5 May
13 6 June
66 7 July
18 8 Aug
7 9 Sept
2 10 Oct
2 11 Nov
1 12 Dec
6 NA NA
v198. Coldest Month
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique
values=11
Freq Value Description
117 1 Jan
14 2 Feb
1 3 Mar
1 4 Apr
4 6 June
7 7 July
8 8 Aug
1 9 Sept
2 10 Oct
1 11 Nov
24 12 Dec
6 NA NA
v199. Number of Frost Months
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
152 0 None
1 1 1
1 5 5
1 6 6
7 7 7
3 8 8
6 9 9
2 10 10
5 11 11
2 12 12
6 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Murdock, George P. 1962-1971. Installments in Ethnology. Ethnoatlas
codes 200-291 were changed by J. Patrick Gray, 1998. World Cultures
10(1):86-136.
v200. Region
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
28 1 Africa
Exclusive of Madagascar and the Sahara
28 2 Circum-Mediterranean
North Africa, Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Semitic Near East
34 3 East
Eurasia including Madagascar and Islands in Indian Ocean
31 4 Insular
Pacific including Australia, Indonesia, Formosa, Phillipines
33 5 North
America indigenous societies to the Isthmus of Tehuantepec
32 6 South
America including Antilles, Yucatan, Central America
v201. Area
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
21 0 0
26 1 1
21 2 2
18 3 3
19 4 4
18 5 5
16 6 6
16 7 7
13 8 8
18 9 9
v202. EA Number
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
7 0 0
37 1 1
24 2 2
40 3 3
23 4 4
15 5 5
10 6 6
11 7 7
7 8 8
12 9 9
v203. Dependence on Gathering (Atlas 1)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
86 0 0
- 5 pct
51 1 6
- 15 pct
23 2 16
- 25 pct
9 3 26
- 35 pct
9 4 36
- 45 pct
4 5 46
- 55 pct
3 6 56
- 65 pct
1 8 76
- 85 pct
v204. Dependence on Hunting (Atlas 3)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
63 0 0
- 5 pct
48 1 6
- 15 pct
33 2 16
- 25 pct
19 3 26
- 35 pct
11 4 36
- 45 pct
5 5 46
- 55 pct
3 6 56
- 65 pct
2 7 66
- 75 pct
1 8 76
- 85 pct
1 9 86
- 100 pct
v205. Dependence on Fishing (Atlas 3)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
57 0 0
- 5 pct
54 1 6
- 15 pct
30 2 16
- 25 pct
14 3 26
- 35 pct
12 4 36
- 45 pct
11 5 46
- 55 pct
5 6 56
- 65 pct
1 7 66
- 75 pct
1 8 76
- 85 pct
1 9 86
- 100 pct
v206. Dependence on Animal Husbandry (Atlas 4)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
77 0 0
- 5 pct
39 1 6
- 15 pct
29 2 16
- 25 pct
19 3 26
- 35 pct
7 4 36
- 45 pct
3 5 46
- 55 pct
2 6 56
- 65 pct
1 7 66
- 75 pct
4 8 76
- 85 pct
5 9 86
- 100 pct
v207. Dependence on Agriculture (Atlas 5)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
44 0 0
- 5 pct
11 1 6
- 15 pct
4 2 16
- 25 pct
2 3 26
- 35 pct
16 4 36
- 45 pct
37 5 46
- 55 pct
38 6 56
- 65 pct
17 7 66
- 75 pct
13 8 76
- 85 pct
4 9 86
- 100 pct
v208. Mode of Marriage (Atlas 6)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
71 1 Bride-Price
or -Wealth, to brides family
24 2 Bride-Service,
to brides family
16 3 Token
Bride-price
15 4 Gift
Exchange, reciprocal
9 5 Sister
or Female Relative Exchanged for Bride
42 6 Absence
of Consideration
9 7 Dowry,
to bride from her family
v209. Mode of Marriage (Alternate) (Atlas 7)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
9 1 Bride-Price
or -Wealth, to brides family
15 2 Bride-Service,
to brides family
4 3 Token
Bride-price
3 5 Sister
or Female Relative Exchanged for Bride
9 7 Dowry,
to bride from her family
146 9 No
Alternative
v210. Domestic Organization (Atlas 8)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
14 1 Independent
Nuclear Family, Monogamous
43 2 Independent
Nuclear Family, occasional Polygyny
2 3 Independent
Polyandrous Families
6 4 Polygynous:
Unusual Co-wives Pattern (4, 6 below)
22 5 Polygynous:
Usual Co-Wife Pattern (3, 5 below)
12 6 Minimal
(stem) extended families
44 7 Small
Extended Families
42 8 Large
Extended Families
1 NA NA
v211. Composition of Domestic Group (Atlas 9 Combined)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
14 1 Independent
Nuclear, Monogamous
43 2 Independent
Nuclear, Occasional Polygyny
4 3 Preferentially
Sororal, Cowives in same dwelling
1 4 Preferentially
Sororal, Cowives separate dwellings
18 5 Non-Sororal,
Cowives in separate dwellings
5 6 Non-Sororal,
Cowives in same dwelling
2 7 Independent
Polyandrous Families
98 8 Extended
Family
1 NA NA
v212. Marital Composition within Extended Families (Atlas 9 Combined)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
21 1 Monogamy
39 2 Occasional
or limited polygyny
12 3 Preferentially
sororal, co-wives in same dwelling
1 4 Preferentially
sororal, co-wives separate dwelling
16 5 Non-sororal,
co-wives separate dwelling
9 6 Non-sororal
polygyny, co-wives in same dwelling
87 7 Polyandry,
or no extended family 88->87
1 NA NA
v213. Marital Residence with Kin: First Years (Atlas 10 Combined)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
1 1 Ambilocal:
with either kin group
4 2 Nonestablishment
of Common Household
32 3 Uxorilocal:
with wifes parents
3 4 Virilocal:
with husbands parents
145 5 Same
as Prevalent Residence (#215)
1 NA NA
v214. Transfer of Residence at Marriage: First Years (Atlas 10 Combined)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
3 1 Wife
to Husbands Group (7 in 213)
1 2 Couple
to either Group or Neolocal (4 in 213)
32 3 Husband
to Wifes Group (2 in 213)
4 4 No
Common Residence (0 in 213)
145 5 Same
as Prevalent Residence (#216)
1 NA NA
v215. Marital Residence with Kin: after First Years (Atlas 12) (Atlas 11) ->
(Atlas 12)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
1 0 Nonestablishment
of Common Household
16 1 Matrilocal:
with wifes unilineal kin group
14 2 Uxorilocal:
with wifes parents
1 3 Optional
avuncu- or uxori-local
12 4 Bilocal:
with either kin group
8 5 Avunculocal:
with husbands mothers brother
1 6 Optional
avuncu-, viri-, or patri-locality
48 7 Virilocal:
with husbands parents
69 8 Patrilocal:
with husbands unilineal kin group
15 9 Neolocal:
independent of kin
1 NA NA
v216. Transfer of Residence at Marriage: after First Years (Atlas 11) (Atlas
12) -> (Atlas 11)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
126 1 Wife
to Husbands Group (1,4,8,10 above)
28 2 Couple
to either Group or Neolocal (2,3,6 above)
30 3 Husband
to Wifes Group (5,9 above)
1 4 No
Common Residence (9 above)
1 NA NA
v217. Marital Residence with Kin: Alternate Form
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
29 2 Uxorilocal:
with wifes parents
1 3 Optional
avuncu- or uxori-local
9 5 Avunculocal:
with husbands mothers brother
17 7 Virilocal:
with husbands parents
2 8 Patrilocal:
with husbands unilineal kin group
22 9 Neolocal:
independent of kin
105 10 Same
as Prevalent Residence (#215)
1 NA NA
v218. Transfer of Residence at Marriage: Alternate Form (Atlas 13)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
28 1 Wife
to Husbands Group (Patrilocal, Virilocal)
23 2 Couple
to either Group or Neolocal (bilocal, optional patr-,-viri- or
avuncu-,neolocal)
29 3 Husband
to Wifes Group (Avunculocal, matrilocal, uxorilocal, optional avuncu- or
uxori-)
105 4 Same
as Prevalent Residence (#215)
1 NA NA
v219. Community Marriage Organization (Atlas 15)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
17 1 Demes
(not segmented into clan barrios)
40 2 Segmented
communities without local exogamy
67 3 Agamous
communities
27 4 Exogamous
communities (not clans)
2 5 Segmented
communities (containing localized clans) with local exogamy
29 6 Clan
communities (or clan barrios)
4 NA NA
v220. Community Marriage Organization (Alternate) (Atlas 16)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
3 2 Segmented
communities without local exogamy
179 9 No
secondary organization
4 NA NA
v221. Largest Patrilineal Kin Group (Atlas 17)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
104 1 None
17 3 Lineages
in a Single Community
43 4 Sibs
(Lineages in Multiple Communities)
15 5 Phratries
(Maximally Extended Sibs)
6 6 Moieties
1 NA NA
v222. Largest Patrilineal Exogamous Group (If Different)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
13 3 Lineages
in a Single Community
5 4 Sibs
(Lineages in Multiple Communities)
167 9 No
Difference
1 NA NA
v223. Largest Matrilineal Kin Group
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
144 1 None
3 2 Exogamous
Group
7 3 Lineages
in a Single Community
15 4 Sibs
(Lineages in Multiple Communities)
5 5 Phratries
(Maximally Extended Sibs)
11 6 Moieties
1 NA NA
v224. Largest Matrilineal Exogamous Group (If Different)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
2 3 Lineages
in a Single Community
3 4 Sibs
(Lineages in Multiple Communities)
180 9 No
Difference
1 NA NA
v225. Cognatic Kin Groups
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
48 1 Bilateral
descent
27 2 Kindreds:
ego-oriented bilateral kin-groups
7 4 Ramages:
ancestor oriented ambilineal groups
2 5 Exogamous
ramages
4 6 Quasi-lineages:
filiation based, not descent
97 9 No
Secondary cognatic group
1 NA NA
v226. Secondary Cognatic Kin Group: Where Both Kindreds and Ramages
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
2 2 Kindreds:
ego-oriented bilateral kin-groups
1 4 Ramages:
ancestor oriented ambilineal groups
182 9 No
Secondary cognatic group
1 NA NA
v227. Number of Cousin Marriages (Allowed)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=174; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
25 1 All
four cousins
8 2 Three
of four cousins
44 3 Two
of four cousins (e.g., paternal)
6 4 One
of four cousins (e.g., FaBrDa)
19 5 No
first cousins
2 6 First
and some second cousins excluded
27 7 No
first, unknown for second
43 8 No
first or second cousins
12 NA NA
v228. Number of Cousin Marriages (Preferred)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=174; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
12 1 All
four cousins
1 2 Three
of four cousins
36 3 Two
of four cousins (e.g., paternal)
6 4 One
of four cousins (e.g., FaBrDa)
4 5 No
first cousins
2 6 First
and some second cousins excluded
113 9 No
preferential or prescriptive unions
12 NA NA
v229. Subtypes of Cousin Marriages (Allowed)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=174; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
1 2 Paternal
(FBD if only one)
166 4 Other
1 6 Maternal
6 7 MoBrDa
12 NA NA
v230. Subtypes of Cousin Marriages (Preferred)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=174; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
5 1 FaSiDa
8 2 Paternal
(FBD if only one)
25 4 Other
23 7 MoBrDa
113 9 No
preferential or prescriptive unions
12 NA NA
v231. Kin Terms for Cousins
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
16 1 Descriptive
terms, e.g. mothers brothers son
1 2 Sudanese:
Siblings, cross and parallel cousins distinguished but not by descriptive
terms
44 3 Iroquois:
Cross cousins versus parallel are siblings
4 4 Mixed
or deviant
14 5 Omaha:
Generational merging; MoBrCh up; FaSCh down
15 6 Crow:
Generational merging; MoBrCh down; FaSCh up
23 7 Eskimo:
Cousins versus siblings
55 8 Hawaiian:
Siblings plus cousins equated
14 NA NA
v232. Intensity of Cultivation
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
42 1 No
agriculture
10 2 Casual
agriculture, incidental to other subsistence modes
55 3 Extensive
or shifting agriculture, long fallow, and new fields cleared annually
18 4 Horticulture,
vegetal gardens or groves of fruit trees
32 5 Intensive
agriculture, using fertilization, crop rotation, or other techniques to shorten
or eliminate fallow period
29 6 Intensive
irrigated agriculture
v233. Major Crop Type
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
44 1 None
or none specified
13 4 Tree
fruits
38 5 Roots
or tubers
91 6 Cereal
grains
v234. Settlement Patterns
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
26 1 Nomadic
or fully migratory
24 2 Seminomadic
13 3 Semisedentary
3 4 Compact
but impermanent settlements
20 5 Neighborhoods
of dispersed family homesteads
17 6 Separated
hamlets, forming a single community
75 7 Compact
and relatively permanent settlements
8 8 Complex
settlements
v235. Mean Size of Local Communities
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=148; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
31 1 Fewer
than 50
29 2 50-99
24 3 100-199
17 4 200-399
12 5 400-1000
4 6 1,000
without any town of more than 5000
10 7 One
or more towns of 5,000-50,000
21 8 One
or more cities of more than 50,000
38 NA NA
v236. Jurisdictional Hierarchy of Local Community
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
45 2 Two
levels (theoretical minimum, e.g., family and band)
117 3 Three
levels
24 4 Four
levels (e.g., nuclear family, extended family, clan barrios, village
levels)
v237. Jurisdictional Hierarchy beyond Local Community
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=184; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
82 1 No
levels (no political authority beyond community)
48 2 One
level (e.g., petty chiefdoms)
23 3 Two
levels (e.g., larger chiefdoms)
19 4 Three
levels (e.g., states)
12 5 Four
levels (e.g., large states)
2 NA NA
v238. High Gods
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=168; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
68 1 Absent
or not reported
47 2 Present
but not active in human affairs
13 3 Present
and active in human affairs but not supportive of human morality
40 4 Present,
active, and specifically supportive of human morality
18 NA NA
v239. Games { Can Also Be Expressed in a Semi-order or Partial Guttman Scale,
as There Are Five Latent Classes or Dominant Scale Types: for P C S, These Are
- - - + - - + + - + - + + + + }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=122; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
10 1 None
of the three types
41 2 Physical
skill
2 4 Strategy
40 5 Skill
and chance
11 6 Skill
and strategy
18 8 All
64 NA NA
v240. Post-partum Sex Taboos
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=107; Number of unique values=6
Freq Value Description
5 1 None
24 2 No
longer than 1 month
33 3 1
to 6 months
8 4 6
months to 1 year
19 5 More
than one year to two years
18 6 More
than two years
79 NA NA
v241. Male Genital Mutilations
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
135 0 Absent
5 1 Within
first two months after birth
1 2 Two
months to two years
5 3 Two
to five years
15 4 Six
to ten years
16 5 11
to 15 years
2 6 16
to 25 years
1 8 After
50 years
3 9 Normal
age unclear
3 NA NA
v242. Segregation of Adolescent Boys
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=155; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
106 1 Absence
19 2 Partial
8 3 Complete,
with relatives outside nuclear family
4 4 Complete,
with non-relatives
18 5 Complete,
with peers
31 NA NA
v243. Animals and Plow Cultivation
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
153 1 Absent
(no plow animals)
2 2 Not
aboriginal but well established at period of observation
31 3 Prior
to contract
v244. Predominant Type of Animal Husbandry
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
54 1 Absence
or near absence of large domestic animals
31 2 Pigs
the only large domestic animals
15 3 Sheep
and/or goats without larger domestic animals
10 4 Equine
animals (horses, donkeys)
3 5 Deer
(reindeer)
5 6 Camels,
alpacas, or llamas
68 7 Bovine
animals (cattle, mithun, water buffalo, yaks)
v245. Milking of Domestic Animals
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
129 1 Little
or no milking, or insufficient information
57 2 Milked
more often than sporadically
v246. Subsistence Economy { Roughly Equal to the Categories below for 858.
Subsistence Type - Ecological Classification (858 Categories) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
15 1 Gathering
19 2 Fishing
12 3 Hunting,
or Marine animals, or Mounted Hunting
16 4 Pastoral
60 6 Shifting
Cultivation or Horticulture or Tree fruits
57 7 Intensive
agriculture
7 8 Two
or more sources contribute equally
v247. Descent: Major Type (from Variables 121-126)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
59 1 Patrilineal
11 2 Duolateral
27 3 Matrilineal
4 4 Quasi-lineages
6 5 Ambilineal
64 6 Bilateral
14 7 Mixed
1 NA NA
v248. Sex Differences in Metal Working
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
79 1 Males
alone or almost alone
1 2 Males
appreciably more
1 7 Gender
irrelevant, esp. industrialized
1 8 Activity
present: sex partic. unspecified
101 9 Activity
absent or unimportant
3 NA NA
v249. Sex Differences in Weaving
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=174; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
20 1 Males
alone or almost alone
3 2 Males
appreciably more
5 3 Differentiation
but equal participation
1 5 Females
appreciably more
47 6 Females
alone or almost alone
9 8 Activity
present: sex partic. unspecified
89 9 Activity
absent or unimportant
12 NA NA
v250. Sex Differences in Leather Working
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=139; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
32 1 Males
alone or almost alone
1 2 Males
appreciably more
1 4 Equal
partic. w/out marked differentiation
3 5 Females
appreciably more
32 6 Females
alone or almost alone
22 8 Activity
present: sex partic. unspecified
48 9 Activity
absent or unimportant
47 NA NA
v251. Sex Differences in Pottery Making
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
9 1 Males
alone or almost alone
2 2 Males
appreciably more
4 3 Differentiation
but equal participation
2 4 Equal
partic. w/out marked differentiation
2 5 Females
appreciably more
73 6 Females
alone or almost alone
1 7 Gender
irrelevant, esp. industrialized
19 8 Activity
present: sex partic. unspecified
58 9 Activity
absent or unimportant
16 NA NA
v252. Sex Differences in Boat Building
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
73 1 Males
alone or almost alone
5 2 Males
appreciably more
1 6 Females
alone or almost alone
19 8 Activity
present: sex partic. unspecified
62 9 Activity
absent or unimportant
26 NA NA
v253. Sex Differences in House Construction
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=150; Number of unique values=7
Freq Value Description
90 1 Males
alone or almost alone
18 2 Males
appreciably more
17 3 Differentiation
but equal participation
5 4 Equal
partic. w/out marked differentiation
5 5 Females
appreciably more
14 6 Females
alone or almost alone
1 8 Activity
present: sex partic. unspecified
36 NA NA
v254. Age or Occupational Specialization in Metal Working
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
76 3 Craft
specialization
2 4 Industrialized
specialization
105 9 Activity
absent
3 NA NA
v255. Age or Occupational Specialization in Weaving
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=174; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
16 3 Craft
specialization
1 4 Industrialized
specialization
157 9 Activity
absent
12 NA NA
v256. Age or Occupational Specialization in Leather Working
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=139; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
18 3 Craft
specialization
121 9 Activity
absent
47 NA NA
v257. Age or Occupational Specialization in Pottery Making
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
23 3 Craft
specialization
1 4 Industrialized
specialization
146 9 Activity
absent
16 NA NA
v258. Age or Occupational Specialization in Boat Building
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
12 3 Craft
specialization
148 9 Activity
absent
26 NA NA
v259. Age or Occupational Specialization in House Construction
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=150; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
14 3 Craft
specialization
136 9 Activity
absent
36 NA NA
v260. Sex Differences in Gathering
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
3 1 Males
alone or almost alone
4 2 Males
appreciably more
3 3 Differentiation
but equal participation
11 4 Equal
partic. w/out marked differentiation
24 5 Females
appreciably more
64 6 Females
alone or almost alone
4 8 Activity
present: sex partic. unspecified
49 9 Activity
absent or unimportant
24 NA NA
v261. Sex Differences in Hunting
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=179; Number of unique values=3
Freq Value Description
152 1 Males
alone or almost alone
2 2 Males
appreciably more
25 9 Activity
absent or unimportant
7 NA NA
v262. Sex Differences in Fishing
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=173; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
65 1 Males
alone or almost alone
43 2 Males
appreciably more
10 3 Differentiation
but equal participation
8 4 Equal
partic. w/out marked differentiation
5 5 Females
appreciably more
3 6 Females
alone or almost alone
1 8 Activity
present: sex partic. unspecified
38 9 Activity
absent or unimportant
13 NA NA
v263. Sex Differences in Animal Husbandry
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=163; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
35 1 Males
alone or almost alone
23 2 Males
appreciably more
18 3 Differentiation
but equal participation
13 4 Equal
partic. w/out marked differentiation
4 5 Females
appreciably more
12 6 Females
alone or almost alone
2 8 Activity
present: sex partic. unspecified
56 9 Activity
absent or unimportant
23 NA NA
v264. Sex Differences in Agriculture
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=177; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
16 1 Males
alone or almost alone
37 2 Males
appreciably more
14 3 Differentiation
but equal participation
25 4 Equal
partic. w/out marked differentiation
37 5 Females
appreciably more
5 6 Females
alone or almost alone
43 9 Activity
absent or unimportant
9 NA NA
v265. Age or Occupational Specialization in Gathering
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
1 1 Junior
age specialization (before puberty)
161 9 Activity
absent or unimportant
24 NA NA
v266. Age or Occupational Specialization in Hunting
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=179; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
1 1 Junior
age specialization (before puberty)
8 3 Craft
specialization
170 9 Activity
absent or unimportant
7 NA NA
v267. Age or Occupational Specialization in Fishing
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=173; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
8 3 Craft
specialization
165 9 Activity
absent or unimportant
13 NA NA
v268. Age or Occupational Specialization in Animal Husbandry
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=163; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
4 1 Junior
age specialization (before puberty)
1 3 Craft
specialization
158 9 Activity
absent or unimportant
23 NA NA
v269. Murdock's Language Code: Revised in a Later Issue; No Codes Here
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=0; Number of unique
values=0
Freq Value Description
186 NA NA
v270. Class Stratification
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
76 1 Absence
among freemen
45 2 Wealth
distinctions
3 3 Elite
(based on control of land or other resources)
37 4 Dual
(hereditary aristocracy)
25 5 Complex
(social classes)
v271. Class Stratification, Secondary Feature
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
3 2 Wealth
distinctions
4 3 Elite
(based on control of land or other resources)
4 4 Dual
(hereditary aristocracy)
2 5 Complex
(social classes)
173 9 No
second type or absence of stratification
v272. Caste Stratification (Endogamy)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=181; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
153 1 Absent
or insignificant
18 2 Despised
occupational group(s)
3 3 Ethnic
stratification
7 4 Complex
5 NA NA
v273. Caste Stratification, Secondary Type
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=181; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
1 2 Despised
occupational group(s)
1 3 Ethnic
stratification
179 9 No
second type or absence of stratification
5 NA NA
v274. Type of Slavery
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
100 1 Absence
or near absence
27 2 Incipient
or nonhereditary
9 3 Reported
but type not identified
44 4 Hereditary
and socially significant
6 NA NA
v275. Former Presence of Slavery
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
130 1 Absent
or no difference from preceding column
50 2 Formerly
present
6 NA NA
v276. Succession to the Office of Local Headman
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=163; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
59 1 Patrilineal
heir
17 2 Matrilineal
heir
5 3 Nonhereditary
(appointed by higher authority)
7 4 Nonhereditary
on basis of seniority or age
9 5 Nonhereditary
through influence (wealth or social status)
24 6 Nonhereditary
through election or other formal consensus
23 7 Nonhereditary
through informal consensus
19 9 Absence
of any such office
23 NA NA
v277. Succession to Office of Local Headman, Breakdown of Hereditary
Succession
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=163; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
44 1 Hereditary
by a son (patrilineal)
15 2 Hereditary
by other patrilineal heir (e.g., YoBr)
8 3 Hereditary
by a sisters son (matrilineal)
9 4 Hereditary
by other matrilineal heir (e.g., YoBr)
87 9 Nonhereditary
or absence of any such office
23 NA NA
v278. Inheritance of Real Property (Land) : Rule or Practice for
Inheritance
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=155; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
59 1 Absence
of individual property rights or rules
3 2 Matrilineal
(sisters sons)
10 3 Other
matrilineal heirs (e.g., younger brothers)
12 4 Children,
with daughters receiving less
9 5 Children,
equally for both sexes
8 6 Other
patrilineal heirs (e.g., younger brothers)
54 7 Patrilineal
(sons)
31 NA NA
v279. Inheritance of Movable Property: Rule or Practice for Inheritance
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=152; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
21 1 Absence
of individual property rights or rules
5 2 Matrilineal
(sisters sons)
9 3 Other
matrilineal heirs (e.g., younger brothers)
14 4 Children,
with daughters receiving less
22 5 Children,
equally for both sexes
9 6 Other
patrilineal heirs (e.g., younger brothers)
72 7 Patrilineal
(sons)
34 NA NA
v280. Inheritance of Real Property: Distribution of Inheritance among
Individuals of Same Category
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
54 1 Equal
or relatively equal
6 2 Exclusively
or predominantly to the one adjudged best qualified
4 3 Ultimogeniture
(to the junior individual)
28 4 Primogeniture
(to the senior individual)
94 NA NA
v281. Inheritance of Movable Property: Distribution of Inheritance among
Individuals of Same Category
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=124; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
86 1 Equal
or relatively equal
6 2 Exclusively
or predominantly to the one adjudged best qualified
5 3 Ultimogeniture
(to the junior individual)
27 4 Primogeniture
(to the senior individual)
62 NA NA
v282. Norms of Premarital Sex Behavior of Girls
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=146; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
13 1 Early
marriage of females (at or before puberty)
38 2 Insistence
on virginity
37 3 Prohibited
but weakly censured and not infrequent
16 4 Allowed,
censured only if pregnancy results
5 5 Trial
marriage, promiscuous relations prohibited
37 6 Freely
permitted, even if pregnancy results
40 NA NA
v283. Prevailing Type of Dwelling: Ground Plan
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique values=5
Freq Value Description
1 1 Semicircular
58 2 Circular
6 3 Elliptical
or elongated with rounded ends
108 5 Rectangular
or square
9 6 Quadrangular
around (if only partially) inner court
4 NA NA
v284. Prevailing Type of Dwelling: Floor Level
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=181; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
13 1 Subterranean
or semi-subterranean (ignoring cellars)
138 2 Floor
formed by ground
12 3 Elevated
slightly or on raised platform
18 4 Raised
substantially on piles, posts, or piers
5 NA NA
v285. Prevailing Type of Dwelling: Wall Material
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=122; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
12 1 Stone,
stucco, concrete, or fired brick
19 2 Plaster,
mud and dung, or wattle and daub
35 3 Wood,
including logs, planks, poles, bamboo, or shingles
1 4 Bark
1 5 Hides
or skin
6 6 Felt,
cloth, or other fabrics
17 7 Mats,
latticework, or wattle
14 8 Grass,
leaves, or other thatch
17 9 Adobe,
clay, or dried brick
64 NA NA
v286. Prevailing Type of Dwelling: Shape of Roof
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=176; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
10 1 Rounded
or semi-cylindrical
20 2 Dome
or hemisphere
7 3 Beehive
with pointed peak
33 4 Conical
2 5 Semi-hemisphere
6 6 Shad
(one slope)
14 7 Flat
or horizontal
69 8 Gabled
(two slopes)
15 9 Hipped
or pyramidal (four slopes)
10 NA NA
v287. Prevailing Type of Dwelling: Roofing Materials
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=177; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
2 1 Stone
or slate, or tile or fired brick
3 2 Plaster,
clay, mud and dung, or wattle and daub
10 3 Wood,
including logs, planks, poles, bamboo, or shingles
6 4 Bark
5 5 Hides
or skin
5 6 Felt,
cloth, or other fabric
9 7 Mats
118 8 Grass,
leaves, brush, or other thatch
18 9 Earth
or turf
1 10 Ice
or snow
9 NA NA
v288. Secondary or Alternative House Type: Ground Plan
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=68; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
2 1 Semicircular
18 2 Circular
3 3 Elliptical
or elongated with rounded ends
38 5 Rectangular
or square
7 6 Quadrangular
around (or partially around) an inner court
118 NA NA
v289. Secondary or Alternative House Type: Floor Level
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=67; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
1 1 Subterranean
or semi-subterranean (ignoring cellars)
50 2 Floor
formed by ground
8 3 Elevated
slightly or on raised platform
8 4 Raised
substantially on piles, posts, or piers
119 NA NA
v290. Secondary or Alternative House Type: Wall Material
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=42; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
8 1 Stone,
stucco, concrete, or fired brick
5 2 Plaster,
mud and dung, or wattle and daub
10 3 Wood,
including logs, planks, poles, bamboo, or shingles
3 4 Bark
2 6 Felt,
cloth, or other fabrics
3 7 Mats,
latticework or wattle
3 8 Grass,
leaves, or other thatch
8 9 Adobe,
clay, or dried brick
144 NA NA
v291. Secondary or Alternative House Type: Shape of Roof
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=67; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
1 2 Dome
or hemisphere
16 4 Conical
2 5 Semi-hemisphere
2 6 Shad
(one slope)
7 7 Flat
or horizontal
31 8 Gabled
(two slopes)
8 9 Hipped
or pyramidal (four slopes)
119 NA NA
v292. Secondary or Alternative House Type: Roofing Materials
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=66; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
3 1 Stone
or slate, or tile or fired brick
1 2 Plaster,
clay, mud and dung, or wattle and daub
3 3 Wood,
incl. logs, planks, poles, bamboo, or shingles
1 4 Bark
5 5 Hides
or skin
2 6 Felt,
cloth or other fabric
4 7 Mats
42 8 Grass,
leaves, brush, or other thatch
5 9 Earth
or turf
120 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Herbert Barry III, Lili Josephson, Edith Lauer, and Catherine Marshall.
1976. Traits Inculcated in Childhood: Cross-Cultural Codes 5. Ethnology
15:83-114.
v293. Duration of Early Childhood
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=179; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
87 1 short
(ending at about 7 years of age)
36 2 medium
(ending at about 9 years of age)
56 3 long
(ending at about 11 years of age or later)
7 NA NA
v294. Fortitude: Early Boy { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=140; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
17 2 (2
of 10)
16 3 (3
of 10)
11 4 (4
of 10)
61 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
24 6 (6
of 10)
3 7 (7
of 10)
6 8 (8
of 10)
2 9 (9
of 10)
46 NA NA
v295. Fortitude: Early Girl { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=131; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
1 1 (1
of 10)
19 2 (2
of 10)
17 3 (3
of 10)
13 4 (4
of 10)
60 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
15 6 (6
of 10)
1 7 (7
of 10)
3 8 (8
of 10)
2 9 (9
of 10)
55 NA NA
v296. Fortitude: Late Boy { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=155; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
3 2 (2
of 10)
5 3 (3
of 10)
10 4 (4
of 10)
40 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
49 6 (6
of 10)
14 7 (7
of 10)
24 8 (8
of 10)
8 9 (9
of 10)
2 10 extremely
strong inculcation (10 of 10)
31 NA NA
v297. Fortitude: Late Girl { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=145; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
5 2 (2
of 10)
11 3 (3
of 10)
9 4 (4
of 10)
50 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
44 6 (6
of 10)
12 7 (7
of 10)
12 8 (8
of 10)
2 9 (9
of 10)
41 NA NA
v298. Aggression: Early Boy { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=133; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
6 1 (1
of 10)
25 2 (2
of 10)
14 3 (3
of 10)
7 4 (4
of 10)
40 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
28 6 (6
of 10)
1 7 (7
of 10)
8 8 (8
of 10)
3 9 (9
of 10)
1 10 extremely
strong inculcation (10 of 10)
53 NA NA
v299. Aggression: Early Girl { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=118; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
7 1 (1
of 10)
30 2 (2
of 10)
15 3 (3
of 10)
10 4 (4
of 10)
30 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
17 6 (6
of 10)
2 7 (7
of 10)
5 8 (8
of 10)
1 9 (9
of 10)
1 10 extremely
strong inculcation (10 of 10)
68 NA NA
v300. Aggression: Late Boy { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=148; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
4 1 (1
of 10)
9 2 (2
of 10)
11 3 (3
of 10)
9 4 (4
of 10)
40 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
43 6 (6
of 10)
5 7 (7
of 10)
19 8 (8
of 10)
6 9 (9
of 10)
2 10 extremely
strong inculcation (10 of 10)
38 NA NA
v301. Aggression: Late Girl { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=128; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
5 1 (1
of 10)
16 2 (2
of 10)
17 3 (3
of 10)
10 4 (4
of 10)
37 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
26 6 (6
of 10)
5 7 (7
of 10)
10 8 (8
of 10)
1 9 (9
of 10)
1 10 extremely
strong inculcation (10 of 10)
58 NA NA
v302. Competitiveness: Early Boy { (Higher values represent stronger
inculcation) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=111; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
6 0 no
inculcation, or opposite trait (0 of 10)
21 2 (2
of 10)
15 3 (3
of 10)
9 4 (4
of 10)
38 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
18 6 (6
of 10)
2 7 (7
of 10)
2 9 (9
of 10)
75 NA NA
v303. Competitiveness: Early Girl { (Higher values represent stronger
inculcation) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=106; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
6 0 no
inculcation, or opposite trait (0 of 10)
21 2 (2
of 10)
15 3 (3
of 10)
9 4 (4
of 10)
35 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
18 6 (6
of 10)
1 7 (7
of 10)
1 9 (9
of 10)
80 NA NA
v304. Competitiveness: Late Boy { (Higher values represent stronger
inculcation) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
5 0 no
inculcation, or opposite trait (0 of 10)
15 2 (2
of 10)
18 3 (3
of 10)
9 4 (4
of 10)
42 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
30 6 (6
of 10)
2 7 (7
of 10)
11 8 (8
of 10)
3 9 (9
of 10)
51 NA NA
v305. Competitiveness: Late Girl { (Higher values represent stronger
inculcation) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=126; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
5 0 no
inculcation, or opposite trait (0 of 10)
17 2 (2
of 10)
16 3 (3
of 10)
10 4 (4
of 10)
44 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
25 6 (6
of 10)
1 7 (7
of 10)
7 8 (8
of 10)
1 9 (9
of 10)
60 NA NA
v306. Self-reliance: Early Boy { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=155; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
1 0 no
inculcation, or opposite trait (0 of 10)
7 1 (1
of 10)
39 2 (2
of 10)
27 3 (3
of 10)
9 4 (4
of 10)
42 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
16 6 (6
of 10)
2 7 (7
of 10)
10 8 (8
of 10)
2 9 (9
of 10)
31 NA NA
v307. Self-reliance: Early Girl { (Higher values represent stronger
inculcation) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=153; Number of unique values=9
Freq Value Description
2 0 no
inculcation, or opposite trait (0 of 10)
8 1 (1
of 10)
48 2 (2
of 10)
29 3 (3
of 10)
11 4 (4
of 10)
35 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
12 6 (6
of 10)
4 7 (7
of 10)
4 8 (8
of 10)
33 NA NA
v308. Self-reliance: Late Boy { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
4 1 (1
of 10)
6 2 (2
of 10)
5 3 (3
of 10)
5 4 (4
of 10)
34 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
39 6 (6
of 10)
6 7 (7
of 10)
49 8 (8
of 10)
11 9 (9
of 10)
1 10 extremely
strong inculcation (10 of 10)
26 NA NA
v309. Self-reliance: Late Girl { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=153; Number of unique
values=11
Freq Value Description
1 0 no
inculcation, or opposite trait (0 of 10)
5 1 (1
of 10)
10 2 (2
of 10)
15 3 (3
of 10)
10 4 (4
of 10)
48 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
34 6 (6
of 10)
6 7 (7
of 10)
19 8 (8
of 10)
4 9 (9
of 10)
1 10 extremely
strong inculcation (10 of 10)
33 NA NA
v310. Achievement: Early Boy { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=146; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
1 0 no
inculcation, or opposite trait (0 of 10)
3 1 (1
of 10)
49 2 (2
of 10)
23 3 (3
of 10)
4 4 (4
of 10)
44 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
17 6 (6
of 10)
1 7 (7
of 10)
3 8 (8
of 10)
1 9 (9
of 10)
40 NA NA
v311. Achievement: Early Girl { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=136; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
1 0 no
inculcation, or opposite trait (0 of 10)
2 1 (1
of 10)
49 2 (2
of 10)
24 3 (3
of 10)
4 4 (4
of 10)
36 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
17 6 (6
of 10)
1 7 (7
of 10)
2 8 (8
of 10)
50 NA NA
v312. Achievement: Late Boy { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
1 1 (1
of 10)
14 2 (2
of 10)
16 3 (3
of 10)
8 4 (4
of 10)
46 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
47 6 (6
of 10)
3 7 (7
of 10)
22 8 (8
of 10)
5 9 (9
of 10)
24 NA NA
v313. Achievement: Late Girl { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=152; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
2 1 (1
of 10)
7 2 (2
of 10)
16 3 (3
of 10)
8 4 (4
of 10)
50 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
45 6 (6
of 10)
4 7 (7
of 10)
18 8 (8
of 10)
2 9 (9
of 10)
34 NA NA
v314. Industry: Early Boy { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=166; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
4 0 no
inculcation, or opposite trait (0 of 10)
10 1 (1
of 10)
83 2 (2
of 10)
28 3 (3
of 10)
14 4 (4
of 10)
20 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
6 6 (6
of 10)
1 8 (8
of 10)
20 NA NA
v315. Industry: Early Girl { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=165; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
3 0 no
inculcation, or opposite trait (0 of 10)
3 1 (1
of 10)
62 2 (2
of 10)
35 3 (3
of 10)
13 4 (4
of 10)
35 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
14 6 (6
of 10)
21 NA NA
v316. Industry: Late Boy { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=175; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
1 1 (1
of 10)
10 2 (2
of 10)
17 3 (3
of 10)
16 4 (4
of 10)
69 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
37 6 (6
of 10)
3 7 (7
of 10)
19 8 (8
of 10)
3 9 (9
of 10)
11 NA NA
v317. Industry: Late Girl { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=175; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
4 2 (2
of 10)
11 3 (3
of 10)
6 4 (4
of 10)
41 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
63 6 (6
of 10)
8 7 (7
of 10)
38 8 (8
of 10)
4 9 (9
of 10)
11 NA NA
v318. Responsibility: Early Boy { (Higher values represent stronger
inculcation) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=151; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
11 0 no
inculcation, or opposite trait (0 of 10)
8 1 (1
of 10)
73 2 (2
of 10)
23 3 (3
of 10)
6 4 (4
of 10)
21 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
8 6 (6
of 10)
1 8 (8
of 10)
35 NA NA
v319. Responsibility: Early Girl { (Higher values represent stronger
inculcation) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=150; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
4 0 no
inculcation, or opposite trait (0 of 10)
5 1 (1
of 10)
63 2 (2
of 10)
32 3 (3
of 10)
5 4 (4
of 10)
33 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
7 6 (6
of 10)
1 8 (8
of 10)
36 NA NA
v320. Responsibility: Late Boy { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
3 0 no
inculcation, or opposite trait (0 of 10)
15 2 (2
of 10)
20 3 (3
of 10)
15 4 (4
of 10)
49 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
37 6 (6
of 10)
2 7 (7
of 10)
19 8 (8
of 10)
1 9 (9
of 10)
25 NA NA
v321. Responsibility: Late Girl { (Higher values represent stronger
inculcation) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=158; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
3 2 (2
of 10)
11 3 (3
of 10)
12 4 (4
of 10)
50 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
51 6 (6
of 10)
3 7 (7
of 10)
28 8 (8
of 10)
28 NA NA
v322. Obedience: Early Boy { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique
values=11
Freq Value Description
2 0 no
inculcation, or opposite trait (0 of 10)
3 1 (1
of 10)
27 2 (2
of 10)
11 3 (3
of 10)
14 4 (4
of 10)
45 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
27 6 (6
of 10)
2 7 (7
of 10)
22 8 (8
of 10)
4 9 (9
of 10)
3 10 extremely
strong inculcation (10 of 10)
26 NA NA
v323. Obedience: Early Girl { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
3 1 (1
of 10)
23 2 (2
of 10)
13 3 (3
of 10)
11 4 (4
of 10)
44 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
31 6 (6
of 10)
2 7 (7
of 10)
25 8 (8
of 10)
5 9 (9
of 10)
4 10 extremely
strong inculcation (10 of 10)
25 NA NA
v324. Obedience: Late Boy { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique
values=11
Freq Value Description
1 0 no
inculcation, or opposite trait (0 of 10)
1 1 (1
of 10)
15 2 (2
of 10)
10 3 (3
of 10)
12 4 (4
of 10)
45 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
33 6 (6
of 10)
2 7 (7
of 10)
32 8 (8
of 10)
8 9 (9
of 10)
3 10 extremely
strong inculcation (10 of 10)
24 NA NA
v325. Obedience: Late Girl { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique values=9
Freq Value Description
10 2 (2
of 10)
10 3 (3
of 10)
11 4 (4
of 10)
45 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
36 6 (6
of 10)
3 7 (7
of 10)
32 8 (8
of 10)
11 9 (9
of 10)
4 10 extremely
strong inculcation (10 of 10)
24 NA NA
v326. Self-restraint: Early Boy { (Higher values represent stronger
inculcation) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=134; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
6 1 (1
of 10)
38 2 (2
of 10)
35 3 (3
of 10)
5 4 (4
of 10)
29 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
13 6 (6
of 10)
8 8 (8
of 10)
52 NA NA
v327. Self-restraint: Early Girl { (Higher values represent stronger
inculcation) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=133; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
7 1 (1
of 10)
32 2 (2
of 10)
31 3 (3
of 10)
7 4 (4
of 10)
34 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
14 6 (6
of 10)
7 8 (8
of 10)
1 9 (9
of 10)
53 NA NA
v328. Self-restraint: Late Boy { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
1 1 (1
of 10)
19 2 (2
of 10)
19 3 (3
of 10)
12 4 (4
of 10)
35 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
26 6 (6
of 10)
2 7 (7
of 10)
20 8 (8
of 10)
1 9 (9
of 10)
51 NA NA
v329. Self-restraint: Late Girl { (Higher values represent stronger
inculcation) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=132; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
1 1 (1
of 10)
16 2 (2
of 10)
16 3 (3
of 10)
11 4 (4
of 10)
45 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
26 6 (6
of 10)
1 7 (7
of 10)
13 8 (8
of 10)
3 9 (9
of 10)
54 NA NA
v330. Sexual Restraint: Early Boy { (Higher values represent stronger
inculcation) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=156; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
1 0 no
inculcation, or opposite trait (0 of 10)
14 1 (1
of 10)
67 2 (2
of 10)
22 3 (3
of 10)
14 4 (4
of 10)
30 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
7 6 (6
of 10)
1 8 (8
of 10)
30 NA NA
v331. Sexual Restraint: Early Girl { (Higher values represent stronger
inculcation) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=154; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
1 0 no
inculcation, or opposite trait (0 of 10)
11 1 (1
of 10)
57 2 (2
of 10)
19 3 (3
of 10)
14 4 (4
of 10)
32 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
14 6 (6
of 10)
1 7 (7
of 10)
5 8 (8
of 10)
32 NA NA
v332. Sexual Restraint: Late Boy { (Higher values represent stronger
inculcation) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=164; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
7 1 (1
of 10)
41 2 (2
of 10)
27 3 (3
of 10)
25 4 (4
of 10)
41 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
15 6 (6
of 10)
2 7 (7
of 10)
6 8 (8
of 10)
22 NA NA
v333. Sexual Restraint: Late Girl { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=165; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
4 1 (1
of 10)
32 2 (2
of 10)
18 3 (3
of 10)
25 4 (4
of 10)
24 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
27 6 (6
of 10)
6 7 (7
of 10)
18 8 (8
of 10)
5 9 (9
of 10)
6 10 extremely
strong inculcation (10 of 10)
21 NA NA
v334. Generosity { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
1 1 (1
of 10)
4 2 (2
of 10)
6 3 (3
of 10)
4 4 (4
of 10)
24 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
31 6 (6
of 10)
2 7 (7
of 10)
27 8 (8
of 10)
4 9 (9
of 10)
1 10 extremely
strong inculcation (10 of 10)
82 NA NA
v335. Trust { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=138; Number of unique
values=11
Freq Value Description
1 0 no
inculcation, or opposite trait (0 of 10)
6 1 (1
of 10)
19 2 (2
of 10)
5 3 (3
of 10)
15 4 (4
of 10)
34 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
18 6 (6
of 10)
11 7 (7
of 10)
25 8 (8
of 10)
3 9 (9
of 10)
1 10 extremely
strong inculcation (10 of 10)
48 NA NA
v336. Honesty { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique
values=11
Freq Value Description
1 0 no
inculcation, or opposite trait (0 of 10)
5 1 (1
of 10)
18 2 (2
of 10)
15 3 (3
of 10)
13 4 (4
of 10)
28 5 moderately
strong inculcation (5 of 10)
15 6 (6
of 10)
5 7 (7
of 10)
8 8 (8
of 10)
1 9 (9
of 10)
1 10 extremely
strong inculcation (10 of 10)
76 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Barry, Herbert,III, Lili Josephson, Edith Lauer, and Catherine
Marshall. 1977. Agents and Techniques for Child Training: Cross-Cultural Codes
6. Ethnology 16: 191-230
v337. Importance of Non-family Companions: Early Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
2 1 Parents
predominantly
11 2 Siblings;
not other children
104 3 Primarily
siblings, secondarily other children
45 4 Primarily
other children, secondarily siblings
18 5 Other
children; not siblings
6 NA NA
v338. Importance of Non-family Companions: Early Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
2 1 Parents
predominantly
12 2 Siblings;
not other children
105 3 Primarily
siblings, secondarily other children
44 4 Primarily
other children, secondarily siblings
17 5 Other
children; not siblings
6 NA NA
v339. Importance of Non-family Companions: Late Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
1 1 Parents
predominantly
3 2 Siblings;
not other children
80 3 Primarily
siblings, secondarily other children
47 4 Primarily
other children, secondarily siblings
49 5 Other
children; not siblings
6 NA NA
v340. Importance of Non-family Companions: Late Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=178; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
1 1 Parents
predominantly
8 2 Siblings;
not other children
91 3 Primarily
siblings, secondarily other children
37 4 Primarily
other children, secondarily siblings
41 5 Other
children; not siblings
8 NA NA
v341. Sex of Companions: Early Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
6 1 Male
exclusively
62 2 Male
predominantly
111 3 Both
sexes equally
1 4 Female
predominantly
6 NA NA
v342. Sex of Companions: Early Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
112 3 Both
sexes equally
62 4 Female
predominantly
6 5 Female
exclusively
6 NA NA
v343. Sex of Companions: Late Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique values=4
Freq Value Description
58 1 Male
exclusively
90 2 Male
predominantly
31 3 Both
sexes equally
1 4 Female
predominantly
6 NA NA
v344. Sex of Companions: Late Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=178; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
1 2 Male
predominantly
32 3 Both
sexes equally
84 4 Female
predominantly
61 5 Female
exclusively
8 NA NA
v345. Importance of Non-parent in Residence: Early Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique values=6
Freq Value Description
56 1 Exclusively
parental
63 2 Single
atypical or occasional category of non-parent
7 3 Two
or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent
39 4 Single
category that typical and frequent but less important than parents
14 5 Two
or more categories, at least oneof which typical and frequent, but less
important than parents
3 6 More
typical and frequent than parents
4 NA NA
v346. Importance of Non-parent in Residence: Early Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
62 1 Exclusively
parental
67 2 Single
atypical or occasional category of non-parent
10 3 Two
or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent
28 4 Single
category that typical and frequent but less important than parents
12 5 Two
or more categories, at least oneof which typical and frequent, but less
important than parents
3 6 More
typical and frequent than parents
4 NA NA
v347. Importance of Non-parent in Residence: Late Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
44 1 Exclusively
parental
52 2 Single
atypical or occasional category of non-parent
4 3 Two
or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent
34 4 Single
category that typical and frequent but less important than parents
19 5 Two
or more categories, at least oneof which typical and frequent, but less
important than parents
5 6 More
typical and frequent than parents
24 7 Exclusively
non-parental
4 NA NA
v348. Importance of Non-parent in Residence: Late Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
48 1 Exclusively
parental
67 2 Single
atypical or occasional category of non-parent
11 3 Two
or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent
25 4 Single
category that typical and frequent but less important than parents
14 5 Two
or more categories, at least oneof which typical and frequent, but less
important than parents
3 6 More
typical and frequent than parents
14 7 Exclusively
non-parental
4 NA NA
v349. Principal Category of Non-parental Agent: Early Boy
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=126; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
100 1 Foster
parent
7 3 Grandparent
4 4 Uncle
(mothers brother only)
10 5 Relative
(including fathers brother)
2 6 Child
3 7 Nonrelative
60 NA NA
v350. Principal Category of Non-parental Agent: Early Girl
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=120; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
90 1 Foster
parent
9 3 Grandparent
2 4 Uncle
(mothers brother only)
7 5 Relative
(including fathers brother)
3 6 Child
9 7 Nonrelative
66 NA NA
v351. Principal Category of Non-parental Agent: Late Boy
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=138; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
77 1 Foster
parent
4 3 Grandparent
5 4 Uncle
(mothers brother only)
15 5 Relative
(including fathers brother)
21 6 Child
12 7 Nonrelative
4 9 Independence
of child; no agent
48 NA NA
v352. Principal Category of Non-parental Agent: Late Girl
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
74 1 Foster
parent
12 3 Grandparent
2 4 Uncle
(mothers brother only)
13 5 Relative
(including fathers brother)
10 6 Child
23 7 Nonrelative
1 9 Independence
of child; no agent
51 NA NA
v353. Sex of Parents in Residence: Early Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
2 2 Male
predominantly
135 3 Both
sexes equally
22 4 Female
predominantly
23 5 Female
exclusively
4 NA NA
v354. Sex of Parents in Residence: Early Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
1 2 Male
predominantly
135 3 Both
sexes equally
21 4 Female
predominantly
25 5 Female
exclusively
4 NA NA
v355. Sex of Parents in Residence: Late Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=158; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
9 1 Male
exclusively
1 2 Male
predominantly
124 3 Both
sexes equally
13 4 Female
predominantly
11 5 Female
exclusively
28 NA NA
v356. Sex of Parents in Residence: Late Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=168; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
1 2 Male
predominantly
127 3 Both
sexes equally
16 4 Female
predominantly
24 5 Female
exclusively
18 NA NA
v357. Sex of Non-parents in Residence: Early Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=125; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
8 1 Male
exclusively
1 2 Male
predominantly
114 3 Both
sexes equally
2 5 Female
exclusively
61 NA NA
v358. Sex of Non-parents in Residence: Early Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=121; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
4 1 Male
exclusively
107 3 Both
sexes equally
1 4 Female
predominantly
9 5 Female
exclusively
65 NA NA
v359. Sex of Non-parents in Residence: Late Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=134; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
33 1 Male
exclusively
1 2 Male
predominantly
98 3 Both
sexes equally
2 5 Female
exclusively
52 NA NA
v360. Sex of Non-parents in Residence: Late Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=133; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
9 1 Male
exclusively
1 2 Male
predominantly
105 3 Both
sexes equally
18 5 Female
exclusively
53 NA NA
v361. Non-parental Involvement in Child Caring: Early Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=179; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
33 1 Exclusively
parental
19 2 Single
atypical or occasional category of non-parent
21 3 Two
or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent
26 4 Single
category that typical and frequent but less important than parents
57 5 Two
or more categories, at least one of which typical and frequent, but less
important than parents
17 6 More
typical and frequent than parents
6 7 Exclusively
non-parental
7 NA NA
v362. Non-parental Involvement in Child Caring: Early Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
35 1 Exclusively
parental
19 2 Single
atypical or occasional category of non-parent
21 3 Two
or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent
24 4 Single
category that typical and frequent but less important than parents
59 5 Two
or more categories, at least one of which typical and frequent, but less
important than parents
17 6 More
typical and frequent than parents
5 7 Exclusively
non-parental
6 NA NA
v363. Non-parental Involvement in Child Caring: Late Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
34 1 Exclusively
parental
13 2 Single
atypical or occasional category of non-parent
17 3 Two
or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent
24 4 Single
category that typical and frequent but less important than parents
35 5 Two
or more categories, at least one of which typical and frequent, but less
important than parents
9 6 More
typical and frequent than parents
28 7 Exclusively
non-parental
26 NA NA
v364. Non-parental Involvement in Child Caring: Late Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=163; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
39 1 Exclusively
parental
14 2 Single
atypical or occasional category of non-parent
19 3 Two
or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent
22 4 Single
category that typical and frequent but less important than parents
41 5 Two
or more categories, at least one of which typical and frequent, but less important
than parents
10 6 More
typical and frequent than parents
18 7 Exclusively
non-parental
23 NA NA
v365. Principal Category of Non-parental Caretaker: Early Boy
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=146; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
58 2 Sibling
38 3 Grandparent
4 4 Uncle
(mothers brother only)
18 5 Relative
(including fathers brother)
4 6 Child
22 7 Nonrelative
1 8 Teacher
1 9 No
agent
40 NA NA
v366. Principal Category of Non-parental Caretaker: Early Girl
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=145; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
59 2 Sibling
39 3 Grandparent
1 4 Uncle
(mothers brother only)
17 5 Relative
(including fathers brother)
4 6 Child
24 7 Nonrelative
1 9 No
agent
41 NA NA
v367. Principal Category of Non-parental Caretaker: Late Boy
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=127; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
40 2 Sibling
26 3 Grandparent
2 4 Uncle
(mothers brother only)
13 5 Relative
(including fathers brother)
4 6 Child
18 7 Nonrelative
1 8 Teacher
23 9 No
agent
59 NA NA
v368. Principal Category of Non-parental Caretaker: Late Girl
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=123; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
42 2 Sibling
32 3 Grandparent
2 4 Uncle
(mothers brother only)
14 5 Relative
(including fathers brother)
2 6 Child
19 7 Nonrelative
1 8 Teacher
11 9 No
agent
63 NA NA
v369. Sex of Parental Caretakers: Early Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=173; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
1 1 Male
exclusively
4 2 Male
predominantly
26 3 Both
sexes equally
38 4 Female
predominantly
104 5 Female
exclusively
13 NA NA
v370. Sex of Parental Caretakers: Early Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=175; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
2 1 Male
exclusively
2 2 Male
predominantly
25 3 Both
sexes equally
29 4 Female
predominantly
117 5 Female
exclusively
11 NA NA
v371. Sex of Parental Caretakers: Late Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=132; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
11 1 Male
exclusively
3 2 Male
predominantly
17 3 Both
sexes equally
22 4 Female
predominantly
79 5 Female
exclusively
54 NA NA
v372. Sex of Parental Caretakers: Late Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=145; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
2 1 Male
exclusively
1 2 Male
predominantly
17 3 Both
sexes equally
22 4 Female
predominantly
103 5 Female
exclusively
41 NA NA
v373. Sex of Principal Non-parental Caretakers: Early Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=145; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
5 1 Male
exclusively
4 2 Male
predominantly
59 3 Both
sexes equally
12 4 Female
predominantly
65 5 Female
exclusively
41 NA NA
v374. Sex of Principal Non-parental Caretakers: Early Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=144; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
2 1 Male
exclusively
2 2 Male
predominantly
54 3 Both
sexes equally
11 4 Female
predominantly
75 5 Female
exclusively
42 NA NA
v375. Sex of Principal Non-parental Caretakers: Late Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=103; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
11 1 Male
exclusively
1 2 Male
predominantly
43 3 Both
sexes equally
7 4 Female
predominantly
41 5 Female
exclusively
83 NA NA
v376. Sex of Principal Non-parental Caretakers: Late Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=111; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
3 1 Male
exclusively
1 2 Male
predominantly
42 3 Both
sexes equally
6 4 Female
predominantly
59 5 Female
exclusively
75 NA NA
v377. Non-parental Involvement in Authority: Early Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=175; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
61 1 Exclusively
parental
13 2 Single
atypical or occasional category of non-parent
8 3 Two
or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent
45 4 Single
category typical and frequent but less important than parents
34 5 Two
or more categories, at least one of which typical and frequent, but less
important than parents
11 6 More
typical and frequent than parents
3 7 Exclusively
non-parental
11 NA NA
v378. Non-parental Involvement in Authority: Early Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=176; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
67 1 Exclusively
parental
15 2 Single
atypical or occasional category of non-parent
10 3 Two
or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent
42 4 Single
category typical and frequent but less important than parents
30 5 Two
or more categories, at least one of which typical and frequent, but less
important than parents
9 6 More
typical and frequent than parents
3 7 Exclusively
non-parental
10 NA NA
v379. Non-parental Involvement in Authority: Late Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
49 1 Exclusively
parental
12 2 Single
atypical or occasional category of non-parent
5 3 Two
or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent
38 4 Single
category typical and frequent but less important than parents
33 5 Two
or more categories, at least one of which typical and frequent, but less
important than parents
10 6 More
typical and frequent than parents
25 7 Exclusively
non-parental
14 NA NA
v380. Non-parental Involvement in Authority: Late Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=176; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
62 1 Exclusively
parental
13 2 Single
atypical or occasional category of non-parent
9 3 Two
or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent
41 4 Single
category typical and frequent but less important than parents
28 5 Two
or more categories, at least one of which typical and frequent, but less
important than parents
7 6 More
typical and frequent than parents
16 7 Exclusively
non-parental
10 NA NA
v381. Principal Non-parental Authority Figures: Early Boy
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=114; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
33 2 Sibling
26 3 Grandparent
17 4 Uncle
(mothers brother only)
24 5 Relative
(including fathers brother)
3 6 Child
9 7 Nonrelative
1 8 Teacher
1 9 Independence
of child; no agent
72 NA NA
v382. Principal Non-parental Authority Figures: Early Girl
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=109; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
34 2 Sibling
28 3 Grandparent
12 4 Uncle
(mothers brother only)
23 5 Relative
(including fathers brother)
1 6 Child
9 7 Nonrelative
1 8 Teacher
1 9 Independence
of child; no agent
77 NA NA
v383. Principal Non-parental Authority Figures: Late Boy
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=123; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
32 2 Sibling
22 3 Grandparent
15 4 Uncle
(mothers brother only)
19 5 Relative
(including fathers brother)
9 6 Child
17 7 Nonrelative
7 8 Teacher
2 9 Independence
of child; no agent
63 NA NA
v384. Principal Non-parental Authority Figures: Late Girl
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=114; Number of unique values=8
Freq Value Description
32 2 Sibling
26 3 Grandparent
8 4 Uncle
(mothers brother only)
22 5 Relative
(including fathers brother)
4 6 Child
15 7 Nonrelative
5 8 Teacher
2 9 Independence
of child; no agent
72 NA NA
v385. Sex of Parental Authority Figures: Early Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
36 1 Male
exclusively
66 2 Male
predominantly
55 3 Both
sexes equally
8 4 Female
predominantly
7 5 Female
exclusively
14 NA NA
v386. Sex of Parental Authority Figures: Early Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=173; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
17 1 Male
exclusively
58 2 Male
predominantly
59 3 Both
sexes equally
20 4 Female
predominantly
19 5 Female
exclusively
13 NA NA
v387. Sex of Parental Authority Figures: Late Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=147; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
43 1 Male
exclusively
53 2 Male
predominantly
43 3 Both
sexes equally
3 4 Female
predominantly
5 5 Female
exclusively
39 NA NA
v388. Sex of Parental Authority Figures: Late Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
17 1 Male
exclusively
50 2 Male
predominantly
52 3 Both
sexes equally
20 4 Female
predominantly
21 5 Female
exclusively
26 NA NA
v389. Sex of Principal Non-parental Authority Figures: Early Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=113; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
66 1 Male
exclusively
4 2 Male
predominantly
37 3 Both
sexes equally
2 4 Female
predominantly
4 5 Female
exclusively
73 NA NA
v390. Sex of Principal Non-parental Authority Figures: Early Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=108; Number of unique values=5
Freq Value Description
48 1 Male
exclusively
5 2 Male
predominantly
35 3 Both
sexes equally
2 4 Female
predominantly
18 5 Female
exclusively
78 NA NA
v391. Sex of Principal Non-parental Authority Figures: Late Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=121; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
80 1 Male
exclusively
6 2 Male
predominantly
29 3 Both
sexes equally
2 4 Female
predominantly
4 5 Female
exclusively
65 NA NA
v392. Sex of Principal Non-parental Authority Figures: Late Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=108; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
38 1 Male
exclusively
5 2 Male
predominantly
31 3 Both
sexes equally
4 4 Female
predominantly
30 5 Female
exclusively
78 NA NA
v393. Non-parental Involvement in Discipline: Early Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=76; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
34 1 Exclusively
parental
2 2 Single
atypical or occasional category of non-parent
3 3 Two
or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent
12 4 Single
category typical and frequent but less important than parents
14 5 Two
or more categories, at least one of which typical and frequent, but less
important than parents
3 6 More
typical and frequent than parents
8 7 Exclusively
non-parental
110 NA NA
v394. Non-parental Involvement in Discipline: Early Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=74; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
32 1 Exclusively
parental
3 2 Single
atypical or occasional category of non-parent
2 3 Two
or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent
11 4 Single
category typical and frequent but less important than parents
13 5 Two
or more categories, at least one of which typical and frequent, but less
important than parents
3 6 More
typical and frequent than parents
10 7 Exclusively
non-parental
112 NA NA
v395. Non-parental Involvement in Discipline: Late Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=77; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
25 1 Exclusively
parental
2 2 Single
atypical or occasional category of non-parent
3 3 Two
or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent
18 4 Single
category typical and frequent but less important than parents
12 5 Two
or more categories, at least one of which typical and frequent, but less
important than parents
4 6 More
typical and frequent than parents
13 7 Exclusively
non-parental
109 NA NA
v396. Non-parental Involvement in Discipline: Late Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=73; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
28 1 Exclusively
parental
6 2 Single
atypical or occasional category of non-parent
2 3 Two
or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent
14 4 Single
category typical and frequent but less important than parents
8 5 Two
or more categories, at least one of which typical and frequent, but less
important than parents
3 6 More
typical and frequent than parents
12 7 Exclusively
non-parental
113 NA NA
v397. Principal Non-parental Disciplinarians: Early Boy
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=42; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
12 2 Sibling
6 3 Grandparent
4 4 Uncle
(mothers brother only)
5 5 Relative
(including fathers brother)
2 6 Child
8 7 Nonrelative
2 8 Teacher
3 9 Independence
of child; no agent
144 NA NA
v398. Principal Non-parental Disciplinarians: Early Girl
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=42; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
13 2 Sibling
7 3 Grandparent
3 4 Uncle
(mothers brother only)
5 5 Relative
(including fathers brother)
2 6 Child
7 7 Nonrelative
2 8 Teacher
3 9 Independence
of child; no agent
144 NA NA
v399. Principal Non-parental Disciplinarians: Late Boy
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
10 2 Sibling
6 3 Grandparent
3 4 Uncle
(mothers brother only)
5 5 Relative
(including fathers brother)
7 6 Child
9 7 Nonrelative
9 8 Teacher
3 9 Independence
of child; no agent
134 NA NA
v400. Principal Non-parental Disciplinarians: Late Girl
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=45; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
13 2 Sibling
5 3 Grandparent
3 4 Uncle
(mothers brother only)
5 5 Relative
(including fathers brother)
1 6 Child
10 7 Nonrelative
5 8 Teacher
3 9 Independence
of child; no agent
141 NA NA
v401. Sex of Parental Disciplinarians: Early Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=68; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
18 1 Male
exclusively
9 2 Male
predominantly
21 3 Both
sexes equally
6 4 Female
predominantly
14 5 Female
exclusively
118 NA NA
v402. Sex of Parental Disciplinarians: Early Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=64; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
8 1 Male
exclusively
7 2 Male
predominantly
21 3 Both
sexes equally
7 4 Female
predominantly
21 5 Female
exclusively
122 NA NA
v403. Sex of Parental Disciplinarians: Late Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=64; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
24 1 Male
exclusively
8 2 Male
predominantly
18 3 Both
sexes equally
2 4 Female
predominantly
12 5 Female
exclusively
122 NA NA
v404. Sex of Parental Disciplinarians: Late Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=61; Number of unique values=5
Freq Value Description
7 1 Male
exclusively
6 2 Male
predominantly
18 3 Both
sexes equally
7 4 Female
predominantly
23 5 Female
exclusively
125 NA NA
v405. Sex of Principal Non-parental Disciplinarians: Early Boys
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
13 1 Male
exclusively
1 2 Male
predominantly
20 3 Both
sexes equally
5 5 Female
exclusively
147 NA NA
v406. Sex of Principal Non-parental Disciplinarians: Early Girls
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
7 1 Male
exclusively
21 3 Both
sexes equally
1 4 Female
predominantly
10 5 Female
exclusively
147 NA NA
v407. Sex of Principal Non-parental Disciplinarians: Late Boys
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=49; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
24 1 Male
exclusively
1 2 Male
predominantly
20 3 Both
sexes equally
4 5 Female
exclusively
137 NA NA
v408. Sex of Principal Non-parental Disciplinarians: Late Girls
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=42; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
9 1 Male
exclusively
21 3 Both
sexes equally
12 5 Female
exclusively
144 NA NA
v409. Non-parental Involvement in Education: Early Boys
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=176; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
36 1 Exclusively
parental
18 2 Single
atypical or occasional category of non-parent
7 3 Two
or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent
26 4 Single
category typical and frequent but less important than parents
46 5 Two
or more categories, at least one of which typical and frequent, but less
important than parents
30 6 More
typical and frequent than parents
13 7 Exclusively
non-parental
10 NA NA
v410. Non-parental Involvement in Education: Early Girls
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=176; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
51 1 Exclusively
parental
16 2 Single
atypical or occasional category of non-parent
10 3 Two
or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent
30 4 Single
category typical and frequent but less important than parents
42 5 Two
or more categories, at least one of which typical and frequent, but less
important than parents
21 6 More
typical and frequent than parents
6 7 Exclusively
non-parental
10 NA NA
v411. Non-parental Involvement in Education: Late Boys
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=177; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
23 1 Exclusively
parental
16 2 Single
atypical or occasional category of non-parent
7 3 Two
or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent
31 4 Single
category typical and frequent but less important than parents
50 5 Two
or more categories, at least one of which typical and frequent, but less important
than parents
29 6 More
typical and frequent than parents
21 7 Exclusively
non-parental
9 NA NA
v412. Non-parental Involvement in Education: Late Girls
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=177; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
53 1 Exclusively
parental
16 2 Single
atypical or occasional category of non-parent
7 3 Two
or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent
26 4 Single
category typical and frequent but less important than parents
44 5 Two
or more categories, at least one of which typical and frequent, but less
important than parents
15 6 More
typical and frequent than parents
16 7 Exclusively
non-parental
9 NA NA
v413. Principal Category of Non-parental Educators: Early Boys
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=139; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
28 2 Sibling
18 3 Grandparent
7 4 Uncle
(mothers brother only)
19 5 Relative
(including fathers brother)
37 6 Child
21 7 Nonrelative
9 8 Teacher
47 NA NA
v414. Principal Category of Non-parental Educators: Early Girls
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=125; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
28 2 Sibling
23 3 Grandparent
2 4 Uncle
(mothers brother only)
20 5 Relative
(including fathers brother)
28 6 Child
20 7 Nonrelative
4 8 Teacher
61 NA NA
v415. Principal Category of Non-parental Educators: Late Boys
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=153; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
21 2 Sibling
13 3 Grandparent
11 4 Uncle
(mothers brother only)
13 5 Relative
(including fathers brother)
26 6 Child
34 7 Nonrelative
35 8 Teacher
33 NA NA
v416. Principal Category of Non-parental Educators: Late Girls
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=124; Number of unique values=7
Freq Value Description
21 2 Sibling
15 3 Grandparent
1 4 Uncle
(mothers brother only)
19 5 Relative
(including fathers brother)
13 6 Child
33 7 Nonrelative
22 8 Teacher
62 NA NA
v417. Sex of Parental Educators: Early Boys
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=163; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
58 1 Male
exclusively
27 2 Male
predominantly
51 3 Both
sexes equally
17 4 Female
predominantly
10 5 Female
exclusively
23 NA NA
v418. Sex of Parental Educators: Early Girls
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
4 1 Male
exclusively
2 2 Male
predominantly
40 3 Both
sexes equally
20 4 Female
predominantly
104 5 Female
exclusively
16 NA NA
v419. Sex of Parental Educators: Late Boys
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=155; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
117 1 Male
exclusively
18 2 Male
predominantly
14 3 Both
sexes equally
3 4 Female
predominantly
3 5 Female
exclusively
31 NA NA
v420. Sex of Parental Educators: Late Girls
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
3 1 Male
exclusively
1 2 Male
predominantly
11 3 Both
sexes equally
12 4 Female
predominantly
133 5 Female
exclusively
26 NA NA
v421. Sex of Principal Non-parental Educators: Early Boys
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=140; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
67 1 Male
exclusively
6 2 Male
predominantly
61 3 Both
sexes equally
6 5 Female
exclusively
46 NA NA
v422. Sex of Principal Non-parental Educators: Early Girls
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=125; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
5 1 Male
exclusively
1 2 Male
predominantly
53 3 Both
sexes equally
5 4 Female
predominantly
61 5 Female
exclusively
61 NA NA
v423. Sex of Principal Non-parental Educators: Late Boys
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=154; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
106 1 Male
exclusively
3 2 Male
predominantly
42 3 Both
sexes equally
3 5 Female
exclusively
32 NA NA
v424. Sex of Principal Non-parental Educators: Late Girls
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=124; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
7 1 Male
exclusively
30 3 Both
sexes equally
3 4 Female
predominantly
84 5 Female
exclusively
62 NA NA
v425. Guidance or Formal Schooling: Early Boys
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=177; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
46 1 Informal
training, with minimal guidance
20 2 Apprenticeship
atypical or occasional
78 3 Apprenticeship
typical and frequent but informal training more prevalent
8 4 Apprenticeship
predominant
14 5 Formal
schooling atypical or occasional
11 6 Formal
schooling typical and frequent
9 NA NA
v426. Guidance or Formal Schooling: Early Girls
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=177; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
47 1 Informal
training, with minimal guidance
11 2 Apprenticeship
atypical or occasional
88 3 Apprenticeship
typical and frequent but informal training more prevalent
11 4 Apprenticeship
predominant
10 5 Formal
schooling atypical or occasional
10 6 Formal
schooling typical and frequent
9 NA NA
v427. Guidance or Formal Schooling: Late Boys
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=178; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
13 1 Informal
training, with minimal guidance
6 2 Apprenticeship
atypical or occasional
42 3 Apprenticeship
typical and frequent but informal training more prevalent
43 4 Apprenticeship
predominant
33 5 Formal
schooling atypical or occasional
41 6 Formal
schooling typical and frequent
8 NA NA
v428. Guidance or Formal Schooling: Late Girls
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=178; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
16 1 Informal
training, with minimal guidance
3 2 Apprenticeship
atypical or occasional
55 3 Apprenticeship
typical and frequent but informal training more prevalent
47 4 Apprenticeship
predominant
32 5 Formal
schooling atypical or occasional
25 6 Formal
schooling typical and frequent
8 NA NA
v429. Use of Example: Early Boys
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=152; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
25 6 Children
are expected to do things more or less by example
22 7 7
2 8 8
79 9 Children
frequently shown example; consi- dered very important in socializing
child
21 10 10
3 11 Example
given as most important method of education, or adults are constantly showing
children how to do things.
34 NA NA
v430. Use of Example: Early Girls
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=153; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
24 6 Children
are expected to do things more or less by example
23 7 7
2 8 8
79 9 Children
frequently shown example; consi- dered very important in socializing
child
22 10 10
3 11 Example
given as most important method of education, or adults are constantly showing
children how to do things.
33 NA NA
v431. Use of Example: Late Boys
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=153; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
20 6 Children
are expected to do things more or less by example
23 7 7
2 8 8
83 9 Children
frequently shown example; consi- dered very important in socializing
child
22 10 10
3 11 Example
given as most important method of education, or adults are constantly showing
children how to do things.
33 NA NA
v432. Use of Example: Late Girls
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=155; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
20 6 Children
are expected to do things more or less by example
23 7 7
2 8 8
84 9 Children
frequently shown example; consi- dered very important in socializing
child
23 10 10
3 11 Example
given as most important method of education, or adults are constantly showing
children how to do things.
31 NA NA
v433. Control by Public Opinion: Early Boys { (higher values indicate that
approval by people serves as a stronger control of the behavior of children)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=91; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
3 3 (3
of 11)
2 4 (4
of 11)
2 5 (5
of 11)
20 6 (6
of 11)
28 7 (7
of 11)
2 8 (8
of 11)
30 9 (9
of 11)
4 10 (10
of 11)
95 NA NA
v434. Control by Public Opinion: Early Girls { (higher values indicate that
approval by people serves as a stronger control of the behavior of children)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
3 3 (3
of 11)
2 4 (4
of 11)
2 5 (5
of 11)
20 6 (6
of 11)
28 7 (7
of 11)
2 8 (8
of 11)
30 9 (9
of 11)
5 10 (10
of 11)
94 NA NA
v435. Control by Public Opinion: Late Boys { (higher values indicate that
approval by people serves as a stronger control of the behavior of children)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=95; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
2 3 (3
of 11)
2 4 (4
of 11)
2 5 (5
of 11)
21 6 (6
of 11)
29 7 (7
of 11)
2 8 (8
of 11)
33 9 (9
of 11)
4 10 (10
of 11)
91 NA NA
v436. Control by Public Opinion: Late Girls { (higher values indicate that
approval by people serves as a stronger control of the behavior of children)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=94; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
2 3 (3
of 11)
2 4 (4
of 11)
2 5 (5
of 11)
20 6 (6
of 11)
30 7 (7
of 11)
2 8 (8
of 11)
31 9 (9
of 11)
5 10 (10
of 11)
92 NA NA
v437. Lecturing: Early Boys
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=137; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
1 1 (1
of 11)
10 3 (3
of 11)
10 4 (4
of 11)
7 5 (5
of 11)
48 6 Often,
but not constant lectures / myths (6 of 11)
25 7 (7
of 11)
4 8 (8
of 11)
22 9 Almost
daily (9 of 11)
6 10 (10
of 11)
4 11 Constant
and one of the most important methods used in socializing child (11 of
11)
49 NA NA
v438. Lecturing: Early Girls
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=134; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
10 3 (3
of 11)
11 4 (4
of 11)
8 5 (5
of 11)
46 6 Often,
but not constant lectures / myths (6 of 11)
24 7 (7
of 11)
4 8 (8
of 11)
22 9 Almost
daily (9 of 11)
5 10 (10
of 11)
4 11 Constant
and one of the most important methods used in socializing child (11 of
11)
52 NA NA
v439. Lecturing: Late Boys
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=141; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
6 3 (3
of 11)
9 4 (4
of 11)
6 5 (5
of 11)
44 6 Often,
but not constant lectures / myths (6 of 11)
31 7 (7
of 11)
5 8 (8
of 11)
29 9 Almost
daily (9 of 11)
8 10 (10
of 11)
3 11 Constant
and one of the most important methods used in socializing child (11 of
11)
45 NA NA
v440. Lecturing: Late Girls
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=139; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
6 3 (3
of 11)
10 4 (4
of 11)
8 5 (5
of 11)
42 6 Often,
but not constant lectures / myths (6 of 11)
28 7 (7
of 11)
5 8 (8
of 11)
29 9 Almost
daily (9 of 11)
7 10 (10
of 11)
4 11 Constant
and one of the most important methods used in socializing child (11 of
11)
47 NA NA
v441. Teasing: Early Boys { (higher values indicate greater social control due
to shaming and exposure to ridicule for misconduct) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=101; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
9 3 (3
of 11)
8 4 (4
of 11)
4 5 (5
of 11)
34 6 (6
of 11)
24 7 (7
of 11)
2 8 (8
of 11)
19 9 (9
of 11)
1 10 (10
of 11)
85 NA NA
v442. Teasing: Early Girls { (higher values indicate greater social control due
to shaming and exposure to ridicule for misconduct) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=101; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
8 3 (3
of 11)
10 4 (4
of 11)
4 5 (5
of 11)
33 6 (6
of 11)
23 7 (7
of 11)
2 8 (8
of 11)
20 9 (9
of 11)
1 10 (10
of 11)
85 NA NA
v443. Teasing: Late Boys { (higher values indicate greater social control due
to shaming and exposure to ridicule for misconduct) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=113; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
5 3 (3
of 11)
8 4 (4
of 11)
4 5 (5
of 11)
39 6 (6
of 11)
31 7 (7
of 11)
2 8 (8
of 11)
23 9 (9
of 11)
1 10 (10
of 11)
73 NA NA
v444. Teasing: Late Girls { (higher values indicate greater social control due
to shaming and exposure to ridicule for misconduct) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=112; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
5 3 (3
of 11)
9 4 (4
of 11)
4 5 (5
of 11)
38 6 (6
of 11)
30 7 (7
of 11)
2 8 (8
of 11)
23 9 (9
of 11)
1 10 (10
of 11)
74 NA NA
v445. Scolding: Early Boys { (higher values indicate greater social control by
verbal reprimands, nagging, scolding for misbehavior) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
2 1 (1
of 11)
3 2 (2
of 11)
11 3 (3
of 11)
8 4 (4
of 11)
9 5 (5
of 11)
54 6 (6
of 11)
15 7 (7
of 11)
1 8 (8
of 11)
7 9 (9
of 11)
76 NA NA
v446. Scolding: Early Girls { (higher values indicate greater social control by
verbal reprimands, nagging, scolding for misbehavior) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=112; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
2 1 (1
of 11)
2 2 (2
of 11)
13 3 (3
of 11)
7 4 (4
of 11)
9 5 (5
of 11)
54 6 (6
of 11)
16 7 (7
of 11)
1 8 (8
of 11)
8 9 (9
of 11)
74 NA NA
v447. Scolding: Late Boys { (higher values indicate greater social control by
verbal reprimands, nagging, scolding for misbehavior) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=115; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
2 1 (1
of 11)
1 2 (2
of 11)
8 3 (3
of 11)
8 4 (4
of 11)
10 5 (5
of 11)
51 6 (6
of 11)
19 7 (7
of 11)
13 9 (9
of 11)
2 10 (10
of 11)
1 11 (11
of 11)
71 NA NA
v448. Scolding: Late Girls { (higher values indicate greater social control by
verbal reprimands, nagging, scolding for misbehavior) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=117; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
2 1 (1
of 11)
1 2 (2
of 11)
9 3 (3
of 11)
7 4 (4
of 11)
9 5 (5
of 11)
51 6 (6
of 11)
21 7 (7
of 11)
14 9 (9
of 11)
2 10 (10
of 11)
1 11 (11
of 11)
69 NA NA
v449. Warning: Early Boys { (higher values indicate greater social control
through threats of punishment by supernatural beings or strangers) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=99; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
4 3 (3
of 11)
3 4 (4
of 11)
4 5 (5
of 11)
29 6 (6
of 11)
38 7 (7
of 11)
1 8 (8
of 11)
14 9 (9
of 11)
6 10 (10
of 11)
87 NA NA
v450. Warning: Early Girls { (higher values indicate greater social control
through threats of punishment by supernatural beings or strangers) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=99; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
4 3 (3
of 11)
3 4 (4
of 11)
4 5 (5
of 11)
29 6 (6
of 11)
38 7 (7
of 11)
1 8 (8
of 11)
14 9 (9
of 11)
6 10 (10
of 11)
87 NA NA
v451. Warning: Late Boys { (higher values indicate greater social control
through threats of punishment by supernatural beings or strangers) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=100; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
1 2 (2
of 11)
5 3 (3
of 11)
4 4 (4
of 11)
4 5 (5
of 11)
32 6 (6
of 11)
36 7 (7
of 11)
1 8 (8
of 11)
11 9 (9
of 11)
6 10 (10
of 11)
86 NA NA
v452. Warning: Late Girls { (higher values indicate greater social control
through threats of punishment by supernatural beings or strangers) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=100; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
1 2 (2
of 11)
5 3 (3
of 11)
4 4 (4
of 11)
4 5 (5
of 11)
32 6 (6
of 11)
36 7 (7
of 11)
1 8 (8
of 11)
11 9 (9
of 11)
6 10 (10
of 11)
86 NA NA
v453. Corporal Punishment: Early Boys { (higher values represent greater social
control through whipping and any other pain-inflicting treatment) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=145; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
10 1 (1
of 11)
6 2 (2
of 11)
34 3 (3
of 11)
18 4 (4
of 11)
11 5 (5
of 11)
39 6 (6
of 11)
20 7 (7
of 11)
3 9 (9
of 11)
3 10 (10
of 11)
1 11 (11
of 11)
41 NA NA
v454. Corporal Punishment: Early Girls { (higher values represent greater
social control through whipping and any other pain-inflicting treatment)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=140; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
10 1 (1
of 11)
6 2 (2
of 11)
35 3 (3
of 11)
18 4 (4
of 11)
11 5 (5
of 11)
37 6 (6
of 11)
16 7 (7
of 11)
3 9 (9
of 11)
3 10 (10
of 11)
1 11 (11
of 11)
46 NA NA
v455. Corporal Punishment: Late Boys { (higher values represent greater social
control through whipping and any other pain-inflicting treatment) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=147; Number of unique
values=11
Freq Value Description
9 1 (1
of 11)
4 2 (2
of 11)
29 3 (3
of 11)
15 4 (4
of 11)
8 5 (5
of 11)
41 6 (6
of 11)
17 7 (7
of 11)
1 8 (8
of 11)
18 9 (9
of 11)
4 10 (10
of 11)
1 11 (11
of 11)
39 NA NA
v456. Corporal Punishment: Late Girls { (higher values represent greater social
control through whipping and any other pain-inflicting treatment) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=142; Number of unique
values=11
Freq Value Description
9 1 (1
of 11)
4 2 (2
of 11)
30 3 (3
of 11)
15 4 (4
of 11)
9 5 (5
of 11)
39 6 (6
of 11)
16 7 (7
of 11)
1 8 (8
of 11)
16 9 (9
of 11)
2 10 (10
of 11)
1 11 (11
of 11)
44 NA NA
v457. Ceremonies for Children: Early Boys { (higher values indicate more
ceremonies exclusively for the children of this age and sex) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=132; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
3 1 (1
of 9)
1 2 (2
of 9)
48 3 (3
of 9)
20 4 (4
of 9)
6 5 (5
of 9)
38 6 (6
of 9)
13 7 (7
of 9)
3 9 (9
of 9)
54 NA NA
v458. Ceremonies for Children: Early Girls { (higher values indicate more
ceremonies exclusively for the children of this age and sex) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=124; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
4 1 (1
of 9)
5 2 (2
of 9)
47 3 (3
of 9)
22 4 (4
of 9)
5 5 (5
of 9)
26 6 (6
of 9)
11 7 (7
of 9)
4 9 (9
of 9)
62 NA NA
v459. Ceremonies for Children: Late Boys { (higher values indicate more
ceremonies exclusively for the children of this age and sex) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=146; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
1 1 (1
of 9)
20 3 (3
of 9)
18 4 (4
of 9)
5 5 (5
of 9)
61 6 (6
of 9)
32 7 (7
of 9)
1 8 (8
of 9)
8 9 (9
of 9)
40 NA NA
v460. Ceremonies for Children: Late Girls { (higher values indicate more
ceremonies exclusively for the children of this age and sex) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=131; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
2 2 (2
of 9)
32 3 (3
of 9)
25 4 (4
of 9)
9 5 (5
of 9)
42 6 (6
of 9)
13 7 (7
of 9)
8 9 (9
of 9)
55 NA NA
v461. Gifts for Approved Behaviors: Early Boys { (higher values indicate
greater social control by rewards for approved behaviors, e.g., gifts or
conferring of privileges) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=141; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
24 2 (2
of 8)
18 3 (3
of 8)
8 4 (4
of 8)
65 5 (5
of 8)
22 6 (6
of 8)
4 8 (8
of 8)
45 NA NA
v462. Gifts for Approved Behaviors: Early Girls { (higher values indicate
greater social control by rewards for approved behaviors, e.g., gifts or
conferring of privileges) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=136; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
20 2 (2
of 8)
22 3 (3
of 8)
8 4 (4
of 8)
61 5 (5
of 8)
19 6 (6
of 8)
6 8 (8
of 8)
50 NA NA
v463. Gifts for Approved Behaviors: Late Boys { (higher values indicate greater
social control by rewards for approved behaviors, e.g., gifts or conferring of
privileges) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=145; Number of unique values=6
Freq Value Description
17 2 (2
of 8)
19 3 (3
of 8)
8 4 (4
of 8)
72 5 (5
of 8)
23 6 (6
of 8)
6 8 (8
of 8)
41 NA NA
v464. Gifts for Approved Behaviors: Late Girls { (higher values indicate
greater social control by rewards for approved behaviors, e.g., gifts or
conferring of privileges) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=143; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
17 2 (2
of 8)
23 3 (3
of 8)
8 4 (4
of 8)
66 5 (5
of 8)
21 6 (6
of 8)
8 8 (8
of 8)
43 NA NA
v465. Permissiveness: Early Boys
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
1 0 Harsh
socialization by parents or other authority figures with severe punishment (0
of 10)
1 1 (1
of 10)
4 2 Generally
harsh treatment, not extreme (2 of 10)
9 3 (3
of 10)
12 4 (4
of 10)
31 5 Generally
moderate or balanced degree of both harshness and permissiveness (5 of
10)
37 6 (6
of 10)
31 7 (7
of 10)
28 8 Generally
indulgent, not extreme (8 of 10)
15 9 (9
of 10)
17 NA NA
v466. Permissiveness: Early Girls
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=167; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
1 0 Harsh
socialization by parents or other authority figures with severe punishment (0
of 10)
1 1 (1
of 10)
7 2 Generally
harsh treatment, not extreme (2 of 10)
7 3 (3
of 10)
17 4 (4
of 10)
37 5 Generally
moderate or balanced degree of both harshness and permissiveness (5 of
10)
41 6 (6
of 10)
29 7 (7
of 10)
19 8 Generally
indulgent, not extreme (8 of 10)
8 9 (9
of 10)
19 NA NA
v467. Permissiveness: Late Boys
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=168; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
1 0 Harsh
socialization by parents or other authority figures with severe punishment (0
of 10)
5 1 (1
of 10)
6 2 Generally
harsh treatment, not extreme (2 of 10)
10 3 (3
of 10)
23 4 (4
of 10)
52 5 Generally
moderate or balanced degree of both harshness and permissiveness (5 of
10)
32 6 (6
of 10)
14 7 (7
of 10)
15 8 Generally
indulgent, not extreme (8 of 10)
10 9 (9
of 10)
18 NA NA
v468. Permissiveness: Late Girls
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=168; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
1 0 Harsh
socialization by parents or other authority figures with severe punishment (0
of 10)
7 1 (1
of 10)
8 2 Generally
harsh treatment, not extreme (2 of 10)
13 3 (3
of 10)
31 4 (4
of 10)
61 5 Generally
moderate or balanced degree of both harshness and permissiveness (5 of
10)
22 6 (6
of 10)
9 7 (7
of 10)
12 8 Generally
indulgent, not extreme (8 of 10)
4 9 (9
of 10)
18 NA NA
v469. Affection: Early Boys
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=155; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
6 2 Generally
low expression of affection and attention
3 3 3
16 4 4
40 5 Moderate
or sporadic expression of affection and attention
43 6 6
19 7 7
24 8 Consistent,
occasional strong expression
4 9 9
31 NA NA
v470. Affection: Early Girls
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=155; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
1 1 1
9 2 Generally
low expression of affection and attention
3 3 3
19 4 4
35 5 Moderate
or sporadic expression of affection and attention
41 6 6
21 7 7
22 8 Consistent,
occasional strong expression
4 9 9
31 NA NA
v471. Affection: Late Boys
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=154; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
10 2 Generally
low expression of affection and attention
4 3 3
20 4 4
43 5 Moderate
or sporadic expression of affection and attention
44 6 6
17 7 7
16 8 Consistent,
occasional strong expression
32 NA NA
v472. Affection: Late Girls
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=154; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
1 1 1
13 2 Generally
low expression of affection and attention
4 3 3
24 4 4
37 5 Moderate
or sporadic expression of affection and attention
42 6 6
19 7 7
14 8 Consistent,
occasional strong expression
32 NA NA
v473. Evaluation by Society: Early Boys
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
2 2 Only
slight, sporadic expression of valuation of children
3 3 3
11 4 4
39 5 Moderate
or occasionally strong expression of value of children
46 6 6
32 7 7
26 8 Strong,
but no extreme valuation of children
13 9 9
14 NA NA
v474. Evaluation by Society: Early Girls
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
1 1 1
7 2 Only
slight, sporadic expression of valuation of children
9 3 3
23 4 4
30 5 Moderate
or occasionally strong expression of value of children
50 6 6
25 7 7
18 8 Strong,
but no extreme valuation of children
9 9 9
14 NA NA
v475. Evaluation by Society: Late Boys
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
2 2 Only
slight, sporadic expression of valuation of children
3 3 3
9 4 4
39 5 Moderate
or occasionally strong expression of value of children
48 6 6
32 7 7
27 8 Strong,
but no extreme valuation of children
12 9 9
14 NA NA
v476. Evaluation by Society: Late Girls
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
1 1 1
6 2 Only
slight, sporadic expression of valuation of children
9 3 3
21 4 4
35 5 Moderate
or occasionally strong expression of value of children
49 6 6
26 7 7
17 8 Strong,
but no extreme valuation of children
8 9 9
14 NA NA
v477. Incorporation into Society: Early Boys
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
3 0 Almost
complete exclusion from adult working, ceremonial, social activities
22 1 1
50 2 Children
are usually excluded from membership in adult activities
49 3 3
22 4 4
19 5 Inconsistent
but substantial participation by children in adult activities
4 6 6
1 8 Children
closely integrated in adult family activities with substantial participation in
adult community life
16 NA NA
v478. Incorporation into Society: Early Girls
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
3 0 Almost
complete exclusion from adult working, ceremonial, social activities
21 1 1
38 2 Children
are usually excluded from membership in adult activities
47 3 3
25 4 4
32 5 Inconsistent
but substantial participation by children in adult activities
3 6 6
1 8 Children
closely integrated in adult family activities with substantial participation in
adult community life
16 NA NA
v479. Incorporation into Society: Late Boys
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
2 1 1
7 2 Children
are usually excluded from membership in adult activities
14 3 3
13 4 4
54 5 Inconsistent
but substantial participation by children in adult activities
37 6 6
27 7 7
11 8 Children
closely integrated in adult family activities with substantial participation in
adult community life
6 9 9
15 NA NA
v480. Incorporation into Society: Late Girls
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
1 1 1
2 2 Children
are usually excluded from membership in adult activities
7 3 3
12 4 4
40 5 Inconsistent
but substantial participation by children in adult activities
44 6 6
37 7 7
17 8 Children
closely integrated in adult family activities with substantial participation in
adult community life
11 9 9
1 10 Almost
complete, continual inclusion of children in adult activities
14 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Rohner, Ronald P., and Evelyn C. Rohner. 1981. Parental-Acceptance-
Rejection and Parental Control: Cross-Cultural Codes. Ethnology 20: 245-260.
v481. Warmth and Affection of Caretakers - Mother: Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=12; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
1 5 (5
of 8)
2 6 Frequently
(6 of 8)
1 7 (7
of 8)
8 8 Almost
Always (8 of 8)
174 NA NA
v482. Warmth and Affection of Caretakers - Mother: Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=12; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
3 4 Sometimes
(4 of 8)
2 6 Frequently
(6 of 8)
1 7 (7
of 8)
6 8 Almost
Always (8 of 8)
174 NA NA
v483. Warmth and Affection of Caretakers - Mother: Aver
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=71; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
2 2 Rarely
(2 of 8)
1 3 (3
of 8)
2 4 Sometimes
(4 of 8)
3 5 (5
of 8)
10 6 Frequently
(6 of 8)
7 7 (7
of 8)
46 8 Almost
Always (8 of 8)
115 NA NA
v484. Warmth and Affection of Caretakers - Father: Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=11; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
4 4 Sometimes
(4 of 8)
1 6 Frequently
(6 of 8)
3 7 (7
of 8)
3 8 Almost
Always (8 of 8)
175 NA NA
v485. Warmth and Affection of Caretakers - Father: Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=12; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
1 2 Rarely
(2 of 8)
1 4 Sometimes
(4 of 8)
2 5 (5
of 8)
5 6 Frequently
(6 of 8)
1 7 (7
of 8)
2 8 Almost
Always (8 of 8)
174 NA NA
v486. Warmth and Affection of Caretakers - Father: Aver
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=60; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
8 2 Rarely
(2 of 8)
3 4 Sometimes
(4 of 8)
2 5 (5
of 8)
5 6 Frequently
(6 of 8)
5 7 (7
of 8)
37 8 Almost
Always (8 of 8)
126 NA NA
v487. Warmth and Affection of Caretakers - Others: Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=2; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
1 2 Rarely
(2 of 8)
1 8 Almost
Always (8 of 8)
184 NA NA
v488. Warmth and Affection of Caretakers - Others: Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=1; Number of unique
values=1
Freq Value Description
1 6 Frequently
(6 of 8)
185 NA NA
v489. Warmth and Affection of Caretakers - Others: Aver
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=21; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
2 2 Rarely
(2 of 8)
1 4 Sometimes
(4 of 8)
7 6 Frequently
(6 of 8)
2 7 (7
of 8)
9 8 Almost
Always (8 of 8)
165 NA NA
v490. Warmth and Affection of Caretakers - Overall: Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=5; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
2 7 (7
of 8)
3 8 Almost
Always (8 of 8)
181 NA NA
v491. Warmth and Affection of Caretakers - Overall: Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=6; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
3 6 Frequently
(6 of 8)
2 7 (7
of 8)
1 8 Almost
Always (8 of 8)
180 NA NA
v492. Warmth and Affection of Caretakers - Overall: Aver
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=97; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
3 2 Rarely
(2 of 8)
3 4 Sometimes
(4 of 8)
4 5 (5
of 8)
14 6 Frequently
(6 of 8)
16 7 (7
of 8)
57 8 Almost
Always (8 of 8)
89 NA NA
v493. Hostility and Aggression of Caretakers - Mother: Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=4; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
1 2 Rarely
(2 of 8)
2 4 Sometimes
(4 of 8)
1 6 Frequently
(6 of 8)
182 NA NA
v494. Hostility and Aggression of Caretakers - Mother: Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=4; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
2 2 Rarely
(2 of 8)
2 4 Sometimes
(4 of 8)
182 NA NA
v495. Hostility and Aggression of Caretakers - Mother: Aver
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=45; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
21 2 Rarely
(2 of 8)
3 3 (3
of 8)
13 4 Sometimes
(4 of 8)
2 5 (5
of 8)
3 6 Frequently
(6 of 8)
1 7 (7
of 8)
2 8 Almost
Always (8 of 8)
141 NA NA
v496. Hostility and Aggression of Caretakers - Father: Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=1; Number of unique
values=1
Freq Value Description
1 2 Rarely
(2 of 8)
185 NA NA
v497. Hostility and Aggression of Caretakers - Father: Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=1; Number of unique
values=1
Freq Value Description
1 4 Sometimes
(4 of 8)
185 NA NA
v498. Hostility and Aggression of Caretakers - Father: Aver
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
1 1 (1
of 8)
23 2 Rarely
(2 of 8)
11 4 Sometimes
(4 of 8)
2 5 (5
of 8)
4 6 Frequently
(6 of 8)
145 NA NA
v499. Hostility and Aggression of Caretakers - Others: Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=1; Number of unique values=1
Freq Value Description
1 8 Almost
Always (8 of 8)
185 NA NA
v500. Hostility and Aggression of Caretakers - Others: Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=2; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
1 4 Sometimes
(4 of 8)
1 8 Almost
Always (8 of 8)
184 NA NA
v501. Hostility and Aggression of Caretakers - Others: Aver
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=15; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
3 2 Rarely
(2 of 8)
6 4 Sometimes
(4 of 8)
2 6 Frequently
(6 of 8)
1 7 (7
of 8)
3 8 Almost
Always (8 of 8)
171 NA NA
v502. Hostility and Aggression of Caretakers - Overall: Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=5; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
2 2 Rarely
(2 of 8)
1 3 (3
of 8)
2 4 Sometimes
(4 of 8)
181 NA NA
v503. Hostility and Aggression of Caretakers - Overall: Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=1; Number of unique
values=1
Freq Value Description
1 2 Rarely
(2 of 8)
185 NA NA
v504. Hostility and Aggression of Caretakers - Overall: Aver
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=112; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
1 1 (1
of 8)
58 2 Rarely
(2 of 8)
9 3 (3
of 8)
31 4 Sometimes
(4 of 8)
5 5 (5
of 8)
5 6 Frequently
(6 of 8)
2 7 (7
of 8)
1 8 Almost
Always (8 of 8)
74 NA NA
v505. Indifference of Caretakers - Mother: Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=8; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
6 2 Rarely
(2 of 8)
1 4 Sometimes
(4 of 8)
1 6 Frequently
(6 of 8)
178 NA NA
v506. Indifference of Caretakers - Mother: Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=17; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
15 2 Rarely
(2 of 8)
1 4 Sometimes
(4 of 8)
1 6 Frequently
(6 of 8)
169 NA NA
v507. Indifference of Caretakers - Mother: Aver
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
1 1 (1
of 8)
38 2 Rarely
(2 of 8)
2 3 (3
of 8)
5 4 Sometimes
(4 of 8)
4 6 Frequently
(6 of 8)
1 7 (7
of 8)
1 8 Almost
Always (8 of 8)
134 NA NA
v508. Indifference of Caretakers - Father: Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=17; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
13 2 Rarely
(2 of 8)
1 3 (3
of 8)
1 4 Sometimes
(4 of 8)
2 6 Frequently
(6 of 8)
169 NA NA
v509. Indifference of Caretakers - Father: Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=5; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
2 2 Rarely
(2 of 8)
3 8 Almost
Always (8 of 8)
181 NA NA
v510. Indifference of Caretakers - Father: Aver
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
27 2 Rarely
(2 of 8)
2 3 (3
of 8)
6 4 Sometimes
(4 of 8)
3 6 Frequently
(6 of 8)
1 7 (7
of 8)
1 8 Almost
Always (8 of 8)
146 NA NA
v511. Indifference of Caretakers - Others: Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=5; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
4 2 Rarely
(2 of 8)
1 7 (7
of 8)
181 NA NA
v512. Indifference of Caretakers - Others: Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=3; Number of unique
values=1
Freq Value Description
3 2 Rarely
(2 of 8)
183 NA NA
v513. Indifference of Caretakers - Others: Aver
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=15; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
11 2 Rarely
(2 of 8)
1 3 (3
of 8)
1 4 Sometimes
(4 of 8)
1 7 (7
of 8)
1 8 Almost
Always (8 of 8)
171 NA NA
v514. Indifference of Caretakers - Overall: Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=6; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
5 2 Rarely
(2 of 8)
1 6 Frequently
(6 of 8)
180 NA NA
v515. Indifference of Caretakers - Overall: Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=4; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
3 2 Rarely
(2 of 8)
1 4 Sometimes
(4 of 8)
182 NA NA
v516. Indifference of Caretakers - Overall: Aver
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=98; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
1 1 (1
of 8)
67 2 Rarely
(2 of 8)
5 3 (3
of 8)
18 4 Sometimes
(4 of 8)
1 5 (5
of 8)
3 6 Frequently
(6 of 8)
2 7 (7
of 8)
1 8 Almost
Always (8 of 8)
88 NA NA
v517. Control by Caretakers - Mother: Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=15; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
4 2 No
Control (2 of 8)
6 4 Lax
Control (4 of 8)
3 6 Firm
Control (6 of 8)
1 7 (7
of 8)
1 8 Restrictive
(8 of 8)
171 NA NA
v518. Control by Caretakers - Mother: Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=20; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
1 2 No
Control (2 of 8)
2 4 Lax
Control (4 of 8)
9 6 Firm
Control (6 of 8)
3 7 (7
of 8)
5 8 Restrictive
(8 of 8)
166 NA NA
v519. Control by Caretakers - Mother: Aver
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=48; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
10 2 No
Control (2 of 8)
2 3 (3
of 8)
16 4 Lax
Control (4 of 8)
1 5 (5
of 8)
11 6 Firm
Control (6 of 8)
3 7 (7
of 8)
5 8 Restrictive
(8 of 8)
138 NA NA
v520. Control by Caretakers - Father: Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=24; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
5 4 Lax
Control (4 of 8)
12 6 Firm
Control (6 of 8)
1 7 (7
of 8)
6 8 Restrictive
(8 of 8)
162 NA NA
v521. Control by Caretakers - Father: Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=11; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
3 4 Lax
Control (4 of 8)
4 6 Firm
Control (6 of 8)
1 7 (7
of 8)
3 8 Restrictive
(8 of 8)
175 NA NA
v522. Control by Caretakers - Father: Aver
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=50; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
9 2 No
Control (2 of 8)
2 3 (3
of 8)
11 4 Lax
Control (4 of 8)
1 5 (5
of 8)
19 6 Firm
Control (6 of 8)
2 7 (7
of 8)
6 8 Restrictive
(8 of 8)
136 NA NA
v523. Control by Caretakers - Others: Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=8; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
2 4 Lax
Control (4 of 8)
4 6 Firm
Control (6 of 8)
1 7 (7
of 8)
1 8 Restrictive
(8 of 8)
178 NA NA
v524. Control by Caretakers - Others: Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=4; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
1 2 No
Control (2 of 8)
2 6 Firm
Control (6 of 8)
1 8 Restrictive
(8 of 8)
182 NA NA
v525. Control by Caretakers - Others: Aver
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=17; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
2 2 No
Control (2 of 8)
2 4 Lax
Control (4 of 8)
1 5 (5
of 8)
10 6 Firm
Control (6 of 8)
1 7 (7
of 8)
1 8 Restrictive
(8 of 8)
169 NA NA
v526. Control by Caretakers - Overall: Boy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=28; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
6 2 No
Control (2 of 8)
1 3 (3
of 8)
8 4 Lax
Control (4 of 8)
2 5 (5
of 8)
6 6 Firm
Control (6 of 8)
1 7 (7
of 8)
4 8 Restrictive
(8 of 8)
158 NA NA
v527. Control by Caretakers - Overall: Girl
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=24; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
1 2 No
Control (2 of 8)
1 3 (3
of 8)
6 4 Lax
Control (4 of 8)
1 5 (5
of 8)
9 6 Firm
Control (6 of 8)
1 7 (7
of 8)
5 8 Restrictive
(8 of 8)
162 NA NA
v528. Control by Caretakers - Overall: Aver
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=115; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
23 2 No
Control (2 of 8)
9 3 (3
of 8)
23 4 Lax
Control (4 of 8)
7 5 (5
of 8)
34 6 Firm
Control (6 of 8)
9 7 (7
of 8)
10 8 Restrictive
(8 of 8)
71 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Schlegel, Alice, and Herbert Barry III. 1979. Adolescent Initiation
Ceremonies: A Cross-Cultural Code. Ethnology 18: 199-210.
v529. Initiation Occurrence: Boys
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
80 0 Absent
for both boys and girls
39 1 Absent
for specified sex only
63 2 Present
4 NA NA
v530. Initiation Occurrence: Girls
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
81 0 Absent
for both boys and girls
17 1 Absent
for specified sex only
85 2 Present
3 NA NA
v531. Initiation Time: Boys
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
120 0 Absent
13 2 before
genital maturation
18 3 at
first signs of genital maturation
6 4 at
genital maturation
17 5 within
one year after genital maturation
8 6 later
(up to 18 years)
4 NA NA
v532. Initiation Time: Girls
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
100 0 Absent
9 2 before
genital maturation
11 3 at
first signs of genital maturation
57 4 at
genital maturation
5 5 within
one year after genital maturation
1 6 later
(up to 18 years)
3 NA NA
v533. Number of Concurrent Initiates: Boys
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
119 0 Absent
29 2 Single
7 3 Small
group
27 4 Large
group
4 NA NA
v534. Number of Concurrent Initiates: Girls
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
99 0 Absent
73 2 Single
6 3 Small
group
5 4 Large
group
3 NA NA
v535. Duration of Initiation Ceremony: Boys
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
119 0 Absent
28 2 Short
7 3 Medium
28 4 Long
4 NA NA
v536. Duration of Initiation Ceremony: Girls
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
99 0 Absent
36 2 Short
21 3 Medium
27 4 Long
3 NA NA
v537. Number of Participants: Boys
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
121 0 Absent
7 2 Immediate
family
25 3 Local
group
29 4 Large
group
4 NA NA
v538. Number of Participants: Girls
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
99 0 Absent
40 2 Immediate
family
29 3 Local
group
15 4 Large
group
3 NA NA
v539. Sexes of Participants: Boys
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
119 0 Absent
12 2 Both
sexes
17 3 Partially
limited to same sex as initiates
34 4 Exclusively
same sex as initiates
4 NA NA
v540. Sexes of Participants: Girls
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
99 0 Absent
11 2 Both
sexes
28 3 Partially
limited to same sex as initiates
45 4 Exclusively
same sex as initiates
3 NA NA
v541. Primary Physical Components: Boys
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
119 0 Absent
6 2 None
17 3 Manipulations
or activities
20 4 Pain
other than genital operation
13 5 Genital
operation
7 6 Genital
operation and other pain
4 NA NA
v542. Primary Physical Components: Girls
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
99 0 Absent
11 2 None
45 3 Manipulations
or activities
21 4 Pain
other than genital operation
7 5 Genital
operation
3 NA NA
v543. Secondary Physical Components: Boys
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
119 0 Absent
15 2 Neither
manipulations nor activities
14 3 Activities
9 4 Manipulation
25 5 Both
manipulations and activities
4 NA NA
v544. Secondary Physical Components: Girls
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
99 0 Absent
20 2 Neither
manipulations nor activities
10 3 Activities
26 4 Manipulation
28 5 Both
manipulations and activities
3 NA NA
v545. Primary Cognitive or Performance Components: Boys
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
119 0 Absent
20 2 Symbolic
only
3 3 Learning
skills, sharing secrets, or other
8 4 Observing
taboos
7 5 Seclusion
18 6 Both
seclusion and observing taboos
7 7 Fear
4 NA NA
v546. Primary Cognitive or Performance Components: Girls
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
99 0 Absent
15 2 Symbolic
only
3 3 Learning
skills, sharing secrets, or other
1 4 Observing
taboos
9 5 Seclusion
54 6 Both
seclusion and observing taboos
2 7 Fear
3 NA NA
v547. Secondary Cognitive or Performance Components: Boys
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
118 0 Absent
43 2 Neither
learning skills nor sharing secrets
8 3 Sharing
secrets
4 4 Learning
skills
9 5 Both
learning skills and sharing secrets
4 NA NA
v548. Secondary Cognitive or Performance Components: Girls
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
100 0 Absent
60 2 Neither
learning skills nor sharing secrets
2 3 Sharing
secrets
11 4 Learning
skills
10 5 Both
learning skills and sharing secrets
3 NA NA
v549. Primary Emic Interpretations: Boys
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
119 0 Absent
4 2 None
41 3 Status
marker, physical change, or behavior change
11 4 Spiritual
change
7 5 Death-rebirth
4 NA NA
v550. Primary Emic Interpretations: Girls
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
99 0 Absent
5 2 None
75 3 Status
marker, physical change, or behavior change
2 4 Spiritual
change
2 5 Death-rebirth
3 NA NA
v551. Secondary Emic Interpretations: Boys
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
118 0 Absent
8 2 No
status marker
17 3 General
status marker
14 4 Status
marker for adolescence or youth
25 5 Status
marker for full adulthood
4 NA NA
v552. Secondary Emic Interpretations: Girls
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
100 0 Absent
8 2 No
status marker
25 3 General
status marker
12 4 Status
marker for adolescence or youth
38 5 Status
marker for full adulthood
3 NA NA
v553. Tertiary Emic Interpretations: Boys
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
118 0 Absent
31 2 Neither
physical nor behavior change
10 3 Behavior
change
12 4 Physical
change
11 5 Both
physical and behavior change
4 NA NA
v554. Tertiary Emic Interpretations: Girls
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
100 0 Absent
48 2 Neither
physical nor behavior change
12 3 Behavior
change
16 4 Physical
change
7 5 Both
physical and behavior change
3 NA NA
v555. Primary Social Consequences: Boys
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
118 0 Absent
19 2 None
14 3 Familial
integration, familial independence, or other
8 4 Heterosexual
intercourse
17 5 Same-sex
bonding
6 6 Both
same-sex bonding and heterosexual intercourse
4 NA NA
v556. Primary Social Consequences: Girls
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
100 0 Absent
32 2 None
20 3 Familial
integration, familial independence, or other
25 4 Heterosexual
intercourse
3 5 Same-sex
bonding
3 6 Both
same-sex bonding and heterosexual intercourse
3 NA NA
v557. Secondary Social Consequences: Boys
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
118 0 Absent
36 2 None
6 3 Other
13 4 Familial
independence
9 5 Familial
integration
4 NA NA
v558. Secondary Social Consequences: Girls
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
100 0 Absent
57 2 None
8 3 Other
9 4 Familial
independence
9 5 Familial
integration
3 NA NA
v559. Principal Focus: Boys
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
120 0 Absent
11 2 Fertility
10 3 Sexuality
6 4 Valor
7 5 Wisdom
26 6 Responsibility
2 7 Other
4 NA NA
v560. Principal Focus: Girls
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
99 0 Absent
34 2 Fertility
18 3 Sexuality
1 4 Valor
1 5 Wisdom
23 6 Responsibility
7 7 Other
3 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Paige, Karen Paige and Jeffrey Paige. 1981. THE POLITICS OF
REPRODUCTIVE RITUALS. University of California Press.
v561. Menarcheal Ceremonies
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=88; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
44 1 Absent
if onset of menstruation not marked by special public ritual
44 2 Present
if onset of menstruation associated with either elaborate or limited
rites
98 NA NA
v562. Circumcision
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
70 1 Superincision,
or subincision, or absent
22 2 Circumcision
94 NA NA
v563. Maternal Restrictions
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=89; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
43 1 Absent
46 2 Present
97 NA NA
v564. Husband Involvement Scale (Couvade)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=87; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
51 1 Minor
Observance or informal
36 2 Seclusion,
or postpartum work taboo, or food taboo
99 NA NA
v565. Menstrual Segregation
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=84; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
56 1 Absent
28 2 Present
(either menstrual hut or structural isolation is reported)
102 NA NA
v566. Male Segregation Practices
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=82; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
60 1 Absent
or Minor
22 2 Present
104 NA NA
v567. Combined Segregation Practices
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=76; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
42 1 Absent
22 2 Minor
12 3 Present
110 NA NA
v568. Compensation Demands
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=70; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
35 1 Absent
35 2 Present
116 NA NA
v569. Fraternal Interest Group Size
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=84; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
54 1 1
16 2 2
14 3 3
102 NA NA
v570. Fraternal Interest Group Strength
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=82; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
35 1 Both
brideprice and patrilineality are absent, and size of effective kin-based
political subunit is less than 100
12 2 Either
brideprice or patrilineality; size of political subunit between 100 and
999
16 3 a.
Size of political subunit is 1,000 or greater, and brideprice and
patrilineality are absent; or b. Size of political subunit is less than 100 and
both brideprice and patrilineality are present; or c. Size of political subunit
is between 100 and 999 and either brideprice or patrilineality is present
8 4 a.
Size of political subunit is between 100 and 999, and both brideprice and
patrilineality are present; or b. Size of political subunit is 1,000 or
greater, and either brideprice or patrilineality is present
11 5 Size
of political subunit is 1,000 or greateb, and both brideprice and
patrilineality are present
104 NA NA
v571. Resource Base
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique values=3
Freq Value Description
18 1 Low
35 2 Unstable
39 3 High
94 NA NA
v572. Residence Pattern
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
36 1 Not
favoring formation of fraternal interest groups including: a. Matrilocal or
Uxorilocal Residence b. Ambilocal Residence c. Neolocal Residence
56 2 Favoring
formation of fraternal interest groups: including a. Avunculocal Residence b.
Patrilocal or Virilocal Residence c. Optionally Patrilocal or Avunculocal Residence
94 NA NA
v573. Ritual Warfare
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=82; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
52 1 Absent
30 2 Present
104 NA NA
v574. Achieved Leadership through Wealth Distribution
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=81; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
61 1 Acts
of wealth distribution which bring prestige to the giver are not one of the
most important factors in attaining and maintaining the highest degree of
political power in the society
20 2 Acts
of wealth distribution which bring prestige to the giver are one of the most
important factors in attaining and maintaining the highest degree of political
power in the society
105 NA NA
v575. Unstable Political Power Index
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=76; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
44 1 All
three variables--ritual warfare, achieved leadership, and social
indebtedness--have a score of 0.
10 2 Only
one of the three variables has a score of 1; the other two score 0
17 3 Two
of the variables have a score of 1; the other has a score of 0
5 4 All
three variables have a score of 1
110 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Martin K. Whyte. 1979. Cross-Cultural Codes Dealing with the Relative
Status of Women. Ethnology 17:211-237.
Only the odd numbered societies are coded in this study. Some of the even
numbered societies, however, have been coded by undergraduates at U.C. Irvine.
Many of these even-numbered societal codes are less reliable than the original
codes, and it is advised that a sample of odd-numbered cases be selected for
hypothesis testing.
v576. Sex of Gods and Spirits and Other Super-natural Beings
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=67; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
10 1 All
male
24 2 Male
are more numerous or more powerful
13 3 Male
are more numerous while power equal or male are more powerful while numbers
equal
20 4 Both
and equal in numbers of power or women more numerous while power equal, or
women more powerful while numbers equal
119 NA NA
v577. Mythical Founders of the Culture
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=65; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
21 1 All
male
18 2 Both
sexes, but the role of men more important
19 3 Both
sexes, and the role of both sexes fairly equal
7 4 Both
sexes, but female role more important, or solely female
121 NA NA
v578. Sex of Shamans
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=73; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
14 1 All
male
26 2 Male
more numerous, or more powerful
26 3 Male
more numerous while power equal, or male more powerful while numbers equal, or
about equal in both
7 4 Female
more powerful or more numerous or solely female shamans
113 NA NA
v579. Sex of Reputed Witches
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=68; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
16 1 All
male
21 2 Male
predominance in numbers or power
23 3 Both,
and equal in numbers or power
8 4 Female
predominance in numbers of power or only female witches
118 NA NA
v580. Participation in Collective Religious Ceremonies and Rituals
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=73; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
4 1 Only
males
36 2 Both,
but males more commonly or more prominently
28 3 Both,
and fairly equal participation
5 4 Both,
but women more prominent
113 NA NA
v581. Funeral or Burial Ceremonies Held
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=84; Number of unique values=2
Freq Value Description
11 1 Only
for males, or for both, but male more elaborate
73 2 For
both, and roughly equal
102 NA NA
v582. Intermediate or Local Political Leaders
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=74; Number of unique values=3
Freq Value Description
65 1 Only
males
7 2 Both
sexes, but males more numerous or more powerful
2 3 Both
sexes, and males more numerous while females equally powerful or males more
powerful while females equally numerous
112 NA NA
v583. Leadership Posts in Kinship or Extended Family Units
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=62; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
52 1 Include
men only
6 2 Both,
but men have more say and influence
4 3 Both,
with roughly equal influence
124 NA NA
v584. Participation in Collective Fighting and Warfare
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=70; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
62 1 Only
men
8 2 Both,
but men do most fighting, women only aid
116 NA NA
v585. Proportional Contribution of Women to Overall Subsistence
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
2 1 Low
2 2 2
14 3 3
23 4 4
27 5 5
18 6 6
2 7 7
4 8 High
94 NA NA
v586. Relative Time and Effort Expended on Subsistence Activities
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=88; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
14 1 Men
clearly expend more
54 2 Men
and women expend roughly equal
20 3 Women
clearly expend more
98 NA NA
v587. Community-wide Exclusively Male Work Groups
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=78; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
20 1 None
44 2 For
one activity
14 3 For
two or more activities
108 NA NA
v588. Community-wide Exclusively Female Work Groups
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=72; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
45 1 None
27 2 For
one or more activity
114 NA NA
v589. Degree of Segregation in Subsistence Activities
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=77; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
15 1 Men
and women are sharply segregated
41 2 Some
segregation
21 3 Little
or no segregation in these activities
109 NA NA
v590. Inheritance of Property of Some Economic Value
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=71; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
18 1 Only
males, or males except in unusual circumstances
27 2 Both,
but males have definite preference
22 3 Roughly
equal inheritance rights by sex
4 4 Female
preference, or exclusive female rights
115 NA NA
v591. Ownership or Control of the Use of Dwellings
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=72; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
22 1 Solely
by men
12 2 Most
owned by men
25 3 Equal
ownership, or no preferential rights
13 4 Most
or all owned or controlled by women
114 NA NA
v592. Control of Disposal and Use of Fruits of the Labor Done Solely by
Men
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
30 1 Men
have virtually total say
41 2 Men
have predominant say, or no indication of preference
12 3 Men
and women have equal say
9 4 Women
have the predominant or total say
94 NA NA
v593. Control of Disposal and Use of Fruits of the Labor Done by Men and Women
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=81; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
7 1 Men
have virtually total say
6 2 Men
have the predominant say
60 3 Men
and women have equal say, or no indication of preference
8 4 Women
have the predominant or total say
105 NA NA
v594. Control of Disposal and Use of Fruits of the Labor Done Solely by
Women
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
6 1 Men
have virtually total say or predominant say
10 2 Men
and women have equal say
62 3 Women
have the predominant say, or no indication of preference
14 4 Women
have virtually total say
94 NA NA
v595. Men's Domestic Work
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique values=2
Freq Value Description
47 1 Males
do virtually none, females virtually all
45 2 Males
do some, but mostly done by females
94 NA NA
v596. (No) Double Standard in Regard to Premarital Sex { (Var Label Reversed)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=73; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
32 1 Yes
41 2 No,
equal restrictions on male and female
113 NA NA
v597. (No) Double Standard in Regard to Extramarital Sex { (Var Label Reversed)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=75; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
32 1 Yes
41 2 No,
equal restrictions
2 3 Male
punished more severely for transgression
111 NA NA
v598. Extramarital Affairs of Married Women
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=86; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
40 1 Not
allowed, and apparently rare
29 2 Not
allowed, but apparently not uncommon
17 3 Allowed,
or very common
100 NA NA
v599. Menstrual Taboos
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=62; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
11 1 No
menstrual taboos
15 2 Rule
vs. intercourse with menstruating woman
9 3 Personal
restrictions on menstruants, e.g., dietary
3 4 Stated
belief that menstrual blood is dangerous to men
3 5 A
rule that menstruating women may not cook for men
6 6 Menstruating
women are segregated from men, perhaps in a menstrual hut
15 7 A
rule that menstruating women may not have contact with some male things, e.g.,
fishing gear, bows
124 NA NA
v600. The Role of Men and Women in Procreation Understood
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
7 1 Men
are thought to play the more important role
80 2 Belief
in roughly equal contributions, or no evidence of greater contribution by
either sex
6 3 Women
are thought to play the more important role
93 NA NA
v601. Sexual Drives and Urges Understood
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
17 1 Men
are thought to have stronger urges
71 2 Belief
that urges are roughly equal, or no evidence of belief in greater urges by
either sex
5 3 Women
are thought to have stronger urges
93 NA NA
v602. (No) Explicit View That Sexual Activity Is Dangerous or Contaminating {
(Var Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=68; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
15 1 Yes
53 2 No
118 NA NA
v603. Role of the Older Generation in Arranging Marriages (1st Marriages
Only)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=83; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
13 1 Males
monopolize arrangement
33 2 Both
males and females participate, males have more say
28 3 Both
participate, and with roughly equal say
9 4 Both
males and females participate, females have more say
103 NA NA
v604. Voice of the Potential Bride and Groom in Marriage Decisions
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=80; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
4 1 Only
the groom can initiate or refuse a match
27 2 Groom
has more ability to initiate or refuse
46 3 Equal
ability to initiate or refuse a match
3 4 Bride
has more ability to initiate or refuse
106 NA NA
v605. Marriage Payments
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=77; Number of unique values=6
Freq Value Description
5 1 Woman
exchange
36 2 Substantial
bride price
10 3 Bride
service
10 4 Token
bride price
10 5 Gift
exchange
6 6 Dowry
109 NA NA
v606. Preferred Marriage Forms
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
22 1 Polygynous
unions over 20 pct
36 2 Polygynous
unions under 20 pct
34 3 Monogamy
1 4 Polyandry
93 NA NA
v607. (No Male) Multiple Spouses { (Var Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
71 1 Only
for males
4 2 For
both, but more commonly for males
15 3 For
neither
2 4 For
both, but more commonly for females
94 NA NA
v608. (No) Levirate { (Var Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=76; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
54 1 Present
22 2 Absent
110 NA NA
v609. Relative Distances Moved by the Bride and Groom Away from Their Families
of Orientation at First Marriage
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=84; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
58 1 The
female moves farther away
7 2 About
equal distance
19 3 The
male moves farther away
102 NA NA
v610. Relative Ease of Initiating Divorce
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
5 1 Divorce
is in theory only available to male
12 2 Divorce
is possible for both, but more difficult for female
72 3 Divorce
equally possible, no indication of bias
4 4 Divorce
is possible for both, but more difficult for male, or in theory only available
to female
93 NA NA
v611. Relative Ease of Remarriage
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=85; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
21 1 Possible
for both, but fewer obstacles for men
64 2 Equally
possible for both men and women
101 NA NA
v612. Average Relative Age at First Marriage of Men and of Women
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=70; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
2 1 Women
generally older
7 2 Ages
about equal
12 3 Men
1-2 years older
18 4 Men
3-4 years older
31 5 Men
more than 4 years older
116 NA NA
v613. Final Authority over the Care, Handling and Discipline of Infants
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=67; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
12 1 monopolized
by males, or males have more say
11 2 is
divided roughly equally
21 3 is
divided, but females have more say
23 4 is
monopolized by females
119 NA NA
v614. Final Authority over the Up-bringing and Discipline of Post-infant
Unmarried Children Living in the Home
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=68; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
11 1 is
virtually monopolized by males
14 2 is
divided, but males have more say
34 3 is
divided roughly equally
9 4 is
divided but females have more say, or final say is virtually monopolized by
females
118 NA NA
v615. Wife to Husband Institutionalized Deference (Guttman Scale)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=84; Number of unique values=6
Freq Value Description
29 1 None
of the following coded
15 2 Husband
dominates domestic decision making
21 3 +
Wife excluded from many social gatherings
9 4 +
Wife rarely disputes husband
7 5 +
Husband has seating priority
3 6 +
Wife kneels and bows when greeting husband
102 NA NA
v616. A Stated Preference for Children of One Sex
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
28 1 For
males
54 2 Equal,
no preference
11 3 For
females
93 NA NA
v617. Any Evidence of Infanticide
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=71; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
6 1 Mostly
for females
64 2 For
both, or for neither
1 3 Mostly
for males
115 NA NA
v618. Early Training for Adult Duties
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
1 1 Boys
are trained earlier generally
70 2 Training
begins at roughly equal ages, no stated bias by sex
22 3 Girls
are trained earlier generally
93 NA NA
v619. Punishment for Equal Misbehavior
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
3 1 Boys
are punished more severely
82 2 Punishment
about equal, no stated bias by sex
8 3 Girls
are punished more severely
93 NA NA
v620. Physical Punishment of the Spouse Condoned
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=63; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
39 1 Only
husband hitting wife generally
16 2 Physical
punishment by neither
8 3 Either
may hit the other, or only wife may hit husband
123 NA NA
v621. (No) Explicit View That Men Should and Do Dominate Their Wives { (Var
Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=63; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
42 1 Yes
19 2 No,
evidence of rough equality
2 3 No,
evidence of wife dominance
123 NA NA
v622. Attendance and Participation in General Community Gathering
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=62; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
27 1 Only
men, or both, but men more often or more prominently
35 2 Both
equally, although perhaps segregated
124 NA NA
v623. Existence of General Female Initiation Ceremonies
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=76; Number of unique values=5
Freq Value Description
36 1 No
initiations for females
8 2 Customary
minimal social recognition
10 3 +Personal
dramatization of the initiate
12 4 +Organized
social response
10 5 +Affective
social response (e.g., punishment or operations
110 NA NA
v624. Any Belief That the Status of Women Has Changed in Folklore or
History
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
6 1 A
belief it has declined
83 2 No
such belief, or no change
4 3 A
belief it has improved
93 NA NA
v625. High Value Placed on Males Being Aggressive, Strong, and Sexually
Potent
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=81; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
26 1 Marked
emphasis
33 2 Moderate
emphasis
22 3 Little
or no emphasis
105 NA NA
v626. (No) Belief That Women Are Generally Inferior to Men { (Var Label
Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
27 1 Yes
66 2 No
such belief
93 NA NA
v627. A Statement That Women Have More Informal Influence than Formal Norms of
the Society Would Make It Appear
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
49 1 No
such statement or implication
25 2 A
statement or implication of somewhat more informal influence
19 3 A
statement or implicaton of much more informal influence
93 NA NA
v628. Property Control Scale
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
4 1 Women
have low control over property
19 2 2
60 3 3
10 4 Women
have high control over property
93 NA NA
v629. Kin Power Scale
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
19 1 Low
power of women in kinship contexts
52 2 2
22 3 High
power of women in kinship contexts
93 NA NA
v630. Value of Life Scale
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
8 1 Low
value placed on womens lives
37 2 2
48 3 High
value placed on womens lives
93 NA NA
v631. Value of Labor
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
1 1 Low
value of womens labor
9 2 2
40 3 3
34 4 4
9 5 High
value of womens labor
93 NA NA
v632. Domestic Authority Scale
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=89; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
8 1 Low
womens domestic authority
21 2 Med-Low
32 3 Med-High
28 4 High
womens domestic authority
97 NA NA
v633. Ritualized Female Solidarity Scale
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
26 1 Low
female solidarity
38 2 2
29 3 High
female solidarity
93 NA NA
v634. Control of Sex Scale
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
3 1 Stricter
controls over womens marital and sexual lives
56 2 2
33 3 More
equal controls over womens marital and sexual lives
94 NA NA
v635. Ritualized Fear Scale
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
6 1 High
ritualized fear of women
18 2 2
69 3 Low
ritualized fear of women
93 NA NA
v636. Joint Participation Scale
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=91; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
10 1 Low
joint participation of men and women
50 2 2
31 3 High
joint participation of men and women
95 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Murdock, George P. 1970. Ethnology 9:165-207.
v637. Patterns for Grandparents
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=148; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
91 1 Bisexual
Pattern
24 2 Merging
Pattern
23 3 Bifurcate
Bisexual Pattern
4 4 Matri-skewed
Pattern
3 5 Null
Pattern
1 7 Patri-Skewed
Pattern
2 8 Rare
Patterns
38 NA NA
v638. Patterns for Grandchildren
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=144; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
76 1 Merging
Pattern
20 2 Bisexual
Pattern
23 3 Self-Reciprocal
Pattern
11 4 Bifurcate
Bisexual Pattern
5 5 Null
Pattern
4 6 Speakers
Sex Pattern
2 7 Bifurcate
Pattern
3 8 Bifuracte
Speakers Sex Pattern
42 NA NA
v639. Patterns for Uncles
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=148; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
44 1 Simple
Bifurcate Merging Pattern
47 2 Simple
Bifurcate Collateral Pattern
21 3 Skewed
Bifurcate Collateral Pattern
19 4 Lineal
Pattern
7 5 Generation
Pattern
2 6 Age-Differentiated
Bifurcate Collateral Pattern
6 7 Relative
Age Pattern
1 8 Speaker-Differentiated
Bifurcate Merging Pattern
1 9 Speaker-Differentiated
Bifurcate Collateral Pattern
38 NA NA
v640. Patterns for Aunts
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=148; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
45 1 Simple
Bifurcate Collateral Pattern
43 2 Bifurcate
Merging Pattern
20 3 Lineal
Pattern
14 4 Generation
Pattern
16 5 Skewed
Bifurcate Collateral Pattern
6 6 Relative
Age Pattern
3 7 Age-Differentiated
Bifurcate Collateral Pattern
1 9 Rare
Patterns
38 NA NA
v641. Patterns for Nephews and Nieces (Male Speaking)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=144; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
32 1 Simple
Bifurcate Merging Pattern
22 2 Sex-Differentiated
Bifurcate Merging Pattern
20 3 Simple
Bifurcate Collateral Pattern
15 4 Simple
Lineal Pattern
17 5 Generation
Pattern
16 6 Sex-Differentiated
Lineal Pattern
15 7 Sex-Differentiated
Bifurcate Collateral Pattern
3 8 Age-Skewed
Bifurcate Collateral Pattern
3 11 Brother-Skewed
Bifurcate Collateral Pattern
1 13 Rare
Pattern between 5 and 7, distinguishing BrSo, SiSo, SbDa
42 NA NA
v642. Patterns for Siblings
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=146; Number of unique
values=16
Freq Value Description
30 1 Dravidian
Pattern
23 2 European
Pattern
17 3 Yoruban
Pattern
16 4 Algonkian
Pattern
6 5 Kordofanian
Pattern
9 6 Southern
Bantu Pattern
9 7 East
Polynesian Pattern
8 8 Quechuan
Pattern
6 9 Carolinian
Pattern
2 11 Caddoan
Pattern
4 12 Malagasy
Pattern
3 13 Jivaran
Pattern
7 16 Rare
Patterns
2 17 17
1 19 19
3 20 20
40 NA NA
v643. Patterns for Cross-cousins
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=147; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
43 1 Hawaiian
Pattern
39 2 Iroquois
Pattern
19 3 Eskimo
Pattern
10 4 Omaha
Pattern
19 5 Crow
Pattern
10 6 Descriptive
Pattern
7 7 Sudanese
Pattern
39 NA NA
v644. Patterns for Siblings-in-law
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=112; Number of unique
values=18
Freq Value Description
19 1 Merging
Pattern
11 2 Simple
Bisexual Pattern
15 3 Speakers
Sex Bisexual Pattern
15 4 Opposite
Sex Pattern
10 5 Null
Pattern
5 6 Differentiated
Pattern
5 7 Strongly
Differentiated Pattern
4 8 Relative
Sex Pattern
7 9 Sex-of-link
Bisexual Pattern
3 10 Spouses
Sibling vs. Siblings Spouse Pattern
1 12 Paired
Bisexual Pattern
3 13 Potential
Spouse Pattern
5 14 Same
Sex Pattern
3 15 15
2 20 20
1 21 21
1 22 22
2 25 25
74 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: George P. Murdock and Suzanne Wilson. 1978. Ethnology 17:449-470.
v645. Theories of Infection
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=122; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
91 1 Absence
of such a cause
30 2 Minor
or relatively unimportant cause
1 4 Predominant
cause recognized by the society
64 NA NA
v646. Theories of Stress
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=127; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
56 1 Absence
of such a cause
68 2 Minor
or relatively unimportant cause
3 3 An
important auxiliary cause
59 NA NA
v647. Theories of Deterioration
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=128; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
99 1 Absence
of such a cause
29 2 Minor
or relatively unimportant cause
58 NA NA
v648. Theories of Accident
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=128; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
91 1 Absence
of such a cause
37 2 Minor
or relatively unimportant cause
58 NA NA
v649. Theories of Fate
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=127; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
99 1 Absence
of such a cause
27 2 Minor
or relatively unimportant cause
1 3 An
important auxiliary cause
59 NA NA
v650. Theories of Ominous Sensation
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=127; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
90 1 Absence
of such a cause
37 2 Minor
or relatively unimportant cause
59 NA NA
v651. Theories of Contagion
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=128; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
81 1 Absence
of such a cause
46 2 Minor
or relatively unimportant cause
1 3 An
important auxiliary cause
58 NA NA
v652. Theories of Mystical Retribution
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=131; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
26 1 Absence
of such a cause
68 2 Minor
or relatively unimportant cause
32 3 An
important auxiliary cause
5 4 Predominant
cause recognized by the society
55 NA NA
v653. Theories of Soul Loss
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=127; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
96 1 Absence
of such a cause
30 2 Minor
or relatively unimportant cause
1 3 An
important auxiliary cause
59 NA NA
v654. Theories of Spirit Aggression
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=131; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
2 1 Absence
of such a cause
18 2 Minor
or relatively unimportant cause
37 3 An
important auxiliary cause
74 4 Predominant
cause recognized by the society
55 NA NA
v655. Theories of Sorcery
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=130; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
16 1 Absence
of such a cause
45 2 Minor
or relatively unimportant cause
45 3 An
important auxiliary cause
24 4 Predominant
cause recognized by the society
56 NA NA
v656. Theories of Witchcraft
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=131; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
81 1 Absence
of such a cause
24 2 Minor
or relatively unimportant cause
17 3 An
important auxiliary cause
9 4 Predominant
cause recognized by the society
55 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Sanday, Peggy. 1981. Female Power and Male Dominance. Previously
unpublished.
v657. Flexible Marriage Mores (Divorce for Both Men and Women: or Mild
Punishment for Adultery)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=142; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
28 1 Absent
114 2 Present
44 NA NA
v658. Females Produce Goods for Nondomestic Distribution
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=152; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
27 1 Absent
125 2 Present
34 NA NA
v659. Demand for Female Produce beyond Household
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
40 1 Absent
95 2 Present
51 NA NA
v660. Female Economic Control of Products of Own Labor
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=139; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
41 1 Absent
98 2 Present
47 NA NA
v661. Female Political Participation, at Least Informal Influence
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=145; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
62 1 Absent
83 2 Present
41 NA NA
v662. Female Solidarity Groups, Formal or Informal
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=130; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
93 1 Absent
37 2 Present
56 NA NA
v663. Female Power Guttman Scale Constructed from 657-662
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=133; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
11 1 all
items absent
9 2 flexible
marriage mores only (657)
5 3 plus
female nondomestic production (658)
13 4 plus
demand for female produce (659)
23 5 plus
female economic control (660)
41 6 plus
female political participation (661)
31 7 plus
female solidarity groups (662)
53 NA NA
v664. Ideology of Male Toughness
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=108; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
21 1 Absent
87 2 Present
78 NA NA
v665. Male Segregation { One or More Places Where Males Congregate Alone, or
Males Occupy a Separate Part of the Household, or There Is Sharp Ceremonial
Segregation of the Sexes. }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=111; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
24 1 Absent
87 2 Present
75 NA NA
v666. Moderate or Frequent Interpersonal Violence
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=131; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
43 1 Absent
88 2 Present
55 NA NA
v667. Rape: Incidents Reports, or Thought of as Means of Punishment Women, or
Part of Ceremony
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=95; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
45 1 Absent
50 2 Present
91 NA NA
v668. At Least Some Wives Taken from Hostile Groups
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=131; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
84 1 Absent
47 2 Present
55 NA NA
v669. Male Aggression Guttman Scale Constructed from 664-668
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=107; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
15 1 no
items present (none of 664-668)
5 2 ideology
of male toughness only (664)
18 3 plus
separate places for men (665)
12 4 plus
interpersonal violence (666)
19 5 plus
rape institutionalized or reported (667)
38 6 plus
taking wives from hostile groups (668)
79 NA NA
v670. Composite of Male Dominance Constructed from 663 plus 669 (657-669)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=139; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
45 1 sexes
`equal -- i.e., female power scale 5 or above, and male aggression scale 4 or
below
55 2 `mythical
male -- female power scale 5 or above, and male aggression scale 5 or
above
39 3 sexes
`unequal -- female power scale 4 or below
47 NA NA
v671. Menstrual Taboos (H16)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
8 1 no
menstrual restrictions
26 2 one
restriction present
25 3 two
restrictions
17 4 three
15 5 four
19 6 five
76 NA NA
v672. Male Avoidance of Female Sexuality (A11)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=116; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
26 1 none
51 2 sexual
intercourse prohibited during menstruation
31 3 sexual
intercourse prohibited at other times also
8 4 men
avoid or fear female genitals Creation Stories
70 NA NA
v673. Sex of Creative Agent, Ancestor, or Culture-hero
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
6 1 Female
2 2 Sexless
6 3 Couple
9 4 Male
3 5 Animal
13 6 Supreme
being or force
147 NA NA
v674. Origin of First Creator or Ancestor
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
13 1 From
within (`feminine)
3 2 From
within and without
21 3 From
without (`masculine)
2 4 Void
147 NA NA
v675. Mode of First-mentioned Creation
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
14 1 From
the body: Union and/or birth
2 2 From
the body: Self-propagation
20 3 From
other than the body
3 4 Cannot
be determined
147 NA NA
v676. Creation Stories { (Composite of 675 and 674, plus Additional Societies)
Sanday P244: Masculine-feminine (Reverse) and Inner-outer }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=112; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
20 1 feminine
symbolism
36 2 couple
symbolism
56 3 masculine
symbolism
74 NA NA
v677. Migration
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
47 1 aboriginal
area or migrated centures ago
58 2 recent
migration, within past 100-150 years, or people are said to be migrating
conquerors
81 NA NA
v678. Food Stress or Hunger
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=138; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
47 1 food
constant
62 2 occasional
hunger or famine
26 3 periodic
or chronic hunger
3 4 starvation
or evidence of protein deficiency (note: exact coding distinction between 3 and
4 unclear)
48 NA NA
v679. Warfare or Fighting
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=133; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
41 1 absent
or occasional or periodical
92 2 frequent
or endemic
53 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Whyte, Martin K. 1978. The Status of Women in PreIndustrial
Societies. Princeton University Press.
Previously Unpublished.
Only the odd numbered societies are coded in this study.
v680. Plow
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
66 1 Absent
26 2 Present
94 NA NA
v681. Irrigation
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=86; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
55 1 Absent
31 2 Present
100 NA NA
v682. Cereal Grains the Principal Crop
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
45 1 Absent
47 2 Present
94 NA NA
v683. Roots or Tubers the Principal Crop
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
71 1 Absent
22 2 Present
93 NA NA
v684. Tree Fruits and Starches the Principal Crops
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
82 1 Absent
10 2 Present
94 NA NA
v685. Large Nonmilked Aboriginal Domestic Animals
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=87; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
75 1 Absent
12 2 Present
99 NA NA
v686. Large Milked Aboriginal Domestic Animals
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=90; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
61 1 Absent
29 2 Present
96 NA NA
v687. Small Aboriginal Domestic Animals - excluding Dogs, Cats, Fowl, Guinea
Pigs
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=88; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
39 1 Absent
49 2 Present
98 NA NA
v688. Large Domestic Animals, Only since European Contact
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=89; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
77 1 Absent
12 2 Present
97 NA NA
v689. Small Domestic Animals, Only since European Contact
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=80; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
71 1 Absent
9 2 Present
106 NA NA
v690. Large Animals Are Hunted and Important to the Diet
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=86; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
44 1 Absent
42 2 Present
100 NA NA
v691. Small Animals Are Hunted and Important to the Diet
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=82; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
35 1 Absent
47 2 Present
104 NA NA
v692. Intermediate Animals Are Hunted and Important to the Diet
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=82; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
33 1 Absent
49 2 Present
Warfare
104 NA NA
v693. Frequency of Intercommunity Armed Conflict
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=91; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
49 1 Past,
supralocal, or absent
42 2 Present
and endemic local warfare (collapsed from an original five categories)
95 NA NA
v694. Male Initiation Ceremonies (Guttman Scale - See Frank Young, 1965)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=75; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
37 1 No
initiation
10 2 Minimal
social recognition
7 3 Personal
dramatization of the initiate
3 4 Organized
social response
18 5 Affective
social response: beating, hazing or operations
111 NA NA
v695. Male Solidarity (Guttman Scale - See Young and Bacdayan 1965)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
57 1 No
institutionalized male solidarity
7 2 Some
exclusive male activity protected by physical or normative barriers
6 3 Ritualization
given to this activity
14 4 Definite
ranking of men within this activity
9 5 War
training or planning a part of this activity
93 NA NA
v696. Matrilineal Descent
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
76 1 Patrilineal,
dual, bilateral, or other
17 2 Matrilineal
93 NA NA
v697. Matrilocal Residence
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=90; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
72 1 All
other
18 2 Matrilocal
Extended Families
96 NA NA
v698. Preferred Family Form (Adapted from Murdock 1961)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=89; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
26 1 Nuclear
23 2 Stem
10 3 Lineal
30 4 Extended
97 NA NA
v699. Political Organization (Adapted from Murdock 1961, P. 207)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
11 1 Absence
of local political integration - family heads acknowledge no higher
authority
40 2 Autonomous
local community -- population below 1500
13 3 Minimal
State -- political integration in independent units averaging 1500 -
10,000
27 4 Little
State -- political integration in independent units averaging 10,000 -
100,000
2 5 State
political integration in a unit of 100,000 plu
93 NA NA
v700. Crimes against Person Punished
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
37 1 By
person or group wronged
55 2 By
government action
94 NA NA
v701. (No) Government Full-time Bureaucrats { (Var Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
62 1 Full
time bureaucrats unrelated to government head
30 2 No
full time bureaucrats, or only relatives of head
94 NA NA
v702. Community Is Part of a Kingdom { Defined as a Centralized Political Unit
with Centralized Organs of Political Control, Power to Tax, and Rule
Concentrated in a Single Office, Which Is Hereditary : following Stephens 1963
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=87; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
70 1 No
17 2 Yes
99 NA NA
v703. Community Part of a Kingdom in the past That No Longer Exists
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=87; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
74 1 No
13 2 Yes
99 NA NA
v704. Private Property
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=84; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
70 1 Present
14 2 Absent
102 NA NA
v705. Settlement Type
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
7 1 Fully
migratory or nomadic bands
21 2 Seminomadic
- bands which wander for at least half the year, but occupy a fixed settlement
for some season(s)
22 3 Neighborhoods
of dispersed family settlements
28 4 Separated
hamlets, where several form more or less a single permanent community
12 5 Compact
and permanent village or town
3 6 Complex
settlements surrounded by homesteads or hamlets considered part of the community
93 NA NA
v706. Metalworking
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=86; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
33 1 Absent
53 2 Present
100 NA NA
v707. Manufacture of Pottery
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=90; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
26 1 Absent
64 2 Present
96 NA NA
v708. True Weaving
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=86; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
43 1 Absent
43 2 Present
100 NA NA
v709. Social Stratification in the Larger Society
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
24 1 Lack
of significant stratification among free men
31 2 Differences
in wealth and control, but not crystallized into distinct and hereditary social
classes
11 3 Dual
stratification into hereditary elites and commoners
26 4 Complex
stratification into three or more classes/castes
94 NA NA
v710. Social Stratification in the Local Community
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=91; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
29 1 Lack
of significant stratification among free men
36 2 Differences
in wealth and control, but not crystallized into distinct and hereditary social
classes
8 3 Dual
stratification into hereditary elites and commoners
18 4 Complex
stratification into three or more classes/castes
95 NA NA
v711. Societal Complexity (Guttman Scale - Freeman and Winch 1957)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
37 1 Absence
of all traits in scale
13 2 Crimes
punished by government (704)
9 3 Full-time
specialized priests
1 4 Formal
education
8 5 Written
language
25 6 Full-time
bureaucrats (705) (scalability .643, a shade below accepted minimum of
.65)
93 NA NA
v712. Institutionalized Envy { Scaled by Unweighted Sum for Presence or Absence
of Four Correlated Indicators : (a) Men Imitate Women, (B) Women Imitate Men,
and (C) Exclusive Mother-infant Sleeping, and (3) Exclusive Mother-child Sleeping)
. Constructed Arithmetically from Means and Cutting Points. }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=86; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
13 1 No
items present
14 2 One
or two item present
59 3 Three
of four items present
100 NA NA
v713. (Pre-classical) Religion { inaccurate for 27, See 713rev from 1807:
Additional 85 Coded) in a Previous Edition of the Codebook Codes 1-3 Were
Reversed 3-1 as Were the Frequencies for the Named Categories. }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
14 1 Classical
religion (Xianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism)
31 2 Mixture
of classical and preclassical
48 3 Preclassical
93 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Whyte, Martin K. 1978. The Status of Women in PreIndustrial
Societies. Princeton University
Press. Revised by Andrey Korotayev and
Daria Khaltourina. Andrey Korotayev. 2004. World Religions and Social Evolution
of the Old World Oikumene Civilizations: A Cross-cultural Perspective
v713rev. Revised v713 Classical religions
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
39 1 Classical
religion (Xianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism)
31 2 Mixture
of classical and preclassical
116 3 Preclassical
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Whyte, Martin K. 1978. The Status of Women in PreIndustrial
Societies. Princeton University Press.
Previously Unpublished.
v714. Sex Ratio
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=90; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
10 1 Female
excess
60 2 Roughly
equal
20 3 Male
excess
96 NA NA
v715. Systematic Absences of Married Males (Military Service, Labor Elsewhere,
Extended Trade Expeditions, etc.)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
38 1 No
systematic absences
6 2 Systematic
absences -- not presently, but within 6 memory of present adults
48 3 Systematic
absences common presently
94 NA NA
v716. Sex of Coders
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
12 1 Both
male
43 2 Male
and female
38 3 Both
female
93 NA NA
v717. Number of Sources Consulted
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
11 1 One
23 2 Two
27 3 Three
21 4 Four
or five
11 5 Six
to nine
93 NA NA
v718. Number of Authorities Consulted
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
27 1 One
31 2 Two
17 3 Three
18 4 Four
to seven
93 NA NA
v719. Total Pages in Sources Consulted
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
15 1 Under
300
22 2 300-499
44 3 500-999
12 4 Over
1000
93 NA NA
v720. Sex of Authorities
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
66 1 All
males
23 2 Mixed
males and females
4 3 All
females
93 NA NA
v721. Nationality of Authorities
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
28 1 All
Americans
28 2 Some
Americans
37 3 None
Americans
93 NA NA
v722. Occupation of Authorities
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=91; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
55 1 No
anthropologist
30 2 Some
anthropologists
6 3 All
anthropologists
95 NA NA
v723. Formal Fieldwork Training of Authorities
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
56 1 All
had some
29 2 some
had
7 3 None
had any
94 NA NA
v724. Knowledge of Native Language ** (e.g., by Ethnographers)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=87; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
52 1 All
knew it well
33 2 Some
knew it well
2 3 None
knew it well
99 NA NA
v725. Total Periods of Fieldwork
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=89; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
11 1 One
year or less
36 2 One
to three years
42 3 More
than three years
97 NA NA
v726. Anthropological Present
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
8 1 Before
1800 A.D.
34 2 1801-1900
40 3 1901-1950
11 4 After
1950 A.D.
93 NA NA
v727. Importance of Agriculture in Subsistence, including Gardening
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
43 1 Dominant,
the principal subsistence activity
20 2 Co-dominant
with one or more other categories
6 3 Important,
but not a major subsistence activity
2 4 Present,
but relatively unimportant
22 5 Insignificant,
sporadic, or absent
93 NA NA
v728. Importance of Animal Husbandry in Subsistence { Raising domestic animals,
using milk, eggs, etc. -- even if this involves only the raising of draft
animals for use in agriculture }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
6 1 Dominant,
the principal subsistence activity
12 2 Co-dominant
with one or more other categories
32 3 Important,
but not a major subsistence activity
14 4 Present,
but relatively unimportant
29 5 Insignificant,
sporadic, or absent
93 NA NA
v729. Importance of Fishing, Shellfishing and Marine Hunting
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
4 1 Dominant,
the principal subsistence activity
13 2 Co-dominant
with one or more other categories
26 3 Important,
but not a major subsistence activity
19 4 Present,
but relatively unimportant
31 5 Insignificant,
sporadic, or absent
93 NA NA
v730. Importance of Hunting and Gathering in Subsistence
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
12 1 Dominant,
the principal subsistence activity
14 2 Co-dominant
with one or more other categories
28 3 Important,
but not a major subsistence activity
24 4 Present,
but relatively unimportant
15 5 Insignificant,
sporadic, or absent
93 NA NA
v731. Importance of Handicrafts, Manufacturing { Insofar as they contribute to
subsistence, defined as supplying the overall needs for food, clothing, and
shelter of the community }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=4
Freq Value Description
1 2 Co-dominant
with one or more other categories
42 3 Important,
but not a major subsistence activity
44 4 Present,
but relatively unimportant
6 5 Insignificant,
sporadic, or absent
93 NA NA
v732. Importance of Trade in Subsistence { Include trade conducted to gain
needed subsistence items, not simply exchange of ceremonial items; measure of
extent to which members of the community depend upon trading in order to
acquire items needed for subsistence that they do not produce themselves
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
3 2 Co-dominant
with one or more other categories
33 3 Important,
but not a major subsistence activity
44 4 Present,
but relatively unimportant
13 5 Insignificant,
sporadic, or absent
93 NA NA
v733. Contribution of the Sexes to Agriculture
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
6 1 Male
participation exclusively, or female contribution negligible
18 2 Male
participation appreciably greater
22 3 Equal
participation
17 4 Female
participation appreciably greater
3 5 Female
participation exclusively, or male contribution negligible
27 6 Activity
conducted solely by slaves or members of servile classes, or does not apply, OR
NO INFORMATION
93 NA NA
v734. Contribution of the Sexes to Animal Husbandry
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
12 1 Male
participation exclusively, or female contribution negligible
17 2 Male
participation appreciably greater
11 3 Equal
participation
7 4 Female
participation appreciably greater
4 5 Female
participation exclusively, or male contribution negligible
42 6 Activity
conducted solely by slaves or members of servile classes, or does not apply, OR
NO INFORMATION
93 NA NA
v735. Contribution of the Sexes to Fishing, Shellfishing, and Marine
Hunting
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
25 1 Male
participation exclusively, or female contribution negligible
18 2 Male
participation appreciably greater
13 3 Equal
participation
2 4 Female
participation appreciably greater
2 5 Female
participation exclusively, or male contribution negligible
33 6 Activity
conducted solely by slaves or members of servile classes, or does not apply, OR
NO INFORMATION
93 NA NA
v736. Contribution of the Sexes to Hunting and Gathering
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
10 1 Male
participation exclusively, or female contribution negligible
19 2 Male
participation appreciably greater
37 3 Equal
participation
6 4 Female
participation appreciably greater
1 5 Female
participation exclusively, or male contribution negligible
20 6 Activity
conducted solely by slaves or members of servile classes, or does not apply, OR
NO INFORMATION
93 NA NA
v737. Relative Contribution of the Sexes to Handicrafts and Manufacture
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
4 1 Male
participation exclusively, or female contribution negligible
21 2 Male
participation appreciably greater
44 3 Equal
participation
10 4 Female
participation appreciably greater
1 5 Female
participation exclusively, or male contribution negligible
13 6 Activity
conducted solely by slaves or members of servile classes, or does not apply, OR
NO INFORMATION
93 NA NA
v738. Relative Contribution of the Sexes to Trade
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
16 1 Male
participation exclusively, or female contribution negligible
15 2 Male
participation appreciably greater
24 3 Equal
participation
5 4 Female
participation appreciably greater
3 5 Female
participation exclusively, or male contribution negligible
30 6 Activity
conducted solely by slaves or members of servile classes, or does not apply, OR
NO INFORMATION
93 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Broude, Gwen, and Sarah J. Greene. 1983. Ethnology 22:263-280.
v739. Marriage Arrangements
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=148; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
46 1 Individual
selects and/or courts partner autonomously: approval by parents or others
unnecessary
26 2 Individual
selects and/or courts partner autonomously: parental, kin, and/or community
approval necessary or highly desireable
5 3 Individual
suggests partner to parents or others: arrangements for courtship or marriage
then proceed if choice is approved OR parents ask approval of individuals to
initiate a match OR individual is approached by parent or others on behalf of
suitor and can accept or reject the match
27 4 Individual
choice and arranged marriages are alternatives
25 5 Parents
choose partner: individual can object
19 6 Parents
choose partner: individual cannot easily object or rarely objects in fact
38 NA NA
v740. Marriage Arrangements (Female)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=151; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
12 1 Individual
selects and/or courts partner autonomously: approval by parents or others
unnecessary
40 2 Individual
selects and/or courts partner authonomously: parental, kin, and/or community
approval necessary or highly desireable
4 3 Individual
suggests partner to parents or others; arrangements for courtship or marriage
then proceed if choice is approved OR parents ask approval of individuals to
initiate a match OR individual is approached by parent or others on behalf of
suitor and can accept or reject the match
27 4 Individual
choice and arranged marriages are alternatives
35 5 Parents
choose partner: individual can object
33 6 Parents
choose partner: individual cannot easily object or rarely objects in fact
35 NA NA
v741. Widow Remarriage: Choice of Partner
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
28 1 Widow
chooses new husband herself with no outside interferences
27 2 Remarriage
into first husbands kin group usually or preferred, but widow can choose new
husband from elsewhere if she wishes
4 3 Widow
chooses new husband herself, but from first husbands kin group or
community
27 4 Widows
husbands kin chooses new husband
6 5 Remarriage
is absent, uncommon, or strongly disapproved
94 NA NA
v742. Time of Mourning before Remarriage of Widows
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
4 1 No
period of mourning: remarriage as soon as possible
3 2 One
week to two months of mourning
9 3 Over
two months but less than one year of mourning
18 4 One
year or over of mourning
5 5 No
remarriage
147 NA NA
v743. (Neg) Attitude towards Divorce { (Var Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=60; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
11 1 Expected,
accepted, tolerated, not disapproved
16 2 Mildly
disapproved, e.g., attempts by others to reconcile couple, marriages expected
to be permanent but divorce accepted without stigma if inevitable
11 3 Approved
if reasons are considered justified; otherwise disapproved
11 4 Expected,
accepted, tolerated, not disapproved in first years of marriage and/or before
children; otherwise disapproved
11 5 Strongly
disapproved; stigma attached to divorce
126 NA NA
v744. (Neg) Frequency of Divorce { (Var Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=85; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
8 1 Universal
or almost universal
31 2 Common,
frequent, not uncommon
11 3 Moderate:
a small minority of couples divorce
10 4 Frequent
in first years of marriage and/or before children; rare thereafter
25 5 Rare,
isolated instances, never
101 NA NA
v745. Grounds for Divorce (Male)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=81; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
54 1 No
grounds necessary for divorce; divorce equaly easy or difficult with out
without justification
17 2 Grounds
not absolutely necessary, but divorce is financially, legally and/or socially
earlier with them
7 3 Divorce
only with grounds
3 4 No
divorce
105 NA NA
v746. Grounds for Divorce (Female)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=82; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
39 1 No
grounds necessary for divorce; divorce equally easy or difficult with or
without justification
30 2 Grounds
not absolutely necessary, but divorce is financially, legally and/or socially
earier with them
9 3 Divorce
only with grounds
4 4 No
divorce
104 NA NA
v747. Honeymoon Customs
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
6 1 Couple
goes off alone or is secluded for some period
7 2 Special
schedules set up to allow couple to spend time together; e.g., coule given special
dispensation to work together, visit or receive visitors together
20 3 Special
schedules set up for newlyweds, but not necessarily for the purpose of allowing
them time together, e.g., wife excused from housework, visitors received by
spouses separately, wife secluded
11 4 No
special arrangements for newlyweds
8 5 Newlyweds
avoid each others, either by tradition or from shyness
134 NA NA
v748. Customs Surrounding Consummation of Marriage
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=66; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
21 1 Socially
recognized as a special occasion and couple granted privacy
6 2 Special
occasion and private, but signal of consummation proof of potency, virginity
awaited by others
8 3 Special
occasion, others present
31 4 Not
a special occasion
120 NA NA
v749. Living Arrangements for Newlyweds
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=116; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
43 1 Couple
move into own house ideally or in reality
12 2 Couple
move in with parents, but separate room or partitioned area is provided
29 3 Couple
move in with parents for first year or so and then set up a separate
household
27 4 Couple
live permanently in extended family setting; no special arrangements for
newlyweds
5 5 Couple
live separated from each other for a period of time
70 NA NA
v750. (Distant) Sleeping Proximity between Husbands and Wives { (Var Label
Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
43 1 Same
room and close proximity: e.g., same bed, same blanket, touching, back to back,
adjacent sleeping places allocated to spouses
15 2 Same
room but no close proximity: e.g., different beds, different hammocks,
different sections of room
45 3 Same
room, proximity unknown
7 4 Different
rooms
76 NA NA
v751. (Low) Privacy in Sleeping for Husbands and Wives (Only If Husband and
Wife Sleep in Same Room) { (Var Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=90; Number of unique values=6
Freq Value Description
6 1 Husband
and wife sleep together alone or with infants
13 2 Husband
and wife sleep with prepubescent children
6 3 Unmarried
members of nuclear family sleep with husband and wife, but either sons or
daughters sleep elsewhere after early childhood
22 4 All
members of nuclear family below marriageable age sleep with husband and
wife
11 5 Other
adults occasionally sleep with husband and and wife; e.g., other adult
dependents who are temporary members of the newlyweds household
32 6 Other
adults permanently sleep with husband and wife
96 NA NA
v752. (No) Husband-wife Eating Arrangements { (Var Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
71 1 Husband
and wife usually eat together
11 2 Husband
and wife are together during meals; wife does not eat with husband, but serves
him and/or converses
28 3 Husband
and wife often, usually, or always eat apart
76 NA NA
v753. (No) Husband-wife Leisure Time Activities { (Var Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=98; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
4 1 Husband
and wife usually spend leisure time together and at home, alone or with nuclear
or extended family members
21 2 Husband
and wife sometimes spend leisure time together at home, and sometimes together
in a group (e.g., they go over or have visitors); same-sex activities may be
present, but they are not salient
21 3 Husband
and wife usually spend leisure time together, but group activities are
emphasized: e.g., couple go to dances together, spend their time habitually in
camp with others
28 4 Husband
and wife sometimes spend leisure time together as a couple or in a group, but
sex- segregated activities are also salient: e.g., couple goes to dances,
market together, but then join same-sex group
24 5 Husband
and wife generally spend leisure time apart: same-sex activities
prgdominate
88 NA NA
v754. Wife-beating
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=70; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
14 1 Absent
56 2 Present
116 NA NA
v755. (No) Husband Attends Birth { (Var Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=68; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
11 1 Husbands
expected or allowed to attend the births of their children and usually do
4 2 No
taboo against presence of husband at births but husbands often (?) or usually
are absent
4 3 Husbands
attend births only in emergencies
8 4 Husbands
not allowed to attend births, but have specific tasks or roles associated with
labor or delivery
41 5 Husbands
not allowed to attend births and are explicitly barred from playing any role in
labor or delivery
118 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Marc Ross, 1983. Political Decision Making and Conflict: Additional
Cross-Cultural Codes and Scales. Ethnology 22: 169-192.
v756. (Low) Political Role Differentiation: Full Time Specialists and Their
Differentiation from Others in the Society { (Var Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=90; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
18 1 Highly
differentiated by wealth, special titles or life style
10 2 Moderately
differentiated
11 3 Somewhat
wealthier but share much of life style by age, gender
7 4 Same
life style, may be older and have somewhat more prestige
18 5 Few
exist but leadership roles present, wealthier than others
15 6 Few
exist but leadership roles present, same life style (as #4)
11 7 None
exist, no permanent leadership roles
96 NA NA
v757. Political and Religious Differentiation
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=83; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
23 1 Consider
overlap between political and religious leaders
30 2 Some
overlap
30 3 Distinct
103 NA NA
v758. Local Community Leadership Selection: Basis
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=90; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
21 1 Kinship;
highly constrained
25 2 Kinship;
broad choice within group
31 3 Non-hereditary,
personal characteristics involved
13 4 Informal,
shifts across situations
96 NA NA
v759. Perceptions of Political Leaders' Power as Seen by Society
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=90; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
24 1 Very
powerful
29 2 Somewhat
powerful, often variable across leaders, situations
37 3 Limited
96 NA NA
v760. Perceptions of Political Leaders' Benevolence as Seen by Society
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=66; Number of unique values=3
Freq Value Description
16 1 Capricious
and arbitrary, power used to further own interests
13 2 Neither
particularly malevolent nor benevolent in use of power
37 3 Basically
benevolent, working in interest of entire community
120 NA NA
v761. Checks on Leaders' Power
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=86; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
5 1 Few,
or those which exist not invoked very often
24 2 Checks
exist which seem to make leaders sensitive to populace
38 3 Leaders
carefully secure substantial support before taking action
19 4 No
leaders act independently lest their community backing lost
100 NA NA
v762. (No) Removal of Leaders Who Are Incompetent or Disliked { (Var Label
Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=77; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
11 1 No
way other than rebellion or popular uprisings
18 2 Institutionalized
means invoked occasionally, possibly by elites
30 3 Not
removed in formal manner but lose influence and are ignored
18 4 No
formal leadership, loss of power when support diminishes
109 NA NA
v763. (Low) Leaders' Exercise of Authority { (Var Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=87; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
24 1 Frequently
act independently and make authoritative decisions
26 2 Make
relatively few decisions on own without consultation
37 3 Use
persuasion to help organized and structure group action
99 NA NA
v764. (Few) Decision Making Bodies: How Most Decisions Are Made { (Var Label
Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=88; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
23 1 Individual(s),
perhaps with advice of few advisors
16 2 Individual(s),
working with an elite council
14 3 Individual(s),
working with a broad based council
19 4 Broad
based community council
16 5 Few
explicit decisions, some made by community at large
98 NA NA
v765. (Low) Political Participation: Range of Community Decision Making {
Extent to Which Community Control Is Exercised over Different Areas of Life
through Collective Decision Making, Which May Be of a Formal or Informal
Nature. (Var Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=88; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
26 1 Collective
decisions impinge on many aspects of peoples lives
18 2 Collective
decisions impinge on a moderate number of areas
25 3 Collective
decisions impinge on few aspects of peoples lives
19 4 Minimal
collective decisions which impinge on peoples lives
98 NA NA
v766. (Low) Political Participation: Extensivity of Adult Participation in
Areas Where Collective Decision Making Present { (Var Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=84; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
13 1 Widespread:
decision making forums open to all adults and involvement is relatively
great
31 2 High
or some: widespread for some groups, but exclusion of others on the basis of
gender, age, or kinship status
24 3 Moderate:
some consultation present but low input from community
16 4 Low
or non-existent: Leaders make most decisions and involvement of average person
highly limited or absent
102 NA NA
v767. (No) Conflict (Social or Political) in the Local Community { (Var Label
Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=90; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
4 1 Endemic:
a reality of daily existence (e.g., physical violence, feuding, bitter
factionalism)
20 2 High:
Conflict present but not a pervasive aspect of daily life
46 3 Moderate:
Disagreements and differences do not result in high violence or severe
disruption
20 4 Mild
or rare
96 NA NA
v768. (No) Conflict between Communities of the Same Society { (Var Label
Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=89; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
25 1 Endemic:
High physical violence, feuding, and/or raiding occur regularly
23 2 Moderately
High, often involving physical violence
21 3 Moderate:
Disputes may occur regularly but tendency to manage them in a more or less
peaceful manner
20 4 Mild
or rare
97 NA NA
v769. Conflict Management in Local Community: Dominant Mode
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=88; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
31 1 Conflicting
parties encouraged to find a solution on their own
27 2 Conflicting
parties easily draw new parties in but pressures for resolving disputes using
informal mechanisms
30 3 Authorities
often get involved and work to achieve a settlement
98 NA NA
v770. (No) Resort to Physical Force by Disputants in Settling Disputes,
Exclusive of Police or Institutionalized Force, { (Var Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=90; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
34 1 Often
used
32 2 Sometimes
used
24 3 Rarely
or never used
96 NA NA
v771. (No) Mediation/Negotiation/Arbitration: Third Parties in Disputes, Unable
to Impose a Binding Decision, but May Facilitate Settlement { (Var Label
Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=88; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
57 1 Often
used (to settle disputes)
19 2 Sometimes
used
12 3 Rarely
or never used
98 NA NA
v772. (No) Litigation: Use of Third Parties Offering Binding Decisions, with or
without Formal Court Systems { (Var Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=89; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
27 1 Frequent
involvement in litigation by society members
21 2 Occasional
involvement
41 3 Rare
or non-involvement
97 NA NA
v773. (No) Internal Warfare (between Communities of Same Society) { (Var Label
Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=85; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
31 1 Frequent,
occurring at least yearly
14 2 Common,
at least every five years
10 3 Occasional,
at least every generation
30 4 Rare
or never
101 NA NA
v774. (No) External Warfare (with Other Societies) { (Var Label Reversed)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=84; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
45 1 Frequent,
occurring at least yearly
13 2 Common,
at least every five years
6 3 Occasional,
at least every generation
20 4 Rare
or never
102 NA NA
v775. (Low) Compliance of Individuals with Community Norms and Decisions { (Var
Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=86; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
43 1 High
31 2 Moderate
12 3 Highly
Variable
100 NA NA
v776. (Few) Formal Sanctions and Enforcement for Community Decisions { (Var
Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=90; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
23 1 Great
sanctioning power available
32 2 Some
35 3 Little
or none
96 NA NA
v777. (No) Enforcement Specialists (e.g., Police, Tax Collectors) { (Var Label
Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=89; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
29 1 Present
21 2 Not
specialized but done by leaders who do other things as well
39 3 Absent,
or carried out by social pressure of wider community
97 NA NA
v778. (Low) Loyalty to the Local Community { (Var Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=83; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
30 1 Especially
high
33 2 High
14 3 Moderate
6 4 Low
103 NA NA
v779. (Low) Loyalty to the Wider Society (in Some Cases Indistinguishable from
the Local Community) { (Var Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=84; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
11 1 Especially
high -- uniformly high across groups
16 2 High
for the most part across groups in the society
33 3 Moderate
-- some noticeable variation across groups in society
24 4 Low
-- not terribly salient or rarely important as a concern
102 NA NA
v780. (Low) Hostility toward Other Societies { (Var Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=74; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
28 1 Extensive:
bitter feelings toward almost all outsiders
18 2 High:
bitter feelings toward outsiders, but not always
17 3 Moderate:
sometimes bitter feelings, but much differentiation
11 4 Low:
little hostility toward outsiders
112 NA NA
v781. (Un) Acceptability of Violence toward Members of the Local Community {
(Var Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=86; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
7 2 Acceptable
18 3 Tolerated
61 4 Disapproved
100 NA NA
v782. (Un) Acceptability of Violence toward Members of the Same Society, but
outside the Local Community { (Var Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=77; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
12 1 Valued
28 2 Acceptable
10 3 Tolerated
27 4 Disapproved
109 NA NA
v783. (Un) Acceptability of Violence toward People in Other Societies { (Var Label
Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=64; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
39 1 Valued
16 2 Acceptable
3 3 Tolerated
6 4 Disapproved
122 NA NA
v784. (No) Taxation Paid to Community (e.g., in Agricultural Produce, Labor,
Finished Goods) { (Var Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=85; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
31 1 Regular
and non-negligible taxes to community
20 2 Only
in special situations or Modest level
34 3 None
101 NA NA
v785. (No) Local Political Fission of Dissatisfied Persons { (Var Label
Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=64; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
30 1 Often
move to another community following disputes
20 2 Sometimes
move to another community following disputes
14 3 Rarely
or never move to another community following disputes
122 NA NA
v786. Adult Mobility
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=79; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
18 1 Adults
generally attached to particular communities throughout their lives, especially
after marriage
22 2 Individuals
occasionally move to new communities as adults
39 3 Movement
between communities is quite common for adults
107 NA NA
v787. (Low) Contact with Other Societies { (Var Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=87; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
45 1 Frequent,
through trade, warfare, travel, etc.
28 2 Occasional
but not often
14 3 Rare
or never
99 NA NA
v788. Cross-cutting Ties: Extent to Which Individuals Living in Different
Communities of the Same Society Linked Together in Politically Relevant
Ways
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=89; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
34 1 No
politically relevant links, formal organizations, or strong informal
obligations which extend beyond the local community
30 2 Some
politically relevant ties, but wider society divided into some discrete groups
not linked through cross-cutting ties
25 3 Cross-cutting
ties link individuals throughout the society, cutting across territorial groups
in one or more ways
97 NA NA
v789. Type of Cross-cutting Ties: Age Organizations (Grades, Sets) Cutting
across Communities
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=89; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
78 1 Absent
5 2 Present
but not politically important
6 3 Present
and political important
97 NA NA
v790. Type of Cross-cutting Ties: Kinship Organizations Cutting across Communities
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=90; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
23 1 Absent
27 2 Present
but not politically important
40 3 Present
and political important
96 NA NA
v791. Type of Cross-cutting Ties: Moieties Cutting across Communities
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=89; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
76 1 Absent
8 2 Present
but not politically important
5 3 Present
and political important
97 NA NA
v792. Types of Cross-cutting Ties: Ritual Organizations (Religious, Cult
Groups) Cutting across Communities
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=89; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
42 1 Absent
27 2 Present
but not politically important
20 3 Present
and political important
97 NA NA
v793. (Low) Female Participation in Public Political Arenas, Relative to Males
{ (Var Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=80; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
8 1 High:
in some situations equal to or greater than that of men
27 2 Significant
but not as high as male involvement
19 3 Not
great but clearly some role for women in public aspects of political life
26 4 Women
generally excluded from public aspects of politics
106 NA NA
v794. (Low) Female Participation in Private Political Arenas, Relative to Males
{ (Var Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=66; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
35 1 High:
in some situations equal to or greater than that of men
15 2 Significant
but not as high as male involvement
12 3 Not
great but clearly some role for women in private aspects of political
life
4 4 Women
do not seem to get involved in political life in private arenas
120 NA NA
v795. (Low) Gender Differences in Political or Quasi-political Positions of
Authority { (Var Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=84; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
8 1 Women
and men eligible for some of the same positions and women commonly do so
18 2 Women
and men eligible for some of the same positions and women occasionally do
so
7 3 Women
rarely, if ever, hold some of the same positions regardless of rules of
eligibility
51 4 The
same political positions are not open to both women and men
102 NA NA
v796. (No) Separate Female Organizations and Positions { (Var Label Reversed)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=69; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
22 1 Some
associations or organizations under exclusive control of women
15 2 No
associations but some positions of authority for which only women are
eligible
32 3 No
associations or positions exclusively controlled by women
117 NA NA
v797. (Low) Coder Assessment of Data Quality { (Var Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=90; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
14 1 Especially
high -- judgments not difficult to make
31 2 Good
-- some missing data, those available seemed good
34 3 Moderate
but acceptable -- a good deal of inference sometimes required
11 4 Weak
for certain variables with much missing data and only the most general
descriptions for some domains
96 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Ronald P. Rohner, D. Scott Berg, and Evelyn C. Rohner. 1982. Data
Quality Control in the Standard Sample: Cross-Cultural Codes. Ethnology 21:
359-372.
The references used for coding the sample were derived from Barry and Paxson's
(1971) research on infancy and childhood.
v798. Date of Publication
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=65
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean 1940.269
min 1780
max 1972
sd 26.866
v799. Number of Pages in the Book
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=163
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean 299.156
min 6
max 1449
sd 239.79
v800. Number of Pages Related to Child Training Practices
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=41
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean 12.914
min 0
max 273
sd 26.785
v801. Proportion of Book Devoted to Child Training 0 - 99 Pct
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=88
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean 0.061
min 0
max 0.999
sd 0.113
v802. Year Fieldwork Began
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=73; Number of unique
values=41
Stat Value
nobs 73
mean 1935.685
min 1869
max 1965
sd 19.05
v803. Total Months of Fieldwork
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=83; Number of unique
values=30
Stat Value
nobs 83
mean 22.711
min 2
max 99
sd 26.848
v804. Age of Informants
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=80; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
66 1 Adults
14 2 Children
and Adults
106 NA NA
v805. Sex of Informants
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=80; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
39 1 Males
6 2 Females
35 3 Both
106 NA NA
v806. Number of Informants
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=81; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
14 1 1
31 2 2
or 3
20 3 4
through 7
2 4 8
through 10
14 5 11
or more
105 NA NA
v807. Repeated Observation of Different Families' Socialization Practices
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
123 1 No
(but not distinguished from missing data)
63 2 Yes
be clearly distinguished from cases where the verification efforts identified
by the codes were not used.]
v808. Use of Multiple Informants to Collect Data on Child Rearing
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
119 1 No
(but not distinguished from missing data)
67 2 Yes
v809. Use of Tests (e.g., Rorschach, Tat, Sentence Completion, I.q.)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
167 1 No
(but not distinguished from missing data)
19 2 Yes
v810. Other Verification Efforts
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
179 1 No
(but not distinguished from missing data)
7 2 Yes
v811. Number of Verification Efforts
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=94; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
3 0 none
41 1 1
36 2 2
3 3 3
5 4 4
6 5 5
or more
92 NA NA
v812. Language Familiarity ** (e.g., by Ethnographers)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=89; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
31 1 Little
or none
35 2 Some
23 3 Fluent
97 NA NA
v813. Community Involvement ** (e.g., by Ethnographers)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=91; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
17 1 Limited
38 2 Intermediate
36 3 Extensive
95 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Herbert Barry III and Alice Schlegel. 1982. Cross-Cultural Codes on
Contributions by Women to Subsistence. Ethnology 21: 165-188.
Percent Importance in Contribution to Subsistence and Trade Computed indirectly
from variables 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 1.
v814. Importance of Agriculture
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=17
Freq Value
38 0
17 5
2 15
3 20
7 25
2 30
18 35
10 40
12 45
26 55
23 60
13 65
4 70
7 75
2 80
1 85
1 99
v815. Importance of Domes. Anim
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=13
Freq Value
50 0
66 5
3 10
4 15
9 20
35 25
3 35
4 55
8 60
1 65
1 70
1 80
1 90
v816. Importance of Fishing
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=15
Freq Value
30 0
78 5
2 10
5 15
8 20
39 25
1 35
5 40
3 45
2 50
3 55
1 60
3 65
4 70
2 90
v817. Importance of Hunting
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=16
Freq Value
25 0
85 5
2 10
3 15
11 20
36 25
2 30
2 35
7 40
4 45
2 50
1 55
1 60
1 65
3 70
1 80
v818. Importance of Gathering
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=13
Freq Value
20 0
116 5
1 10
1 15
10 20
22 25
2 30
2 35
3 40
5 45
1 50
1 65
2 75
v819. Importance of Trade
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value
65 0
80 5
2 10
1 15
7 20
29 25
1 55
1 65
v820. Principal Subsistence Category
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
10 1 G
Gathering
16 2 H
Hunting
23 3 F
Fishing
18 4 I
Incipient Agriculture
16 5 D
Domestic Animals
46 6 E
Extensive Agriculture
55 7 N
Intensive Agriculture
2 8 T
Trade
Percent Female Contribution to Subsistence Tasks computed indirectly from the
variables 108-112 (agriculture), 113-115 (domestic animals), 101, 104, 107
(Fishing), 103, 105, 106 (Hunting), and 99, 100, 102 (Gathering)
v821. Percent Female Contribution to Agriculture
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=142; Number of unique
values=29
Stat Value
nobs 142
mean 39.38
min 0
max 100
sd 23.764
v822. Percent Female Contribution to Domestic Animals
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=114; Number of unique
values=31
Stat Value
nobs 114
mean 43.974
min 0
max 100
sd 35.59
v823. Percent Female Contribution to Fishing
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=140; Number of unique
values=21
Freq Value Description
64 0 0
1 5 5
2 13 13
4 15 15
6 19 19
5 20 20
23 25 25
1 30 30
4 33 33
3 35 35
2 38 38
5 42 42
3 44 44
1 45 45
5 50 50
1 63 63
1 65 65
1 67 67
5 75 75
2 81 81
1 100 100
46 NA NA
v824. Percent Female Contribution to Hunting
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=158; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
138 0 0
4 5 5
4 8 8
2 10 10
1 13 13
4 15 15
1 17 17
1 20 20
1 25 25
2 33 33
28 NA NA
v825. Percent Female Contribution to Gathering
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=137; Number of unique
values=26
Freq Value Description
14 0 0
1 11 11
1 19 19
8 25 25
1 30 30
1 31 31
3 33 33
4 38 38
1 39 39
1 40 40
2 42 42
3 45 45
13 50 50
7 56 56
1 57 57
2 58 58
2 60 60
2 63 63
1 65 65
2 67 67
2 69 69
1 70 70
23 75 75
1 81 81
2 88 88
38 100 100
49 NA NA
v826. Average Female Contribution to Subsistence { Percentages, Computed from Weighted
Sum of Variables: (814x821 + 815x822 + 816x823 + 817x824 + 818x825)/(100-819).
This differs from Barry's calculations by at most 1%. Two additional societies
are coded with 50% or more trade dependence. }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=63
Stat Value
nobs 183
mean 32.869
min 0
max 79
sd 16.55
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Herbert Barry, III, and Alice Schlegel. 1984. Measurements of
Adolescent Sexual Behavior in the Standard Sample of Societies. Ethnology 23:
315-332.
Encouragement of sexual behavior, taking into account its frequency, emotional
intensity, importance, and variety (including range of partners) in
adolescence. Heterosexual intercourse is the principal criterion, but
heterosexual foreplay, masturbation, homosexuality, sexual jokes, and exposing
the genitals were also considered.
v827. Sexual Expression in Adolescent Boys
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=154; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
9 1 1
27 2 Not
approved or admired by parents or authorities Mild forms (e.g. sexual jokes)
sometimes approved.
5 3 3
12 4 4
33 5 Normally
and generally approved [by parents, etc.] Moderate frequency, intensity,
importance, variety
15 6 6
7 7 7
44 8 Strongly
approved and valued [by parents, etc.] High frequency, variety of sexual
behavior admired.
2 9 9
32 NA NA
v828. Sexual Expression in Adolescent Girls
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=158; Number of unique values=10
Freq Value Description
1 0 0
23 1 1
37 2 Not
approved or admired by parents or authorities Mild forms (e.g. sexual jokes)
sometimes approved.
3 3 3
10 4 4
31 5 Normally
and generally approved [by parents, etc.] Moderate frequency, intensity,
importance, variety
9 6 6
7 7 7
34 8 Strongly
approved and valued [by parents, etc.] High frequency, variety of sexual
behavior admired.
3 9 9
28 NA NA
The absence of sexual restraints such as taboos or restrictions on heterosexual
intercourse and other erotic behavior, including heterosexual play,
masturbation, and homosexuality. A high degree of modesty, such as the
requirement to keep the genitals constantly covered in public, indicates
moderate restraint. Incest taboos, if highly emphasized or widely extended, are
considered as indicators of restraint. Note: Sexual nonrestraint = Sexual
expression + 1 more or less. The authors indicate the advisability of using the
sum of the two scores as a Sexual Freedom index.
v829. Sexual Nonrestraint in Adolescent Boys
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=155; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
4 1 1
21 2 Strictly
and effectively prohibited
7 3 3
10 4 4
30 5 Disapproved
and punished mildly and inconsistent
13 6 6
5 7 7
45 8 Condoned
and not generally punished
20 9 9
31 NA NA
v830. Sexual Nonrestraint in Adolescent Girls
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=159; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
1 0 0
7 1 1
36 2 Strictly
and effectively prohibited
10 3 3
9 4 4
32 5 Disapproved
and punished mildly and inconsistent
9 6 6
3 7 7
37 8 Condoned
and not generally punished
15 9 9
27 NA NA
Differentiation of adolescent from preadolescent activities, status, and all
other attributes of behavior and self-concept
v831. Differentiation of Adolescence from Childhood for Boys
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=166; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
48 1 Low,
mostly the same, no formal transition. Frequent companionship between the two
stages
57 2 Substantial,
but inconsistent, not formalized, or companionship only for some
activities
61 3 High,
with formal transition. Infrequent companionship with younger children.
20 NA NA
v832. Differentiation of Adolescence from Childhood for Girls
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=164; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
62 1 Low,
mostly the same, no formal transition. Frequent companionship between the two
stages
59 2 Substantial,
but inconsistent, not formalized, or companionship only for some activities
43 3 High,
with formal transition. Infrequent companionship with younger children.
22 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: George P. Murdock and Douglas R. White. 1969. Standard Cross-Cultural
Sample. Ethnology 8: 329-369.
v833. Subsistence Economy: Dominant Mode
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
56 1 Advanced
Agriculture
18 2 Horticulture
51 3 Simple
or Shifting Cultivation
15 4 Domestic
Animals
1 5 Exchange
17 6 Fishing
13 7 Gathering
15 8 Hunting
v834. Subsistence Economy: Subsidiary Mode
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=96; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
2 1 Advanced
Agriculture
33 4 Domestic
Animals
3 5 Exchange
22 6 Fishing
10 7 Gathering
26 8 Hunting
90 NA NA
v835. Political Integration
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
80 1 Independent
local communities
49 2 Single
level of political integration
24 3 Two
levels of supra-community integration
30 4 Three
or more levels of supra-community integration
3 NA NA
v836. Rule of Descent: Primary
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
24 1 Matrilineal,
with non-avunculocal residence
6 2 Matrilineal,
with predominantly avunculocal residence
66 3 Nonlineal
or bilateral, i.e., without lineages though often with personal kindreds
71 4 Patrilineal
2 5 Quasi-Patrilineal,
incipient or decadent patrilineages (5)
10 6 Ambilineal,
e.g., with nonunilineal ramages
6 8 Patrilineal,
with Matrilineal secondary
1 9 Matrilineal,
predominantly avunculocal residence, with Patrilineal secondary
v837. Adequacy of Hraf File
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
51 0 No
File
98 1 Inadequate
26 2 Useful
11 3 Satisfactory
v838. Pinpointing Date by Year
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=76
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean 1853.333
min -1750
max 1965
sd 358.382
v840. Outline of World Cultures Region, Sub-region, and Societal Code (Murdock
1975)
Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=139; Number of unique
values=138
First six non-missing records:
society v840
Nama FX13
Kung FX10
Thonga FT06
Lozi FQ09e
Mbundu FP13e
Bemba FQ05e
v841. Ethnographic Atlas Region, Sub-region, and Societal Code (Murdock
1962)
Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=181
First six non-missing records:
society v841
Nama Aa 3
Kung Aa 1
Thonga Ab 4
Lozi Ab 3
Mbundu Ab 4
Suku Ac17
v842. Ethnographic Atlas Sequence Number (Murdock 1962)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=186
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean 358.699
min 1
max 1267
sd 365.274
v843. Atlas of World Cultures Region, Sub-region, and Societal Code (Murdock
1981)
Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=176; Number of unique
values=174
First six non-missing records:
society v843
Nama A01a
Kung A02a
Thonga A03a
Lozi A03f
Mbundu A04a
Suku A05a
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Douglas R. White, John W. M. Whiting, and Michael L. Burton. 1986. New
Codes.
v854. Niche Temperature (Approximate) Adapted from William Goode, World
Atlas
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
129 1 Very
hot Af Am Aw Caf Caw BSh BWh
9 2 Hot
Caw Hh_ BWn Bw
13 3 Warm
Csb Cbw Hk BWk
14 4 Mild
Cbf Cc BSk
3 5 Cool
Daf Daw
4 6 Cold
Dbf
11 7 Very
cold Dcf Dcw
3 8 Polar
ET
v855. Niche Rainfall (Approximate) Adapted from William Goode, World
Atlas
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
49 1 Tropical
rainforest
36 2 Very
wet
24 3 Wet
20 4 Moderately
wet
35 5 Dry
3 6 Very
dry
19 7 Desert
v856. Niches Adapted from William Goode, World Atlas: No Key for Factor
Levels
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=15
Freq Value Description
34 1 1
28 2 2
19 3 3
12 4 4
7 5 5
9 6 6
7 7 7
9 8 8
9 9 9
37 10 10
3 11 11
1 12 12
6 13 13
4 14 14
1 15 15
v857. Climate Type - Ordered in Terms of Open Access to Rich Ecological
Resources D. White and M. Burton L986
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
6 1 Polar
38 2 Desert
or cold steppe
50 3 Tropical
rainforest
39 4 Moist
temperate
45 5 Tropical
savanna
8 6 Tropical
highlands
levels 1-4 FORAGERS: 80% or more dependence on food collection levels
5-6 DOMESTICATED ANIMALS: Pastoralism >33% or Mounted Hunting levels
7-8 SHIFTING CULTIVATION: new field cleared annually, cultivated for a year or
two, then allowed to revert to forest levels 9-10 HORTICULTURE: semi-intensive
agriculture limited mainly to vegetal gardens or groves of fruit trees rather
than field crops levels 11-12 INTENSIVE AGRICULTURE: permanent
fields or short fallow and long period of use of fields, with fertilization by
compost, animal manure, crop rotation, or other
v858. Subsistence Type - Ecological Classification D. White, 1984, after Karen
and Jeffrey Paige (L981)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=11
Freq Value Description
9 1 Gathering
9 2 Hunting
and/or Marine Animals
12 3 Fishing
8 4 Anadromous
Fishing (spawning fish such as Salmon)
5 5 Mounted
Hunting
18 6 Pastoralism
33 7 Shifting
Cultivation, with digging sticks or wooden hoes
19 8 Shifting
Cultivation, with metal hoes
18 9 Horticultural
Gardens or Tree Fruits
23 11 Intensive
Agriculture, with no plow
32 12 Intensive
Agriculture, with plow
v859. Resource Base - Reclassification of above, as per Paige and Paige
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=11
Freq Value Description
9 1 (2)
Hunting and/or Marine Animals
9 2 (1)
Gathering
12 3 (3)
Fishing
5 4 (5)
Mounted Hunting
33 5 (7)
Shifting Cultivation, with digging sticks or wooden hoes
8 6 (4)
Anadromous Fishing
18 7 (9)
Horticultural Gardens or Tree Fruits
23 8 (11)
Intensive Agriculture, with no plow
19 10 (8)
Shifting Cultivation, with metal hoes
18 11 (6)
Pastoralism
32 12 (12)
Intensive Agriculture, with plow
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Douglas R. White. 1988. Rethinking Polygyny: Co-Wives, Codes, and
Cultural Systems. Current Anthropology 29:529-559. (project begun in
collaboration with Michael L. Burton, and John W. M. Whiting).
v860. Cultural Basis of Polygyny
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=184; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
27 1 Monogamy
prescribed
32 2 Monogamy
preferred, but exceptional cases of polygyny
45 3 Polygyny
preferred by individual men with leadership attributes (chiefs, medicine men,
outstanding hunters)
34 4 Polygyny
preferred by men of a higher social class: men of wealth, rank, nobility,
etc.
46 5 Polygyny
preferred by most men, and attained by most men of sufficient years or wealth
to obtain wives. Thus: (a) older men usually have more wives; (b) polygyny is
generally based on the accumulation of wealth; and (c) extra wives are an
economic asset in terms of labor.
2 NA NA
v861. Standard Polygamy Code: Whyte, Murdock and Wilson, Murdock Atlas
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=178; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
2 0 Polyandry
27 1 Monogamy
prescribed
33 2 Monogamy
preferred, but exceptional cases of polygyny
56 3 Limited
polygyny < 20 pct of married males
60 4 Full
polygyny 20 pct or more of married males
8 NA NA
NOTE: There is sufficient information for an exclusively non-sororal category,
see especially Murdock's Africa (1959). Probably also sufficient for sororal
preferred but not predominant.
v862. Sororal Polygyny
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=164; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
25 1 No
polygyny (M)
94 2 Non-sororal
polygyny predominant (Atlas PQ) (sororal may or may not be permitted)
36 3 Sororal
or marriage to wifes kin predominant (Atlas RS)
9 4 Sororal
or secondary marriage to wifes kin only
22 NA NA
v863. Distance between Co-wives
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=156; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
1 0 One
wife, multiple husbands
25 1 One
wife (Atlas M)
59 2 Co-residence
for multiple wives (Atlas PR)
25 3 One
wife resides with husband, others in separate houses
13 4 One
wife resides with husband, others in separate communities
31 5 Separate
housing in compound for every wife (Atlas QS)
2 6 Separate
housing in village for every wife [as might occur, for example, with mens
houses, e.g., Otoro - check]
30 NA NA
v864. Rooming Arrangement for Wives
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
130 1 Wife
sleeps in same room with husband
50 2 Wife
sleeps in room apart from husbands room, including cases of mens dormitories or
30 pct or more polygynously married women if co-wives sleep apart (e.g.,
Trobriand chiefs wives constitute circa 39 pct of the married women)
6 NA NA
v865. Rooming Arrangement for Husband
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=179; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
141 1 Husband
has no room apart (dominant pattern, e.g., for Trobriand commoners)
38 2 Husband
has a room apart, even if rotates among wives
7 NA NA
v866. Higher Rates of Polygyny for Men of Wealth, Rank, Nobility, or Higher
Social Class
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=154; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
63 0 No
Stratified polygyny
14 1 Hereditary
upper social class (note: incompletely coded)
6 2 Achieved
rank connected with groups (note: incompletely coded)
71 3 Achieved
wealth - due to contributions of wives
32 NA NA
v867. Multiple Wives for Skilled Hunters
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=163; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
141 0 No,
or unimportant
22 1 exceptional
skill in hunting
23 NA NA
v868. Multiple Wives for Leaders, Headmen, Chiefs
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
95 0 No,
or unimportant
67 1 Yes,
or Leaders have more wives than commoners
24 NA NA
NOTE: sometimes coded 0 for General polygyny although magicians also polygynous
- unclear whether higher polygyny level should be required in this instance for
this code
v869. Multiple Wives for Medicine Men or Shamans
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
141 0 No,
or unimportant
20 1 Yes
25 NA NA
NOTE: It is often difficult to distinguish secondary wives taken as slave
concubines, or marriage to freed slaves, and wives taken from capture in
warfare, as slavery areas often capture slaves
v870. Additional Wives or Concubines from Slavery or Capture in Warfare
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=158; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
92 1 No
female captives
8 2 Women
taken as captives but not married
58 3 Captives
in war or slaves taken as wives or concubines
28 NA NA
v871. Percentage of Married Men with More than One Wife
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=145; Number of unique
values=39
Stat Value
nobs 145
mean 15.703
min 0
max 90
sd 19.578
v872. Percentage of Married Women Polygynously Married (Share Husband with One
or More Co-wives)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=143; Number of unique
values=53
Stat Value
nobs 143
mean 25.287
min 0
max 97
sd 27.855
v873. Reliability of Data for Percentage Polygynously Married
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=128; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
87 1 Direct
percentages: good quantitative data
13 2 Direct
percentages for male polygyny, female polygyny estimated for minimum of two
wives per man, where if
2 3 percentage
female polygyny estimated from ratios of men with different numbers of wives,
provided by ethnographer
3 4 lower
of two or more censuses used, or estimates where there is some other reason to
believe that true percentages are higher for both males and females
23 5 estimates
from 0 to 5 pct male polygyny inferred from statements about limited polygyny;
these are doubled for female percentages (a minimal estimate)
58 NA NA
v874. Polygyny Data Source
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=140; Number of unique values=4
Freq Value Description
55 1 Sample
of over 100 married men
29 2 Sample
of less than 100 married men, but of an entire settlement
48 3 Estimate
from Ethnographer Statements
8 4 Estimate
by Inference from Ethnographer Statements
46 NA NA
v875. Date for Polygyny Code
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=120; Number of unique
values=19
Freq Value Description
1 -1750 -1750
1 110 110
1 1630 1630
1 1750 1750
1 1820 1820
1 1830 1830
2 1840 1840
5 1850 1850
4 1860 1860
4 1870 1870
3 1880 1880
7 1890 1890
4 1900 1900
5 1910 1910
14 1920 1920
25 1930 1930
20 1940 1940
17 1950 1950
4 1960 1960
66 NA NA
v876. Polygyny Distributions
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=51; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
25 1 True
Binomial
26 2 Negative
Binomial
135 NA NA
v877. Polygyny Guttman Scale I: Co-wife Autonomy Constructed from 854-852
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=181; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
69 0 None
of the following
51 1 Stratified
Polygyny (854) only
6 2 Negative
binomial (855), plus above
13 3 Marriage
of female captives (858), plus above
7 4 General
polygyny (849), plus above
9 5 Rooming
apart (853), plus above
26 6 Polygynous
compounds (852), plus above
5 NA NA
v878. Polygyny Guttman Scale II: Charismatic Constructed from 851-855
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
44 0 None
of the following
72 1 Rooming
together (853) only
26 2 Co-Wives
same dwelling (852), plus above
25 3 Sororal
(851), plus above
9 4 Polygynous
hunters (855), plus above
6 5 Exclusive
sororal polygyny (851), plus above
4 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Michael J. Winkelman and Douglas R. White. 1986. Cross Cultural Study
of Magico-Religious Practitioners: Database. World Cultures 2(3).
Samples every 4th society in the Standard Sample (1, 5, 9, ...), but societies
9 and 185 have insufficient data to code; 2 added
v879. Shaman
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=47; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
34 0 Absent
13 1 Present
139 NA NA
v880. Shaman/Healer
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=47; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
36 0 Absent
11 1 Present
139 NA NA
v881. Healer
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=47; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
25 0 Absent
17 1 Present
5 2 Present
- with characteristics of the Healer, but not
139 NA NA
v882. Medium
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=47; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
30 0 Absent
17 1 Present
139 NA NA
v883. Sorcerer/Witch
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=46; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
29 0 Absent
17 1 Present
(Note: the Roman practitioner known as a
140 NA NA
v884. Priest
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=47; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
19 0 Absent
28 1 Present
139 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Douglas R. White. Scales constructed from existing codes.
v885. Female Contribution to Subsistence: Ethnographic Atlas
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=152; Number of unique
values=31
Stat Value
nobs 152
mean 34.658
min 0
max 75
sd 17.318
v886. Female Contribution to Subsistence: Martin Whyte
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=72; Number of unique
values=33
Stat Value
nobs 72
mean 38.972
min 0
max 90
sd 16.074
v887. Female Contribution to Subsistence: Barry and Schlegel
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique
values=63
Stat Value
nobs 185
mean 32.757
min 0
max 79
sd 16.635
v888. Female Contribution to Subsistence: Maximal Difference of Three
Scores
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=163; Number of unique
values=39
Stat Value
nobs 163
mean 14.607
min 0
max 52
sd 10.475
v889. Female Contribution to Subsistence: Average of Three Scores
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique
values=57
Stat Value
nobs 185
mean 34.497
min 0
max 80
sd 15.308
v890. Female Contribution to Subsistence: Average of Three Scores
(Ordinated)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
5 0 0-
4 pct
13 1 5-14
pct
27 2 15-24
pct
45 3 25-34
pct
48 4 35-44
pct
34 5 45-54
pct
8 6 55-64
pct
4 7 65-74
pct
1 8 75-84
pct
1 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Valerie Wheeler [Nammour], l974. Drums and Guns: A Cross-Cultural Study
of the Nature of War. Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Oregon.
References cited: Naroll, Raoul. 1966. Does military deterrence deter?
Trans-Action 3(2): 14-20. and Otterbein, Keith F. 1970. The Evolution of War: A
Cross-cultural study. HRAF Press.
v891. Frequency of Internal War Otterbein (1970: 3, 84, 143) Definition of
Internal War { (Var Label Reversed) Otterbein's (1970: 3, 84, 143) definition
of internal war excludes feuding: warfare between political communities within
the cultural unit, i.e., continguous political communities that are culturally
similar. p. 3: Warfare is defined as armed combat between political
communities. Armed combat, which is fighting with weapons, is performed by
military organizations. When political communities within the same cultural
unit engage in warfare, this is considered to be internal war. p. 143: If there
is more than one military organization within a political community, and these
... engage in armed combat, this is considered feuding or civil war, depending
on the scope of the conflict. }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
17 1 Continual
54 2 Frequent
89 3 Infrequent
26 NA NA
v892. Frequency of External War - Attacking [follows Otterbein 1970: 84,
143-144] { (Var Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=157; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
31 1 Continual
61 2 Frequent
65 3 Infrequent
29 NA NA
v893. Frequency of External War - Being Attacked [follows Otterbein 1970: 84,
143-144] { (Var Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=153; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
26 1 Continual
67 2 Frequent
60 3 Infrequent
33 NA NA
v894. Form of Military Mobilization [adapted from Otterbein 1970: 144] { (Var
Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
60 1 Age-grades,
military societies, standing armies
86 2 None
of above: but men organized as friends, family, lineage,clan
14 3 Absence
of military organization altogether
26 NA NA
v895. Decision to Engage in War [follows Otterbein 1970: 28-29, 144]
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=137; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
102 1 Taken
by official or council of the political community
35 2 Anyone
49 NA NA
v896. Commencement of War [follows Otterbein 1970: 32, 144]
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=133; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
21 1 By
announcement
8 2 By
mutual agreement
104 3 By
surprise attack
53 NA NA
v897. Conclusion of War [follows Otterbein 1970: 35, 144]
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=133; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
61 1 By
negotiation
52 2 By
simply stopping
20 3 War
is not ended but is continual
53 NA NA
v898. Peace Ceremony { (Var Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=82; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
61 1 Present
21 2 Absent
104 NA NA
v899. Military Expectations I-pre-state [follows Naroll L966, with
Modifications by Otterbein 1970] { (Var Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=167; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
99 1 High,
with any one of the following present: Subjugation of territory or people (909)
Collection of tribute (910) Land - fields, hunting/fishing territory, pastures
(911) Trophies and honors (including captives for sacrifice) (913)
68 2 Low,
absence of any of the above
19 NA NA
v900. Military Expectations II-state { (Var Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=166; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
76 1 High,
with any one of the following present: Subjugation of territory or people (909)
Collection of tribute (910) Land - fields, hunting/fishing territory, pastures
(911)
90 2 Low,
absence of any of the above
20 NA NA
v901. Casualty Rate Poor Correlation with Ember 2005 Male Mortality in War
[follows Otterbein 1970: 81, 146] { (Var Label Reversed) This has turned out to
be a difficult variable to code; information does not exist in most cases.
Wheeler l974:270 }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=79; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
35 1 High
(1/3rd or more of combatants)
44 2 Low
107 NA NA
v902. Leadership during Battle [modified from Otterbein 1970: 23-28, 144] {
When I drew up this variable, I neglected to allow for those cases where a
leader has an official position -- appointed war chief, hereditary war chief --
and is very aware of the honor and respect of this office but still has no
means to force followers to obey. His formality may be hollow if people choose
to disregard his direction. Wheeler l974:272 }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=142; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
62 1 An
official who could back up his decision by force
67 2 An
informal leader whom people obeyed because of respect, but who had no means to
force warriors to obey
13 3 Everyone
is on his own
44 NA NA
v903. Prestige Associated with Being a Soldier or Warrior { (Var Label
Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=151; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
61 1 A
great deal; important for every male
64 2 some,
not necessary to be a warrior to have influence in the community
26 3 No
special consideration, respect, or distinctions for a man who fights
35 NA NA
v904. Cowardice: Defined As { This variable is a failure, but for an
interesting reason. With very few exceptions, even including professionally
trained ethnographers, observers simply do not state what action brings down an
accusation of cowardice. Cowardice is often mentioned, but not what it is seen
to be. Wheeler 1974: 273. }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=58; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
27 1 Refusing
to fight
29 2 Leaving
companions
2 3 Running
away
128 NA NA
v905. Rewards (Special Gifts, Praises, or Ceremonies, Not including Ritual
Purification for a Man Who Has Killed an Enemy in Battle or Otherwise Shown
Skill in War) { (Var Label Reversed) This variable augments variable [903]
Wheeler l974:273 }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=109; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
68 1 Yes,
usually or always
16 2 Sometimes
25 3 Rarely
or never
77 NA NA
v906. Did Members of the Society Expect Violence to Solve Their Problems? {
(Var Label Reversed) My operationalization of this variable breaks all the
methodological rules and consequently is vulnerable to attack... the coder has
used his assessment of the material overall.... I think the variable is
enormously important, and eventually I hope to build some rigor ... into it.
Wheeler l974:274-5. }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=129; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
71 1 Yes
58 2 No
57 NA NA
v907. Value of War: Violence/War against Non-members of the Group { (Var Label
Reversed) This variable complements but does not duplicate, or resolve,
variable [906].... Clumsy as this variable may seem, it was quite easy to code,
largely due to clear observation by the ethnographer as to the value of war.
The evidence may be comments by the observer, texts or poems and songs, or
statements by the actors. Wheeler l974: 275 }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=146; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
72 1 Enjoyed
and considered to have high value
51 2 Considered
to be a necessary evil
23 3 Consistently
avoided, denounced, not engaged in
40 NA NA
v908. Military Success : Is Political Community/Cultural Unit Winning or Losing
in the Long Run { (Var Label Reversed) [Modified from Otterbein 1970 to include
population as well as territory] }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
42 1 Yes
-- its boundaries/population are expanding
63 2 No
change -- boundaries/population stationary (the population is able to replace
those lost in war)
8 3 Breaking
even -- what it loses in territory it takes from others
59 4 No
-- its boundaries/population are shrinking
14 NA NA
v909. Subjugation of Territory or People { (Var Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=168; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
35 1 Present
133 2 Absent
or not mentioned
18 NA NA
v910. Collection of Tribute { (Var Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=168; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
18 1 Present
150 2 Absent
or not mentioned
18 NA NA
v911. Acquisition of Land : Fields, Hunting/Fishing Territories, Pastures {
(Var Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=168; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
50 1 Present
118 2 Absent
or not mentioned
18 NA NA
v912. Plunder (including Captives for Slaves, Hostages, Adoption) { (Var Label
Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=168; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
104 1 Present
64 2 Absent
or not mentioned
18 NA NA
v913. Trophies and Honors (including Captives for Sacrifice) { (Var Label
Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=168; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
49 1 Present
119 2 Absent
or not mentioned
18 NA NA
v914. Revenge { (Var Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
111 1 Present
58 2 Absent
or not mentioned
17 NA NA
v915. Defense { (Var Label Reversed) The coding of defense was generally
difficult because so few authors specifically mentioned it. Following the rule
[of coding no mentions as absences], I marked it as absent, I simply do not
know where it was truly absent and where the ethnographer assumed that any
ninny would know that it [must] exist. Otterbein (1970) also had difficulty
coding this attribute because of such an assumption. Therefore, I do not
consider my quantitative results on defense to be reliable. Otterbein made one
useful distinction that I could not implement satisfactorily. He coded the
military expectations in order of importance -- first, second, third. There
were too many cases where I could not make such a judgment, even if the data on
expectations per se were good. Wheeler l974:270. }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=168; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
97 1 Present
71 2 Absent
or not mentioned
18 NA NA
v916. Aggressive Defense (Pre-emptive Attack If Enemy Thought about to Attack)
{ (Var Label Reversed) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=167; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
13 1 Present
154 2 Absent
or not mentioned
19 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Orlando Patterson. 1982. Slavery and Social Death: A Comparative Study.
Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Definitions: Patterson defines slaveholding as permanent dominant violation of
natally alienated and generally dishonored persons. This excludes
non-hereditary slavery, and thus does not include what Murdock (1967: 166)
classifies as incipient slavery. His focus is on slaveholding societies, and
excludes societies largely composed of former slaves.
v917. Historical Frame for Pinpointing Date Where Slaveholding Present
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique
values=23
Freq Value Description
119 -1 -1
1 0 0
1 1 No
slaveholding
1 2 1750
BC
1 3 620
BC
1 4 Early
100s
1 5 1292
1 6 Early
1500s
1 7 Mid
1500s
1 8 1600-1650
1 9 Mid
1700s
2 10 Late
1700s
1 11 1780-1820
1 12 Early
1800s
2 13 1800-1910
4 14 1850-1950
15 15 1800s
7 16 Mid
1800s
1 18 Late
1800s - Early 1900s
10 19 Late
1800s - 1910
4 20 Late
1800s - 1930s
6 21 Early
1900s
3 22 1900
- 1920s
1 NA NA
v918. Manumission of Slaves
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
18 1 Infrequent
10 2 Not
common
21 3 Frequent
17 4 No
data on rates of manumission, but hereditary slaveholding is present by
Pattersons definition
7 5 Hereditary
slaveholding not present by Pattersons definition, although present by Murdocks
definition
5 6 Hereditary
slaveholding not present by Pattersons definition, although slavery present by
Murdocks definition, unascertained as to whether hereditary
8 7 Hereditary
slaveholding not present by Pattersons definition, although nonhereditary
slavery present (e.g., slaves captured in warfare but not inherited) by
Murdocks definition.
97 8 Slavery
not present by either definition
2 9 Slavery
not present by either definition, although the societies are largely composed
of former slaves.
1 NA NA
v919. Large Scale Slaveholding Systems: Recency
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
168 0 Not
present
6 1 Present
at or immediate prior to pinpointing date
6 2 Present
within past fifty years
3 3 Present
within past one hundred yesrs
2 4 Present
within past two hundred years
1 5 Present
within past three hundred years
v920. Large Scale Slaveholding Systems: Proportion of Slaves
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
168 0 Not
present
5 1 1/6
to 1/3 of society, sometimes more
6 2 1/3
or more
5 3 more
than 40 percent
1 4 more
than 50 percent
1 5 more
than 80 percent
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Frederic L. Pryor, 1986. The Adoption of Agriculture: Some Theoretical
and Empirical Evidence. American Anthropologist 88:894-897.
v921. Agricultural Potential 1: Sum of Land Slope, Soils, Climate Scales
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=18
Freq Value Description
1 4 Poorest
potential
1 6 6
5 8 8
1 9 9
2 10 10
7 11 11
8 12 12
5 13 13
14 14 14
10 15 15
16 16 16
24 17 17
25 18 18
29 19 19
24 20 20
7 21 21
5 22 22
2 23 Richest
potential
v922. Land Slope { Food and Agricultural Organization/Unesco. 1971-78. Soil
Maps of the World. Unesco. [adjusted in Some Cases by Information Drawn from
the Ethnographies] }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
29 4 Steeply
dissected
15 5 5
36 6 Rolling
to hilly (8 pct to 30 pct slope)
30 7 7
76 8 Level
to gently undulating (0 to 8 pct slope)
v923. Data Quality: Inferences (Land Slope V922)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
169 0 Good
data
17 1 Inferential
v924. Suitability of Soils for Agriculture { Food and Agricultural
Organization/Unesco. 1971-78. Soil Maps of the World. Unesco. [qualitative
Estimates from Soil Type Discussions] }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
4 0 Very
Poor
30 2 Poor
3 3 3
99 4 Fair
11 5 5
30 6 Good
1 7 7
8 8 Very
good
v925. Data Quality: Inferences (Soils V924)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
180 0 Good
data
6 1 Inferential
v926. Climate Potential for Most Suitable Types of Crops { Papadakis, J. 1966.
Climates of the World and their Agricultural Potential. Buenos Aires. [used to
determine one of 73 climate types for each society] and Papadakis, J. 1970.
Agricultural Potentialities of World Climates. Buenos Aires. [used to classify
potentiality of climate type for different types of crops. Crops were divided
into five classes: winter cereals, mid-season crops (sugar, beets, potatoes),
other summer crops (cotton, peanuts, cassava), tree crops (bananas, coconuts),
and summer cereals. For each a numerical climate rating was taken; the ratings for
the two most favorable crop classes were averaged. Since some of these climate
ratings assumed the presence of irrigation the ratings were adjusted as
follows: (a) if rain index is 2 or less, subtract 5; (b) if rain index 3 or 4,
subtract 3; (c) if rain index is above 4 but both leading crops require
irrigation, subtract 3; (d) if rain index above 4 but one leading crop requires
irrigation, subtract 1 ] }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
13 0 Non
applicable, too cold for agriculture
14 3 Poor-Fair
8 4 Fair
21 5 Fair-Good
4 6 Good
47 7 Good-Very
Good
79 8 Very
good
v927. Data Quality: Inferences (Climate V926)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=2
Freq Value Description
182 0 Good
data
4 1 Inferential
v928. Agricultural Potential 2: Lowest of Land Slope, Soils, Climate
Scales
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
13 0 Lowest
27 2 Low
14 3 Medium-Low
92 4 Medium
16 5 Medium-High
17 6 High
3 7 High-Very
High
4 8 Very
High
v929. Average Annual Rainfall { World Meteorological Organization. 1971.
Climatological Norms (CLINO) for Climate and Climate Ship Stations for the
period 1931-1960. Geneva. [corresponding to the weather station closed to the
village or society] }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
4 0 0mm
< rainfall < 20 mm
2 1 20mm
< rainfall < 50 mm
14 2 50mm
< rainfall < 100 mm
17 3 100mm
< rainfall < 200 mm
1 4 200mm
< rainfall < 400 mm
25 5 400mm
< rainfall < 600 mm
13 7 800mm
< rainfall < 1000 mm
95 8 1000mm
< rainfall
15 NA NA
v930. Data Quality: Inferences (Rainfall V929)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
184 0 Good
data
2 1 Inferential
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Suzanne G. Frayser. 1985. Varieties of Sexual Experience. HRAF
Press.
Note: In this dataset, 0's for some information, but insufficient to code are
not as yet distinguished from .'s for no information or not coded. For several
of the codes [931, 932, 941, 951, 958, 969, 975, 978, 979] the original source
should be consulted as these are originally rankings of multiple factors and
only the highest ranked item is coded here.
v931. Female Physical Appearance during the Daily Routine (Not Temporary
Occasions Such as Ceremonial Gatherings) { Ranked According to the Severity of
Physical Modification Involved }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=61; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
15 1 The
amount, style, color, or material of the garment worn
5 2 Paraphernalia,
e.g., belts, footwear, headgear and other accessories to the main garment,
exclusive of jewelry
18 3 The
amount, style, or placement of jewelry
7 4 The
style, length, or color of head hair
5 6 The
use of cosmetics, i.e., preparations applied to specific parts of the body to
enhance their attractiveness, e.g., facial makeup, body scents, body oils, body
paints, tooth blackeners
1 7 The
removal of body hair, exclusive of head hair coded under 4, e.g., the removal
of facial, axillary, or pubic hair
10 8 The
deformation or mutilization of the body, exclusive of the genitals, i.e., a
change in the form or the removal of a material part of the body, e.g.,
tattooing, cicatrization, cranial deformation, ear piercing
125 NA NA
v932. Male Physical Appearance during the Daily Routine (Not Temporary
Occasions Such as Ceremonial Gatherings) { Ranked According to the Severity of
Physical Modification Involved }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=59; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
18 1 The
amount, style, color, or material of the garment worn
7 2 Paraphernalia,
e.g., belts, footwear, headgear and other accessories to the main garment,
exclusive of jewelry
2 3 The
amount, style, or placement of jewelry
9 4 The
style, length, or color of head hair
8 5 The
growth of facial hair, e.g., moustaches and beards
3 6 The
use of cosmetics, i.e., preparations applied to specific parts of the body to
enhance their attractiveness, e.g., facial makeup, body scents, body oils, body
paints, tooth blackeners
3 7 The
removal of body hair, exclusive of head hair coded under 4, e.g., the removal
of facial, axillary, or pubic hair
8 8 The
deformation or mutilization of the body, exclusive of the genitals, i.e., a
change in the form or the removal of a material part of the body, e.g.,
tattooing, cicatrization, cranial deformation, ear piercing
1 9 The
deformation or mutiliation of the genitals, e.g., clitoridectomy, circumcision,
sewing the labia together
127 NA NA
v933. Sleeping Arrangements of Adolescent Females: Where Unmarried but Sexually
Mature Females Sleep in Relation to Sexually Mature Males in the Living
Quarters { Ranked According to the Degree of Segregation of Female from Male
Adolescents }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
2 1 Girls
marry before or very soon after puberty and live in the dwelling of their
prospective husband
15 2 Girls
sleep in the same dwelling as their parents and sibs No special section
reported for them
5 3 Girls
sleep in the same dwelling as their parents but in a particular section or
partitioned area for them and/or their female siblings
2 4 Girls
sleep in the same dwelling as their parents but in a particular section for
their mothers and female children Males sleep in a separate section
5 5 Girls
sleep in the same dwelling as their parents with no partition reported, but the
adolescent males sleep in a separate section
12 6 Girls
sleep in the same dwelling as their parents with no partition reported, but the
adolescent males sleep in a mens house or somewhere other than the natal
dwelling
5 7 Girls
sleep in the same dwelling as their parents. There is a special or partitioned
area for them. The adolescent males sleep elsewhere
4 8 Girls
sleep in the same dwelling as their mother, but adolescent and other mature
males sleep elsewhere
7 9 Girls
sleep in their own hut or separate dwelling for adolescent girls. Adolescent
boys sleep in a mens house or some dwelling other than the one in which their
parents reside
129 NA NA
v934. Married Women: Where Spouses Sleep in the Living Quarters { Ranked
According to the Degree of Spatial Separation between the Spouses during Sleep
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=60; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
17 1 W
(wife) sleeps with her H (husband) in their own dwelling No rooms or partitions
between them are specified
11 2 W
sleeps with her H in a dwelling that contains more than one conjugal family. No
partitioned area reported for them
13 3 W
sleeps with her H in a partitioned area in dwelling that contains more than one
conjugal family
3 4 W
sleeps with her H in her dwelling, but he has a dwelling of his own or spends
most of his time in the mens house or elsewhere, e.g., with another wife
5 5 W
sleeps with her H in her own room or section of the dwelling, separate from the
section of her H
11 6 W
sleeps in her dwelling, and her H sleeps in his dwelling or in a mens house
except for the times when intercourse is desired
126 NA NA
v935. Eating Arrangements: the Spatial Arrangement of the Sexes during the Main
Meal of the Day { Exclusive of Arrangements Operative during Ceremonies or When
Guests Are Present. Ranked According to the Degree of Segregation between Males
and Females during the Meal. }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=47; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
14 1 Men
and women eat together. No particular arrangement is specified for the
sexes
4 2 Men
and women eat together. There is a strict positioning of them in the eating
area, e.g., positioning according to kinship
12 3 Men
and women do not eat together in public but certain kin may eat together in
private, e.g., husband and wife
12 4 Men
and women do not eat together and eat in different areas
5 5 Men
and women do not eat together; the separation is accomplished by their eating
at different times
139 NA NA
v936. Individual Ordeal Involved at the Onset of the Menses. the Categories Are
Arranged According to the Severity of the Ordeal
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=47; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
14 1 There
is no ordeal reported although there may be a change in physical appearance,
living arrangements, or name
14 2 Three
is a slight ordeal involved, e.g., a very short or relaxed period of seclusion,
a few minor eating taboos, etc
7 3 There
is a moderate ordeal involved, e.g., a strict period of seclusion, restaints on
movement, numerous eating taboos, etc
12 4 There
is a severe ordeal involved, e.g., a painful physical operation such as
clitoridectomy, a lengthy seclusion with numerous taboos on movement, eating
and social contacts, etc
139 NA NA
v937. Social Celebration Involved at the Onset of the Menses { Arranged
According to the Amount of Celebration and the Extent of Participation in It.
If There Are Differences According to Class Level, Code According to the
Celebrations for the Average Individual }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=46; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
26 1 There
is no celebration of any kind
5 2 There
is a small celebration, e.g., the family group has a party
11 3 There
is a moderate celebration, e.g., family, friends, and/or small kin group have a
feast, dance, give gifts
4 4 There
is an elaborate celebration, e.g., the community, a large kin group, or other
large social grouping celebrate or a smaller group has a celebration for an
extended period of time
140 NA NA
v938. The Social Signficance of Change in a Woman's Position with the Onset of
Menstruation. the Categories Are { Ranked According to the Degree of Emphasis
Placed on Her Ability to Bear Children }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
3 1 It
is not thought to be especially significant beyond a change in dress, name,
etc
7 2 Its
main significance is that she is an adult who has more social
responsibilities
6 3 The
main significance is that she is now capable of having intercourse, wehther or
not she actually engages in it
4 4 Its
main significance is that she is eligible for marriage and can engage in intercourse
11 5 Its
main significance is that she is eligible for marriage
4 6 Its
main significance is that she is eligible for marriage and is an adult
3 7 Its
main significance is that she is eligible for marriage and is capable of
bearing children
3 8 Its
main significance is that she is capable of bearing children
145 NA NA
v939. Personal Restrictions or Regular Menstruation { Ranked According to the
Degree to Which the Woman Is Socially Isolated during Her Menses }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
2 1 There
is no restriction placed on her during this period, and she carries on her
activities as usual
5 2 There
are restrictions placed on her personal activities but not on her social contacts,
e.g., cooking taboos, eating taboos, taboos on what she may touch
4 3 There
are restrictions placed on her personal movements and social contacts, e.g.,
she must remain in her dwelling or in a certain area of the settlements, she
should avoid certain people
10 4 There
are few restrictions placed on her personal activities and social
contacts
10 5 There
are moderate restrictions placed on her movements and her personal activities,
e.g., she is in a partitioned area of the dwelling, she may not cook, she may
see only certain people, she cannot engage in her usual economic activities,
relaxed seclusion
8 6 There
are severe restrictions imposed on her movements and personal activities, e.g.,
she is isolated in a menstrual hut, she may see few if any people, she may not
cook, she may not feed herself
147 NA NA
v940. Social Danger: Which Person (S) Would Be Most Harmed If the Woman Did Not
Adhere to Her Menstrual Restrictions { Ranked According to How Large a Group Is
Thought to Be Endangered by the Woman's Actions. If More than One Category Is
Involved, Code the Most Important Danger First, the Second Most Important One,
Second }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=30; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
4 1 No
one is thought to be endangered during this period
5 2 Only
the menstruating woman is endangered
4 4 The
woman endangers men. If both 3 & 4, code as 4
1 5 The
woman endangers other women and/or children, e.g., the fertility of other
women, newborn children
6 6 The
woman endangers anyone with whom she comes in contact
10 7 The
woman endangers her social group, e.g., the fertility of the crops, the
response of the supernatural to them, harm to an important social
functionary
156 NA NA
v941. Personal Restrictions on Pregnancy { Ranked According to the Degree of
Segregation from Social Contacts That Is Involved }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
7 0 Some
information, but insufficient to code
3 1 No
modification is reported
2 2 She
modifies the usual garments she wears and/or the usual care of her body, e.g.,
she wears more loosefitting garments, wears amulets to ward off evil spirits,
pays special attention to cleanliness, etc
11 3 She
modifies the use of her sensory apparatus, e.g., she avoids hearing, seeing, or
touching certain things
17 4 She
modifies her diet, e.g., she avoids eating certain foods
5 5 She
modifies her usual domestic or economic duties, e.g., she does not cook she has
someone else care for the children
4 6 She
modifies her suaul mobility, e.g., she should not leave the settlement, she
avoids certain places
2 7 Her
usual social relations and/or living arrangements are modifies, e.g., she may
not sleep where she usually does, she cannot be near certain people, she must
not behave in the usual manner
1 8 She
modifies her participation in social groups and activities, e.g., religious
events
134 NA NA
v942. Purpose of Pregnancy Restrictions: { Ranked According to the
Extensiveness of the Social Harm That May Result from a Woman Not Modifying Her
Behavior along the Expected Lines. the Code Should Indicate Which Person (S)
the Restrictions Are Most Concerned with Protecting }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
13 1 They
are to prevent harm to the baby
4 2 They
are to prevent harm to the mother, e.g, illness, difficult delivery
21 3 They
are to prevent harm to the baby and the mother, e.g., miscarriage, attacks from
the spirits, etc
2 4 They
are to prevent harm to anyone with whom she comes in contact and/or the social
group of which she is a part, e.g., to prevent failure of the crops, to prevent
an epidemic
146 NA NA
v943. Special Segregation at Birth: Location of the Woman When She Gives Birth:
Where the Birth of the First Child Takes Place { Ranked According to the Degree
of Segregation in or from Her Ordinary Dwelling When the Woman Gives Birth
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=47; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
1 1 No
special place is prepared for the birth of the child; the woman gives birth
wherever she happens to be
10 2 The
woman gives birth in the dwelling where she usually resides, but no special
partitions are set up
11 3 The
woman gives birth in the dwelling where she usually resides but in a
partitioned or otherwise demarcated area or room
2 4 The
woman gives birth in an area near the dwelling where she usually resides, e.g.,
under the dwelling, in a lean-to near the dwelling
4 5 The
woman does not give birth in a special dwelling but in a place outside of the
area where most social activity occurs, e.g., on the fringes or outside of the
dwelling area
11 6 The
woman gives birth in a structure explicitly constructed for the purpose, e.g.,
a birth hut
1 7 The
woman does not give birth in her usual residence but in the dwelling of an
affinal relative
7 8 The
woman does not give birth in her usual residence but in the dwelling of a
consanguineal relative
139 NA NA
v944. Residence of the New Parents at the Birth of Their First Child
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=56; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
15 1 Temporary
matrilocality
11 2 Permanent
matrilocality
2 3 Ambilocality
4 4 Neolocality
24 5 Patrilocality
130 NA NA
v945. Purpose of Personal Birth Restrictions. Each Category Indicates Why the
Taboos and Restrictions on a Woman's Personal Behavior Are Imposed after She
Bears a Child { Ranked According to the Degree That the Restrictions Affect
Other People }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=38; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
13 1 Restrictions
are imposed on her to promote the well-being of her child, e.g., she is cared
for so that she can produce milk for the baby
4 2 Restrictions
are imposed on her to prevent harm to her and/or to promote her well-being,
e.g., other people prepare and bring her food, she does not work, she is
indulged
14 3 Restrictions
are imposed to prevent harm to her and her baby
7 4 Restrictions
are imposed on her to prevent harm to those with whom she comes in contact
and/or to prevent harm to her social group
148 NA NA
v946. Duration of Personal Birth Restrictions. Each Category Specifies a Period
of Time after Birth before the Woman Resumes Her Usual Domestic and Economic
Activities
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=55; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
5 0 Some
information, but insufficient to code
21 1 0-7
days
14 2 8-14
days
6 3 15-30
days
6 4 31-60
days
3 5 more
than two months
131 NA NA
Celebration of birth: The degree of social concern with the birth of a child as
indicated by the amount of celebration after the birth and the extent of social
participation in it. The codes apply to the largest social class and exclude
such particular occasions as the celebratino of multiple births or the birth of
an heir to a king. Coded for the first born if there is a difference in
treatment for different births. Coded for the desired sex if there is a
difference for males and females
v947. Type of Birth Celebration
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=54; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
4 1 There
is no celebratin for the mother or child after birth
5 2 There
is no celebration after birth, but people do come to visit, offer
congratulations, etc
21 3 There
is a minor celebration after the birth, e.g, a small meal, a few drinks,
etc
9 4 There
is a moderate amount of celebration after the birth, e.g., a feast,
dancing
15 5 There
is an elaborate celebration after the birth, e.g., elaborate feasting, dancing,
many rites performed
132 NA NA
v948. When the Birth Celebration Occurs
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=47; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
4 0 Some
information, but insufficient to code
20 1 Immediately
or a few days after delivery
1 2 After
the mother comes out of confinement
14 3 When
the baby is named or baptized
5 4 When
the baby and mother come out of confinement
3 5 Other
139 NA NA
v949. Participants in the Birth Celebration. the Code Indicates the Most
Extensive Group Which Participates in the Celebration of Birth { Ranked
According to the Extensiveness of the Group }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=36; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
5 1 No
one is involved in a celebration
1 2 The
husbands family
7 3 Friends
and neighbors
1 4 The
wifes kin unit
8 5 Friends
of the H and W and relatives
6 6 The
wifes and husbands kin units or relatives of a group more extensive than the
family
8 7 The
community or large social, group to which the H and W belong
150 NA NA
Children. This section deals with the ways in which childbearing is socially
encouraged or curtailed
v950. Preferred Sex and Number of Children
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=47; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
1 1 They
want very few children, regardless of sex
19 2 They
prefer to have males rather than females, regardless of sex
7 3 They
prefer to have females rather than males, regardless of number
7 4 Either
sex is acceptable, e.g., the father wants a boy, the mother wants a girl, or
they dont care as long as the child is healthy
13 5 They
prefer a large number of children, regardless of their sex
139 NA NA
v951. Explanation of Barrenness { Ranked According to the Degree to Which the
Woman Is Blamed for Her Barrenness }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=30; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
6 2 Barrenness
is regarded as an unfortunate physical condition that has befallen a woman
through no fault of her own
7 3 Barrenness
is regarded as the fault of others who bear malice towards the woman, e.g.,
witches
7 4 Barrenness
is regarded as the fault of others who break taboos that have ramifications for
her fertility
7 5 Barrenness
is regarded as the fault of supernatural forces or supernatural beings who are
generally malevolent
1 6 Barrenness
is regarded as the fault of the woman who is being punished for committing some
offense which is not sexual in nature
2 7 Barrenness
is regarded as punishment to a woman who has committed some sexual offense,
e.g., adultery, incest
156 NA NA
v952. Penalties for Barrenness { Ranked According to the Severity of the
Penalty the Woman Incurs If She Is Barren }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
1 1 No
penalties are reported
13 2 Remedies
are actively sought to correct the condition, e.g., amulets, potions,
ceremonies
12 3 Provision
is made for a child by adoption for fosterage
7 4 Provision
is made for a child by the husband taking an additional wife to bear children
or by the wife getting another woman to bear children for her husband
15 5 The
womans husband can or does divorce her
4 6 The
woman is ostracized because she has no children, e.g., jokes are made about
her. She is given a subsidiary role in domestic tasks
134 NA NA
v953. Contraception: Knowledge and Use of Means to Prevent the Conception of
Children { Ranked According to the Degree to Which the Responsibility for Contraception
Devolves upon the Woman }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
9 1 No
contraception is known about or used
3 2 Contraception
is present, but there is no information on the method
1 3 There
is a rudimentary form of contraception, e.g., abstention when the woman is
thought most likely to conceive, coitus interruptus
12 4 Contraception
is present by implication, e.g., a long post-partum sex taboos or abstention
while nursing
4 5 There
is a long post-partum sex taboos and rudimentary contraception
3 6 There
is a long post-partum sex taboos and the woman practices some intentional form
of contraception
9 7 The
woman is primarily responsible for contraception, e.g., she has knowledge of
rites she can perform to prevent offspring or she has knowledge of rites she
can perform to prevent offspring or she swallows a drug
145 NA NA
v954. Social Approval for Abortion: Approval of and Rationale for Action Taken
to Prevent the Birth of a Child by Expelling the Fetus before It Is Viable {
Ranked According to the Amount of Social Disapproval towards Abortion }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=47; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
17 1 Abortions
occur, but there is no information on frequency
12 2 Abortions
are permitted and occur frequently
9 4 Abortions
are disapproved of but do occur. If they are infrequent and there is no
information on approval, code in this category
9 5 Abortions
are strongly disapproved of and occur rarely or never
139 NA NA
v955. Rationale for Abortions { Ranked According to the Degree to Which Social
Rather than Personal Considerations Lead to the Abortion. If There Is More than
One Reason, Indicate the Most Frequent Reason First on the Code Sheet, Second,
etc. up to Four Important Reasons. }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=34; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
8 1 No
abortions
6 2 Concern
for the psychological or pgysical state of the mother, e.g., she does not want
more children, she is concerned about her beauty, or she does not want to lose
her husband
3 3 Revenge,
e.g., the woman is angry with her husband
3 4 Concern
for the childs welfare, e.g., the mother is nursing another which would leave
no milk for another, or the couple cannot afford more children
9 5 The
child was conceived out of wedlock
4 6 The
child was conceived in an illicit sexual relationship, e.g., adulterous,
incestuous, or with a man of the wrong social class or ethnic group
1 7 Other
152 NA NA
Infanticide. This part deals with the approval of and rationale for killing an
infant after he is born
v956. Social Approval for Infanticide { Ranked According to the Amount of
Social Disapproval Incurred If Infanticide Occurs }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
19 1 Infanticide
occurs, but there is no information on frequency
3 2 Infanticide
is permitted and occurs frequently
4 3 Infanticide
is permitted and occurs infrequently
5 4 Infanticide
is disapproved of but does occur. If it occurs, and there is no information on
approval, code here
10 5 Infanticide
is disapproved and does not occur
145 NA NA
v957. Rationale for Infanticide. Each Category Indicates a Reason for Which an
Infant Might Be Killed { Ranked According to the Degree to Which Social Rather
than Personal Reasons Lead to the Infanticide }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
8 1 No
infanticide
4 2 The
mothers welfare, e.g., she does not want more children, she is afraid of losing
her charms, etc
1 3 Revenge,
e.g., due to argument with husband
2 4 Concern
for the childs welfare, e.g., the couple cannot support more children or there
is ni one to suckle the child
7 5 The
child was born in an unusual position, exhibited some unusual behavior or
physical trait at birth, or was deformed, e.g., hair was already present on the
child, or the child was born feet first
8 6 The
child was one of a multiple birth
2 7 The
child was a female
6 8 The
child was born of an illicit sexual relationship, i.e., premarital, adulterous,
or incestuous
1 9 Other
147 NA NA
III. Sexual Relations and their Social Context. This section deals with sexual
relations from two perspectives. The first focuses on intercourse and the
restrictions that are placed on it. The second focuses on marriage as the most
common context within which intercourse and childbearing occur
v958. Restrictions on the Occasion of Intercourse. Each Category Specifies an
Occasion When Intercourse Is Proscribed or Strongly Preferred Not to Take Place
{ Ranked According to the Degree to Which the Occasion for Intercourse Is Tied
to a Social Rather than N Individual State or Activity }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=56; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
2 1 It
cannot occur during menstruation
16 2 It
cannot occur for some period after childbirth whether because of nursing or a
postpartum sex taboo and/or during pregnancy
12 3 It
cannot occur during mensturation and after childbirth and/or during
pregnancy
3 4 It
cannot occur before, during, or after life cycle events, e.g., after the death
of a spouse or at initiation
3 6 It
cannot occur before, during, and/or after a military expedition
11 7 It
cannot occur before, during and/or after a major economic activity and/or a
manufacturing operation
6 8 It
cannot occur before, during and/or after a ritual program of some sort, e.g.,
days of abstinence of power seeking
3 9 It
cannot occur before, during and/or after non-life cycle ceremonial events,
e.g., harvest festivals
130 NA NA
v959. Extensions of the Incest Taboo. Each Category Specifies an Extension of
the Incest Taboo beyond the Nuclear Family { Ranked According to the Degree to
Which the Emphasis Is on Nonkinship Considerations. the Coding Should Indicate
the Focus of the Strongest Extension of the Incest Taboo }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=42; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
5 1 No
extension beyond the nuclear family is reported. Note in the comments if the
strongest prohibition in the family is Br-Si, Mo-So, or Fa-Dau
2 2 Bilateral
extensions by cross or parallel cousins
17 3 Bilateral
extension by degree of cousinage from ego
1 4 Other
9 5 Matrilineal
extensions, with or without other bilateral extensions
7 6 Patrilineal
extensions, with or without other bilateral extensions
1 7 Extensions
based on nonkinship considerations, e.g., ritual bonds, household composition,
locality, or social class
144 NA NA
v960. Violation of the Incest Taboo { Ranked According to the Extent of the
Consequences of Violating the Incest Taboo }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=29; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
8 1 None
or mild punishment, e.g., ostracism or a fine
3 2 Moderate
punishment, e.g., offenders meet with misfortune such as sickness or bad
luck
9 3 Severe
punishment, e.g., death, barrenness, or expulsion from the community
5 4 Punishment
to others than the offenders, e.g., their family or kin group
1 5 Punishment
to the total social group, e.g., an epidemic or crop failure in the
community
3 6 Punishment
that affects the offenders as well as their social group, i.e., category `2` or
`3` in combination with `5` category
157 NA NA
v961. Restrictions on Premarital Sex { Ranked According to the Degree of
Prohibition against Premarital Sex }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=61; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
17 1 It
is permitted for both sexes
1 2 It
is permitted for both but in limited contexts, e.g., with prostitutes or as
part of a ceremony
9 3 It
is permitted and not punished unless pregnancy results
12 4 It
is permitted for males but no females
9 5 Premarital
relations are disapproved but no infrequent in fact
4 6 Insistence
on virginity for the woman. There is no information on restrictions on the
male
9 7 Premarital
relations are strongly disapproved and rare
125 NA NA
v962. Violation of Restrictions on Premarital Sex. Each Category Specifies the
Consequences a Woman Faces If She Violates a Premarital Sex Prohibition
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=51; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
19 1 Neither
she nor her partner face punishment
13 2 Her
partner is punished, but she is not
4 3 Mild
punishment for the women, e.g., temporary ostracism
8 4 Moderate
punishment for the woman, e.g., marriage is more difficult or physical
punishment
2 5 Severe
punishment, e.g., banishment from her social group, or she is killed
5 6 [Kenuzi,
Gheg, Kurd, Manus, Mbau] - Severe or killed ?
135 NA NA
v963. Restrictions and Extramarital Sex { Ranked According to the Strength of
the Prohibition against Extramarital Sex }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=58; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
3 1 Permitted
for both H and W
11 2 Permitted
for both but only in limited contexts, e.g., with particular relatives of the
spouse, ceremonial license
1 3 Permitted
and not punished unless pregnancy results
15 4 Permitted
for the husband but not for the wife
15 5 Weakly
prohibited, e.g., frequent violations or weak punishment
13 6 Strongly
prohibited, e.g., occurs rarely or severe punishment
128 NA NA
v964. Punishment for Extramarital Sex { Ranked According to the Severity of
Punishment That a Woman Receives If She Commits Adultery }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=54; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
5 1 No
punishment or mild punishment, e.g., a warning or a fine
3 2 Generally
mild punishment, but she can be killed for it
6 3 Moderate
punishment, e.g., a beating or incarceration
14 4 Generally
moderate punishment, but she can be killed or divorced for it
8 5 The
woman is divorced
5 6 She
is generally divorced, but she can be killed for it
8 7 Severe
punishment, e.g., permanent physical damage, but she can be killed or divorced
for it
5 8 The
woman is killed or commits suicide
132 NA NA
v965. Violation: Who Is Punished for Adultery { Ranked According to the Degree
to Which the Woman Is Punished }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=48; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
2 2 Only
the lover is punished
15 3 Both
the woman and her lover are punished, but the lover is punished more severely
than the woman
19 4 Both
the woman and her lover are punished by almost equally severe punishment
6 5 Both
the woman and her lover are punished, but the woman is punished more severely
than her lover
6 6 Only
the woman is punished
138 NA NA
v966. Violation: Who Punishes Adultery { Ranked According to the Degree to
Which Responsibility for Punishment of the Woman Resides with the Social Group
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=55; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
1 0 Some
information, but insufficient to code
2 1 No
punishment for the women
39 2 The
husband punishes his wife and/or her lover, if the wife is not punished
3 4 A
representative of the family or kin group of the wife punishes her
8 5 The
community as a whole or its representative punishes her
2 6 Supernatural
consequences fall upon the woman, e.g., mystical retribution or punishment by
the ancestral gods
131 NA NA
Marriage. This part focuses on the establishment, characteristics, and
dissolution of marriage, the most prominent form of legitimate sexual relationship
and context for the birth of children
v967. Age of Woman at Establishment of Marriage: First Marriage
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=45; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
2 1 Under
12 years
18 2 12-15
years (if the source says that boys or girls marry at puberty, code it
here)
11 3 16-17
years
10 4 18-21
years
3 5 22-25
years
1 6 26
years and older
141 NA NA
v968. Age of Man at Establishment of Marriage: First Marriage
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=42; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
4 2 12-15
years (if the source says that boys or girls marry at puberty, code it
here)
7 3 16-17
years
15 4 18-21
years
6 5 22-25
years
10 6 26
years and older
144 NA NA
v969. Choice of Spouse: Social Restrictions Which Limit an Individual's Choice
of Whom He Can Marry { Ranked According to the Degree That Nonkinship
Considerations Play an Important Role }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=59; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
18 1 Bilateral
considerations, including not marrying a relative
7 2 Bilateral
considerations, specifically cross and parallel cousins
10 3 Kinship
of a matrilineal or matrilateral nature
16 4 Kinship
of a patrilineal or patrilateral nature
2 5 Locality
where the potential spouse lives
1 7 The
age or generation of the potential spouse
5 8 The
status of the potential spouse
127 NA NA
Agreement to marry. This deals with the extent to which marriage is a
transaction between social groups rather than the couple
v970. Marriage Proposal: besides the Groom, Whose Proposal Is Regarded as Most
Necessary in Initiating Marriage { Ranked According to How Extensive a Group Is
Involved in Initiating Marriage }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=58; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
6 1 The
brides family or a relative of the bride
30 2 The
brides and grooms families
2 3 The
grooms kin group and the brides family
20 5 The
kin groups of the bride and groom
128 NA NA
v971. Consent to Marry: How Necessary Is the Consent of the Prospective Wife
for Marriage Arrangements to Proceed
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
19 1 Propective
spouses consent is necessary, i.e., the marriage cannot take place without
it
22 2 The
prospective spouse is consulted
16 3 The
prospective spouse is not consulted
129 NA NA
v972. Consent to Marry: How Necessary Is the Consent of the Prospective Husband
for Marriage Arrangements to Proceed
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=54; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
23 1 Propective
spouses consent is necessary, i.e., the marriage cannot take place without
it
22 2 The
prospective spouse is consulted
9 3 The
prospective spouse is not consulted
132 NA NA
v973. Degree of Marriage Celebration
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
4 1 There
is no celebration
16 2 There
is a small celebration, e.g., a minor acknowledgement or exchange of
gifts
15 3 There
is a moderate celebration, e.g., a feast, dancing, dramatic performances, or
extensive gift exchange
22 4 There
is an elaborate celebration, e.g., it lasts a long period of time, is
characterized by lavish dress, has elaborate performances, etc
129 NA NA
v974. Type of Participants in the Wedding { Ranked According to How Extensive
the Group Is }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=50; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
2 1 Friends
of the couple
4 2 The
family of the bride or the groom
4 3 The
kin group of the bride or groom
9 4 The
families of the bride and groom
19 5 The
kin groups or relatives of the bride and groom
12 7 The
community
136 NA NA
v975. The Rights Transferred by Women at Marriage
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=50; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
9 1 Rights
concerning priority of sexual access
10 2 Rights
concerning offspring
6 3 Rights
concerning choice of residence
8 4 Rights
concerning domestic services
12 5 Rights
concerning economic labor
5 6 Rights
concerning choice of residence and economic labor
136 NA NA
v976. The Rights Transferred by Men at Marriage
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=37; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
1 1 Rights
concerning priority of sexual access
2 2 Rights
concerning offspring
1 3 Rights
concerning choice of residence
22 5 Rights
concerning economic labor
11 6 Rights
concerning choice of residence and economic labor
149 NA NA
v977. Finality: Factors That Are Important for the Firm Establishment of a
Marriage { Ranked According to the Degree to Which Its Establishment Depends on
the Groom. the Code Reflects the Most Important Obligation That Must Be Met
before the Marriage Is Considered Final }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=45; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
18 1 After
children or children of the appropriate sex are born
2 2 After
cohabitation and the birth of children
4 3 After
cohabitation
6 4 After
children are born and after bride price is paid
5 5 After
a marriage ceremony
10 6 After
bride-price has been paid
141 NA NA
v978. Grounds for Divorce: Wife's Reasons given for Dissolving a Marriage
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=48; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
5 1 There
is no divorce
3 2 Reproductive
problems, e.g., barrenness or impotence
5 3 Illicit
sexual relationship, e.g., adultery
7 4 Physical
violence, e.g., beatings
11 5 Incompatibility
1 6 Desertion
or extreme neglect
2 7 Incompatibility
with affines
9 8 Failure
in economic or domestic duties, e.g., laziness, poor provider or nonpayment of
marriage payments
5 9 None
or trivial grounds, e.g., another woman or man is more desirable or he or she
does not like his or her current spouse
138 NA NA
v979. Grounds for Divorce: Husband's Reasons given for Dissolving a
Marriage
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=56; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
4 1 There
is no divorce
16 2 Reproductive
problems, e.g., barrenness or impotence
9 3 Illicit
sexual relationship, e.g., adultery
12 5 Incompatibility
3 6 Desertion
or extreme neglect
1 7 Incompatibility
with affines
8 8 Failure
in economic or domestic duties, e.g., laziness, poor provider or nonpayment of
marriage payments
3 9 None
or trivial grounds, e.g., another woman or man is more desirable or he or she
does not like his or her current spouse
130 NA NA
v980. Restrictions on Divorce { Ranked According to the Difficulty a Woman Has
in Obtaining a Divorce }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=45; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
17 1 Divorce
is allowed for both the H and W
6 2 Divorce
is more difficult for a man to obtain. There is a prohibition against his
obtaining one or a low frequency of men who obtain a divorce
8 3 Divorce
is difficult and/or has a low frequency for both men and women
14 4 Divorce
is more difficult for the wife to obtain. There is a prohibition against her
obtaining one or a low frequency of wives obtaining a divorce
141 NA NA
v981. Rights over Offspring after Divorce { Ranked According to the Degree to
Which the Husband Retains Custody over the Children after a Divorce }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=45; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
4 1 No
divorce
8 2 The
wife keeps all of the children
11 3 Who
has custody of the children depends on the age and/or wishes of the children,
e.g., the mother may take the infants
6 4 Each
spouse has custody of some of the children, e.g., the wife keeps the girls and
the husband the boys
7 5 Custody
of the children depends on the circumstances of the divorce
9 6 The
husband has custody of all of the children
141 NA NA
v982. Remarriage after Divorce { Ranked According to How Difficult It Is to
Remarry after a Divorce }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
29 1 Both
the H and W may remarry
7 2 Both
the H and W may remarry, but it is easier for the H
1 3 It
is difficult for both the H and W to remarry after divorce
4 4 No
divorce
145 NA NA
v983. Property Exchanges after Divorce. Ranked in Order of the Amount of
Financial Loss Incurred by the Wife When a Divorce Occurs
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=43; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
4 1 There
is no divorce
8 2 No
financial transactions occur after a divorce, or there is an equal division of
property
6 3 The
H or his kin pay compensation
16 4 The
transactions that occur depend on the circumstances of the divorce
9 6 The
wife and/or her kin group pay compensation, e.g., return brideprice
143 NA NA
v984. Remarriage of Widows { The Categories Are Ranked in Order of the Degree
of Restriction a Woman Faces to Remarry after Her Husband's Death }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
14 1 She
may marry anyone she chooses
7 2 She
may remarry but often chooses not to, e.g., she would suffer financial loss or
her children can care for her
20 4 She
may remarry, but first priority is given to marrying a specific relative of her
husbands or someone chosen by her husbands kin group, e.g., levirate
13 5 She
must marry a specific relative of the husbands or someone chosen by her
husbands kin group or not remarry
3 6 She
may not remarry
129 NA NA
v985. Length of Time before a Widow Remarries
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=35; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
5 0 Some
information, but insufficient to code
9 1 0-6
months
5 2 6
months to less than a year
10 3 1
year to less than 2 years
4 4 More
than two years
1 5 No
remarriage
1 6 Undefined
[coded for Mbau Fijians]
151 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Ronald P. Rohner and Evelyn C. Rohner, 1982, Behavior Science
Research
v986. Importance of Mothers for Boys
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=13; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
4 6 Frequently
the major caretaker
9 8 Almost
always the major caretaker
173 NA NA
v987. Importance of Mothers for Girls
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=26; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
2 6 Frequently
the major caretaker
1 7 Very
Frequent ?
23 8 Almost
always the major caretaker
160 NA NA
v988. Importance of Mothers for Both Boys and Girls, without Regard to
Gender
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=124; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
5 2 Rarely
the major caretaker
2 4 Sometimes
the major caretaker
3 5 Often
?
18 6 Frequently
the major caretaker
8 7 Very
Frequent ?
88 8 Almost
always the major caretaker
62 NA NA
v989. Importance of Fathers for Boys
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=20; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
1 2 Rarely
the major caretaker
1 4 Sometimes
the major caretaker
5 6 Frequently
the major caretaker
13 8 Almost
always the major caretaker
166 NA NA
v990. Importance of Fathers for Girls
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=9; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
3 2 Rarely
the major caretaker
1 3 Occasional
?
5 6 Frequently
the major caretaker
177 NA NA
v991. Importance of Fathers for Both Boys and Girls, without Regard to
Gender
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=67; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
19 2 Rarely
the major caretaker
2 3 Occasional
?
13 4 Sometimes
the major caretaker
7 5 Often
?
17 6 Frequently
the major caretaker
2 7 Very
Frequent ?
7 8 Almost
always the major caretaker
119 NA NA
v992. Importance of Others for Boys
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=7; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
3 4 Sometimes
the major caretaker
2 6 Frequently
the major caretaker
2 8 Almost
always the major caretaker
179 NA NA
v993. Identification of Others for Boys
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=7; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
2 2 Elders
in community (often elder males for boys, elder females for girls)
3 3 Grandparents,
usually grandmother
2 4 Mothers
brother or mothers sister
179 NA NA
v994. Importance of Others for Girls
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=5; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
1 5 Often
?
2 6 Frequently
the major caretaker
2 8 Almost
always the major caretaker
181 NA NA
v995. Identification of Others for Girls
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=5; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
1 1 Adults
in household or community (other than parents)
1 2 Elders
in community (often elder males for boys, elder females for girls)
2 3 Grandparents,
usually grandmother
1 6 Siblings
(usually older sisters)
181 NA NA
v996. Importance of Siblings (Usually Older Sisters) for Both Boys and Girls,
without Regard to Gender
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=49; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
1 2 Rarely
the major caretaker
13 4 Sometimes
the major caretaker
6 5 Often
?
11 6 Frequently
the major caretaker
7 7 Very
Frequent ?
11 8 Almost
always the major caretaker
137 NA NA
v997. Importance of Grandparents (Usually Grandmothers) for Both Boys and
Girls, without Regard to Gender
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=23; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
3 4 Sometimes
the major caretaker
1 5 Often
?
11 6 Frequently
the major caretaker
2 7 Very
Frequent ?
6 8 Almost
always the major caretaker
163 NA NA
v998. Importance of Others for Both Boys and Girls, without Regard to
Gender
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=26; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
2 2 Rarely
the major caretaker
1 3 Occasional
?
8 4 Sometimes
the major caretaker
9 6 Frequently
the major caretaker
2 7 Very
Frequent ?
4 8 Almost
always the major caretaker
160 NA NA
v999. Identification of Others for Boys and Girls, without Regard to
Gender
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=26; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
10 1 Adults
in household or community (other than parents)
4 2 Elders
in community (often elder males for boys, elder females for girls)
8 4 Mothers
brother or mothers sister
4 5 Peers,
age-mates, older youths, but not siblings
160 NA NA
v1000. Enculturative Continuity for Boys
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
1 2 Discontinuity,
fundamental
18 4 Discontinuity,
significant
6 5 both
elements ?
43 6 Significant
continuity (Minor elements only of discontinuity)
14 7 Very
Significant ?
28 8 Fundamental
continuity
76 NA NA
v1001. Incomplete Continuity for Boys: Age
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=11; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
2 2 around
age six
2 3 around
age seven
3 4 around
age eight
1 5 around
age nine
3 6 around
age ten
175 NA NA
v1002. Enculturative Continuity for Girls
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=109; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
1 2 Fundamental
discontinuity
11 4 Significant
discontinuity
5 5 both
elements ?
38 6 Significant
continuity (Minor elements only of discontinuity)
9 7 Very
Significant ?
45 8 Fundamental
continuity
77 NA NA
v1003. Incomplete Continuity for Girls: Age
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=12; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
2 1 around
age five (or slightly younger)
1 2 around
age six
4 3 around
age seven
1 4 around
age eight
1 5 around
age nine
3 6 around
age ten
174 NA NA
v1004. Enculturative Continuity for Both Boys and Girls without Regard for
Gender
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=133; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
2 2 Fundamental
discontinuity
14 4 Significant
discontinuity
7 5 both
elements ?
55 6 Significant
continuity (Minor elements only of discontinuity)
18 7 Very
Significant ?
37 8 Fundamental
continuity
53 NA NA
v1005. Incomplete Continuity for Both Boys and Girls without Regard for Gender:
Age
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=18; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
2 1 around
age five (or slightly younger)
5 2 around
age six
5 3 around
age seven
1 4 around
age eight
2 5 around
age nine
3 6 around
age ten
168 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: unknown
v1006. Classification of World System Position Markets Labor Agricult. Commodities
& Trade Coercion Wage Productn Tax Import/Export
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=11
Freq Value Description
2 3 Semiperip
1 Mediators Slavery Spec.Cash + Weapons /Hier1
2 4 Semiperip
2 Mediators - + Spec.Cash + Weapons /Hier2
2 5 Periphery
1a Export - + Spec.Cash + Tools /Agri
4 6 Periphery
1b Export + - Sharecrop + Tools /Agri
7 7 Periphery
1c Export + - Mixed + Tools /Agri
5 8 Periphery
1d Export - - Mixed - Weap /Agri
12 9 Periphery
2a Traders + or + Incipient - Weap Food/Prized
5 10 Periphery
2c Markets - kind Non-cash - Weap Food/Prized
8 11 Periphery
2b Traders - kind Non-cash - Weap Food/Prized Anomalous: +/-Alcohol/
Utilities/Prized
5 12 Marginal
1 Partners - kind Non-cash - Utilities/None
1 13 Marginal
2 Raiding P-- plunder Non-Cash - None /None
133 NA NA
v1007. Trade and Markets
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
1 1 External
to world economy
4 2 External
Trade Partners (missions, settlers, etc.) not traders
23 3 No
Marketplace, but incoming traders for bulk goods
21 4 Marketplace,
market effects for bulk goods
4 5 Entrepreneurs
& Creditors for other areas; Intermediaries
133 NA NA
v1008. Cropping
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
17 0 No
agriculture or unimportant
7 1 Subsistence
Agriculture only
4 2 Sale
of subsistence crop but unimportant
6 3 Sale
of subsistence crop important
5 4 Specialized
Cash Crops present but unimportant
9 5 Specialized
Cash Crops important ( ) monoculture
5 6 Sharecropping
133 NA NA
v1009. Labor
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
13 1 No
wage or coerced labor
3 2 Coerced
labor - internal ([large scale] slavery, vassals, corvee)
2 3 Coerced
labor - external
10 4 Labor
hired - local service occupations
12 5 Migrant
wage labor (cash) -
9 6 Local
wage labor (cash/kind) - partial (incl. crafts, traps)
3 7 Market
for all types of labor
134 NA NA
v1010. Labor Recoding
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
13 0 No
wage labor, no coerced labor, or
8 1 labor
hired - in kind or local service occupations only
5 2 Internal
coerced labor only - ([modify to: large scale] slavery, vassals, corvee)
4 3 External
coerced labor -
9 4 Sporadic
wage labor (5,6,7 above)
2 5 Divided
or exempted wage labor (5,6,7 above) - see notes
12 6 Important
wage labor (5,6,7 above) - includes sale, craft
133 NA NA
v1011. Tool Categories Imported: (19 17 21 18 9)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
14 0 0
26 1 1
9 2 2
2 3 3
2 4 4
133 NA NA
v1012. Foods/Animals Categories Imported: (13 5 3 4 2)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
23 0 0
11 1 1
10 2 2
7 3 3
1 4 4
1 5 5
133 NA NA
v1013. Consumer Goods Categories Imported: (16 12 10)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
6 0 0
33 1 1
12 2 2
2 3 3
133 NA NA
v1014. Weapons Categories Imported: (20 8)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
21 0 0
23 1 1
9 2 2
133 NA NA
v1015. Hieratic Goods Categories Exported: (10, 1)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
37 0 0
13 1 1
2 2 2
134 NA NA
v1016. Stimulants Categories Exported: (13, 12)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
45 0 0
6 1 1
1 2 2
134 NA NA
v1017. Prized Raw Goods Categories Exported: (4, 6)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=3
Freq Value Description
29 0 0
16 1 1
7 2 2
134 NA NA
v1018. Local Wares Categories Exported: (11, 2, 14)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
30 0 0
18 1 1
3 2 2
1 3 3
134 NA NA
v1019. Consumable Categories Imported (4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 16)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
3 0 0
6 1 1
13 2 2
12 3 3
7 4 4
6 5 5
4 6 6
1 7 7
1 8 8
133 NA NA
v1020. Durable Categories Imported (8 17 18 19 20 21)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
4 0 0
17 1 1
17 2 2
13 3 3
1 4 4
1 6 6
133 NA NA
v1021. Consumable Categories Exported (4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 16)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
3 0 0
21 1 1
12 2 2
9 3 3
4 4 4
3 5 5
134 NA NA
v1022. Durable Categories Exported (8 17 18 19 20 21) [and Manufactured?]
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
49 0 0
3 1 1
134 NA NA
v1023. Throughputs: Total Number of Categories Both Imported and Exported
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
43 0 0
4 1 1
2 2 2
1 3 3
1 4 4
1 7 7
134 NA NA
v1025. Imported Good: Slaves
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
52 0 Absent
1 1 Present
133 NA NA
v1026. Imported Good: Small Animals
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
49 0 Absent
4 1 Present
133 NA NA
v1027. Imported Good: Large Animals
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=2
Freq Value Description
44 0 Absent
9 1 Present
133 NA NA
v1028. Imported Good: Meat/Dairy, Furs, Skins
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
47 0 Absent
6 1 Present
133 NA NA
v1029. Imported Good: Cereal Grains
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
35 0 Absent
18 1 Present
133 NA NA
v1030. Imported Good: Salt, Spices
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
38 0 Absent
15 1 Present
133 NA NA
v1031. Imported Good: Wood, Fuel, Construction Mat
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
44 0 Absent
9 1 Present
133 NA NA
v1032. Imported Good: Ores
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
44 0 Absent
9 1 Present
133 NA NA
v1033. Imported Good: Agricultural Inputs
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
51 0 Absent
2 1 Present
133 NA NA
v1034. Imported Good: Prestige Goods (Ivory, Gold, Etc)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
49 0 Absent
4 1 Present
133 NA NA
v1035. Imported Good: Craft Goods
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
52 0 Absent
1 1 Present
133 NA NA
v1036. Imported Good: Alcohol
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
41 0 Absent
12 1 Present
133 NA NA
v1037. Imported Good: Stimulants (Tobacco, Tea, Coffee)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
29 0 Absent
24 1 Present
133 NA NA
v1038. Imported Good: Pots, Beads, Cooking Utensils, Etc
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
26 0 Absent
27 1 Present
133 NA NA
v1039. Imported Good: Books, Magazines, Newspapers
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
52 0 Absent
1 1 Present
133 NA NA
v1040. Imported Good: Clothing, Cloth, Blankets
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
6 0 Absent
47 1 Present
133 NA NA
v1042. Imported Good: Radios, Lamps, Electricity
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
46 0 Absent
7 1 Present
133 NA NA
v1043. Imported Good: Metal Tools, Traps
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
49 0 Absent
4 1 Present
133 NA NA
v1044. Imported Good: Weapons, Ammunition
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
14 0 Absent
39 1 Present
133 NA NA
v1045. Imported Good: Tractors, Pumps, Machines
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
21 0 Absent
32 1 Present
133 NA NA
v1046. Exported Good: Slaves
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
46 0 Absent
6 1 Present
134 NA NA
v1047. Exported Good: Small Animals
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
45 0 Absent
7 1 Present
134 NA NA
v1048. Exported Good: Large Animals
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
41 0 Absent
11 1 Present
134 NA NA
v1049. Exported Good: Meat/Dairy, Furs, Skins
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
29 0 Absent
23 1 Present
134 NA NA
v1050. Exported Good: Cereal Grains
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
25 0 Absent
27 1 Present
134 NA NA
v1051. Exported Good: Salt, Spices
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
45 0 Absent
7 1 Present
134 NA NA
v1052. Exported Good: Wood, Fuel, Construction Mat
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
49 0 Absent
3 1 Present
134 NA NA
v1053. Exported Good: Ores
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
50 0 Absent
2 1 Present
134 NA NA
v1054. Exported Good: Agricultural Inputs
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=1
Freq Value Description
52 0 Absent
134 NA NA
v1055. Exported Good: Prestige Goods (Ivory, Gold, Etc)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
40 0 Absent
12 1 Present
134 NA NA
v1056. Exported Good: Craft Goods
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
34 0 Absent
18 1 Present
134 NA NA
v1057. Exported Good: Alcohol
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
51 0 Absent
1 1 Present
134 NA NA
v1058. Exported Good: Stimulants (Tobacco, Tea, Coffee)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
45 0 Absent
7 1 Present
134 NA NA
v1059. Exported Good: Pots, Beads, Cooking Utensils, Etc
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
50 0 Absent
2 1 Present
134 NA NA
v1060. Exported Good: Books, Magazines, Newspapers
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=1
Freq Value Description
52 0 Absent
134 NA NA
v1061. Exported Good: Clothing, Cloth, Blankets
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
48 0 Absent
4 1 Present
134 NA NA
v1062. Exported Good: Bicycles, Cars, Power Boats
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=1
Freq Value Description
52 0 Absent
134 NA NA
v1063. Exported Good: Radios, Lamps, Electricity
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=1
Freq Value Description
52 0 Absent
134 NA NA
v1064. Exported Good: Metal Tools, Traps
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
51 0 Absent
1 1 Present
134 NA NA
v1065. Exported Good: Weapons, Ammunition
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=1
Freq Value Description
52 0 Absent
134 NA NA
v1066. Exported Good: Tractors, Pumps, Machines
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=1
Freq Value Description
52 0 Absent
134 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Data from "A Cross-Cultural Historical Analysis of Subsistence
Change" by Candice Bradley, Carmella C. Moore, Michael L. Burton, and
Douglas R. White. 1990. American Anthropologist, 92:2:447-457 (June
1990).
v1072. Date of Observation
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=87; Number of unique
values=41
Stat Value
nobs 87
mean 1912.057
min 1750
max 1965
sd 42.092
v1073. Change in 100 Years Prior to Observation
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=87; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
14 0 No
change
73 1 Change
as result of world-system contact
99 NA NA
v1074. Extent of Change in Subsistence or Supportive System
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=87; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
14 0 No
change
65 1 Partial
8 2 Total
Change in subsistence system
99 NA NA
v1075. Agricultural Intensification: Increase in Inputs without Increasing Land
Area of Food Production
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=86; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
57 0 No
change/Not applicable
29 1 Change
in intensification
100 NA NA
v1076. Non-agricultural Intensification
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=85; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
71 0 No
change/Not applicable
14 1 Change
in intensification
101 NA NA
v1077. New Crops
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=85; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
62 0 No
23 1 Yes
101 NA NA
v1078. New Animals
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=85; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
70 0 No
15 1 Yes
101 NA NA
v1079. Change in Settlement Patterns
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=85; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
67 0 No
change/Not applicable
18 1 Change
in settlement patterns
101 NA NA
v1080. Expansion of Land Utilized in Subsistence or Supportive Practices
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=81; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
64 0 No
change/Not applicable
17 1 Change
in expansion
105 NA NA
v1081. Major Loss of Subsistence Mode
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=87; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
60 0 No
change/Not applicable
27 1 Major
loss
99 NA NA
v1082. Wage Labor Introduced
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=85; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
58 0 No
27 1 Yes
101 NA NA
v1083. Wage Labor Increased
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=86; Number of unique values=2
Freq Value Description
64 0 No
22 1 Yes
100 NA NA
v1084. Introduction to Trade
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=85; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
63 0 No
22 1 Yes
101 NA NA
v1085. Trade Increased
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=86; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
53 0 No
33 1 Yes
100 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: White and Burton, NSF coding project, coders Candice Bradley, Carmella
C. Moore, Douglas R. White
v1086. Date of Observation (Pinpointed) [20]
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=55; Number of unique
values=32
Stat Value
nobs 55
mean 1910.291
min 1750
max 1965
sd 44.038
v1087. Political Entities Conquered, Colonized or Displaced in Last 100 Years
(Earlier Conquests in Footnotes) [21]
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
40 1 None
9 3 Warlike
expansion and displacement without conquest or colonization
1 4 Conquest
but not colonization
2 5 Conquest
and colonization
134 NA NA
v1088. Frequency of Successful Expansions into Another Society in past 100
Years
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
41 1 None
2 2 Once
4 3 Several
times - no more than 4
6 4 Very
frequent or continual
133 NA NA
v1089. Estimate of Distance to Furthest Society Conquored: [24]
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=46; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
42 1 None
1 2 Neighboring
2 4 Over
200 miles, same continent
1 5 Different
Continents
140 NA NA
v1090. Society Was Conquered, Colonized or Displaced by Political Entities in
Last 100 Years Prior to Observation (Note Earlier Conquests)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=43; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
11 1 None
4 2 Peaceful
colonization or displacement (expansionist migration, assimilation,
intermarriage or annexation with effective sovereignty and administration)
2 3 Warlike
expansion and displacement without conquest or colonization
7 4 Conquest
but not colonization
17 5 Conquest
and colonization
2 6 Colonization
but not conquest
143 NA NA
v1091. Frequency of Successful Expansions into This Society in past 100 Years
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=37; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
15 1 None
9 2 Once
6 3 Several
times - no more than 4 episodes
7 4 Very
frequent or continual
149 NA NA
v1092. Catastrophic Shifts Causing Depopulation (Last 50 Years)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
25 1 None
1 2 Animal
Disease
21 4 Human
(Disease, Starvation, Warfare with State Level, Intensification of Local
Warfare)
1 5 Animal
+ Crop Disease
4 6 Animal
Disease + Human-caused
134 NA NA
v1093. Number of Years Prior to Observation for Beginning of Problem (S)
Causing Depopulation [36]
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique
values=21
Freq Value Description
17 0 None
1 13 13
1 20 20
1 22 22
2 23 23
1 27 27
2 30 30
1 34 34
1 41 41
1 45 45
1 50 50
1 54 54
2 60 60
2 64 64
1 68 68
1 75 75
1 100 100
1 120 120
1 195 195
1 300 300
1 415 415
145 NA NA
v1094. Number of Years Prior to Observation for Ending of Problem (S) [37]
Causing Depopulation (i.e., before Population Stable or Increasing)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
18 0 None
13 1 Had
not recovered
2 10 10
1 13 13
1 20 20
2 30 30
1 37 37
1 50 50
147 NA NA
v1095. Percentage of Population Lost (100 Pct minus Popul in 37 as Pct of That
in 36)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=38; Number of unique
values=14
Freq Value Description
18 0 None
1 6 6
1 10 10
1 20 20
1 22 22
2 30 30
2 33 33
4 50 50
2 60 60
1 66 66
1 70 70
2 75 75
1 79 79
1 80 80
148 NA NA
v1096. Percentage Recovery (Popul at Observation in 39a as Pct of That in
36)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=20; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
14 0 None
5 1 Had
not recovered
1 79 79
166 NA NA
v1097. Population at Date of Observation:
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=20; Number of unique
values=18
Freq Value Description
1 154 154
1 200 200
1 900 900
2 2000 2000
1 2500 2500
1 2582 2582
2 4000 4000
1 4500 4500
1 4700 4700
1 5000 5000
1 7000 7000
1 14000 14000
1 14848 14848
1 15830 15830
1 22155 22155
1 40000 40000
1 1e+05 1e+05
1 3e+05 3e+05
166 NA NA
v1100. Societal Migration or Relocation in past 100 Years [40]
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=45; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
26 1 None
1a Movement restricted by pre-state groups
2 2 Voluntary
Migration, not the effect of world market 2a Forced migration by pre-state
groups
4 3 Voluntary
migration as a world market response 3a Movement restricted by state-level
groups 3b Voluntary migration a world system not world market response
13 4 Forced
Migration as a result of colonial power of state
141 NA NA
v1101. Other Societal Migration, Relocation or Settlement in past 500
Years
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=42; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
24 1 None
1a Movement restricted by pre-state groups
4 2 Voluntary
Migration, not the effect of world market 2a Forced migration by pre-state
groups (give reason in #44)
2 3 Voluntary
migration as a world market response 3a Movement restricted by state-level
groups 3b Voluntary migration a world system not world market response
12 4 Forced
Migration as a result of colonial power of state
144 NA NA
v1102. Time in New Location until Date of Observation [42]
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=47; Number of unique
values=19
Freq Value Description
28 0 None
2 3 3
1 6 6
1 7 7
1 9 9
1 12 12
1 13 13
1 18 18
1 37 37
1 40 40
1 46 46
1 56 56
1 80 80
1 84 84
1 106 106
1 120 120
1 150 150
1 170 170
1 400 400
139 NA NA
v1103. Distance Migrated (Miles) [43]
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
28 0 None
1 3 3
1 25 25
1 50 50
3 100 100
2 150 150
3 300 300
1 400 400
1 500 500
145 NA NA
v1104. Reason for Migration or Relocation [44]
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
28 1 1
7 2 Expansion
to new areas due to population pressure, intensification
1 4 Expansive,
in conflict with other groups, trade access
3 5 Defensive,
in peaceful competition with other groups
8 6 Defensive,
in violent conflict with other groups
5 7 Gvmt
resettlement for labor, pacification, colonizing, agriculture
134 NA NA
v1105. Effects of Relocation on (a) Trade or Position in World System; (B)
Gender Roles; (C) Social Structure, Land Tenure, etc. (Revise) [45]
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=50; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
29 1 N.A.
8 2 Positive
Effect (e.g., Trade Networks Expanded)
3 3 Little
or None
1 4 Transformation
of agriculture to private ownership
1 5 Increased
stratification, warfare (e.g., due to horse)
1 6 Grouped
into villages to resist attack
1 7 Weakened
3 8 Displaced
tradl groups, or fragmentation into smaller groups
3 9 Disrupted
lifestyle or subsistence base
136 NA NA
v1106. Reservation or Reserve Status at Time of Observation [46]
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=51; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
35 1 Granted
Original lands, right to live there and move about
10 2 Original
Lands; must carry pass or id when not there
1 3 Original
Lands; No right to live elsewhere permanently
4 5 Resettlement;
must carry pass or id when not there
1 6 Resettlement;
No right to live elsewhere permanently
135 NA NA
v1107. Society Unintentionally Caught up in State Level Warfare [47]
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
29 1 No
3 2 Yes,
minor
2 3 Yes,
moderate
5 4 Yes,
major
147 NA NA
v1108. Years before (or after) Observation When Warfare First Stopped
[58]
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=29; Number of unique values=13
Freq Value Description
6 0 No
Warfare to Restrict OR
11 1 Warfare
not restricted
1 2 Warfare
informally restricted
1 21 21
1 24 24
1 25 25
1 27 27
1 30 30
1 36 36
2 40 40
1 70 70
1 74 74
1 250 250
157 NA NA
v1110. Restrictions on Warfare in Effect at Time of Observation { (including
Restriction by Sheer Influx of Colonists or Settlers) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
7 1 No
Warfare to Restrict
16 2 Warfare
present and not restricted
13 4 Warfare
restricted and reduced but not stopped
17 5 Warfare
restricted and stopped
133 NA NA
v1111. Effects of Restriction above (Either) on Men and Women
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=35; Number of unique
values=11
Freq Value Description
8 0 No
Warfare to Restrict
12 1 Warfare
not restricted
4 2 No
or little Effect (e.g.,had been fairly peaceful, or battles prearranged)
1 3 Women
not enslaved, men not killed
1 4 Mens
trade up, womens contribution reduced
1 5 More
feasting among men
2 6 Mens
labor free for cash cropping, wage labor, or agriculture, animal
husbandry
2 7 New
means of dispute settlement, including reliance on new govt.
1 8 Broke
up age grading
2 9 Broke
up stratification, slavery, or political stratification
1 68 Other
151 NA NA
v1112. Number or Type of Turbulent Changes
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=54; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
8 1 None
5 2 Migration
4 3 Disease
and Depopulation
3 4 Conquest
5 5 Conquest
and Colonization (SHOULD COUNT AS TWO!)
2 6 Resettlement
on Reservation or Land Grant
8 7 Two
of the above
8 8 Three
of the above
9 9 Four
of the above
2 10 Five
of the above
132 NA NA
v1116. Warfare Mortality (E&e 1983: 118)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=35; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
30 0 Low
or Absent
5 1 High
151 NA NA
v1117. Internal Warfare (or Feuding) (E&e 1983: 178, 179, 185, 188,
304-306) (Ott: 143-49 Variable 4)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=74; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
36 0 Absent
33 1 Present
5 2 Civil
War, in the absense of feuding or other types of internal war (may include
civil disorder, uprisising)
112 NA NA
v1118. Pacification by Date of Observation
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=15; Number of unique
values=1
Freq Value Description
15 1 Yes
(DRW)
171 NA NA
v1119. External War Only (Ott: 143-49 Variables 4, 5, 6) (E&e: 204, 205,
207, 209, 304-306)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
32 0 No
21 1 Yes
133 NA NA
v1120. Some External War (Ott: 143-49 Variables 5, 6) (E&e: 204, 205, 207,
209, 304-306)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=54; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
11 0 Absent
43 1 Present
132 NA NA
v1121. Depopulation (E&e 1983: 228, 293)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=32; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
3 0 Little
or no depopulation
25 1 Some
or considerable depopulation
4 2 Major
depopulation
154 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Douglas R. White
v1122. Log10 of Total Population { from Standard Sample Pinpointing Sheets;
Noted If from Ethnographic Atlas }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
2 1 10-99
22 2 100-999
57 3 1000-9999
35 4 10000-99999
39 5 100000-999999
19 6 1000000-9999999
9 7 10000000-99999999
2 8 100000000-999999999
1 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Frederic L. Pryor, 1985. The Invention of the Plow. Comparative Studies
in Society and History 27: 740-744. and Frederic L. Pryor, 1984. The Transition
to Agriculture: Some Empirical Evidence. Ms.
v1123. Major Agricultural Staple
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=184; Number of unique
values=22
Freq Value Description
38 0 Agriculture
not practiced or confined to non-food crops
1 10 Buckwheat
14 11 Wheat
4 12 Barley
15 13 Millet
30 14 Sorghum
9 15 Maize
10 16 Dry
Rice
9 17 Wet
Rice
1 18 Rye
1 19 Teff
9 21 Yam
10 22 Taro
or Okuma
4 23 White
Potato
16 24 Cassava
(Manioc)
2 25 Sweet
Potato
1 26 Tubers
in general
4 31 Bananas
or Plantains
2 32 Breadfruit
2 33 Coconut
1 34 Ensete
1 40 Industrial
Crops, e.g., cotton
2 NA NA
v1124. Agricultural Staple Data Quality: Inferences
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=146; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
137 0 Good
data
9 1 Inferential
40 NA NA
v1125. Second Agricultural Staple
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=184; Number of unique
values=14
Freq Value Description
38 0 Agriculture
not practiced or confined to non-food crops
117 1 No
secondary agricultural staple
2 12 Barley
2 13 Millet
5 14 Sorghum
3 15 Maize
2 16 Dry
Rice
3 17 Wet
Rice
1 22 Taro
or Okuma
1 23 White
Potato
3 24 Cassava
(Manioc)
3 31 Bananas
or Plantains
3 35 Sago
and other Palms
1 36 Pandanus
2 NA NA
v1126. Second Agricultural Staple Data Quality: Inferences
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=146; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
143 0 Good
data
3 1 Inferential
40 NA NA
v1127. Crop Type Plow-positive or -negative
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=184; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
38 0 Agriculture
not practiced or confined to non-food crops
112 1 Plow-negative
(Millet, Sorghum, Maize, Dry Rice,
34 2 Plow-positive
(Buckwheat, Wheat, Barley, Wet Rice, Rye,
2 NA NA
v1128. Cropping Index (Rough Indicator of Fallowing) for Major Crops {
Percentage of Total Land Used for Major Crops Used in Any given Year (Tree
Crops Are Considered to Have No Fallow) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
38 0 Agriculture
not practiced or confined to non-food crops
22 1 less
than 10 pct of land used per year
26 2 10
pct - 29 pct of land used per year
15 3 30
pct - 49 pct of land used per year
32 4 50
pct - 99 pct of land used per year
29 5 100
pct or more of land used per year, (over 100 pct due to double cropping)
24 NA NA
v1129. Cropping Index Data Quality: Inferences
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=124; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
94 0 Good
data
30 1 Inferential
62 NA NA
v1130. Population Density (from Pryor Data)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
51 2 less
than 1 per square mile
28 3 1
- 4.9 per square mile
35 4 5
- 24.9 per square mile
37 5 25
- 99.9 per square mile
24 6 99
- 499.9 per square mile
11 7 500
or more per square mile
v1131. Population Density Data Quality: Inferences
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
146 0 Good
data
40 1 Inferential
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: George Peter Murdock, 1957. World Ethnographic Sample. American
Anthropologist 59: 664-687.
v1132. Political Integration (Wes Col 15; EA Var 89)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=174; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
48 0 Insufficient
information, or not coded
10 1 Absence,
even at local level
46 2 Autonomous
local communities (not > 1,500)
4 3 Peace
groups transcending local community
27 4 Minimal
States (1500-10,000)
9 5 Little
States (10,000-100,000)
22 6 States
(at least 100,000)
8 8 Dependent
societies
12 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Laura Betzig. 1986. Despotism and Differential Reproduction: A
Darwinian View of History. New York: Aldine. Introductions and explanations of
the variables by the author were published in World Cultures, 1988, Volume 4,
Number 4.
v1133. Maximum Harem Size { Simultaneous Conjugal Relations with Concubines and
Wives Which the Individual at the Head of the Social Hierarchy (or, Where There
Is No Hierarchy, the Most Polygynous Man), Enjoys. }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=99; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
41 1 3
conjugal relationships or less
37 2 4-10
conjugal relationships
13 3 11-100
conjugal relationships
8 4 More
than 100 conjugal relationships
87 NA NA
v1134. Despotic Bias in Conflict Resolution { Degree of Despotism, or the
Extent to Which One Individual, at the Head of the Social Hierarchy, Is Able to
Exploit His Position of Strength When a Conflict of Interest Arises, Effecting
a Biased Result in His Favor. It Does Not Include Such Asymmetry over Slaves
Nor over Members of the Household. }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
90 1 Despotism
absent: bias in the resolution of individual conflicts is not extreme, usually
being effected by differences in strength, kinship connections, or wealth
between the individuals involved.
14 2 Despotism
present: Conflicts of interest among individuals are resolved with extreme
bias, one individual being immune from sanction or even from accusation for
major offenses (such as murder), while the other may incur severe punishment,
even death, for trivial offenses (such as insult), or for no reason at
all.
82 NA NA
v1135. Jurisdictional Perquisites { A Measure of the Extent to Which
Individuals in the Jurisdictional Hierarchy Exploit Their Positions to Accrue
Rewards in the Form of Fines, Bribes, and Confiscations, in Connection with
Dispute Resolution. }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=34; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
25 1 Perquisites
are small, the reward in a single case being roughly less than a bride price or
a bride.
9 2 Perquisites
are substantial, reward in a single case is roughly greater than or equal to a
bride price or a bride.
152 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Laura Betzig. 1989. Causes of Conjugal Dissolution: A Cross-Cultural
Study. Current Anthropology 30: 654-676. Reprinted with permission of the
author and the Editor of Current Anthropology.
Variables 1136 - 1163 - deals with causes listed under Infidelity (III),
Infertility (IV), Personality (V), and Economics (VI). Variables 1164 - 1178
deals with causes listed under Conflicts with In-Laws (VII), Ritual (VIII),
Absence or Desertion (IX), Health (X), and Politics (XI)
v1136. Divorce Causes- Infidelity: Adultery
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
73 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
2 1 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Husband
25 2 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Both
6 3 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified
54 4 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Wife
26 NA NA
v1137. Divorce Causes- Infidelity: Lack of Virginity
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
154 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
6 4 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Wife
26 NA NA
v1138. Divorce Causes- Infidelity: Polygamy
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
135 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
25 1 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Husband
26 NA NA
v1139. Divorce Causes- Infidelity: Cruelty or Maltreatment
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
106 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
46 1 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Husband
5 2 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Both
3 3 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified
26 NA NA
v1140. Divorce Causes- Infidelity: Disobedience or Disrespect
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
148 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
1 3 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified
13 4 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Wife
24 NA NA
v1141. Divorce Causes- Infidelity: Repressiveness
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
159 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
1 1 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Husband
26 NA NA
v1142. Divorce Causes- Infidelity: Jealousy
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
154 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
1 1 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Husband
4 2 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Both
1 3 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified
26 NA NA
v1143. Divorce Causes- Infidelity: Another Lover
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
122 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
3 1 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Husband
11 2 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Both
24 4 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Wife
26 NA NA
v1144. Divorce Causes- Infertility: Sterility
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
84 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
13 1 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Husband
12 2 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Both
22 3 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified
29 4 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Wife
26 NA NA
v1145. Divorce Causes- Infertility: Sexual Neglect
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
145 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
15 1 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Husband
26 NA NA
v1146. Divorce Causes- Infertility: Refusal to Have Sex
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
148 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
12 4 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Wife
26 NA NA
v1147. Divorce Causes- Infertility: Death of Children
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
146 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
14 3 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified
26 NA NA
v1148. Divorce Causes- Infertility: Old Age
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
152 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
9 4 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Wife
25 NA NA
v1149. Divorce Causes- Infertility: Absence of Male Children
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
158 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
2 3 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified
26 NA NA
v1150. Divorce Causes- Infertility: Exchange Wife Has Too Few Children
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
159 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
1 3 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified
26 NA NA
v1151. Divorce Causes- Personality: Mutual Consent
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
118 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
1 1 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Husband
40 3 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified
1 4 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Wife
26 NA NA
v1152. Divorce Causes- Personality: Displeasingness
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
109 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
19 1 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Husband
17 2 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Both
15 4 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Wife
26 NA NA
v1153. Divorce Causes- Personality: Quarrelsomeness or Talkativeness
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique values=3
Freq Value Description
150 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
2 2 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Both
8 4 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Wife
26 NA NA
v1154. Divorce Causes- Personality: Bad Temper
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
151 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
1 1 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Husband
1 2 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Both
7 4 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Wife
26 NA NA
v1155. Divorce Causes- Personality: Other Personality Problems
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
146 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
5 1 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Husband
1 2 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Both
1 3 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified
7 4 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Wife
26 NA NA
v1156. Divorce Causes- Economic: Laziness
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
127 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
8 1 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Husband
9 2 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Both
3 3 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified
13 4 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Wife
26 NA NA
v1157. Divorce Causes- Economic: Inadequate Support
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
138 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
21 1 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Husband
1 3 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified
26 NA NA
v1158. Divorce Causes- Economic: Inadequate Housing
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
156 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
4 1 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Husband
26 NA NA
v1159. Divorce Causes- Economic: Inadequate Food
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
154 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
5 1 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Husband
1 2 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Both
26 NA NA
v1160. Divorce Causes- Economic: Inadequate Clothing
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
157 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
4 1 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Husband
25 NA NA
v1161. Divorce Causes- Economic: Inadequate Food Preparation
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
155 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
5 4 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Wife
26 NA NA
v1162. Divorce Causes- Economic: Inadequately Serving Spouse
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
152 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
8 4 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Wife
26 NA NA
v1163. Divorce Causes- Economic: Other Economic Problems
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
138 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
6 1 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Husband
6 2 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Both
1 3 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified
9 4 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Wife
26 NA NA
v1164. Divorce Causes- In-law Conflicts: Conflicts with In-laws
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
138 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
9 1 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Husband
3 2 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Both
1 3 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified
10 4 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Wife
25 NA NA
v1165. Divorce Causes- In-law Conflicts: Inadequately Serving In-laws
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
155 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
3 1 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Husband
1 2 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Both
2 4 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Wife
25 NA NA
v1166. Divorce Causes- In-law Conflicts: Bridewealth or Dowry Disputes
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
155 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
6 1 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Husband
25 NA NA
v1167. Divorce Causes- In-law Conflicts: Disrespect for In-laws
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
158 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
1 1 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Husband
1 2 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Both
1 4 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Wife
25 NA NA
v1168. Divorce Causes- In-law Conflicts: Spouse Favors Kin
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
154 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
3 1 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Husband
4 4 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Wife
25 NA NA
v1169. Divorce Causes- In-law Conflicts: Other In-law Problems
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
141 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
9 1 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Husband
9 3 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified
2 4 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Wife
25 NA NA
v1170. Divorce Causes- Ritual: Witchcraft or Sorcery
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique values=5
Freq Value Description
148 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
3 1 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Husband
2 2 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Both
1 3 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified
7 4 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Wife
25 NA NA
v1171. Divorce Causes- Ritual: Broken Taboo
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
156 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
1 1 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Husband
2 2 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Both
2 4 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Wife
25 NA NA
v1172. Divorce Causes- Ritual: Bad Dream of Omen
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
160 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
1 3 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified
25 NA NA
v1173. Divorce Causes- Ritual: Other Ritual Problems
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
153 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
2 2 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Both
3 3 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified
3 4 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Wife
25 NA NA
v1174. Divorce Causes- Absence or Desertion:
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
136 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
18 1 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Husband
4 2 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Both
1 3 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified
2 4 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Wife
25 NA NA
v1175. Divorce Causes- Health:
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
138 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
13 1 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Husband
3 2 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Both
1 3 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified
6 4 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Wife
25 NA NA
v1176. Divorce Causes- Politics: Theft
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
151 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
1 1 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Husband
3 2 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Both
1 3 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified
5 4 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Wife
25 NA NA
v1177. Divorce Causes- Politics: Confiction or Incarceration
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
159 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
2 1 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Husband
25 NA NA
v1178. Divorce Causes- Politics: Other Political Problems
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
154 0 Not
mentioned as cause of divorce
7 3 Cause
of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified
25 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: John M. Roberts, 1976. Belief in the Evil Eye in World Perspective. In
Clarence Maloney, ed. The Evil Eye. Columbia University Press. pp. 223-
v1188. Evil Eye Scaled Rating:
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
1 1 Absent,
incontrovertibly
45 2 Absent,
almost certainly
46 3 Absent,
probably
27 4 Absent,
possibly
8 5 Present,
possibly
13 6 Present,
probably
16 7 Present,
almost certainly
30 8 Present,
incontrovertibly
v1189. Evil Eye Belief
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
119 0 Absent
67 1 Present
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Douglas R. White. n.d. Kinship Avoidance. Codes compiled and recoded
from unpublished kinship sheets by G. P. Murdock.
Kin Avoidance defined as reciprocal communicative avoidance: neither one can
talk to the other.
v1190. Sororate
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
20 0 Not
Present in either optional or obligatory form
7 1 Junior
sibling only (WyZ, HyB)
30 3 Full
Sororate or Levirate
129 NA NA
v1191. Levirate
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=56; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
19 0 Not
Present in either optional or obligatory form
13 1 Junior
sibling only (WyZ, HyB)
2 2 Half
sibling only
22 3 Full
Sororate or Levirate
130 NA NA
v1192. Structurally Opposed Kin Groups
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=74; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
5 0 Localized
kin groups, not effectively exogamous
4 1 Nonlocalized
kin groups, not effectively exogamous
3 2 Localized
kin groups, effective kin exogamy
62 3 Nonlocalized
kin groups, effective kin exogamy
112 NA NA
v1193. Exogamous Nonlocalized Descent Groups
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=65; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
10 0 Bilateral
(with second degree exogamy)
1 1 Nonexclusive
ambilineal
3 2 Exclusive
ambilineal
50 3 Exclusive
unilineal
1 4 Quasi-unilineal
121 NA NA
v1194. Indirect Exchange of Wives
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=58; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
18 0 Direct
exchange, i.e., duo- or patrilateral cross-cousin marriage, sister exchange, or
symmetric exchange
21 1 No
first or second cross-cousin marriage
7 2 Matrilateral
second cross-cousin marriage tendency
12 3 Matrilateral
first cross-cousin marriage tendency
128 NA NA
v1195. Bridewealth
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=75; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
10 0 Dowry
(even as alternate, e.g., Bd)
18 1 No
exchange at marriage, and gift exchange or token bridewealth if descent not
matrilineal
4 2 Gift
exchange or token bridewealth if descent matrilineal
40 3 Brideprice
or brideservice
3 4 Not
Applicable: sister exchange
111 NA NA
v1196. Avoidance: M-wbw or F-hzh Wife's Brother's Wife
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=13; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
6 0 Absent
7 1 Present
173 NA NA
v1197. Avoidance: M-wm or F-dh Mother-in-law
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=60; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
35 0 Absent
25 1 Present
126 NA NA
v1198. Avoidance: M-wf or M-dh Wife's Father
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=35; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
28 0 Absent
7 1 Present
151 NA NA
v1199. Avoidance: M-wb or F-zh Wife's Brother
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=26; Number of unique
values=1
Freq Value Description
26 0 Absent
160 NA NA
v1200. Avoidance: M-wbd or F-fzh Wife's Brother's Daughter
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=4; Number of unique
values=1
Freq Value Description
4 0 Absent
182 NA NA
v1201. Avoidance: M-wez or F-yzh Wife's Elder Sister
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=48; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
44 0 Absent
4 1 Present
138 NA NA
v1202. Avoidance: M-wyz or F-ezh Wife's Younger Sister
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=49; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
48 0 Absent
1 1 Present
137 NA NA
v1203. Avoidance: M-wzd or F-mzh Wife's Sister's Daughter
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=3; Number of unique
values=1
Freq Value Description
3 0 Absent
183 NA NA
v1204. Avoidance: F-hf or M-sw Husband's Father
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=50; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
36 0 Absent
14 1 Present
136 NA NA
v1205. Avoidance: F-hm or M-sw Husband's Mother
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=33; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
29 0 Absent
4 1 Present
153 NA NA
v1206. Avoidance: F-hz or F-bw Husband's Sister
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=24; Number of unique
values=1
Freq Value Description
24 0 Absent
162 NA NA
v1207. Avoidance: F-hzs or M-mbw Husband's Sister's Husband
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=17; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
16 0 Absent
1 1 Present
169 NA NA
v1208. Avoidance: F-heb or M-ybw Husband's Elder Brother
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=54; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
45 0 Absent
9 1 Present
132 NA NA
v1209. Avoidance: F-hyb or M-ebw Husband's Younger Brother
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
51 0 Absent
2 1 Present
133 NA NA
v1210. Avoidance: F-hbs or M-fbw Husband's Brother's Son
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=7; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
6 0 Absent
1 1 Present
179 NA NA
v1211. Avoidance: F-eb or M-yz Brother-elder Sister
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
43 0 Absent
9 1 Present
134 NA NA
v1212. Avoidance: M-ez or F-yb Brother-younger Sister
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
43 0 Absent
9 1 Present
134 NA NA
v1213. Avoidance: F-fs or M-fd Half-elder? Sibling
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=11; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
9 0 Absent
2 1 Present
175 NA NA
v1214. Avoidance: F-ms or M-md Half-younger? Sibling
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=11; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
9 0 Absent
2 1 Present
175 NA NA
v1215. Avoidance: F-mezs or M-myzd Matrilateral Parallel Cousin
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=26; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
21 0 Absent
5 1 Present
160 NA NA
v1216. Avoidance: F-myzs or M-mezd Matrilateral Parallel Cousin
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=26; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
21 0 Absent
5 1 Present
160 NA NA
v1217. Avoidance: F-febs or M-fybd Patrilateral Parallel Cousin
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=28; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
23 0 Absent
5 1 Present
158 NA NA
v1218. Avoidance: F-fybs or M-febd Patrilateral Parallel Cousin
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=28; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
23 0 Absent
5 1 Present
158 NA NA
v1219. Avoidance: F-mbs or M-fzd Patrilateral Cross-cousin
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=37; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
34 0 Absent
3 1 Present
149 NA NA
v1220. Avoidance: F-fzs or M-mbd Matrilateral Cross-cousin
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=42; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
39 0 Absent
3 1 Present
144 NA NA
v1221. Avoidance: M-fzs or M-mbs Male Cross-cousins
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=13; Number of unique
values=1
Freq Value Description
13 0 Absent
173 NA NA
v1222. Avoidance: F-fzd or F-mbd Female Cross-cousins
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=13; Number of unique
values=1
Freq Value Description
13 0 Absent
173 NA NA
v1223. Avoidance: M-fz or F-bs Paternal Aunt-nephew
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=24; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
22 0 Absent
2 1 Present
162 NA NA
v1224. Avoidance: F-mb or M-zd Maternal Uncle-neice
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=24; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
23 0 Absent
1 1 Present
162 NA NA
v1225. Avoidance: F-hzd or M-mbw Maternal Uncle's Wife
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=2; Number of unique
values=1
Freq Value Description
2 0 Absent
184 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: George P. Murdock. 1971. Cross-Sex Kinship Behavior. Ethnology
10:359-368. Cross-Cultural Codes in Barry and Schlegel 1980.
v1226. Sister and Brother
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=44; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
8 1 Avoidance
22 2 Respect
12 3 Informality
2 5 Joking
142 NA NA
v1227. Wife's Mother and Daughter's Husband
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=54; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
26 1 Avoidance
19 2 Respect
8 3 Informality
1 4 Forbidden
sex relations
132 NA NA
v1228. Husband's Mother and Son's Wife
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=42; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
16 1 Avoidance
14 2 Respect
8 3 Informality
2 4 Forbidden
sex relations
1 5 Joking
1 6 Sex
privleged relationship
144 NA NA
v1229. Mother's Brother's Wife and Husband's Sister's Son
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=24; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
1 1 Avoidance
8 2 Respect
4 3 Informality
5 4 Forbidden
sex relations
2 5 Joking
4 6 Sex
privleged relationship
162 NA NA
v1230. Wife's Brother's Daughter and Father's Sister's Husband
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=11; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
1 1 Avoidance
1 2 Respect
7 4 Forbidden
sex relations
1 5 Joking
1 6 Sex
privleged relationship
175 NA NA
v1231. Mother's Brother's Son and Father's Sister's Son
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=45; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
3 1 Avoidance
3 2 Respect
8 3 Informality
13 4 Forbidden
sex relations
11 5 Joking
7 6 Sex
privleged relationship
141 NA NA
v1232. Father's Sister's Daughter and Mother's Brother's Son
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=46; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
2 1 Avoidance
4 2 Respect
9 3 Informality
15 4 Forbidden
sex relations
10 5 Joking
6 6 Sex
privleged relationship
140 NA NA
v1233. Elder Brother's Wife and Husband's Younger Brother
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=48; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
3 1 Avoidance
9 2 Respect
7 3 Informality
4 4 Forbidden
sex relations
12 5 Joking
13 6 Sex
privleged relationship
138 NA NA
v1234. Younger Brother's Wife and Husband's Elder Brother
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=49; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
10 1 Avoidance
8 2 Respect
6 3 Informality
6 4 Forbidden
sex relations
9 5 Joking
10 6 Sex
privleged relationship
137 NA NA
v1235. Wife's Elder Sister and Younger Sister's Husband
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=46; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
5 1 Avoidance
6 2 Respect
7 3 Informality
5 4 Forbidden
sex relations
10 5 Joking
13 6 Sex
privleged relationship
140 NA NA
v1236. Wife's Younger Sister and Elder Sister's Husband
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=46; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
1 1 Avoidance
6 2 Respect
6 3 Informality
4 4 Forbidden
sex relations
13 5 Joking
16 6 Sex
privleged relationship
140 NA NA
v1237. Wife's Brother's Wife and Husband's Sister's Husband
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=12; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
4 1 Avoidance
3 2 Respect
5 4 Forbidden
sex relations
174 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Judith L. Anderson, Charles B. Crawford, Joanne Nadeau, and Tracy
Lindberg. 1992 Was the Duchess of Windsor Right? A Cross-Cultural Review of the
Socioecology of Ideals of Female Body Shape. Ethology and Sociobiology
13:197-
v1248. Female Body Type Considered Most Attractive
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=58; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
20 1 Plump
or fat (original code 1)
6 2 (original
code 1.5)
20 3 Moderate
degree of fatness (original code 2)
12 4 Slim
or slender (original code 3)
128 NA NA
v1249. Exposure of Adolescent Girls to Male Sexual Advances
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=49; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
5 2 Protection
by adult groups (original code 2)
2 3 (original
code 2.5)
17 4 Protection
by parents only (original code 3)
2 5 Protection
by peers (original code 4)
1 6 (original
code 4.5)
22 7 No
protection (original code 5)
137 NA NA
v1250. Consequences for Adolescent Girls Pregnant before Marriage
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=50; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
7 1 No
bad consequences; mother supported by family, community, and or father of baby
(original code 1)
12 2 Illegitimacy
disapproved. Parental disapproval, or hasty arrangement of marriage. No serious
diminution of support (original code 2)
6 3 (original
code 2.5)
16 4 Public
disapproval, significant diminution of support (original code 3)
2 5 (original
code 3.5)
6 6 Ostracism,
permanent loss of status and support (original code 4)
1 7 7
136 NA NA
v1251. Degree of Public Awareness of Menarche
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=51; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
16 1 Only
mother and daughter know, no public announcement (original code 1)
7 2 Family
knowledge, recognition within family (original code 2)
1 3 (original
code 2.5)
5 4 Quiet
segregation and/or recognition among women outside family (original code
3)
1 5 (original
code 3.5)
21 6 Public
ceremony (original code 4)
135 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Bobbi S. Low. 1988. Pathogen Stress and Polygyny in Humans. In, Human
Reproductive Behavior: A Darwinian Perspective. (L. Betzig, M. Borgerhoff
Mulder, and P. Turke, eds.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Pp.
115-127.
v1253. Pathogen stress: Leishmanias
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
117 1 Absent
or not recorded
35 2 Present,
no indication of severity
34 3 Present
and serious, widespread, or endemic
v1254. Pathogen stress: Trypanosomes
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
134 1 Absent
or not recorded
38 2 Present,
no indication of severity
14 3 Present
and serious, widespread, or endemic
v1255. Pathogen stress: Malaria
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
55 1 Absent
or not recorded
20 2 Present,
no indication of severity
111 3 Present
and serious, widespread, or endemic
v1256. Pathogen stress: Schistosomes
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
129 1 Absent
or not recorded
16 2 Present,
no indication of severity
41 3 Present
and serious, widespread, or endemic
v1257. Pathogen stress: Filariae
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
89 1 Absent
or not recorded
1 2 Present,
no indication of severity
96 3 Present
and serious, widespread, or endemic
v1258. Pathogen stress: Spirochetes
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
76 1 Absent
or not recorded
45 2 Present,
no indication of severity
65 3 Present
and serious, widespread, or endemic
v1259. Pathogen stress: Leprosy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
70 1 Absent
or not recorded
72 2 Present,
no indication of severity
44 3 Present
and serious, widespread, or endemic
v1260. Pathogen stress: Total Pathogen Stress
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=15
Freq Value Description
30 7 Sum
of variables 1253-1259 is 7
9 8 Sum
of variables 1253-1259 is 8
9 9 Sum
of variables 1253-1259 is 9
4 10 Sum
of variables 1253-1259 is 10
20 11 Sum
of variables 1253-1259 is 11
20 12 Sum
of variables 1253-1259 is 12
13 13 Sum
of variables 1253-1259 is 13
20 14 Sum
of variables 1253-1259 is 14
16 15 Sum
of variables 1253-1259 is 15
16 16 Sum
of variables 1253-1259 is 16
9 17 Sum
of variables 1253-1259 is 17
9 18 Sum
of variables 1253-1259 is 18
6 19 Sum
of variables 1253-1259 is 19
3 20 Sum
of variables 1253-1259 is 20
2 21 Sum
of variables 1253-1259 is 21
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Robert Dirks. 1993. Starvation and Famine: Cross-Cultural and Some
Hypothesis Tests. Cross-Cultural Research 27:28-69.
v1261. Ordinary Nutritional Conditions and Endemic Starvation
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=101; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
38 1 Very
Low
35 2 Low
23 3 High
5 4 Very
High
85 NA NA
v1262. Occurrence of Short-term Starvation
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
21 1 Low
133 2 Moderate
15 3 High
17 NA NA
v1263. Occurrence of Seasonal Starvation
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=168; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
35 1 Very
Low
5 2 Low
64 3 Moderate
29 4 High
35 5 Very
High
18 NA NA
v1264. Temporal Control Codes for Seasonal Starvation
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=63; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
5 0 Post-dates
ethnographic present.
4 1 Remote:
more than 20 years prior to the focus date.
54 2 Proximate:
no more than 20 years prior to the focus date.
123 NA NA
v1265. Occurrence of Famine
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
16 1 Very
Low
28 2 Low
12 3 High
114 4 Very
High
16 NA NA
v1266. Temporal Control Codes for the Occurrence of Famine
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=124; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
6 0 Post-dates
ethnographic present.
6 1 Very
Remote: more than 200 years prior to the focus date.
4 2 Remote:
between 100 and 200 years prior to the focus date.
27 3 Proximate:
between 20 and 100 years prior to focus date.
81 4 Very
Proximate: within 20 years of focus date.
62 NA NA
v1267. Severity of Famine
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
16 1 Very
Low
7 2 Low
33 3 High
54 4 Very
High
76 NA NA
v1268. Persistence of Famine
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
29 1 Low
27 2 Moderate
49 3 High
81 NA NA
v1269. Recurrence of Famine
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=129; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
28 1 Low
87 2 Intermediate
14 3 High
57 NA NA
v1270. Contingency of Famine
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=101; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
16 0 Absent
13 1 Low
45 2 Intermediate
27 3 High
85 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Candice Bradley. 1987. Women, Children and Work. Unpublished Ph.D.
dissertation. University of California, Irvine. UMI 8893611.
v1271. Adult Land Clearance: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=71; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
19 0 Activity
not present
29 1 Men
Only
13 2 Men
Predominant
4 3 Men
and Women Equal
3 4 Women
Predominant
2 5 Women
Only
1 10 Slaves
Only
115 NA NA
v1272. Adult Soil Preparation: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=67; Number of unique values=7
Freq Value Description
19 0 Activity
not present
21 1 Men
Only
11 2 Men
Predominant
6 3 Men
and Women Equal
5 4 Women
Predominant
4 5 Women
Only
1 10 Slaves
Only
119 NA NA
v1273. Adult Planting: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=71; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
19 0 Activity
not present
10 1 Men
Only
9 2 Men
Predominant
10 3 Men
and Women Equal
10 4 Women
Predominant
10 5 Women
Only
1 8 Men,
No Data on Women
1 9 Women,
No Data on Men
1 10 Slaves
Only
115 NA NA
v1274. Adult Crop Tending: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=67; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
19 0 Activity
not present
6 1 Men
Only
8 2 Men
Predominant
8 3 Men
and Women Equal
10 4 Women
Predominant
15 5 Women
Only
1 10 Slaves
Only
119 NA NA
v1275. Adult Harvesting: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=71; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
19 0 Activity
not present
5 1 Men
Only
11 2 Men
Predominant
13 3 Men
and Women Equal
12 4 Women
Predominant
10 5 Women
Only
1 10 Slaves
Only
115 NA NA
v1276. Adult Agricultural Task Unspecified: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
19 0 Activity
not present
2 1 Men
Only
7 2 Men
Predominant
4 3 Men
and Women Equal
5 4 Women
Predominant
1 5 Women
Only
1 10 Slaves
Only
147 NA NA
v1277. Adult Other Agricultural Chores: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=20; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
19 0 Activity
not present
1 10 Slaves
Only
166 NA NA
v1278. Child Land Clearance: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=56; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
19 0 Activity
not present
13 1 Boys
Only
3 2 Boys
Predominant
5 3 Boys
and Girls Equal
3 5 Girls
Only
5 6 Not
a Childs Task
4 7 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
2 8 Boys,
No Data on Girls
1 9 Girls,
No Data on Boys
1 10 Slaves
Only
130 NA NA
v1279. Child Soil Preparation: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
19 0 Activity
not present
13 1 Boys
Only
3 2 Boys
Predominant
5 3 Boys
and Girls Equal
4 5 Girls
Only
2 6 Not
a Childs Task
4 7 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
1 8 Boys,
No Data on Girls
1 9 Girls,
No Data on Boys
1 10 Slaves
Only
133 NA NA
v1280. Child Planting: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique
values=11
Freq Value Description
19 0 Activity
not present
5 1 Boys
Only
2 2 Boys
Predominant
9 3 Boys
and Girls Equal
1 4 Girls
Predominant
8 5 Girls
Only
6 6 Not
a Childs Task
4 7 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
1 8 Boys,
No Data on Girls
1 9 Girls,
No Data on Boys
1 10 Slaves
Only
129 NA NA
v1281. Child Crop Tending: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=61; Number of unique
values=11
Freq Value Description
19 0 Activity
not present
5 1 Boys
Only
5 2 Boys
Predominant
13 3 Boys
and Girls Equal
3 4 Girls
Predominant
5 5 Girls
Only
3 6 Not
a Childs Task
5 7 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
1 8 Boys,
No Data on Girls
1 9 Girls,
No Data on Boys
1 10 Slaves
Only
125 NA NA
v1282. Child Harvesting: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=60; Number of unique
values=11
Freq Value Description
19 0 Activity
not present
5 1 Boys
Only
3 2 Boys
Predominant
10 3 Boys
and Girls Equal
4 4 Girls
Predominant
8 5 Girls
Only
1 6 Not
a Childs Task
6 7 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
2 8 Boys,
No Data on Girls
1 9 Girls,
No Data on Boys
1 10 Slaves
Only
126 NA NA
v1283. Child Agricultural Task Unspecified: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
19 0 Activity
not present
3 1 Boys
Only
2 2 Boys
Predominant
5 3 Boys
and Girls Equal
2 4 Girls
Predominant
3 5 Girls
Only
2 7 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
2 8 Boys,
No Data on Girls
1 10 Slaves
Only
147 NA NA
v1284. Child Other Agricultural Chores: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=22; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
19 0 Activity
not present
1 1 Boys
Only
1 5 Girls
Only
1 10 Slaves
Only
164 NA NA
v1285. Children under 6 Clear Land: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=43; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
40 0 Children
this age do not do task
2 4 Not
a Childs Task
1 5 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
143 NA NA
v1286. Children under 6 Soil Preparation: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
39 0 Children
this age do not do task
1 4 Not
a Childs Task
1 5 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
145 NA NA
v1287. Children under 6 Planting: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=42; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
39 0 Children
this age do not do task
1 2 Girls
this age
1 4 Not
a Childs Task
1 5 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
144 NA NA
v1288. Children under 6 Crop Tending: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=43; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
37 0 Children
this age do not do task
1 1 Boys
this age
1 2 Girls
this age
3 3 Boys
and Girls this age
1 5 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
143 NA NA
v1289. Children under 6 Harvesting: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
38 0 Children
this age do not do task
1 2 Girls
this age
1 3 Boys
and Girls this age
1 5 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
145 NA NA
v1290. Children under 6 Agricultural Tasks Unspecified: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=29; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
28 0 Children
this age do not do task
1 5 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
157 NA NA
v1291. Children under 6 Other Agricultural Chores: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=22; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
21 0 Children
this age do not do task
1 2 Girls
this age
164 NA NA
v1292. Children 6 to 10 Clear Land: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
32 0 Children
this age do not do task
2 1 Boys
this age
5 3 Boys
and Girls this age
2 4 Not
a Childs Task
145 NA NA
v1293. Children 6 to 10 Soil Preparation: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
28 0 Children
this age do not do task
3 1 Boys
this age
1 2 Girls
this age
6 3 Boys
and Girls this age
1 4 Not
a Childs Task
147 NA NA
v1294. Children 6 to 10 Planting: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=42; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
27 0 Children
this age do not do task
2 1 Boys
this age
3 2 Girls
this age
9 3 Boys
and Girls this age
1 4 Not
a Childs Task
144 NA NA
v1295. Children 6 to 10 Crop Tending: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=42; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
24 0 Children
this age do not do task
1 1 Boys
this age
3 2 Girls
this age
14 3 Boys
and Girls this age
144 NA NA
v1296. Children 6 to 10 Harvesting: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
23 0 Children
this age do not do task
4 1 Boys
this age
4 2 Girls
this age
9 3 Boys
and Girls this age
146 NA NA
v1297. Children 6 to 10 Agricultural Tasks Unspecified: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=27; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
20 0 Children
this age do not do task
6 3 Boys
and Girls this age
1 5 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
159 NA NA
v1298. Children 6 to 10 Other Agricultural Chores: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=21; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
20 0 Children
this age do not do task
1 3 Boys
and Girls this age
165 NA NA
v1299. Children over 10 Clear Land: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=44; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
20 0 Children
this age do not do task
13 1 Boys
this age
1 2 Girls
this age
7 3 Boys
and Girls this age
2 4 Not
a Childs Task
1 6 Boys
this age, No Data on Girls
142 NA NA
v1300. Children over 10 Soil Preparation: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=42; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
19 0 Children
this age do not do task
12 1 Boys
this age
2 2 Girls
this age
7 3 Boys
and Girls this age
1 4 Not
a Childs Task
1 6 Boys
this age, No Data on Girls
144 NA NA
v1301. Children over 10 Planting: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=43; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
20 0 Children
this age do not do task
5 1 Boys
this age
5 2 Girls
this age
11 3 Boys
and Girls this age
1 4 Not
a Childs Task
1 6 Boys
this age, No Data on Girls
143 NA NA
v1302. Children over 10 Crop Tending: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=44; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
21 0 Children
this age do not do task
4 1 Boys
this age
4 2 Girls
this age
13 3 Boys
and Girls this age
1 6 Boys
this age, No Data on Girls
1 7 Girls
this age, No Data on Boys
142 NA NA
v1303. Children over 10 Harvesting: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
19 0 Children
this age do not do task
4 1 Boys
this age
5 2 Girls
this age
12 3 Boys
and Girls this age
1 6 Boys
this age, No Data on Girls
145 NA NA
v1304. Children over 10 Agricultural Tasks Unspecified: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=28; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
19 0 Children
this age do not do task
1 1 Boys
this age
1 2 Girls
this age
6 3 Boys
and Girls this age
1 5 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
158 NA NA
v1305. Children over 10 Other Agricultural Chores: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=21; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
20 0 Children
this age do not do task
1 3 Boys
and Girls this age
165 NA NA
v1306. Uses of Fruits of Labor: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=65; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
19 0 None
(e.g.,Activity not present)
36 2 Product
consumer is household or community
9 4 Household
and wage labor or product sold
1 5 1
& 2 above
121 NA NA
v1307. Children Clear Land Alone: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=49; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
20 0 Activity
not present
2 1 Yes,
Children do this
27 2 No,
Children do not do this
137 NA NA
v1308. Children Prepare Soil Alone: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=48; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
20 0 Activity
not present
4 1 Yes,
Children do this
24 2 No,
Children do not do this
138 NA NA
v1309. Children Plant Alone: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=51; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
19 0 Activity
not present
3 1 Yes,
Children do this
29 2 No,
Children do not do this
135 NA NA
v1310. Children Tend Crops Alone: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=51; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
19 0 Activity
not present
3 1 Yes,
Children do this
29 2 No,
Children do not do this
135 NA NA
v1311. Children Harvest Alone: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
19 0 Activity
not present
2 1 Yes,
Children do this
31 2 No,
Children do not do this
134 NA NA
v1312. Children Do Unspecified Agricultural Tasks Alone: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=38; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
19 0 Activity
not present
1 1 Yes,
Children do this
18 2 No,
Children do not do this
148 NA NA
v1313. Children Do Other Agricultural Chores Alone: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=25; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
19 0 Activity
not present
1 1 Yes,
Children do this
5 2 No,
Children do not do this
161 NA NA
v1314. Children Clear Land with Other Kids: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=50; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
20 0 Activity
not present
7 1 Yes,
Children do this
23 2 No,
Children do not do this
136 NA NA
v1315. Children Prepare Soil with Other Kids: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=48; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
20 0 Activity
not present
5 1 Yes,
Children do this
23 2 No,
Children do not do this
138 NA NA
v1316. Children Plant with Other Kids: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=50; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
19 0 Activity
not present
7 1 Yes,
Children do this
24 2 No,
Children do not do this
136 NA NA
v1317. Children Tend Crops with Other Kids: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
19 0 Activity
not present
12 1 Yes,
Children do this
21 2 No,
Children do not do this
134 NA NA
v1318. Children Harvest with Other Kids: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
19 0 Activity
not present
6 1 Yes,
Children do this
27 2 No,
Children do not do this
134 NA NA
v1319. Children Do Unspecified Chores with Other Kids: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=36; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
19 0 Activity
not present
5 1 Yes,
Children do this
12 2 No,
Children do not do this
150 NA NA
v1320. Children Do Other Agricultural Chores with Other Kids: Primary Crop {
(Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=24; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
19 0 Activity
not present
1 1 Yes,
Children do this
4 2 No,
Children do not do this
162 NA NA
v1321. Children Clear Land with Adults: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=49; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
20 0 Activity
not present
24 1 Yes,
Children do this (codes not ordered)
5 2 No,
Children do not do this
137 NA NA
v1322. Children Prepare Soil with Adults: Primary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=48; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
20 0 Activity
not present
23 1 Yes
, Children do this
5 2 No,
Children do not do this
138 NA NA
v1323. Children Plant with Adults: Primary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=50; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
19 0 Activity
not present
25 1 Yes,
Children do this
6 2 No,
Children do not do this
136 NA NA
v1324. Children Tend Crops with Adults: Primary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=51; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
19 0 Activity
not present
23 1 Yes,
Children do this
9 2 No,
Children do not do this
135 NA NA
v1325. Children Harvest with Adults: Primary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
19 0 Activity
not present
28 1 Yes,
Children do this
5 2 No,
Children do not do this
134 NA NA
v1326. Children Do Unspecified Agricultural Tasks with Adults: Primary Crop {
(Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=36; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
19 0 Activity
not present
14 1 Yes,
Children do this
3 2 No,
Children do not do this
150 NA NA
v1327. Children Do Other Agricultural Chores with Adults: Primary Crop { (Codes
Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=22; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
19 0 Activity
not present
2 1 Yes,
Children do this
1 2 No,
Children do not do this
164 NA NA
v1328. Importance of Boy Clearing: Primary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
21 0 Boys
do not do this task
3 1 The
most important task for boys
16 2 Boys
commonly do the task, but not their most important
146 NA NA
v1329. Importance of Boy Preparing Soil: Primary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
22 0 Boys
do not do this task
4 1 The
most important task for boys
13 2 Boys
commonly do the task, but not their most important
147 NA NA
v1330. Importance of Boy Planting: Primary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=42; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
27 0 Boys
do not do this task
2 1 The
most important task for boys
11 2 Boys
commonly do the task, but not their most important
2 3 Boys
rarely do, or usually done by girls
144 NA NA
v1331. Importance of Boy Tending Crops: Primary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=43; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
23 0 Boys
do not do this task
4 1 The
most important task for boys
14 2 Boys
commonly do the task, but not their most important
2 3 Boys
rarely do, or usually done by girls
143 NA NA
v1332. Importance of Boy Harvesting: Primary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=44; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
25 0 Boys
do not do this task
2 1 The
most important task for boys
15 2 Boys
commonly do the task, but not their most important
2 3 Boys
rarely do, or usually done by girls
142 NA NA
v1333. Importance of Boy Unspecified Agricultural Tasks: Primary Crop { (Codes
Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=29; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
20 0 Boys
do not do this task
2 1 The
most important task for boys
7 2 Boys
commonly do the task, but not their most important
157 NA NA
v1334. Importance of Boy Other Agricultural Chores: Primary Crop { (Codes Not
Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=21; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
19 0 Boys
do not do this task
2 2 Boys
commonly do the task, but not their most important
165 NA NA
v1335. Importance of Girl Clearing: Primary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique values=2
Freq Value Description
29 0 Girls
do not do this task
11 2 Girls
commonly do the task, but not their most important
146 NA NA
v1336. Importance of Girl Preparing Soil: Primary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=37; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
27 0 Girls
do not do this task
10 2 Girls
commonly do the task, but not their most important
149 NA NA
v1337. Importance of Girl Planting: Primary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=43; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
24 0 Girls
do not do this task
19 2 Girls
commonly do the task, but not their most important
143 NA NA
v1338. Importance of Girl Tending Crops: Primary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=43; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
22 0 Girls
do not do this task
1 1 The
most important task for girls
19 2 Girls
commonly do the task, but not their most important
1 3 Girls
rarely do, or usually done by boys
143 NA NA
v1339. Importance of Girl Harvesting: Primary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=44; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
23 0 Girls
do not do this task
20 2 Girls
commonly do the task, but not their most important
1 3 Girls
rarely do, or usually done by boys
142 NA NA
v1340. Importance of Girl Unspecified Agricultural Tasks: Primary Crop { (Codes
Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=31; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
20 0 Girls
do not do this task
1 1 The
most important task for girls
9 2 Girls
commonly do the task, but not their most important
1 3 Girls
rarely do, or usually done by boys
155 NA NA
v1341. Importance of Girl Other Agricultural Chores: Primary Crop { (Codes Not
Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=21; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
19 0 Girls
do not do this task
2 2 Girls
commonly do the task, but not their most important
165 NA NA
v1342. Adult Preference in Land Clearing: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=65; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
21 0 None
(e.g.,Activity not present)
43 1 Common
or important adult task
1 3 Usually
adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent
121 NA NA
v1343. Adult Preference in Soil Preparation: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=62; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
21 0 None
(e.g.,Activity not present)
40 1 Common
or important adult task
1 3 Usually
adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent
124 NA NA
v1344. Adult Preference in Planting: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=65; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
21 0 None
(e.g.,Activity not present)
42 1 Common
or important adult task
1 2 Not
preferred by adults, considered childs task
1 3 Usually
adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent
121 NA NA
v1345. Adult Preference in Crop Tending: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=63; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
21 0 None
(e.g.,Activity not present)
37 1 Common
or important adult task
4 2 Not
preferred by adults, considered childs task
1 3 Usually
adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent
123 NA NA
v1346. Adult Preference in Harvesting: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=68; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
21 0 None
(e.g.,Activity not present)
46 1 Common
or important adult task
1 3 Usually
adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent
118 NA NA
v1347. Adult Preference in Unspecified Agricultural Tasks: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=36; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
21 0 None
(e.g.,Activity not present)
14 1 Common
or important adult task
1 3 Usually
adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent
150 NA NA
v1348. Adult Preference in Other Agricultural Chores: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=22; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
21 0 None
(e.g.,Activity not present)
1 1 Common
or important adult task
164 NA NA
v1349. Primary Crop Name
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=81; Number of unique
values=17
Freq Value Description
21 0 No
agriculture
2 1 Barley
10 2 Maize
8 3 Millet
3 4 Dry
rice
7 5 Wet
rice
5 7 Wheat
1 13 Breadfruit
5 14 Cassava
2 15 Potato
1 16 Sweet
potato
4 18 Taro
5 19 Yams
2 21 Plantains
1 22 Dates
2 31 Coconut
2 51 Animal
fodder
105 NA NA
v1350. Other Primary Crop Name
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=72; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
66 0 No
agriculture
2 1 Barley
1 5 Wet
rice
2 6 Sorghum
1 13 Breadfruit
114 NA NA
v1351. Irrigation Used: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=73; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
51 0 None/Absent
22 1 Yes/Present
113 NA NA
v1352. Hand Plow Used: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=73; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
70 0 None/Absent
3 1 Yes/Present
113 NA NA
v1353. Animal Plow Used: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=72; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
56 0 None/Absent
16 1 Yes/Present
114 NA NA
v1354. Terraces and Mounds Used: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=66; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
46 0 None/Absent
20 1 Yes/Present
120 NA NA
v1355. Fences Used: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=59; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
47 0 None/Absent
12 1 Yes/Present
127 NA NA
v1356. Green Manure and Mulch Used: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=58; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
53 0 None/Absent
5 1 Yes/Present
128 NA NA
v1357. Animal Manure Used: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
48 0 None/Absent
9 1 Yes/Present
129 NA NA
v1358. Human Manure Used: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
54 0 None/Absent
3 1 Yes/Present
129 NA NA
v1359. Pesticides Used: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=64; Number of unique
values=1
Freq Value Description
64 0 None/Absent
122 NA NA
v1360. Extent of Weeding: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=60; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
26 0 None/No
weeding/crops not weeded
1 1 Crop
weeded once
4 2 Crop
weeded twice
6 3 Crop
weeded three times
2 4 Weeding,
but not extensively, no data on # times
13 5 Extensive
weeding, no data on # times
8 6 Weeding,
no data on extent or # times
126 NA NA
v1361. Crop Supervision: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=64; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
22 0 No
agriculture
27 1 Crops
supervised from homestead
15 2 Distant
crops supervised, e.g. huts built in fields
122 NA NA
v1362. Planting Techniques: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
21 0 No
agriculture
3 1 Seeds
broadcast
14 2 Seeds
planted by hand/manually
6 3 Seedlings
transplanted
9 4 Cuttings
planted
1 5 1
and 2 above
3 6 2
and 3 above
129 NA NA
v1363. Shortest Length of Fallow: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=56; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
24 0 No
agriculture
15 1 0
years (permanent cultivation)
4 2 2
years
2 3 3
years
2 4 4
years
5 5 5
years
3 6 6
years
1 7 7
years
130 NA NA
v1364. Soil Treatments/Sands Used: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=58; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
53 0 None/Absent
5 1 Yes/Present
128 NA NA
v1365. Chemical Fertilizers Used: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=62; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
59 0 None/Absent
3 1 Yes/Present
124 NA NA
v1366. Stakes and Trellises Used: Primary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=49; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
45 0 None/Absent
4 1 Yes/Present
137 NA NA
v1367. Adult Land Clearance: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=64; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
26 0 Activity
not present
17 1 Men
Only
11 2 Men
Predominant
4 3 Men
and Women Equal
1 4 Women
Predominant
3 5 Women
Only
1 8 Men,
No Data on Women
1 10 Slaves
Only
122 NA NA
v1368. Adult Soil Preparation: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=61; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
26 0 Activity
not present
13 1 Men
Only
8 2 Men
Predominant
3 3 Men
and Women Equal
4 4 Women
Predominant
5 5 Women
Only
1 8 Men,
No Data on Women
1 10 Slaves
Only
125 NA NA
v1369. Adult Planting: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=59; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
25 0 Activity
not present
7 1 Men
Only
1 2 Men
Predominant
8 3 Men
and Women Equal
6 4 Women
Predominant
9 5 Women
Only
2 8 Men,
No Data on Women
1 10 Slaves
Only
127 NA NA
v1370. Adult Crop Tending: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=61; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
26 0 Activity
not present
6 1 Men
Only
2 2 Men
Predominant
9 3 Men
and Women Equal
6 4 Women
Predominant
10 5 Women
Only
1 8 Men,
No Data on Women
1 10 Slaves
Only
125 NA NA
v1371. Adult Harvesting: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=61; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
25 0 Activity
not present
5 1 Men
Only
5 2 Men
Predominant
8 3 Men
and Women Equal
9 4 Women
Predominant
7 5 Women
Only
1 7 Adult
Task, No Data on Sex
1 10 Slaves
Only
125 NA NA
v1372. Adult Agricultural Task Unspecified: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
25 0 Activity
not present
1 1 Men
Only
3 2 Men
Predominant
4 3 Men
and Women Equal
2 4 Women
Predominant
2 5 Women
Only
1 7 Adult
Task, No Data on Sex
1 10 Slaves
Only
147 NA NA
v1373. Adult Other Agricultural Chores: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=26; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
25 0 Activity
not present
1 10 Slaves
Only
160 NA NA
v1374. Child Land Clearance: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=51; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
26 0 Activity
not present
9 1 Boys
Only
1 2 Boys
Predominant
3 3 Boys
and Girls Equal
3 5 Girls
Only
3 6 Not
a Childs Task
3 7 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
1 8 Boys,
No Data on Girls
1 9 Girls,
No Data on Boys
1 10 Slaves
Only
135 NA NA
v1375. Child Soil Preparation: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=50; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
26 0 Activity
not present
7 1 Boys
Only
1 2 Boys
Predominant
3 3 Boys
and Girls Equal
5 5 Girls
Only
2 6 Not
a Childs Task
3 7 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
1 8 Boys,
No Data on Girls
1 9 Girls,
No Data on Boys
1 10 Slaves
Only
136 NA NA
v1376. Child Planting: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=48; Number of unique
values=11
Freq Value Description
25 0 Activity
not present
3 1 Boys
Only
1 2 Boys
Predominant
6 3 Boys
and Girls Equal
1 4 Girls
Predominant
3 5 Girls
Only
2 6 Not
a Childs Task
4 7 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
1 8 Boys,
No Data on Girls
1 9 Girls,
No Data on Boys
1 10 Slaves
Only
138 NA NA
v1377. Child Crop Tending: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=54; Number of unique
values=11
Freq Value Description
26 0 Activity
not present
3 1 Boys
Only
1 2 Boys
Predominant
10 3 Boys
and Girls Equal
2 4 Girls
Predominant
3 5 Girls
Only
3 6 Not
a Childs Task
3 7 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
1 8 Boys,
No Data on Girls
1 9 Girls,
No Data on Boys
1 10 Slaves
Only
132 NA NA
v1378. Child Crop Harvesting: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
25 0 Activity
not present
5 1 Boys
Only
1 2 Boys
Predominant
6 3 Boys
and Girls Equal
2 4 Girls
Predominant
4 5 Girls
Only
1 6 Not
a Childs Task
6 7 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
1 9 Girls,
No Data on Boys
1 10 Slaves
Only
134 NA NA
v1379. Child Agricultural Task Unspecified: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
25 0 Activity
not present
1 1 Boys
Only
1 2 Boys
Predominant
4 3 Boys
and Girls Equal
1 4 Girls
Predominant
3 5 Girls
Only
2 7 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
1 9 Girls,
No Data on Boys
1 10 Slaves
Only
147 NA NA
v1380. Child Other Agricultural Chores: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=26; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
25 0 Activity
not present
1 10 Slaves
Only
160 NA NA
v1381. Children under 6 Clear Land: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique
values=1
Freq Value Description
39 0 Children
this age do not do task
147 NA NA
v1382. Children under 6 Soil Preparation: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique
values=1
Freq Value Description
39 0 Children
this age do not do task
147 NA NA
v1383. Children under 6 Planting: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=38; Number of unique
values=1
Freq Value Description
38 0 Children
this age do not do task
148 NA NA
v1384. Children under 6 Crop Tending: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
39 0 Children
this age do not do task
2 3 Boys
and Girls this age
145 NA NA
v1385. Children under 6 Harvesting: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=37; Number of unique
values=1
Freq Value Description
37 0 Children
this age do not do task
149 NA NA
v1386. Children under 6 Agricultural Tasks Unspecified: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=31; Number of unique
values=1
Freq Value Description
31 0 Children
this age do not do task
155 NA NA
v1387. Children under 6 Other Agricultural Chores: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=26; Number of unique values=1
Freq Value Description
26 0 Children
this age do not do task
160 NA NA
v1388. Children 6 to 10 Clear Land: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
35 0 Children
this age do not do task
1 1 Boys
this age
3 3 Boys
and Girls this age
1 5 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
146 NA NA
v1389. Children 6 to 10 Soil Preparation: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
31 0 Children
this age do not do task
2 1 Boys
this age
2 2 Girls
this age
3 3 Boys
and Girls this age
1 5 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
147 NA NA
v1390. Children 6 to 10 Planting: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=38; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
31 0 Children
this age do not do task
1 1 Boys
this age
1 2 Girls
this age
4 3 Boys
and Girls this age
1 5 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
148 NA NA
v1391. Children 6 to 10 Crop Tending: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
30 0 Children
this age do not do task
1 1 Boys
this age
1 2 Girls
this age
6 3 Boys
and Girls this age
1 5 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
147 NA NA
v1392. Children 6 to 10 Harvesting: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=37; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
30 0 Children
this age do not do task
1 1 Boys
this age
1 2 Girls
this age
3 3 Boys
and Girls this age
2 5 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
149 NA NA
v1393. Children 6 to 10 Agricultural Tasks Unspecified: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=31; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
27 0 Children
this age do not do task
3 3 Boys
and Girls this age
1 5 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
155 NA NA
v1394. Children 6 to 10 Other Agricultural Chores: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=26; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
25 0 Children
this age do not do task
1 3 Boys
and Girls this age
160 NA NA
v1395. Children over 10 Clear Land: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
26 0 Children
this age do not do task
8 1 Boys
this age
1 2 Girls
this age
4 3 Boys
and Girls this age
1 5 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
146 NA NA
v1396. Children over 10 Soil Preparation: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
25 0 Children
this age do not do task
6 1 Boys
this age
3 2 Girls
this age
4 3 Boys
and Girls this age
1 5 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
147 NA NA
v1397. Children over 10 Planting: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=38; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
25 0 Children
this age do not do task
3 1 Boys
this age
2 2 Girls
this age
7 3 Boys
and Girls this age
1 5 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
148 NA NA
v1398. Children over 10 Crop Tending: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
26 0 Children
this age do not do task
3 1 Boys
this age
3 2 Girls
this age
7 3 Boys
and Girls this age
1 5 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
146 NA NA
v1399. Children over 10 Harvesting: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=36; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
25 0 Children
this age do not do task
4 1 Boys
this age
2 2 Girls
this age
4 3 Boys
and Girls this age
1 5 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
150 NA NA
v1400. Children over 10 Agricultural Tasks Unspecified: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=30; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
25 0 Children
this age do not do task
1 1 Boys
this age
1 2 Girls
this age
3 3 Boys
and Girls this age
156 NA NA
v1401. Children over 10 Other Agricultural Chores: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=26; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
25 0 Children
this age do not do task
1 3 Boys
and Girls this age
160 NA NA
v1402. Uses of Fruits of Labor: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=59; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
25 0 None
(e.g.,Activity not present)
28 2 Product
consumer is household or community
2 3 Wage
labor/product sold
3 4 Household
and wage labor or product sold
1 5 1
& 2 above
127 NA NA
v1403. Children Clear Land Alone: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=44; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
26 0 Activity
not present
1 1 Yes,
Children do this
17 2 No,
Children do not do this
142 NA NA
v1404. Children Prepare Soil Alone: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=43; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
26 0 Activity
not present
1 1 Yes,
Children do this
16 2 No,
Children do not do this
143 NA NA
v1405. Children Plant Alone: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=44; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
25 0 Activity
not present
1 1 Yes,
Children do this
18 2 No,
Children do not do this
142 NA NA
v1406. Children Tend Crops Alone: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=46; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
26 0 Activity
not present
1 1 Yes,
Children do this
19 2 No,
Children do not do this
140 NA NA
v1407. Children Harvest Alone: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=46; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
25 0 Activity
not present
2 1 Yes,
Children do this
19 2 No,
Children do not do this
140 NA NA
v1408. Children Do Unspecified Agricultural Tasks Alone: Secondary Crop {
(Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
25 0 Activity
not present
1 1 Yes,
Children do this
13 2 No,
Children do not do this
147 NA NA
v1409. Children Do Other Agricultural Chores Alone: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not
Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=29; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
25 0 Activity
not present
1 1 Yes,
Children do this
3 2 No,
Children do not do this
157 NA NA
v1410. Children Clear Land with Other Kids: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not
Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=45; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
26 0 Activity
not present
5 1 Yes,
Children do this
14 2 No,
Children do not do this
141 NA NA
v1411. Children Prepare Soil with Other Kids: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not
Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=43; Number of unique values=3
Freq Value Description
26 0 Activity
not present
3 1 Yes,
Children do this
14 2 No,
Children do not do this
143 NA NA
v1412. Children Plant with Other Kids: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=44; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
25 0 Activity
not present
5 1 Yes,
Children do this
14 2 No,
Children do not do this
142 NA NA
v1413. Children Tend Crops with Other Kids: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not
Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=46; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
26 0 Activity
not present
9 1 Yes,
Children do this
11 2 No,
Children do not do this
140 NA NA
v1414. Children Harvest with Other Kids: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=46; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
25 0 Activity
not present
7 1 Yes,
Children do this
14 2 No,
Children do not do this
140 NA NA
v1415. Children Do Unspecified Chores with Other Kids: Secondary Crop { (Codes
Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=37; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
25 0 Activity
not present
4 1 Yes,
Children do this
8 2 No,
Children do not do this
149 NA NA
v1416. Children Do Other Agricultural Chores with Other Kids: Secondary Crop {
(Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=28; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
25 0 Activity
not present
1 1 Yes,
Children do this
2 2 No,
Children do not do this
158 NA NA
v1417. Children Clear Land with Adults: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=44; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
26 0 Activity
not present
14 1 Yes,
Children do this
4 2 No,
Children do not do this
142 NA NA
v1418. Children Prepare Soil with Adults: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=43; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
26 0 Activity
not present
14 1 Yes,
Children do this
3 2 No,
Children do not do this
143 NA NA
v1419. Children Plant with Adults: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=44; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
25 0 Activity
not present
15 1 Yes,
Children do this
4 2 No,
Children do not do this
142 NA NA
v1420. Children Tend Crops with Adults: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=46; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
26 0 Activity
not present
13 1 Yes,
Children do this
7 2 No,
Children do not do this
140 NA NA
v1421. Children Harvest with Adults: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=46; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
25 0 Activity
not present
16 1 Yes,
Children do this
5 2 No,
Children do not do this
140 NA NA
v1422. Children Do Unspecified Agricultural Tasks with Adults: Secondary Crop {
(Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=36; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
25 0 Activity
not present
7 1 Yes,
Children do this
4 2 No,
Children do not do this
150 NA NA
v1423. Children Do Other Agricultural Chores with Adults: Secondary Crop {
(Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=26; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
25 0 Activity
not present
1 2 No,
Children do not do this
160 NA NA
v1424. Importance of Boy Clearing: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=36; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
26 0 Boys
do not do this task
10 2 Boys
commonly do the task, but not their most important
150 NA NA
v1425. Importance of Boy Preparing Soil: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=36; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
28 0 Boys
do not do this task
1 1 The
most important task for boys
7 2 Boys
commonly do the task, but not their most important
150 NA NA
v1426. Importance of Boy Planting: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=38; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
27 0 Boys
do not do this task
9 2 Boys
commonly do the task, but not their most important
2 3 Boys
rarely do, or usually done by girls
148 NA NA
v1427. Importance of Boy Tending Crops: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=38; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
27 0 Boys
do not do this task
10 2 Boys
commonly do the task, but not their most important
1 3 Boys
rarely do, or usually done by girls
148 NA NA
v1428. Importance of Boy Harvesting: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
27 0 Boys
do not do this task
13 2 Boys
commonly do the task, but not their most important
1 3 Boys
rarely do, or usually done by girls
145 NA NA
v1429. Importance of Boy Unspecified Agricultural Tasks: Secondary Crop {
(Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=32; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
26 0 Boys
do not do this task
1 1 The
most important task for boys
5 2 Boys
commonly do the task, but not their most important
154 NA NA
v1430. Importance of Boy Other Agricultural Chores: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not
Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=26; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
25 0 Boys
do not do this task
1 2 Boys
commonly do the task, but not their most important
160 NA NA
v1431. Importance of Girl Clearing: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=38; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
30 0 Girls
do not do this task
8 2 Girls
commonly do the task, but not their most important
148 NA NA
v1432. Importance of Girl Preparing Soil: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=36; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
27 0 Girls
do not do this task
9 2 Girls
commonly do the task, but not their most important
150 NA NA
v1433. Importance of Girl Planting: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
27 0 Girls
do not do this task
11 2 Girls
commonly do the task, but not their most important
1 3 Girls
rarely do, or usually done by boys
147 NA NA
v1434. Importance of Girl Tending Crops: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
27 0 Girls
do not do this task
1 1 The
most important task for girls
11 2 Girls
commonly do the task, but not their most important
147 NA NA
v1435. Importance of Girl Harvesting: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=42; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
28 0 Girls
do not do this task
1 1 The
most important task for girls
13 2 Girls
commonly do the task, but not their most important
144 NA NA
v1436. Importance of Girl Unspecified Agricultural Tasks: Secondary Crop {
(Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=35; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
26 0 Girls
do not do this task
1 1 The
most important task for girls
8 2 Girls
commonly do the task, but not their most important
151 NA NA
v1437. Importance of Girl Other Agricultural Chores: Secondary Crop { (Codes
Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=26; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
25 0 Girls
do not do this task
1 2 Girls
commonly do the task, but not their most important
160 NA NA
v1438. Adult Preference in Land Clearing: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=61; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
29 0 None
(e.g.,Activity not present)
31 1 Common
or important adult task
1 3 Usually
adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent
125 NA NA
v1439. Adult Preference in Soil Preparation: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not
Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=60; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
29 0 None
(e.g.,Activity not present)
30 1 Common
or important adult task
1 3 Usually
adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent
126 NA NA
v1440. Adult Preference in Planting: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=58; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
28 0 None
(e.g.,Activity not present)
29 1 Common
or important adult task
1 3 Usually
adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent
128 NA NA
v1441. Adult Preference in Crop Tending: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=58; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
29 0 None
(e.g.,Activity not present)
26 1 Common
or important adult task
2 2 Not
preferred by adults, considered childs task
1 3 Usually
adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent
128 NA NA
v1442. Adult Preference in Harvesting: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=59; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
28 0 None
(e.g.,Activity not present)
30 1 Common
or important adult task
1 3 Usually
adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent
127 NA NA
v1443. Adult Preference in Unspecified Agricultural Tasks: Secondary Crop {
(Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
28 0 None
(e.g.,Activity not present)
12 1 Common
or important adult task
146 NA NA
v1444. Adult Preference in Other Agricultural Chores: Secondary Crop { (Codes
Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=30; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
28 0 None
(e.g.,Activity not present)
2 1 Common
or important adult task
156 NA NA
v1445. Secondary Crop Name
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=79; Number of unique
values=23
Freq Value Description
28 0 No
agriculture
3 1 Barley
7 2 Maize
4 3 Millet
3 4 Dry
rice
1 7 Wheat
1 8 Buckwheat
2 11 Groundnut
4 12 Beans
3 14 Cassava
3 15 Potato
1 16 Sweet
potato
6 18 Taro
3 19 Yams
2 21 Plantains
1 22 Dates
1 24 Other
fruit trees
1 41 Cocoa
1 42 Cotton
1 44 Sugarcane
1 45 Cardamum
1 46 Tobacco
1 47 Rubber
107 NA NA
v1446. Other Secondary Crop Name
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=71; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
57 0 No
agriculture
1 5 Wet
rice
3 6 Sorghum
1 7 Wheat
1 13 Breadfruit
4 17 Squashes
1 18 Taro
1 19 Yams
1 21 Plantains
1 23 Mango
115 NA NA
v1447. Irrigation Used: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=68; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
53 0 None/Absent
15 1 Yes/Present
118 NA NA
v1448. Hand Plow Used: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=70; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
67 0 None/Absent
3 1 Yes/Present
116 NA NA
v1449. Animal Plow Used: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=69; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
58 0 None/Absent
11 1 Yes/Present
117 NA NA
v1450. Terraces and Mounds Used: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=61; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
47 0 None/Absent
14 1 Yes/Present
125 NA NA
v1451. Fences Used: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=61; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
48 0 None/Absent
13 1 Yes/Present
125 NA NA
v1452. Green Manure and Mulch Used: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=58; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
53 0 None/Absent
5 1 Yes/Present
128 NA NA
v1453. Animal Manure Used: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
48 0 None/Absent
9 1 Yes/Present
129 NA NA
v1454. Human Manure Used: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
55 0 None/Absent
2 1 Yes/Present
129 NA NA
v1455. Pesticides Used: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=64; Number of unique
values=1
Freq Value Description
64 0 None/Absent
122 NA NA
v1456. Extent of Weeding: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
32 0 None/No
weeding/crops not weeded
1 1 Crop
weeded once
2 2 Crop
weeded twice
4 3 Crop
weeded three times
3 4 Weeding,
but not extensively, no data on # times
8 5 Extensive
weeding, no data on # times
7 6 Weeding,
no data on extent or # times
129 NA NA
v1457. Crop Supervision: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=62; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
32 0 No
agriculture
20 1 Crops
supervised from homestead
10 2 Distant
crops supervised, e.g. huts built in fields
124 NA NA
v1458. Planting Techniques: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=56; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
28 0 No
agriculture
2 1 Seeds
broadcast
12 2 Seeds
planted by hand/manually
2 3 Seedlings
transplanted
11 4 Cuttings
planted
1 5 2
and 3 above
130 NA NA
v1459. Shortest Length of Fallow: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=49; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
28 0 No
agriculture
12 1 0
years (permanent cultivation)
1 2 2
years
1 3 3
years
1 4 4
years
2 5 5
years
2 6 6
years
1 10 10
years
1 20 20
years
137 NA NA
v1460. Soil Treatments/Sands Used: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=60; Number of unique values=2
Freq Value Description
56 0 None/Absent
4 1 Yes/Present
126 NA NA
v1461. Chemical Fertilizers Used: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=64; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
62 0 None/Absent
2 1 Yes/Present
122 NA NA
v1462. Stakes and Trellises Used: Secondary Crop
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
48 0 None/Absent
4 1 Yes/Present
134 NA NA
v1463. Adults Herd Small Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=44; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
27 0 Activity
not present
7 1 Men
Only
3 2 Men
Predominant
5 5 Women
Only
1 6 Not
an Adult Task
1 10 Slaves
Only
142 NA NA
v1464. Adults Care for Small Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=56; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
26 0 Activity
not present
3 1 Men
Only
3 2 Men
Predominant
5 3 Men
and Women Equal
6 4 Women
Predominant
12 5 Women
Only
1 6 Not
an Adult Task
130 NA NA
v1465. Children Herd Small Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=47; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
27 0 Activity
not present
7 1 Boys
Only
5 2 Boys
Predominant
2 3 Boys
and Girls Equal
3 5 Girls
Only
1 7 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
2 8 Boys,
No Data on Girls
139 NA NA
v1466. Children Care for Small Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=48; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
26 0 Activity
not present
4 1 Boys
Only
4 2 Boys
Predominant
2 3 Boys
and Girls Equal
3 4 Girls
Predominant
5 5 Girls
Only
2 7 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
2 8 Boys,
No Data on Girls
138 NA NA
v1467. Children under 6 Herd Small Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
35 0 Children
this age do not do task
2 1 Boys
this age
2 6 Boys
this age, No Data on Girls
147 NA NA
v1468. Children 6 to 10 Herd Small Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
26 0 Children
this age do not do task
7 1 Boys
this age
1 2 Girls
this age
4 3 Boys
and Girls this age
3 6 Boys
this age, No Data on Girls
145 NA NA
v1469. Children over 10 Herd Small Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
26 0 Children
this age do not do task
6 1 Boys
this age
2 2 Girls
this age
4 3 Boys
and Girls this age
3 6 Boys
this age, No Data on Girls
145 NA NA
v1470. Children under 10 Care for Small Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
37 0 Children
this age do not do task
1 1 Boys
this age
1 2 Girls
this age
2 6 Boys
this age, No Data on Girls
145 NA NA
v1471. Children 6 to 10 Care for Small Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
27 0 Children
this age do not do task
2 1 Boys
this age
2 2 Girls
this age
8 3 Boys
and Girls this age
2 6 Boys
this age, No Data on Girls
145 NA NA
v1472. Children over 10 Care for Small Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
26 0 Children
this age do not do task
4 1 Boys
this age
4 2 Girls
this age
5 3 Boys
and Girls this age
2 6 Boys
this age, No Data on Girls
145 NA NA
v1473. Product Use of Small Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=48; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
25 0 None
(e.g., activity not present)
16 2 Product
consumer is household or community
5 4 Household
and wage labor or product sold
2 5 1
and 2 above
138 NA NA
v1474. Children Herd Small Animals Alone { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=35; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
25 0 None
(e.g., activity not present)
2 1 Yes,
children do this
8 2 No,
children do not do this
151 NA NA
v1475. Children Herd Small Animals with Children
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=35; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
25 0 None
(e.g., activity not present) (codes not ordered)
9 1 Yes,
children do this
1 2 No,
children do not do this
151 NA NA
v1476. Children Herd Small Animals with Adults { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=36; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
25 0 None
(e.g., activity not present)
8 1 Yes,
children do this
3 2 No,
children do not do this
150 NA NA
v1477. Children Care for Small Animals Alone { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=34; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
25 0 None
(e.g., activity not present)
1 1 Yes,
children do this
8 2 No,
children do not do this
152 NA NA
v1478. Children Care for Small Animals with Children { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=34; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
25 0 None
(e.g., activity not present)
5 1 Yes,
children do this
4 2 No,
children do not do this
152 NA NA
v1479. Children Care for Small Animals with Adults { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=35; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
25 0 None
(e.g., activity not present)
9 1 Yes,
children do this
1 2 No,
children do not do this
151 NA NA
v1480. Importance of Boy Herding Small Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
26 0 Boys
do not do this task
9 1 The
most important task for boys
4 2 Boys
commonly do the task, but not their most important
147 NA NA
v1481. Importance of Girl Herding Small Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=37; Number of unique values=3
Freq Value Description
30 0 Girls
do not do this task
6 2 Girls
commonly do the task, but not their most important
1 3 Girls
rarely do, or usually done by boys
149 NA NA
v1482. Importance of Boy Care for Small Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=36; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
28 0 Boys
do not do this task
1 1 The
most important task for boys
6 2 Boys
commonly do the task, but not their most important
1 3 Boys
rarely do, or usually done by girls
150 NA NA
v1483. Importance of Girl Care for Small Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=37; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
26 0 Girls
do not do this task
11 2 Girls
commonly do the task, but not their most important
149 NA NA
v1484. Adult Preference in Herding Small Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=43; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
25 0 None
(e.g.,Activity not present)
12 1 Common
or important adult task
6 2 Not
preferred by adults, considered childs task
143 NA NA
v1485. Adult Preference in Caring for Small Animals { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=47; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
25 0 None
(e.g.,Activity not present)
19 1 Common
or important adult task
3 2 Not
preferred by adults, considered childs task
139 NA NA
v1486. Goats Present
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=78; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
51 0 Absent
27 2 Present,
important
108 NA NA
v1487. Sheep Present
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=78; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
52 0 Absent
26 2 Present,
important
108 NA NA
v1488. Pigs Present
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=78; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
50 0 Absent
2 1 Present,
minor
26 2 Present,
important
108 NA NA
v1489. Rabbits and Guinea Pigs Present
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=78; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
50 0 Absent
2 1 Present,
minor
26 2 Present,
important
108 NA NA
v1490. Sled and Pack Dogs Present
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=78; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
74 0 Absent
4 2 Present,
important
108 NA NA
v1491. Adults Herd Large Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=58; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
29 0 Activity
not present
16 1 Men
Only
9 2 Men
Predominant
1 3 Men
and Women Equal
1 5 Women
Only
1 6 Not
an Adult Task
1 8 Men,
No Data on Women
128 NA NA
v1492. Adults Care for Large Animals
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=60; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
28 0 Activity
not present
7 1 Men
Only
11 2 Men
Predominant
6 3 Men
and Women Equal
5 4 Women
Predominant
1 5 Women
Only
1 8 Men,
No Data on Women
1 9 Women,
No Data on Men
126 NA NA
v1493. Children Herd Large Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=61; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
28 0 Activity
not present
17 1 Boys
Only
11 2 Boys
Predominant
1 3 Boys
and Girls Equal
3 7 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
1 8 Boys,
No Data on Girls
125 NA NA
v1494. Children Care for Large Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=59; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
28 0 Activity
not present
10 1 Boys
Only
12 2 Boys
Predominant
1 3 Boys
and Girls Equal
2 4 Girls
Predominant
1 5 Girls
Only
3 7 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
2 8 Boys,
No Data on Girls
127 NA NA
v1495. Children under 6 Herd Large Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=54; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
52 0 Children
this age do not do task
2 1 Boys
this age
132 NA NA
v1496. Children 6 to 10 Herd Large Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=54; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
37 0 Children
this age do not do task
8 1 Boys
this age
6 3 Boys
and Girls this age
3 6 Boys
this age, No Data on Girls
132 NA NA
v1497. Children over 10 Herd Large Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=55; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
29 0 Children
this age do not do task
17 1 Boys
this age
6 3 Boys
and Girls this age
3 6 Boys
this age, No Data on Girls
131 NA NA
v1498. Children under 6 Care for Large Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
51 0 Children
this age do not do task
1 1 Boys
this age
1 2 Girls
this age
133 NA NA
v1499. Children 6 to 10 Care for Large Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
34 0 Children
this age do not do task
7 1 Boys
this age
1 2 Girls
this age
10 3 Boys
and Girls this age
1 6 Boys
this age, No Data on Girls
133 NA NA
v1500. Children over 10 Care for Large Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
28 0 Children
this age do not do task
13 1 Boys
this age
2 2 Girls
this age
9 3 Boys
and Girls this age
1 6 Boys
this age, No Data on Girls
133 NA NA
v1501. Product Use of Large Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=56; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
28 0 None
(e.g., activity not present)
19 2 Product
consumer is household or community
7 4 Household
and wage labor or product sold
2 5 1
and 2 above
130 NA NA
v1502. Children Herd Large Animals Alone { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=48; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
28 0 None
(e.g., activity not present)
5 1 Yes,
children do this
15 2 No,
children do not do this
138 NA NA
v1503. Children Herd Large Animals with Children
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=48; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
28 0 None
(e.g., activity not present) (codes not ordered)
17 1 Yes,
children do this
3 2 No,
children do not do this
138 NA NA
v1504. Children Herd Large Animals with Adults
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=48; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
28 0 None
(e.g., activity not present)
16 1 Yes,
children do this
4 2 No,
children do not do this
138 NA NA
v1505. Children Care for Large Animals Alone { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=45; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
28 0 None
(e.g., activity not present)
3 1 Yes,
children do this
14 2 No,
children do not do this
141 NA NA
v1506. Children Care for Large Animals with Children { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=45; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
28 0 None
(e.g., activity not present)
14 1 Yes,
children do this
3 2 No,
children do not do this
141 NA NA
v1507. Children Care for Large Animals with Adults { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=45; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
28 0 None
(e.g., activity not present)
15 1 Yes,
children do this
2 2 No,
children do not do this
141 NA NA
v1508. Importance of Boy Herding Large Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=50; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
28 0 Boys
do not do this task
16 1 The
most important task for boys
5 2 Boys
commonly do the task, but not their most important
1 3 Boys
rarely do, or usually done by girls
136 NA NA
v1509. Importance of Girl Herding Large Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=48; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
39 0 Girls
do not do this task
1 1 The
most important task for girls
5 2 Girls
commonly do the task, but not their most important
3 3 Girls
rarely do, or usually done by boys
138 NA NA
v1510. Importance of Boy Care for Large Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=42; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
29 0 Boys
do not do this task
6 1 The
most important task for boys
5 2 Boys
commonly do the task, but not their most important
2 3 Boys
rarely do, or usually done by girls
144 NA NA
v1511. Importance of Girl Care for Large Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=42; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
33 0 Girls
do not do this task
2 1 The
most important task for girls
5 2 Girls
commonly do the task, but not their most important
2 3 Girls
rarely do, or usually done by boys
144 NA NA
v1512. Adult Preference in Herding Large Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=54; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
28 0 None
(e.g.,Activity not present)
19 1 Common
or important adult task
7 2 Not
preferred by adults, considered childs task
132 NA NA
v1513. Adult Preference in Caring for Large Animals { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
28 0 None
(e.g.,Activity not present)
22 1 Common
or important adult task
2 2 Not
preferred by adults, considered childs task
134 NA NA
v1514. Cattle Present
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=77; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
42 0 Absent
3 1 Present,
minor
32 2 Present,
important
109 NA NA
v1515. Horses Present
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=76; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
52 0 Absent
2 1 Present,
minor
22 2 Present,
important
110 NA NA
v1516. Donkeys/Mules Present
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=77; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
61 0 Absent
16 2 Present,
important
109 NA NA
v1517. Camels Present
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=77; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
72 0 Absent
5 2 Present,
important
109 NA NA
v1518. Reindeer Present
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=77; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
75 0 Absent
2 2 Present,
important
109 NA NA
v1519. Yaks Present
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=77; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
75 0 Absent
2 2 Present,
important
109 NA NA
v1520. Buffalo Present
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=77; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
74 0 Absent
3 2 Present,
important
109 NA NA
v1521. Llama Present
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=77; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
76 0 Absent
1 2 Present,
important
109 NA NA
v1522. Adults Do Wage Labor { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
14 0 Activity
not present
17 1 Men
Only
10 2 Men
Predominant
7 3 Men
and Women Equal
1 4 Women
Predominant
8 8 Men,
No Data on Women
129 NA NA
v1523. Children Do Wage Labor { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=38; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
14 0 Activity
not present
10 1 Boys
Only
5 2 Boys
Predominant
1 3 Boys
and Girls Equal
8 6 Not
a Childs Task
148 NA NA
v1524. Children under 6 Do Wage Labor { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=16; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
14 0 Children
this age do not do task
2 4 Not
a Childs Task
170 NA NA
v1525. Children 6 to 10 Do Wage Labor { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=17; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
14 0 Children
this age do not do task
1 1 Boys
this age
2 4 Not
a Childs Task
169 NA NA
v1526. Children over 10 Do Wage Labor { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=24; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
14 0 Children
this age do not do task
6 1 Boys
this age
2 3 Boys
and Girls this age
1 4 Not
a Childs Task
1 6 Boys
this age, No Data on Girls
162 NA NA
v1527. Who Controls the Earnings of Wage Labor? { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=25; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
14 0 None
7 1 Child
2 2 Parents
2 4 Child
and Parents
161 NA NA
v1528. Children Do Wage Labor Alone { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=16; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
14 0 Activity
not present
1 1 Yes,
Children do this
1 2 No,
Children do not do this
170 NA NA
v1529. Children Do Wage Labor with Children { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=16; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
14 0 Activity
not present
2 2 No,
Children do not do this
170 NA NA
v1530. Children Do Wage Labor with Adults { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=16; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
14 0 Activity
not present
1 1 Yes,
Children do this
1 2 No,
Children do not do this
170 NA NA
v1531. Importance of Boy Doing Wage Labor { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=21; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
14 0 Boys
do not do this task
1 1 The
most important task for boys
4 2 Boys
commonly do the task, but not their most important
2 3 Boys
rarely do, or usually done by girls
165 NA NA
v1532. Importance of Girl Doing Wage Labor { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=16; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
14 0 Girls
do not do this task
1 2 Girls
commonly do the task, but not their most important
1 3 Girls
rarely do, or usually done by boys
170 NA NA
v1533. Adult Preference Wage Labor { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=35; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
14 0 None
(e.g.,Activity not present)
18 1 Common
or important adult task
2 2 Not
preferred by adults, considered childs task
1 3 Usually
adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent
151 NA NA
v1534. Adults Trade { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=48; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
2 0 Activity
not present
8 1 Men
Only
5 2 Men
Predominant
22 3 Men
and Women Equal
5 4 Women
Predominant
2 5 Women
Only
4 9 Women,
No Data on Men
138 NA NA
v1535. Children Trade { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=30; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
2 0 Activity
not present
4 1 Boys
Only
1 2 Boys
Predominant
3 3 Boys
and Girls Equal
4 5 Girls
Only
14 6 Not
a Childs Task
2 7 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
156 NA NA
v1536. Children under 6 Trade { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=6; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
2 0 Children
this age do not do task
1 2 Girls
this age
3 4 Not
a Childs Task
180 NA NA
v1537. Children 6 to 10 Trade { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=10; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
2 0 Children
this age do not do task
5 2 Girls
this age
3 4 Not
a Childs Task
176 NA NA
v1538. Children over 10 Trade { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=16; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
2 0 Children
this age do not do task
4 1 Boys
this age
4 2 Girls
this age
3 3 Boys
and Girls this age
3 4 Not
a Childs Task
170 NA NA
v1539. Who Controls the Cash from Trade? { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=13; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
3 0 None
7 1 Child
1 2 Parents
2 4 Child
and Parents
173 NA NA
v1540. Children Trade Alone { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=10; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
3 0 Activity
not present
4 1 Yes,
Children do this
3 2 No,
Children do not do this
176 NA NA
v1541. Children Trade alongside Other Children { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=10; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
3 0 Activity
not present
7 2 No,
Children do not do this
176 NA NA
v1542. Children Trade alongside Adults { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=10; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
3 0 Activity
not present
5 1 Yes,
Children do this
2 2 No,
Children do not do this
176 NA NA
v1543. Importance of Boy Trading { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=10; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
3 0 Boys
do not do this task
7 2 Boys
commonly do the task, but not their most important
176 NA NA
v1544. Importance of Girl Trading { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=10; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
3 0 Girls
do not do this task
7 2 Girls
commonly do the task, but not their most important
176 NA NA
v1545. Adult Preference in Trade { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=35; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
2 0 None
(e.g.,Activity not present)
33 1 Common
or important adult task
151 NA NA
v1546. Adults Gather { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
11 0 Activity
not present
4 3 Men
and Women Equal
9 4 Women
Predominant
26 5 Women
Only
1 7 Adult
Task, No Data on Sex
1 8 Men,
No Data on Women
1 9 Women,
No Data on Men
133 NA NA
v1547. Children Gather { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=35; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
11 0 Activity
not present
1 1 Boys
Only
1 2 Boys
Predominant
4 3 Boys
and Girls Equal
5 4 Girls
Predominant
9 5 Girls
Only
3 7 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
1 9 Girls,
No Data on Boys
151 NA NA
v1548. Children under 6 Gather { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=13; Number of unique values=3
Freq Value Description
11 0 Children
this age do not do task
1 2 Girls
this age
1 3 Boys
and Girls this age
173 NA NA
v1549. Children 6 to 10 Gather { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=24; Number of unique values=6
Freq Value Description
11 0 Children
this age do not do task
1 1 Boys
this age
4 2 Girls
this age
5 3 Boys
and Girls this age
1 6 Boys
this age, No Data on Girls
2 7 Girls
this age, No Data on Boys
162 NA NA
v1550. Children over 10 Gather { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=27; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
11 0 Children
this age do not do task
2 1 Boys
this age
7 2 Girls
this age
4 3 Boys
and Girls this age
1 4 Not
a Childs Task
2 7 Girls
this age, No Data on Boys
159 NA NA
v1551. Who Controls the Products of Gathering? { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=30; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
11 0 None
(e.g., activity not present)
12 2 Product
consumer is household or community
7 5 1
and 2 above
156 NA NA
v1552. Children Gather Alone { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=28; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
11 0 Activity
not present
17 2 No,
Children do not do this
158 NA NA
v1553. Children Gather with Children { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=28; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
11 0 Activity
not present
5 1 Yes,
Children do this
12 2 No,
Children do not do this
158 NA NA
v1554. Children Gather with Adults { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=28; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
11 0 Activity
not present
15 1 Yes,
Children do this
2 2 No,
Children do not do this
158 NA NA
v1555. Importance of Boy Gathering { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=22; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
11 0 Boys
do not do this task
7 2 Boys
commonly do the task, but not their most important
4 3 Boys
rarely do, or usually done by girls
164 NA NA
v1556. Importance of Girl Gathering { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=26; Number of unique values=3
Freq Value Description
11 0 Girls
do not do this task
14 2 Girls
commonly do the task, but not their most important
1 3 Girls
rarely do, or usually done by boys
160 NA NA
v1557. Adult Preference Gathering { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=47; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
11 0 None
(e.g.,Activity not present)
36 1 Common
or important adult task
139 NA NA
v1592. Adults Cook { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=76; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
1 2 Men
Predominant
1 3 Men
and Women Equal
25 4 Women
Predominant
44 5 Women
Only
5 9 Women,
No Data on Men
110 NA NA
v1593. Children Cook { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=50; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
1 2 Boys
Predominant
2 3 Boys
and Girls Equal
12 4 Girls
Predominant
31 5 Girls
Only
2 6 Not
a Childs Task
1 7 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
1 9 Girls,
No Data on Boys
136 NA NA
v1594. Children under 6 Cook { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=6; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
3 2 Girls
this age
1 3 Boys
and Girls this age
2 4 Not
a Childs Task
180 NA NA
v1595. Children 6 to 10 Cook { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=27; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
17 2 Girls
this age
7 3 Boys
and Girls this age
2 4 Not
a Childs Task
1 7 Girls
this age, No Data on Boys
159 NA NA
v1596. Children over 10 Cook { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=33; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
1 1 Boys
this age
21 2 Girls
this age
8 3 Boys
and Girls this age
2 4 Not
a Childs Task
1 7 Girls
this age, No Data on Boys
153 NA NA
v1597. Who Controls the Products of Cooking? { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
1 3 Wage
labor/Product sold
37 5 1
and 2 above
1 6 All
147 NA NA
v1598. Children Cook Alone { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=24; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
2 1 Yes,
Children do this
22 2 No,
Children do not do this
162 NA NA
v1599. Children Cook with Children { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=24; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
5 1 Yes,
Children do this
19 2 No,
Children do not do this
162 NA NA
v1600. Children Cook with Adults { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=24; Number of unique
values=1
Freq Value Description
24 1 Yes,
Children do this
162 NA NA
v1601. Importance of Boy Cooking { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=10; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
5 2 Boys
commonly do the task, but not their most important
5 3 Boys
rarely do, or usually done by girls
176 NA NA
v1602. Importance of Girl Cooking { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=38; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
1 1 The
most important task for Girls
37 2 Girls
commonly do the task, but not their most important
148 NA NA
v1603. Adult Preference Cooking { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=67; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
66 1 Common
or important adult task
1 2 Not
preferred by adults, considered childs task
119 NA NA
v1604. Adults Tend Fires { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=30; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
4 3 Men
and Women Equal
6 4 Women
Predominant
15 5 Women
Only
2 8 Men,
No Data on Women
3 9 Women,
No Data on Men
156 NA NA
v1605. Children Tend Fires { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=14; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
1 3 Boys
and Girls Equal
3 4 Girls
Predominant
4 5 Girls
Only
3 7 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
3 9 Girls,
No Data on Boys
172 NA NA
v1606. Children under 6 Tend Fires { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=0; Number of unique
values=0
Freq Value Description
186 NA NA
v1607. Children 6 to 10 Tend Fires { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=7; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
4 2 Girls
this age
2 3 Boys
and Girls this age
1 7 Girls
this age, No Data on Boys
179 NA NA
v1608. Children over 10 Tend Fires { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=8; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
1 1 Boys
this age
4 2 Girls
this age
2 5 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
1 7 Girls
this age, No Data on Boys
178 NA NA
v1609. Children Tend Fires Alone { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=4; Number of unique
values=1
Freq Value Description
4 2 No,
Children do not do this
182 NA NA
v1610. Children Tend Fires along with Other Children { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=4; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
1 1 Yes,
Children do this
3 2 No,
Children do not do this
182 NA NA
v1611. Children Tend Fires with Adults { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=4; Number of unique
values=1
Freq Value Description
4 1 Yes,
Children do this
182 NA NA
v1612. Importance of Boy Tending Fires { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=5; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
3 2 Boys
commonly do the task, but not their most important
2 3 Boys
rarely do, or usually done by girls
181 NA NA
v1613. Importance of Girl Tending Fires { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=8; Number of unique
values=1
Freq Value Description
8 2 Girls
commonly do the task, but not their most important
178 NA NA
v1614. Adult Preference in Tending Fires
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=19; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
18 1 Common
or important adult task
1 2 Not
preferred by adults, considered childs task
167 NA NA
v1615. Adults Gather Fuel { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=51; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
5 2 Men
Predominant
2 3 Men
and Women Equal
13 4 Women
Predominant
27 5 Women
Only
1 8 Men,
No Data on Women
3 9 Women,
No Data on Men
135 NA NA
v1616. Children Gather Fuel { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=48; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
2 1 Boys
Only
4 2 Boys
Predominant
5 3 Boys
and Girls Equal
6 4 Girls
Predominant
21 5 Girls
Only
7 7 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
1 8 Boys,
No Data on Girls
2 9 Girls,
No Data on Boys
138 NA NA
v1617. Children under 6 Gather Fuel { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=6; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
1 1 Boys
this age
2 2 Girls
this age
2 3 Boys
and Girls this age
1 7 Girls
this age, No Data on Boys
180 NA NA
v1618. Children 6 to 10 Gather Fuel { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=22; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
9 2 Girls
this age
8 3 Boys
and Girls this age
1 5 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
1 6 Boys
this age, No Data on Girls
3 7 Girls
this age, No Data on Boys
164 NA NA
v1619. Children over 10 Gather Fuel { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=22; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
1 1 Boys
this age
10 2 Girls
this age
7 3 Boys
and Girls this age
1 6 Boys
this age, No Data on Girls
3 7 Girls
this age, No Data on Boys
164 NA NA
v1620. Children Gather Fuel Alone { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=13; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
3 1 Yes,
Children do this
10 2 No,
Children do not do this
173 NA NA
v1621. Children Gather Fuel with Children { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=14; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
4 1 Yes,
Children do this
10 2 No,
Children do not do this
172 NA NA
v1622. Children Gather Fuel with Adults { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=13; Number of unique values=1
Freq Value Description
13 1 Yes,
Children do this
173 NA NA
v1623. Importance of Boy Gathering Fuel { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=14; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
10 2 Boys
commonly do the task, but not their most important
4 3 Boys
rarely do, or usually done by girls
172 NA NA
v1624. Importance of Girl Gathering Fuel { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=28; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
1 1 The
most important task for Girls
26 2 Girls
commonly do the task, but not their most important
1 3 Girls
rarely do, or usually done by boys
158 NA NA
v1625. Adult Preference Fuel Gathering { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
36 1 Common
or important adult task
3 2 Not
preferred by adults, considered childs task
2 3 Usually
adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent
145 NA NA
v1626. Adults Carry Burdens { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=51; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
1 0 Activity
not present
2 1 Men
Only
5 2 Men
Predominant
9 3 Men
and Women Equal
15 4 Women
Predominant
7 5 Women
Only
2 8 Men,
No Data on Women
10 9 Women,
No Data on Men
135 NA NA
v1627. Children Carry Burdens { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=25; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
1 0 Activity
not present
1 1 Boys
Only
1 2 Boys
Predominant
6 3 Boys
and Girls Equal
3 4 Girls
Predominant
5 5 Girls
Only
1 6 Not
a Childs Task
4 7 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
1 8 Boys,
No Data on Girls
2 9 Girls,
No Data on Boys
161 NA NA
v1628. Children under 6 Carry Burdens { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=4; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
1 0 Children
this age do not do task
1 3 Boys
and Girls this age
2 7 Girls
this age, No Data on Boys
182 NA NA
v1629. Children 6 to 10 Carry Burdens { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=5; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
1 0 Children
this age do not do task
3 3 Boys
and Girls this age
1 7 Girls
this age, No Data on Boys
181 NA NA
v1630. Children over 10 Carry Burdens { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=9; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
1 0 Children
this age do not do task
1 1 Boys
this age
2 2 Girls
this age
3 3 Boys
and Girls this age
1 6 Boys
this age, No Data on Girls
1 7 Girls
this age, No Data on Boys
177 NA NA
v1631. Children Carry Burdens Alone { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=6; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
1 0 Activity
not present
1 1 Yes,
Children do this
4 2 No,
Children do not do this
180 NA NA
v1632. Children Carry Burdens along with Other Children { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=6; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
1 0 Activity
not present
2 1 Yes,
Children do this
3 2 No,
Children do not do this
180 NA NA
v1633. Children Carry Burdens with Adults { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=6; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
1 0 Activity
not present
5 1 Yes,
Children do this
180 NA NA
v1634. Importance of Boy Carrying Burdens { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=6; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
1 0 Boys
do not do this task
4 2 Boys
commonly do the task, but not their most important
1 3 Boys
rarely do, or usually done by girls
180 NA NA
v1635. Importance of Girl Carrying Burdens { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=12; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
1 0 Girls
do not do this task
11 2 Girls
commonly do the task, but not their most important
174 NA NA
v1636. Adult Preference in Carrying Burdens { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=28; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
1 0 None
(e.g.,Activity not present)
26 1 Common
or important adult task
1 2 Not
preferred by adults, considered childs task
158 NA NA
v1637. Adults Carry Water { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=51; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
2 0 Activity
not present
1 2 Men
Predominant
2 3 Men
and Women Equal
5 4 Women
Predominant
39 5 Women
Only
2 9 Women,
No Data on Men
135 NA NA
v1638. Children Carry Water { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=49; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
2 0 Activity
not present
1 1 Boys
Only
3 3 Boys
and Girls Equal
10 4 Girls
Predominant
26 5 Girls
Only
5 7 Child
Task, no Data on Sex
1 8 Boys,
No Data on Girls
1 9 Girls,
No Data on Boys
137 NA NA
v1639. Children under 6 Carry Water { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=6; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
2 0 Children
this age do not do task
4 2 Girls
this age
180 NA NA
v1640. Children 6 to 10 Carry Water { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=30; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
2 0 Children
this age do not do task
16 2 Girls
this age
9 3 Boys
and Girls this age
1 6 Boys
this age, No Data on Girls
2 7 Girls
this age, No Data on Boys
156 NA NA
v1641. Children over 10 Carry Water
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=32; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
2 0 Children
this age do not do task
1 1 Boys
this age
20 2 Girls
this age
6 3 Boys
and Girls this age
1 6 Boys
this age, No Data on Girls
2 7 Girls
this age, No Data on Boys
154 NA NA
v1642. Children Carry Water Alone { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=14; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
2 0 Activity
not present
1 1 Yes,
Children do this
11 2 No,
Children do not do this
172 NA NA
v1643. Children Carry Water along with Other Children { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=15; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
2 0 Activity
not present
8 1 Yes,
Children do this
5 2 No,
Children do not do this
171 NA NA
v1644. Children Carry Water with Adults { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=14; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
2 0 Activity
not present
9 1 Yes,
Children do this
3 2 No,
Children do not do this
172 NA NA
v1645. Importance of Boy Carrying Water { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=14; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
2 0 Boys
do not do this task
7 2 Boys
commonly do the task, but not their most important
5 3 Boys
rarely do, or usually done by girls
172 NA NA
v1646. Importance of Girl Carrying Water { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=31; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
2 0 Girls
do not do this task
2 1 The
most important task for Girls
27 2 Girls
commonly do the task, but not their most important
155 NA NA
v1647. Adult Preference in Carrying Water { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=38; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
2 0 None
(e.g.,Activity not present)
31 1 Common
or important adult task
4 2 Not
preferred by adults, considered childs task
1 3 Usually
adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent
148 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Ember, Carol R. and Melvin Ember. 1992. Codebook for "Warfare,
Aggression, and Resource Problems: Cross-Cultural Codes". Behavior Science
Research; Vol 26:
v1648. Overall Frequency of Warfare (Resolved Rating) { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique
values=18
Freq Value Description
39 1 Warfare
seems to be absent or rare (original code 1)
2 2 original
code 1.25
5 3 original
code 1.5
1 4 original
code 1.625
2 5 original
code 1.75
9 6 Warfare
seems to occur once every 3 to 10 years (original code 2)
3 7 original
code 2.25
6 8 original
code 2.5
4 9 original
code 2.75
4 10 Warfare
seems to occur at least once every 2 years (original code 3)
4 11 original
code 3.25
9 12 original
code 3.5
5 13 original
code 3.75
5 14 Warfare
seems to occur every year, but usually only during a particular season
(original code 4)
1 15 original
code 4.25
12 16 original
code 4.5
5 17 original
code 4.75
44 18 Warfare
seems to occur almost constantly and at any time of the year (original code
5)
26 NA NA
v1649. Frequency of Internal Warfare (Resolved Rating) { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=152; Number of unique values=17
Freq Value Description
60 1 Internal
warfare seems to be absent or rare (original code 1)
4 2 original
code 1.25
5 3 original
code 1.5
4 4 original
code 1.75
7 5 Internal
warfare seems to occur once every 3 to 10 years (original code 2)
3 6 original
code 2.25
5 7 original
code 2.5
2 8 original
code 2.75
4 9 Internal
warfare seems to occur once every 2 years (original code 3)
3 10 original
code 3.25
6 11 original
code 3.5
2 12 original
code 3.75
8 13 Internal
warfare seems to occur every year, but usually only during a particular season
(original code 4)
1 14 original
code 4.25
10 15 original
code 4.5
1 16 original
code 4.75
27 17 Internal
warfare seems to occur almost constantly and at any time of the year (original
code 5)
34 NA NA
v1650. Frequency of External Warfare (Resolved Rating) { The original code
contained values 1 through 5 and was used in a number of published studies
(Ember and Ember 1992b; Ember et al. 1992; Ember and Ember 1994). The code was
subsequently revised to values between 1 and 17 by Carol Ember, Melvin Ember,
and J. Patrick Gray (Carol Ember, personal communication to Anthon Eff).
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=154; Number of unique
values=17
Freq Value Description
52 1 External
warfare seems to be absent or rare (original code 1)
2 2 original
code 1.25
8 3 original
code 1.5
1 4 original
code 1.75
10 5 External
warfare seems to occur once every 3 to 10 years (original code 2)
3 6 original
code 2.25
7 7 original
code 2.5
2 8 original
code 2.75
6 9 External
warfare seems to occur at least once every two years (original code 3)
3 10 original
code 3.25
3 11 original
code 3.5
3 12 original
code 3.75
5 13 External
warfare seems to occur every year, but usually only during a particular season
(original code 4)
1 14 original
code 4.25
7 15 original
code 4.5
4 16 original
code 4.75
37 17 External
warfare seems to occur almost constantly and at any time of the year (original
code 5)
32 NA NA
v1651. Reliability of Overall Warfare Ratings { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
11 0 No
reliability score (see Variable 1651 in for reasons)
80 1 The
different coders agree perfectly (including the situation when they both said
dont know)
21 2 The
different coders are not more than .5 point apart on the original scale
24 3 The
different coders are not more than 1 point apart on the original scale
1 4 One
of the first two coders says dont know and the other two coders would have
received a reliability score of 1, 2, or 3 if they had been the only
raters
11 5 The
coders are more than 1 point apart on the original scale, but the ratings do
not cross the dichotomy on frequency (greater than or equal to once every two
years vs. less often) that we have used in previous studies of warfare
2 6 One
coder says dont know and the two others would have received a reliability score
of 5 if they had been the only raters
31 7 Two
coders are more than 1 point apart and do not meet the condition mentioned in
reliability score 5
5 8 One
rater says dont know and does not meet the conditions specified in reliability
scores 4 or 6
v1652. Reliability of Internal Warfare Ratings { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
12 0 No
reliability score (see Variable 1651 in for reasons)
84 1 The
different coders agree perfectly (including the situation when they both said
dont know)
11 2 The
different coders are not more than .5 point apart on the original scale
19 3 The
different coders are not more than 1 point apart on the original scale
7 4 One
of the first two coders says dont know and the other two coders would have
received a reliability score of 1, 2, or 3 if they had been the only raters
6 5 The
coders are more than 1 point apart on the original scale, but the ratings do
not cross the dichotomy on frequency (greater than or equal to once every two
years vs. less often) that we have used in previous studies of warfare
2 6 One
coder says dont know and the two others would have received a reliability score
of 5 if they had been the only raters
35 7 Two
coders are more than 1 point apart and do not meet the condition mentioned in
reliability score 5
10 8 One
rater says dont know and does not meet the conditions specified in reliability
scores 4 or 6
v1653. Reliability of External Warfare Ratings { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
14 0 No
reliability score (see Variable 1651 in 78.REL for reasons)
84 1 The
different coders agree perfectly (including the situation when they both said
dont know)
13 2 The
different coders are not more than .5 point apart
20 3 The
different coders are not more than 1 point apart
4 4 One
of the first two coders says dont know and the other two coders would have
received a reliability score of 1, 2, or 3 if they had been the only
raters
11 5 The
coders are more than 1 point apart, but the ratings do not cross the dichotomy
on frequency (greater than or equal to once every two years vs. less often)
that we have used in previous studies of warfare
3 6 One
coder says dont know and the two others would have received a reliability score
of 5 if they had been the only raters
23 7 Two
coders are more than 1 point apart and do not meet the condition mentioned in
reliability score 5
14 8 One
rater says dont know and does not meet the conditions specified in reliability
scores 4 or 6
v1654. Pacification
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=154; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
73 1 Not
pacified for all or part of the twenty-five-year time period (as reported by
ethnographer)
41 2 Inferred
to be unpacified because warfare frequency is greater than or equal to 3
9 3 Not
completely pacified: some indication that warfare has decreased because of
pacification attempts
28 4 Pacified
before the twenty-five-year ethnographic present
3 6 The
culture is part of a state society; since the culture is not independent,
pacification cannot be judged
32 NA NA
v1655. Outcomes regarding Land in Internal Warfare { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=70; Number of unique
values=12
Freq Value Description
27 1 The
defeated are never driven from their territory (original code 1)
1 2 original
code 1.25
2 3 original
code 1.5
4 4 The
defeated are sometimes driven from their territory, and the victorious rarely
use the land of the defeated (original code 2)
3 5 original
code 2.5
16 6 The
defeated are sometimes driven from their territory, and the victorious
sometimes use the land of the defeated (original code 3)
1 7 original
code 3.75
2 8 The
defeated are usually driven from their territory, and the victorious sometimes
use the land of the defeated (original code 4)
1 9 original
code 4.5
1 10 original
code 4.75
10 11 The
defeated are usually driven from their territory, and the victorious usually
use the land of the defeated (original code 5)
2 12 Land
is taken, but apparently not used (original code 7)
116 NA NA
v1656. Outcomes regarding Land in External Warfare { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=71; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
21 1 The
defeated are never driven from their territory (original code 1)
2 2 original
code 1.5
6 3 The
defeated are sometimes driven from their territory, and the victorious rarely
use the land of the defeated (original code 2)
3 4 original
code 2.5
10 5 The
defeated are sometimes driven from their territory, and the victorious
sometimes use the land of the defeated (original code 3)
1 6 original
code 3.25
2 7 original
code 3.5
4 8 The
defeated are usually driven from their territory, and the victorious sometimes
use the land of the defeated (original code 4)
5 9 original
code 4.5
17 10 The
defeated are usually driven from their territory, and the victorious usually
use the land of the defeated (original code 5)
115 NA NA
v1657. Outcomes regarding Land in War Overall - Combined Scale Scores from Vars
1655 and 1656 { If both internal and external warfare were present, and if the
coders made a resolved rating for both types of outcomes, we used the higher
scale score of Vars 1655 or 1656 for the rating of Var 1657. If there was only
one resolved rating (between 1 and 5 on the original scale) and the other
rating was 8 ( don't know ), we used the former, but only if that score was in
the high categories (3-5); if the former scale was in the low categories (1-2),
the case was listed as uncodable in Var 1657. If there was only 1 resolved
rating between 1 and 5, and if the other rating was 9 ( not applicable ), we
used the former for Var 1657. If the case could not be coded for the above
rules, or if the scores for internal and external warfare were 8 or 9, the case
was scored as 0. (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=80; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
22 1 Original
score 1
2 2 Original
score 1.5
5 3 Original
score 2
2 4 Original
score 2.5
17 5 Original
score 3
1 6 Original
score 3.25
5 7 Original
score 4
5 8 Original
score 4.5
21 9 Original
score 5
106 NA NA
v1658. Outcomes regarding Nonland Resources in Internal Warfare { (Codes Not
Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=75; Number of unique
values=12
Freq Value Description
7 1 Nonland
resources are never taken from the defeated (original code 1)
1 2 original
code 1.25
1 3 original
code 1.75
4 4 Nonland
resources are sometimes taken from the defeated (original code 2)
2 5 original
code 2.25
4 6 original
code 2.5
1 7 original
code 2.75
3 8 Nonland
resources are usually taken from the defeated (original code 3)
1 9 original
code 3.25
12 10 original
code 3.5
1 11 original
code 3.75
38 12 Nonland
resources are always taken from the defeated (original code 4)
111 NA NA
v1659. Outcomes regarding Nonland Resources in External Warfare { (Codes Not
Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=83; Number of unique
values=11
Freq Value Description
2 1 Nonland
resources are never taken from the defeated (original code 1)
1 2 original
code 1.5
1 3 original
code 1.75
1 4 Nonland
resources are sometimes taken from the defeated (original code 2)
2 5 original
code 2.25
4 6 original
code 2.5
1 7 original
code 2.75
4 8 Nonland
resources are usually taken from the defeated (original code 3)
13 9 original
code 3.5
5 10 original
code 3.75
49 11 Nonland
resources are always taken from the defeated (original code 4)
103 NA NA
v1660. Outcomes regarding Nonland Resources in War Overall { Combined Scale
Scores from Vars 1658 and 1659 According to the Rules following This Section:
If both internal and external warfare were present, and if the coders made a
resolved rating for both types of outcomes, we used the higher scale score of
Var 1658 or 1659 for the rating of Var 1660. If there was only one resolved
rating (between 1 and 5 on the original scale) and the other rating was 8 (
don't know ), we used the former, but only if that score was in the high
categories (3-4); if the former scale was in the low categories (1-2), the case
was listed as uncodable in Var 1660. If there was only 1 resolved rating
between 1 and 5, and if the other rating was 9 ( not applicable ), we used the
former for Var 1660. If the case could not be coded for the above rules, or if
the original scores for internal and external warfare were 8 or 9, the case was
scored as 0. (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=97; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
3 1 Original
score 1
2 2 Original
score 1.75
1 3 Original
score 2
2 4 Original
score 2.25
3 5 Original
score 2.5
2 6 Original
score 2.75
3 7 Original
score 3
16 8 Original
score 3.5
4 9 Original
score 3.75
61 10 Original
score 4
89 NA NA
v1661. Reliability of Outcomes of Internal Warfare Ratings (Var. 1655) { (Codes
Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
17 0 No
reliability score (see Variable 1651 in 78.REL for reasons)
89 1 The
different coders agree perfectly (including the situation when they both said
dont know)
2 2 The
different coders are not more than .5 apart on the original scale
5 3 The
different coders are not more than 1 point apart on the original scale
11 4 One
coder says dont know or not applicable and the other two coders would have
received a reliability score of 1, 2, or 3 if they had been the only
raters
5 5 The
coders are more than 1 point apart on the original scale (from 1-5), but the
ratings do not cross the dichotomy between scores 2 and 3 on Var. 1655
12 6 One
coder says dont know or not applicable, and the two others would have received
a reliability score of 5 if they had been the only raters. Also scored as 6:
one coder said dont know and the other said not applicable
7 7 Two
coders are more than 1 point apart on the original scale and their scores are
not on one side of the dichotomy mentioned in reliability score 5
38 8 One
of the two or three raters says dont know or not applicable, and the second one
(if only two raters) assigned a score of 1-5 to the case; if there are three
raters, the other two do not meet the reliability conditions of reliability
scores 4 or 6
v1662. Reliability of Outcomes of External Warfare Ratings (Var. 1656) { (Codes
Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
18 0 No
reliability score (see Variable 1651 in 78.REL for reasons)
65 1 The
different coders agree perfectly (including the situation when they both said
dont know)
1 2 The
different coders are not more than .5 apart on the original scale
6 3 The
different coders are not more than 1 point apart on the original scale
10 4 One
coder says dont know or not applicable and the other two coders would have
received a reliability score of 1, 2, or 3 if they had been the only
raters
7 5 The
coders are more than 1 point apart on the original scale (from 1-5), but the
ratings do not cross the dichotomy between scores 2 and 3 on Var. 1656
14 6 One
coder says dont know or not applicable, and the two others would have received
a reliability score of 5 if they had been the only raters. Also scored as 6:
one coder said dont know and the other said not applicable
16 7 Two
coders are more than 1 point apart on the original scale and their scores are
not on one side of the dichotomy mentioned in reliability score 5
49 8 One
of the two or three raters says dont know or not applicable, and the second one
(if only two raters) assigned a score of 1-5 to the case; if there are three
raters, the other two do not meet the reliability conditions of reliability
scores 4 or 6
v1663. Reliability of Outcomes of Internal Warfare Ratings (Var. 1658) { (Codes
Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
18 0 No
reliability score (see Variable 1651 in for reasons)
83 1 The
different coders agree perfectly (including the situation when they both said
dont know)
3 2 The
different coders are not more than .5 apart on the original scale
15 3 The
different coders are not more than 1 point apart on the original scale
17 4 One
coder says dont know or not applicable and the other two coders would have
received a reliability score of 1, 2, or 3 if they had been the only
raters
4 5 The
coders are more than 1 point apart on the original scale (from 1-5), but the
ratings do not cross the dichotomy between scores 1 and 2 on Var. 1658
11 6 One
coder says dont know or not applicable, and the two others would have received
a reliability score of 5 if they had been the only raters. Also scored as 6:
one coder said dont know and the other said not applicable
4 7 Two
coders are more than 1 point apart on the original scale and their scores are
not on one side of the dichotomy mentioned in reliability score 5
31 8 One
of the two or three raters says dont know or not applicable, and the second one
(if only two raters) assigned a score of 1-5 to the case; if there are three
raters, the other two do not meet the reliability conditions of reliability
scores 4 or 6
v1664. Reliability of Outcomes of External Warfare Ratings (Var. 1659) { (Codes
Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
18 0 No
reliability score (see Variable 1651 in 78.REL for reasons)
79 1 The
different coders agree perfectly (including the situation when they both said
dont know)
4 2 The
different coders are not more than .5 apart on the original scale
12 3 The
different coders are not more than 1 point apart on the original scale
21 4 One
coder says dont know or not applicable and the other two coders would have
received a reliability score of 1, 2, or 3 if they had been the only
raters
3 5 The
coders are more than 1 point apart on the original scale (from 1-5), but the
ratings do not cross the dichotomy between scores 1 and 2 on Var. 1659
13 6 One
coder says dont know or not applicable, and the two others would have received
a reliability score of 5 if they had been the only raters. Also scored as 6:
one coder said dont know and the other said not applicable
36 8 One
of the two or three raters says dont know or not applicable, and the second one
(if only two raters) assigned a score of 1-5 to the case; if there are three
raters, the other two do not meet the reliability conditions of reliability
scores 4 or 6
v1665. Individual Aggression - Homicide { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=121; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
45 1 Low
(original code 1)
8 2 original
code 1.25
10 3 original
code 1.5
2 4 original
code 1.75
25 5 Moderate
(original code 2)
6 6 original
code 2.25
7 7 original
code 2.5
5 8 original
code 2.75
13 9 High
(original code 3)
65 NA NA
v1666. Individual Aggression - Assault { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=113; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
29 1 Low
(original code 1)
7 2 original
code 1.25
13 3 original
code 1.5
2 4 original
code 1.75
20 5 Moderate
(original code 2)
4 6 original
code 2.25
7 7 original
code 2.5
6 8 original
code 2.75
25 9 High
(original code 3)
73 NA NA
v1667. Individual Aggression - Theft { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=112; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
37 1 Low
(original code 1)
4 2 original
code 1.25
14 3 original
code 1.5
2 4 original
code 1.75
21 5 Moderate
(original code 2)
1 6 original
code 2.25
8 7 original
code 2.5
2 8 original
code 2.75
23 9 High
(original code 3)
74 NA NA
v1668. Individual Aggression - Trespass { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=54; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
21 1 Low
(original code 1)
1 2 original
code 1.25
9 3 original
code 1.5
1 4 original
code 1.75
10 5 Moderate
(original code 2)
2 7 original
code 2.5
1 8 original
code 2.75
9 9 High
(original code 3)
132 NA NA
v1669. Individual Aggression - Suicide (Resolved Ratings) { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=87; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
46 1 Low
(original code 1)
1 2 original
code 1.25
5 3 original
code 1.5
3 4 original
code 1.75
19 5 Moderate
(original code 2)
7 7 original
code 2.5
6 9 High
(original code 3)
99 NA NA
v1670. Reliability of Individual Aggression Ratings-homicide (Var. 1665) {
(Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
14 0 No
reliability score (see Variable 1651 in 78.REL for reasons)
81 1 The
different coders agree perfectly (including the situation when they both said
dont know)
12 2 The
different coders are not more than .5 apart on the original scale
15 3 The
different coders are not more than 1 point apart on the original scale
14 4 One
coder says dont know or not applicable and the other two coders would have
received a reliability score of 1, 2, or 3 if they had been the only
raters
11 7 Two
coders are more than 1 point apart on the original scale
39 8 One
of the two or three raters says dont know or not applicable, and the second one
(if only two raters) assigned a score of 1-3 to the case; if there are three
raters, the other two do not meet the reliability conditions of reliability
score 4
v1671. Reliability of Individual Aggression Ratings-assault (Var. 1666) {
(Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
14 0 No
reliability score (see Variable 1651 in 78.REL for reasons)
81 1 The
different coders agree perfectly (including the situation when they both said
dont know)
17 2 The
different coders are not more than .5 apart on the original scale
26 3 The
different coders are not more than 1 point apart on the original scale
9 4 One
coder says dont know or not applicable and the other two coders would have
received a reliability score of 1, 2, or 3 if they had been the only
raters
9 7 Two
coders are more than 1 point apart on the original scale
30 8 One
of the two or three raters says dont know or not applicable, and the second one
(if only two raters) assigned a score of 1-3 to the case; if there are three
raters, the other two do not meet the reliability conditions of reliability
score 4
v1672. Reliability of Individual Aggression Ratings-theft (Var. 1667) { (Codes
Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
14 0 No
reliability score (see Variable 1651 in 78.REL for reasons)
93 1 The
different coders agree perfectly (including the situation when they both said
dont know)
6 2 The
different coders are not more than .5 apart on the original scale
21 3 The
different coders are not more than 1 point apart on the original scale
7 4 One
coder says dont know or not applicable and the other two coders would have
received a reliability score of 1, 2, or 3 if they had been the only raters
17 7 Two
coders are more than 1 point apart on the original scale
28 8 One
of the two or three raters says dont know or not applicable, and the second one
(if only two raters) assigned a score of 1-3 to the case; if there are three
raters, the other two do not meet the reliability conditions of reliability
score 4
v1673. Reliability of Individual Aggression Ratings-trespass (Var. 1668) {
(Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
35 0 No
reliability score (see Variable 1651 in 78.REL for reasons)
80 1 The
different coders agree perfectly (including the situation when they both said
dont know)
1 2 The
different coders are not more than .5 apart on the original scale
7 3 The
different coders are not more than 1 point apart on the original scale
8 4 One
coder says dont know or not applicable and the other two coders would have
received a reliability score of 1, 2, or 3 if they had been the only
raters
4 6 One
coder says dont know or not applicable
1 7 Two
coders are more than 1 point apart on the original scale
50 8 One
of the two or three raters says dont know or not applicable, and the second one
(if only two raters) assigned a score of 1-3 to the case; if there are three raters,
the other two do not meet the reliability conditions of reliability scores 4 or
6
v1674. Reliability of Individual Aggression Ratings-suicide (Var. 1669) {
(Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
15 0 No
reliability score (see Variable 1651 in 78.REL for reasons)
111 1 The
different coders agree perfectly (including the situation when they both said
dont know)
3 2 The
different coders are not more than .5 apart on the original scale
17 3 The
different coders are not more than 1 point apart on the original scale
6 4 One
coder says dont know or not applicable and the other two coders would have
received a reliability score of 1, 2, or 3 if they had been the only raters
3 7 Two
coders are more than 1 point apart on the original scale
31 8 One
of the two or three raters says dont know or not applicable, and the second one
(if only two raters) assigned a score of 1-3 to the case; if there are three
raters, the other two do not meet the reliability conditions of reliability
score 4
v1675. Socially Organized Homicide { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=67; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
23 1 Low
(original code 1)
4 2 original
code 1.25
5 3 original
code 1.5
2 4 original
code 1.75
8 5 Moderate
(original code 2)
5 6 original
code 2.25
6 7 original
code 2.5
5 8 original
code 2.75
9 9 High
(original code 3)
119 NA NA
v1676. Socially Organized Assault { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=46; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
13 1 Low
(original code 1)
3 2 original
code 1.5
5 3 Moderate
(original code 2)
2 4 original
code 2.25
9 5 original
code 2.5
3 6 original
code 2.75
11 7 High
(original code 3)
140 NA NA
v1677. Socially Organized Theft { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=38; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
22 1 Low
(original code 1)
1 2 original
code 1.75
2 3 Moderate
(original code 2)
1 4 original
code 2.25
3 5 original
code 2.5
1 6 original
code 2.75
8 7 High
(original code 3)
148 NA NA
v1678. Socially Organized Trespass { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=18; Number of unique values=3
Freq Value Description
11 1 Low
(original code 1)
2 2 original
code 1.5
5 3 High
(original code 3)
168 NA NA
v1679. Reliability of Socially Organized Homicide Ratings (Var. 1675) { (Codes
Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
70 0 No
reliability score (see Variable 1651 in 78.REL for reasons)
43 1 The
different coders agree perfectly (including the situation when they both said
dont know)
8 2 The
different coders are not more than .5 apart on the original scale
7 3 The
different coders are not more than 1 point apart on the original scale
12 4 One
coder says dont know or not applicable and the other two coders would have
received a reliability score of 1, 2, or 3 if they had been the only
raters
7 7 Two
coders are more than 1 point apart on the original scale
39 8 One
of the two or three raters says dont know or not applicable, and the second one
(if only two raters) assigned a score of 1-3 to the case; if there are three raters,
the other two do not meet the reliability conditions of reliability score
4
v1680. Reliability of Socially Organized Assault Ratings (Var. 1676) { (Codes
Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
68 0 No
reliability score (see Variable 1651 in 78.REL for reasons)
47 1 The
different coders agree perfectly (including the situation when they both said
dont know)
2 2 The
different coders are not more than .5 apart on the original scale
10 3 The
different coders are not more than 1 point apart on the original scale
6 4 One
coder says dont know or not applicable and the other two coders would have
received a reliability score of 1, 2, or 3 if they had been the only
raters
4 7 Two
coders are more than 1 point apart on the original scale
49 8 One
of the two or three raters says dont know or not applicable, and the second one
(if only two raters) assigned a score of 1-3 to the case; if there are three
raters, the other two do not meet the reliability conditions of reliability
score 4
v1681. Reliability of Socially Organized Theft Ratings (Var. 1677) { (Codes Not
Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
68 0 No
reliability score (see Variable 1651 in 78.REL for reasons)
53 1 The
different coders agree perfectly (including the situation when they both said
dont know)
2 2 The
different coders are not more than .5 apart on the original scale
1 3 The
different coders are not more than 1 point apart on the original scale
9 4 One
coder says dont know or not applicable and the other two coders would have
received a reliability score of 1, 2, or 3 if they had been the only
raters
3 7 Two
coders are more than 1 point apart
50 8 One
of the two or three raters says dont know or not applicable, and the second one
(if only two raters) assigned a score of 1-3 to the case; if there are three
raters, the other two do not meet the reliability conditions of reliability
score 4
v1682. Reliability of Socially Organized Trespass Ratings (Var. 1678) { (Codes
Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
73 0 No
reliability score (see Variable 1651 in 78.REL for reasons)
54 1 The
different coders agree perfectly (including the situation when they both said
dont know)
7 4 One
coder says dont know or not applicable and the other two coders would have
received a reliability score of 1, 2, or 3 if they had been the only raters
6 6 One
coder says dont know, and the other said not applicable
46 8 One
of the two or three raters says dont know or not applicable, and the second one
(if only two raters) assigned a score of 1-3 to the case; if there are three
raters, the other two do not meet the reliability conditions of reliability
scores 4
v1683. Threat of Famine (Resolved Rating) { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=119; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
47 1 Low
threat of famine in the 25-year time period - food is reported to be ample or
adequate, with no report of famine; or famine occurred only in the past; or
occasional periods of food shortage are reported, but the scare foods are
reported to be replaced by other available foods; or there may be chronic
hunger in the absence of the conditions immediately below (original scores 2-4)
(original code 1)
1 2 original
code 1.5
39 3 Moderate
threat of famine - there is no reported famine during the 25-year time period,
but the ethnographer states that there is an ever present threat of famine
(original code 2)
21 4 Moderately
high threat of famine - one famine occurred during the 25-year time period
(original code 3)
2 5 original
code 3.5
9 6 High
- more than one famine occurred during the 25-year time period (original code
4)
67 NA NA
v1684. Threat of Weather or Pest Disasters { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=114; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
29 1 Low
threat of severe natural disrupters of the food supply
33 2 Moderate
threat of severe natural disrupters of food supply
20 3 Moderately
high threat of severe natural disrupters of food supply
32 4 High
72 NA NA
v1685. Chronic Resource Problems (Resolved Ratings) { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=144; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
73 1 Low
or rare (original code 1)
6 2 original
code 1.5
44 3 There
are some hungry times during the year when people complain that they do not
have enough food or enough of a particular food (original code 2)
14 4 Some
members of the population usually do not have enough to eat (original code
3)
7 5 Most
members of the population usually do not have enough to eat - i.e., they are
chronically undernourished (original code 4)
42 NA NA
v1686. Reliability of Threat of Famine Ratings (Var. 1683) { (Codes Not
Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
102 1 The
different coders agree perfectly (including the situation when they both said
dont know)
14 3 The
different coders are not more than 1 point apart, on the original scale and
ratings do not cross the boundary between 1.0 (no problem), and some problem
(1.5 and higher) on the original scale
12 4 One
of the first two coders says dont know, and the other two raters would have
received a reliability score of 1, 2, or 3 if they had been the only
raters
3 5 The
coders are more than 1 point apart on the original scale, but the ratings do
not cross the dichotomy between 1.0 and more than 1.0 on the original
scale
9 7 Two
coders are more than 1 point apart and their scores are not on one side of the
dichotomy mentioned in reliability score 5
31 8 One
of the two or three raters says dont know, and the second one (if there are
only two raters) is assigned a score of 1-5; if there are three raters, the
other two do not meet the reliability conditions of reliability score 4 or
6
15 NA NA
v1687. Reliability of Threat of Natural and Pest Disaster Rating (Var 1684) {
(Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
99 1 The
different coders agree perfectly (including the situation when they both said
dont know)
1 2 The
different coders are not more than .5 point apart on the original scale (except
that the difference between 1.0 and 1.5 is coded as 7 because 1.5 suggests some
problem, whereas 1.0 suggests no problem)
13 3 The
different coders are not more than 1 point apart, on the original scale and
ratings do not cross the boundary between 1.0 (no problem), and some problem
(1.5 and higher) on the original scale
7 4 One
of the first two coders says dont know, and the other two raters would have
received a reliability score of 1, 2, or 3 if they had been the only
raters
9 5 The
coders are more than 1 point apart on the original scale, but the ratings do
not cross the dichotomy between 1.0 and more than 1.0 on the original
scale
11 7 Two
coders are more than 1 point apart on the original scale and their scores are
not on one side of the dichotomy mentioned in reliability score 5
31 8 One
of the two or three raters says dont know, and the second one (if there are
only two raters) is assigned a score of 1-5; if there are three raters, the
other two do not meet the reliability conditions of reliability score 4
15 NA NA
v1688. Reliability of Chronic Scarcity Ratings (Var. 1685) { (Codes Not
Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=8
Freq Value Description
12 0 No
reliability score (see Variable 1651 in 78.REL for reasons)
106 1 The
different coders agree perfectly (including the situation when they both said
dont know)
4 2 The
different coders are not more than .5 point apart on the original scale (except
that the difference between 1.0 and 1.5 is coded as 7 because 1.5 suggests some
problem, whereas 1.0 suggests no problem)
8 3 The
different coders are not more than 1 point apart, on the original scale and
ratings do not cross the boundary between 1.0 (no problem), and some problem
(1.5 and higher) on the original scale
9 4 One
of the first two coders says dont know, and the other two raters would have
received a reliability score of 1, 2, or 3 if they had been the only
raters
3 5 The
coders are more than 1 point apart on the original scale, but the ratings do
not cross the dichotomy between 1.0 and more than 1.0 on the original
scale
24 7 Two
coders are more than 1 point apart on the original scale and their scores are
not on one side of the dichotomy mentioned in reliability score 5
20 8 One
of the two or three raters says dont know, and the second one (if there are
only two raters) is assigned a score of 1-5; if there are three raters, the
other two do not meet the reliability conditions of reliability score 4
v1689. Sex Ratio (Males/Females 1000) : First Two Digits R: Values from 65.6 to
185.6
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=60; Number of unique
values=50
Stat Value
nobs 60
mean 102.982
min 65.6
max 184.6
sd 20.587
v1691. Sex Ratio Unit { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
126 0 No
sex ratio calculated
30 1 The
whole society
3 2 The
breeding population
7 3 The
district, but not known whether or not the breeding unit
9 4 The
local group or community
11 8 Not
sure what unit
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Lisa R. Ludvico. "Scarification, Pathogen Load and Biome:
Cross-Cultural Codes" Unpublished codes discussed in "Symbolic or
Not-So-Symbolic Wounds: The Behavioral Ecology of Human Scarification." by
L. R. Ludvico and J. A. Kurland in Ethology and Sociobiology 16:155-172,
1995.
v1692. Scarification 1: Males
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=145; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
7 0 no
scarification
50 1 ear,
nose piercing
83 2 tattooing
and cicatrization
5 3 scarification
includes removal of skin
41 NA NA
v1693. Scarification 1: Females
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=137; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
7 0 no
scarification
57 1 ear,
nose piercing
72 2 tattooing
and cicatrization
1 3 scarification
includes removal of skin
49 NA NA
v1694. General Scarification: Males
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=173; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
82 1 no
scarification
11 2 ear,
nose piercing
77 3 tattooing
and cicatrization
3 4 scarification
includes removal of skin
13 NA NA
v1695. General Scarification: Females
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
73 1 no
scarification
13 2 ear,
nose piercing
81 3 tattooing
and cicatrization
4 4 scarification
includes removal of skin
15 NA NA
v1696. Biome
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
20 1 tundra,
taiga, boreal forest
19 2 temperate
deciduous, scrub, or temperate rain forest
55 3 tropical
or temperate grassland
69 4 tropical
rain forest
23 5 desert
v1697. Pathogen: Wound Opportunistic Typhus
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=153; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
98 1 absent
or not recorded
7 2 present,
no indication of severity
48 3 present
and serious, widespread or endemic
33 NA NA
v1698. Pathogen: Wound Opportunistic Bejel
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=156; Number of unique
values=1
Freq Value Description
156 1 absent
or not recorded
30 NA NA
v1699. Pathogen: Wound Opportunistic Pinta
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=157; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
147 1 absent
or not recorded
3 2 present,
no indication of severity
7 3 present
and serious, widespread or endemic
29 NA NA
v1700. Pathogen: Wound Opportunistic Yaws
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=157; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
99 1 absent
or not recorded
24 2 present,
no indication of severity
34 3 present
and serious, widespread or endemic
29 NA NA
v1701. Pathogen: Wound Opportunistic Leprosy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=157; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
71 1 absent
or not recorded
54 2 present,
no indication of severity
32 3 present
and serious, widespread or endemic
29 NA NA
v1702. Pathogen: Wound Opportunistic Leishmania
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=157; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
121 1 absent
or not recorded
2 2 present,
no indication of severity
34 3 present
and serious, widespread or endemic
29 NA NA
v1703. Pathogen: Wound Opportunistic Spirochetes
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=156; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
109 1 absent
or not recorded
21 2 present,
no indication of severity
26 3 present
and serious, widespread or endemic
30 NA NA
v1704. Pathogen: Tick Vector Typus
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=154; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
103 1 absent
or not recorded
4 2 present,
no indication of severity
47 3 present
and serious, widespread or endemic
32 NA NA
v1705. Pathogen: Tick Vector Spirochetes
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=157; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
117 1 absent
or not recorded
2 2 present,
no indication of severity
38 3 present
and serious, widespread or endemic
29 NA NA
v1706. Pathogen: Trypanosomas (from Ludvico Data)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=157; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
130 1 absent
or not recorded
3 2 present,
no indication of severity
24 3 present
and serious, widespread or endemic
29 NA NA
v1707. Pathogen: Malaria (from Ludvico Data)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=157; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
44 1 absent
or not recorded
2 2 present,
no indication of severity
111 3 present
and serious, widespread or endemic
29 NA NA
v1708. Pathogen: Schistosomes (from Ludvico Data)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=157; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
108 1 absent
or not recorded
9 2 present,
no indication of severity
40 3 present
and serious, widespread or endemic
29 NA NA
v1709. Pathogen: Filariae (from Ludvico Data)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=156; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
78 1 absent
or not recorded
1 2 present,
no indication of severity
77 3 present
and serious, widespread or endemic
30 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: William Divale, Noelle Abrams, Jennifer Barzola, Estelle Harris, and
Fred- Michael Henry. 1998. Sleeping Arrangements of Children and Adolescents:
SCCS Sample Codes. World Cultures 9(2):3-12.
v1710. Person (S) Infants and Children Sleep With
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
28 1 mother
alone
29 3 mother
and father
6 4 grandparents
4 5 other
siblings
26 7 entire
family
12 8 alone
81 NA NA
v1711. Where Adolescents Sleep
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=96; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
56 1 entire
family together
11 2 separate
room in parents house
5 3 outside
of parents house, but near, e.g., porch
22 4 separate
dwelling
2 5 other
relatives
90 NA NA
v1712. Sex Segregation in Sleeping Areas of Children
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=88; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
63 1 boys
& girls in same room or bed
23 2 boys
& girls in separate rooms or separate beds
2 3 boys
& girls in separate houses
98 NA NA
v1713. Sex Segregation in Sleeping Areas of Adolescents and Teens
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=91; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
33 1 boys
& girls in same room or bed
31 2 boys
& girls in separate rooms or separate beds
27 3 boys
& girls in separate houses
95 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Lang, Hartmut. 1998. CONAN: An Electronic Code-Text Data-Base for
Cross- Cultural Studies. World Cultures 9(2):13-56.
v1714. First Two Digits of Focus Date
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=99; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
1 12 12
1 15 15
1 16 16
2 17 17
46 18 18
48 19 19
87 NA NA
v1715. Second Two Digits of Focus Date
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=99; Number of unique
values=49
Stat Value
nobs 99
mean 50.838
min 0
max 99
sd 27.921
v1716. Primary Source of Subsistence
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=101; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
26 1 intensive
agriculture
37 2 extensive
agriculture
9 3 animal
husbandry
11 4 fishing
9 5 hunting
8 6 gathering
1 8 wage
labor
85 NA NA
v1717. Secondary Source of Subsistence
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=100; Number of unique values=7
Freq Value Description
9 2 extensive
agriculture
22 3 animal
husbandry
19 4 fishing
25 5 hunting
10 6 gathering
13 7 trade
2 8 wage
labor
86 NA NA
v1718. Sharing of Food
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=89; Number of unique values=7
Freq Value Description
7 1 sharing
of food among nuclear family
14 2 sharing
of food among kin residing in local community
9 3 sharing
of food among kin, not restricted to local community
4 4 sharing
of food among non-kin within local community
21 5 sharing
of food among all members of local community
24 6 sharing
of food among groups within unit of maximal political authority or ethnic
group
10 7 sharing
of food among other than mentioned groups
97 NA NA
v1719. Periodical Variation of Food Scarcity
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=91; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
26 1 food
supply constant, no scarcity (original code 10)
20 2 periodical
food scarcity (original code 20)
10 3 aperiodical
food scarcity (e.g. as caused by natural disasters), no further information on
frequency of occurrence (original code 30)
7 4 seldom
(occurrence uncommon) (original code 31)
6 5 often
(occurrence common) (original code 32)
2 6 periodical
as well as aperiodical food scarcity (original code 40)
1 7 chronic
food scarcity (original code 50)
19 8 food
scarcity occurs, no further information on frequency (original code 60)
95 NA NA
v1720. Causes of Land Shortage
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=82; Number of unique values=4
Freq Value Description
54 1 no
land shortage
19 2 population
pressure (caused by humans or animals)
8 3 territorial
invasions
1 4 more
than one of the above
104 NA NA
v1721. Number of Rich People (Wealthy)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=98; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
27 1 absence
of rich (original code 10)
41 2 presence
of rich, no information on numbers (original code 20)
27 3 few
rich (original code 21)
3 4 many
rich (original code 22)
88 NA NA
v1722. Sources of Wealth
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=95; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
27 0 absence
of rich, variable 1717 coded 1 (original code 88)
5 1 presence
of rich, no information on sources of wealth (original code 10)
4 2 acquired
wealth of land (through buying or skill) (original code 11)
8 3 inheritance
of land (original code 12)
6 4 acquired
wealth of cattle (through buying or skill) (original code 13)
1 5 inheritance
of cattle (original code 14)
7 6 acquired
wealth (means of production other than cattle or land) (original code 15)
1 7 inherited
wealth (means of production other than cattle or land) (original code 16)
36 8 more
than one of the above (original code 177)
91 NA NA
v1723. Number of Poor
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=88; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
32 1 absence
of poor (original code 10)
41 2 presence
of poor, no information on percentage (original code 20)
8 3 few
poor (original code 21)
7 4 many
poor (original code 22)
98 NA NA
v1724. Number of Dispossessed
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=88; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
57 1 no
dispossessed (original code 10)
15 2 presence
of dispossessed, no information on percentage (original code 20)
12 3 few
dispossessed (original code 21)
4 4 many
dispossessed (original code 22)
98 NA NA
v1725. Possibility for Peaceful Territorial Expansion
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=85; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
42 0 no
need for expansion: variable 1716 coded as 1 (original code 88)
18 1 peaceful
territorial expansion impossible (original code 10)
17 2 peaceful
territorial expansion possible, no information on quality of land (original
code 20)
7 3 access
to land of good quality (original code 21)
1 4 access
to land of restricted quality (original code 22)
101 NA NA
v1726. Communality of Land
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=98; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
22 1 land
predominantly private property
24 2 land
partially communally used
52 3 communal
land use rights only
88 NA NA
v1727. Resource Acquisition as Motive for Violent Conflict Management
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=90; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
7 0 absence
of violent conflict management (original code 88)
31 1 resource
acquisition no motive
52 2 resource
acquisition motive for violent conflict management
96 NA NA
v1728. Rich, Poor, or Dispossessed as One Party in Violent Conflicts
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=58; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
26 0 equal
distribution of resources (original code 88)
27 1 rare
or never
3 2 occasional
1 3 often
1 4 permanent
128 NA NA
v1729. Presence of an Overarching Political Unit { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=101; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
13 1 local
community autonomous (original code 10)
2 2 local
community is part of a precolonial state (original code 20)
6 3 ethnic
group to which the local community belongs is politically dominant in the
precolonial state (original code 21)
4 4 ethnic
group to which the local community belongs occupies a politically subordinate
position in the precolonial state (original code 22)
33 5 local
community is part of a colonial state (original code 30)
3 6 local
community is part of a postcolonial state (original code 40)
7 7 ethnic
group to which the local community belongs is politically dominant in the
postcolonial state (original code 41)
33 8 ethnic
group to which the local community belongs occupies a politically subordinate
position in the postcolonial state (original code 42)
85 NA NA
v1730. Administrative Integration of Local Community within Overarching
Political Unit { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=96; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
14 0 local
community not part of an overarching political unit (variable 1725 coded as 1)
(original code 88)
28 1 overarching
political unit claims administrative hierarchy without actual execution
(original code 10)
18 2 administration
representative absent or only sporadically present, administrative functions
are executed from outside (original code 20)
3 3 administration
representative present (e.g. military, civilian administrators, school
personnel) (original code 30)
24 4 same
as above 4, administration representative member of the same ethnic group as
local community (original code 31)
9 5 same
as above 4, administration representative of different ethnic affiliation than
local community (original code 32)
90 NA NA
v1731. Power Participation of Local Elite within Overarching Political Unit {
(Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=91; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
46 0 local
community not part of an overarching political unit (variable 1725 coded as 1);
ethnic group occupies a dominant position within overarching political unit
(variable 1725 coded as 3 or 7); overarching political unit does not execute
administrative functions (variable 1726 coded as 2) (original code 88)
8 1 no
elite present in ethnic group of which the local community is a part
17 2 local
elite does not participate in decisions of overarching political unit
20 3 local
elite occupies leading positions within overarching political unit, at the
local or regional level
95 NA NA
v1732. Presence of Wage Labor
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=89; Number of unique values=3
Freq Value Description
36 1 no
wage labor
22 2 wage
labor present, migratory labor unimportant
31 3 wage
labor, mainly in the form of migratory labor
97 NA NA
v1733. Market Exchange within Local Community
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=96; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
23 1 no
market exchange (original code 10)
10 2 market
exchange within local community present, no further information (original code
20)
27 3 market
exchange within local community present, involving local and regional products
(original code 21)
36 4 market
exchange within local community present, involving local, regional, and
supra-regional products (original code 22)
90 NA NA
v1734. Market Exchange outside of Local Community
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=99; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
10 1 no
market exchange outside of local community (original code 10)
5 2 market
exchange outside of local community (at trading posts, market places), no
further information (original code 20)
26 3 market
exchange outside of local community, involving local and regional products
(original code 21)
58 4 market
exchange outside of local community, involving local, regional, and
supra-regional products (original code 22)
87 NA NA
v1735. Relationship between Production for Subsistence and Production for
Market Exchange
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
68 1 production
for consumption more important
25 2 production
for consumption and production for market exchange of equal importance
93 NA NA
v1736. Tribute, Taxation, Expropriation
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=78; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
27 1 no
tribute, taxation, or expropriation (original code 10)
3 2 payment
of tribute, taxation, or expropriation occur (original code 20)
3 3 corvee
labor (original code 21)
15 4 money
(original code 22)
6 5 mobile
goods (original code 23)
24 6 more
than one of the above (original code 24)
108 NA NA
v1737. Extent of Burden Caused by Tribute Payments or Taxation
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=75; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
27 0 no
tribute or taxation (original code 88)
4 1 sporadic
taxation or request for tribute (original code 10)
3 2 the
exactions are reported not to be burdensome (original code 20)
2 3 the
exactions are reported to be burdensome (original code 21)
19 4 regular
taxation or request for tribute (original code 30)
7 5 the
exactions are reported not to be burdensome (original code 31)
13 6 the
exactions are reported to be burdensome (original code 32)
111 NA NA
v1738. Presence of Formal Education within Local Community
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=90; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
50 1 no
formal education (original code 10)
6 2 formal
education present (original code 20)
21 3 small
fraction of local community is formally educated (original code 21)
5 4 large
part of local community is formally educated (original code 22)
8 5 members
of local community have a higher education (original code 23)
96 NA NA
v1739. Types of Violence against Overarching Political Institution { (Codes Not
Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=81; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
24 0 no
overarching political unit (variable 1729 coded as 1) (original code 88)
27 1 violent
acts absent
12 2 acts
of violence, in reaction against attacks by overarching political unit
18 3 active
resistance, aiming at revolution
105 NA NA
v1740. Levels of Political Hierarchy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=101; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
17 1 no
political office (original code 10)
1 2 no
political office at the head of local community, but segments of different
local communities belong to supralocal non-territorially organized political
unit (original code 20)
1 3 highest
political office one level above smallest supralocal non-territorially
organized political unit (original code 21)
3 4 highest
political office two levels above smallest supralocal non-territorially
organized political unit (original code 22)
33 7 highest
political office at the head of local community
15 8 highest
political office one level above local community (original code 31)
13 9 highest
political office two levels above local community (original code 32)
10 10 highest
political office three levels above local community (original code 33)
8 11 highest
political office four or more levels above local community (original code
34)
85 NA NA
v1741. Overarching Formal Jurisdiction within Unit of Maximal Political
Authority
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=95; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
31 1 no
formal jurisdiction present
6 2 highest
level of formal jurisdiction below the unit of maximal political
authority
58 3 highest
level of formal jurisdiction at the level of maximal political authority
91 NA NA
v1742. Selection of Officials at the Lowest Level of Political Hierarchy {
(Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=96; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
51 0 no
political office above the level of the local community (variable 1730 coded as
1,2, or 3 (original code 88)
25 1 selection
of officials at the lowest level of political hierarchy independent of
higher-ranking officials
11 2 selection
of officials at the lowest level of political hierarchy within local community,
but it has to be reconfirmed by higher-ranking officials
9 3 officials
at the lowest level of political hierarchy are determined by higher-ranking
officials
90 NA NA
v1743. Sanctions
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=98; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
17 0 no
formal political office present (variable 1740 coded as 1) (original code
88)
26 1 no
or few means of coercion
17 2 restricted
means of coercion, e.g. only for certain types of decisions
38 3 coercive
means to enforce all decisions
88 NA NA
v1744. Lower Level Participation in Decision Making of the Unit of Maximal
Political Authority
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=95; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
17 0 no
formal political office present (variable 1740 coded as 1) (original code
88)
24 1 decision
making at the highest level of political authority independent of lower-ranking
levels, groups, or individuals
21 2 decisions
at the highest level of political authority are made after consultation with
representatives of lower-ranking levels, groups, or individuals
33 3 lower-ranking
individuals or group representatives fully participate in decision making at
the highest level of political authority, they are members of the decision
making body
91 NA NA
v1745. Religio-political Overlap { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=90; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
17 0 no
formal political office present (variable 1740 coded as 1) (original code
88)
18 1 religious
specialists have no influence on decision making at the level of maximal
political authority
19 2 religious
specialists participate in decision making at the level of maximal political
authority
36 3 officials
at the level of maximal political authority are at the same time religious
specialists
96 NA NA
v1746. Sources of Legitimation of Power { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=100; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
17 0 no
formal political office present (variable 1740 coded as 1) (original code
88)
8 3 office
holder belongs to privileged descent group
7 4 office
holder elected by the represented group
3 5 office
holder elected by subordinate authorities
6 8 office
inherited
3 9 seniority
1 10 office
holder installed by overarching administration, e.g. colonial power
1 11 other
sources of legitimation
54 12 multiple
sources of legitimation; more than one of the above (original code 77)
86 NA NA
v1747. Frequency of External Warfare: Unit of Maximal Political Authority
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=91; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
17 0 no
formal political office present (variable 1740 coded as 1) (original code
88)
13 1 rare
or never
15 2 occasional
27 3 often
19 4 permanent
95 NA NA
v1748. Frequency of Internal Warfare; i.e. between Local Communities within
Unit of Maximal Political Authority
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=90; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
51 0 no
political office above the level of the local community (variable 1740 coded as
1, 2, or 7) (original code 88)
15 1 rare
or never
11 2 occasional
11 3 often
2 4 permanent
96 NA NA
v1749. Frequency of Internal Warfare Involving Non-territorially Organized
Groups within Unit of Maximal Political Authority
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=90; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
51 0 no
political office above the level of the local community (variable 1740 coded as
1, 2, or 7) (original code 88)
20 1 rare
or never
9 2 occasional
7 3 often
3 4 permanent
96 NA NA
v1750. Frequency of Violent Conflict between Groups within Local
Communities
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=72; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
51 1 rare
or never
12 2 occasional
7 3 often
2 4 permanent
114 NA NA
v1751. Social Stratification
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=96; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
17 1 no
differences in access to economic resources, political power, and/or
status
45 2 differences
in access to economic resources, political power, and/or status, not resulting
in class formation
17 3 two
classes
17 4 complex
stratification into more than two classes
90 NA NA
v1752. Groom's Dependency on Relatives for Marriage Transactions
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=96; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
10 1 no
marriage transactions
5 2 marriage
transactions, but not by the groom or his kin
26 3 groom
is able to procure the necessary goods for marriage transactions or else can
provide alternatives as e.g., bride service
27 4 groom
depends on the help of father or another single relative of the father for
marriage transaction
15 5 groom
depends on the help of father or a relative of the father and additional
paternal relatives
13 6 groom
depends on help of non-paternal or not exclusively paternal relatives to
provide for marriage transaction
90 NA NA
v1753. Depth of Unilineal Descent { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=96; Number of unique
values=24
Freq Value Description
22 1 patrilineal
descent, no information on genealogical depth (original code 1000)
2 2 patrilineal
descent, genealogical depth is 002 (original code 1002)
4 3 patrilineal
descent, genealogical depth is 003 (original code 1003)
6 4 patrilineal
descent, genealogical depth is 004 (original code 1004)
4 5 patrilineal
descent, genealogical depth is 005 (original code 1005)
1 6 patrilineal
descent, genealogical depth is 006 (original code 1006)
1 7 patrilineal
descent, genealogical depth is 008 (original code 1008)
2 8 patrilineal
descent, genealogical depth is 009 (original code 1009)
1 9 patrilineal
descent, genealogical depth is 011 (original code 1011)
1 10 patrilineal
descent, genealogical depth is 015 (original code 1015)
1 11 patrilineal
descent, genealogical depth is 030 (original code 1030)
14 12 matrilineal
descent, no information on genealogical depth (original code 2000)
1 13 matrilineal
descent, genealogical depth is 002 (original code 2002)
1 14 matrilineal
descent, genealogical depth is 003 (original code 2003)
1 15 matrilineal
descent, genealogical depth is 004 (original code 2004)
2 16 matrilineal
descent, genealogical depth is 006 (original code 2006)
1 17 matrilineal
descent, genealogical depth is 007 (original code 2007)
1 18 matrilineal
descent, genealogical depth is 009 (original code 2009)
1 19 matrilineal
descent, genealogical depth is 011 (original code 2011)
1 20 double
descent, genealogical depth is 002 (original code 3002)
2 21 double
descent, genealogical depth is 003 (original code 3003)
1 22 double
descent, genealogical depth is 004 (original code 3004)
1 23 double
descent, genealogical depth is 005 (original code 3005)
24 24 no
unilineal descent (original code 4000)
90 NA NA
v1754. Size of Maximal Effective Kin Group
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
34 1 absent
59 2 present
93 NA NA
v1755. Local Distribution of Maximal Effective Kin Group { (Codes Not Ordered)
}
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
34 0 does
not apply, variable 1754 coded as 1 (original code 88)
18 1 maximal
effective kin group forms part of local community
12 2 maximal
effective kin group congruent with local community, no subgroups
discernible
3 3 maximal
effective kin group congruent with local community, with spatially segregated
subgroups (e.g. wards)
7 4 maximal
effective kin group covers a bounded territory including a number of local
communities, which form segments of the maximal effective kin group
2 5 maximal
effective kin group is dispersed among several local communities, located in
the same territory as local communities inhabited by other effective kin
groups
17 6 segments
of maximal effective kin groups coreside with segments of other maximal
effective kin groups in several local communities
93 NA NA
v1756. Size of Local Community
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=78; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
17 1 between
10 and 50
18 2 between
51 and 100
6 3 between
101 and 150
12 4 between
151 and 200
5 5 between
201 and 250
3 6 between
251 and 300
6 7 between
301 and 500
4 8 between
501 and 1000
7 9 greater
than 1001
108 NA NA
v1757. Frequency of Violent Conflict Involving at Least One Maximal Effective
Kin Group { (Codes Not Ordered) }
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=85; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
34 0 does
not apply, variable 1754 coded as 1 (original code 88)
12 1 rare
or never
16 2 occasional
18 3 often
5 4 permanent
101 NA NA
v1758. Frequency of Violent Conflict Involving at Least One Local
Community
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=89; Number of unique values=4
Freq Value Description
25 1 rare
or never
21 2 occasional
30 3 often
13 4 permanent
97 NA NA
v1759. Affection during Early Childhood
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=71; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
1 1 children
often experience emotional rejection; no further information about loving
affection (original code 10)
6 2 children
receive noticeably more emotional rejection than loving affection (original
code 11)
8 3 children
receive emotional rejection and loving affection to the same degree (original
code 20)
45 4 children
often experience loving affection; no further information about emotional
rejection (original code 30)
11 5 children
receive noticeably more loving affection than emotional rejection (original code
31)
115 NA NA
v1760. Frequency of Interactions between Boys (Early Childhood) and Male
Adults
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=79; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
12 1 boys
have almost no contact with adult males
24 2 even
though boys have contact with adult males, they have more contact with adult
females
26 3 contact
with male and female adults is about the same
17 4 boys
have noticeably more contact with male than female adults
107 NA NA
v1761. Inculcation of Children's Trust in Other Persons
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=25; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
8 1 inculcation
of mistrust and fear in children; the socializing agents scare the children by
pretending to harm them, or by instilling of fear by reference to potentially
harmful persons, groups, or supernatural beings.
10 2 Childrens
mistrust is restricted to a certain group of persons. Instilling of fear by
certain persons or warning of potential threat occurs rarely.
7 3 inculcation
of trust in children; the socializing agents never scare children or warn them
of distant persons or groups.
161 NA NA
v1762. Positive Reinforcement of Children's Willingness to Share, Give, and
Help (Generosity)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=31; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
3 1 generosity
is rarely fostered; the children rarely exhibit willingness to share, give, or
help. This behavior rarely causes punishment.
10 2 generosity
is moderately fostered; the children show willingness to share, give, or help.
A lack of this behavior causes punishment or admonishment.
18 3 generosity
is strongly fostered; other adults and children frequently request the children
to share, give, and help.
155 NA NA
v1763. Emphasis on Honesty
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=47; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
2 1 honesty
is not furthered. (Dishonesty is generally accepted.)
2 2 honesty
is rarely furthered. (Dishonest behavior is only accepted towards a specific
group of persons.)
9 3 honesty
is furthered
34 4 honesty
is explicitly furthered. (Dishonest behavior of children is the cause for
punishment and reprimands.)
139 NA NA
v1764. Reaction of Socializing Agents towards Violent Behavior of Boys in Late
Childhood
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
14 1 violence
of children is generally objected (original code 10)
4 2 violence
of children is tolerated (socializing agents only interfere when there is
danger of serious injuries); no data on restriction of violence to specific
group of persons(original code 20)
13 3 violence
of children is tolerated only towards specific group of persons (original code
21)
3 4 violence
of children is tolerated regardless of group of persons (original code
16 5 violence
of children is explicitly encouraged; no data on restriction to specific group
of persons (original code 30)
2 6 violence
of children is explicitly encouraged only towards specific group of persons
(original code 31)
1 7 violence
of children is explicitly encouraged regardless of group of persons (original
code 32)
133 NA NA
v1765. Emphasis on Courage of Boys in Late Childhood
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
5 1 courage
is not emphasized; children are protected from harm which may be caused by
scary situations, cold, and physical injuries
11 2 courage
is mildly emphasized; children are not protected from potentially dangerous situations;
the expression of fear and pain is tolerated
23 3 courage
is strongly emphasized; children are expected to tolerate pain and overcome
fear in dangerous situations; the expression of fear and pain is not
tolerated
147 NA NA
v1766. Corporal Punishment of Boys in Late Childhood
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=79; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
32 1 children
are not punished physically, corporal punishment as a means of education is
rejected (original code 10)
10 2 children
are punished physically; no information on frequency of occurrence (original
code 20)
27 3 children
are rarely punished physically for only certain types of misbehavior (original
code 21)
10 4 children
are often punished physically for almost any type of misbehavior (original code
22)
107 NA NA
v1767. Ideology of Male Superiority
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=82; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
47 1 no
ideology of male superiority
8 2 weakly
articulated ideology of male superiority
27 3 strongly
articulated ideology of male superiority (it is the basic determinant of gender
relations)
104 NA NA
v1768. Attitude towards Physical Violence against Members of Local
Community
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=68; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
51 1 physical
violence within local community is rejected
13 2 physical
violence within local community is tolerated or accepted
4 3 physical
violence within local community is appreciated
118 NA NA
v1769. Attitude towards Physical Violence against Members of Same Ethnic Group,
Not Restricted to Local Community
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=62; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
31 1 physical
violence within ethnic group is rejected
21 2 physical
violence within ethnic group is tolerated or accepted
10 3 physical
violence within ethnic group is appreciated
124 NA NA
v1770. Attitude towards Physical Violence against Members of Other Ethnic
Groups
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
1 0 no
contact with other ethnic groups (original code 88)
5 1 physical
violence outside of ethnic group is rejected (original code 10)
3 2 physical
violence outside of ethnic group is rejected because of military inferiority or
cowardice (original code 11)
5 3 physical
violence is tolerated or accepted - specification of the enemies is absent
(original code 20)
1 4 physical
violence is tolerated or accepted - but not against the majority of other
ethnic groups (original code 21)
5 5 physical
violence is tolerated or accepted against the majority of other ethnic groups
(original code 22)
14 6 physical
violence is appreciated - no further specification against whom (original code
30)
3 7 physical
violence is appreciated - but not against the majority of other ethnic groups
(original code 31)
4 8 physical
violence is appreciated against the majority of other ethnic groups (original
code 32)
145 NA NA
v1771. Loyalty within Ethnic Group
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=86; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
41 1 low
18 2 middle
27 3 high
100 NA NA
v1772. Hostility towards Other Ethnic Groups
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=73; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
1 0 no
contact with other ethnic groups (original code 88)
8 1 no
or negligible hostility (original code 10)
6 2 weak
degree of hostility (original code 20)
14 3 moderate
degree of hostility (original code 30)
9 4 moderate
degree of hostility, only directed against some other ethnic groups (original
code 31)
8 5 moderate
degree of hostility; directed against almost all other ethnic groups (original
code 32)
2 6 high
degree of hostility (original code 40)
9 7 high
degree of hostility; only directed against some other ethnic groups (original
code 41)
16 8 high
degree of hostility; directed against almost all other ethnic groups (original
code 42)
113 NA NA
v1773. Prestige of Warriors
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=75; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
12 0 no
warriors (original code 88)
9 1 low
prestige, warriors receive no special recognition (original code 10)
13 2 middle
to high prestige; warriors have a good reputation, no data on other sources of
reputation (original code 20)
12 3 medium
prestige of warriors, other sources of reputation are valued higher (original
code 21)
15 4 high
prestige of warriors, other equally valued sources of reputation exist
(original code 22)
14 5 very
high prestige, to gain prestige as a warrior is of special importance for every
man (original code 24)
111 NA NA
v1774. Revenge Related Norms
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=80; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
15 1 revenge
taking is forbidden (original code 10)
17 2 taking
of revenge is neither forbidden nor prescribed (original code 20)
18 3 taking
of revenge is prescribed but compensation by payment equally valued (original
code 21)
16 4 taking
of revenge is prescribed (original code 30)
14 5 taking
of revenge is prescribed, retaliation is allowed only against the culprit
(original code 31)
106 NA NA
v1775. Reglementation of Intraethnic Violence
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=66; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
23 0 no
intraethnic violence (variable 1776 coded as 1) (original code 88)
10 1 no
reglementation
25 2 moderate
reglementation
8 3 highly
reglemented or ritualized
120 NA NA
v1776. Frequency of Intraethnic Violence
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
23 1 rare
or never
28 2 occasional
29 3 often
13 4 permanent
93 NA NA
v1777. Intensity of Intraethnic Violence
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=70; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
22 0 no
intraethnic violence (variable 1776 coded as 1) (original code 88)
30 1 low;
when violence occurs, only occasional victims
12 2 moderate;
when violence occurs many victims, ca. one half of one of the parties in
conflict is killed
6 3 high;
one of the parties in conflict is nearly extinguished
116 NA NA
v1778. Frequency of Interethnic Violence/Attacking
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=89; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
4 0 no
contact with other ethnic groups (original code 88)
26 1 rare
or never
20 2 occasional
24 3 often
15 4 permanent
97 NA NA
v1779. Weapons Used in Warfare
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=80; Number of unique values=3
Freq Value Description
18 1 projectiles
4 2 shock
weapons
58 3 both
106 NA NA
v1780. Defensive (Protective) Weapons Used in Warfare
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=60; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
21 1 no
protective weapons
6 2 body
armor
26 3 shields
7 4 both
126 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: William Divale and Albert Seda. 1999. Codes on Gossip for Societies in
the Standard Sample. World Cultures 10(1):7-22.
v1781. Gossip on Adultery
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
96 0 absent
13 1 present
for males only
24 2 present
for both sexes
2 3 present
for females only
51 NA NA
v1782. Gossip on Boasting
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
102 0 absent
25 1 present
for males only
7 2 present
for both sexes
1 3 present
for females only
51 NA NA
v1783. Gossip on Bride Price
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
115 0 absent
9 1 present
for males only
11 2 present
for both sexes
51 NA NA
v1784. Gossip on Cattle/Livestock
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
116 0 absent
11 1 present
for males only
8 2 present
for both sexes
51 NA NA
v1785. Gossip on Dowry Payments
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
131 0 absent
2 1 present
for males only
2 3 present
for females only
51 NA NA
v1786. Gossip on Drinking
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
107 0 absent
17 1 present
for males only
8 2 present
for both sexes
3 3 present
for females only
51 NA NA
v1787. Gossip on Family
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
49 0 absent
25 1 present
for males only
53 2 present
for both sexes
8 3 present
for females only
51 NA NA
v1788. Gossip on Farming
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
113 0 absent
11 1 present
for males only
11 2 present
for both sexes
51 NA NA
v1789. Gossip on Government/Colonial Affairs
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
85 0 absent
27 1 present
for males only
21 2 present
for both sexes
2 3 present
for females only
51 NA NA
v1790. Gossip on Hunting
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
100 0 absent
29 1 present
for males only
5 2 present
for both sexes
1 3 present
for females only
51 NA NA
v1791. Gossip on Inheritance
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
122 0 absent
7 1 present
for males only
6 2 present
for both sexes
51 NA NA
v1792. Gossip on Laziness
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
106 0 absent
12 1 present
for males only
13 2 present
for both sexes
4 3 present
for females only
51 NA NA
v1793. Gossip on Men
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
50 0 absent
48 1 present
for males only
27 2 present
for both sexes
10 3 present
for females only
51 NA NA
v1794. Gossip on Murder/Assault
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
87 0 absent
27 1 present
for males only
20 2 present
for both sexes
1 3 present
for females only
51 NA NA
v1795. Gossip on Neighbors
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
86 0 absent
12 1 present
for males only
35 2 present
for both sexes
2 3 present
for females only
51 NA NA
v1796. Gossip on Politics
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
84 0 absent
26 1 present
for males only
25 2 present
for both sexes
51 NA NA
v1797. Gossip on Scandal
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
73 0 absent
18 1 present
for males only
41 2 present
for both sexes
3 3 present
for females only
51 NA NA
v1798. Gossip on Sex/Sexual Joking
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
83 0 absent
17 1 present
for males only
28 2 present
for both sexes
7 3 present
for females only
51 NA NA
v1799. Gossip on Social Control
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
23 0 absent
45 1 present
for males only
59 2 present
for both sexes
8 3 present
for females only
51 NA NA
v1800. Gossip on Socializing/News
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
40 0 absent
26 1 present
for males only
59 2 present
for both sexes
10 3 present
for females only
51 NA NA
v1801. Gossip on Wife Beating
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
117 0 absent
6 1 present
for males only
10 2 present
for both sexes
2 3 present
for females only
51 NA NA
v1802. Gossip on Women
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
61 0 absent
18 1 present
for males only
31 2 present
for both sexes
25 3 present
for females only
51 NA NA
v1803. Gossip on Marriage
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
126 0 absent
2 1 present
for males only
5 2 present
for both sexes
2 3 present
for females only
51 NA NA
v1804. Gossip on Religion
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
131 0 absent
2 1 present
for males only
2 2 present
for both sexes
51 NA NA
v1805. Importance of Gossip
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
6 0 absent
9 1 scale
step 1: not important
2 1.5 1.5
15 2 scale
step 2
3 2.5 2.5
37 3 scale
step 3
10 3.5 3.5
36 4 scale
step 4
1 4.5 4.5
16 5 scale
step 5: very important
51 NA NA
Gossip Factor Scales (See Divale and Seda paper with Gossip Codes for
rationale). Factor analysis of Gossip variables produced eight factors with
gossip variables that had loadings of .50 or higher. Scales were then produced
by summing those variables with loadings of .5 or higher on the factor. Thus
1805.1 is a News & General Gossip Scale, which is the sum of the following
gossip topics: Gossip about Men, Neighbors, Socializing and News, and
Women).
v1805.1. Fact_1 News & General Gossip Scale (sum of Men, Neighbors,
Socializing & News, And Women Gossip)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value
20 0
21 1
31 2
32 3
31 4
51 NA
v1805.2. Fact_2 Political Gossip Scale (sum of Family, Govt., Political
Gossip)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value
37 0
39 1
29 2
30 3
51 NA
v1805.3. Fact_3 Machismo Gossip Scale (sum of Boasting, Hunting, Laziness, Wife
Beating Gossip)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value
67 0
38 1
17 2
9 3
4 4
51 NA
v1805.4. Fact_4 Sex & Scandals Scale (sum of Adultery And Scandal
Gossip)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value
64 0
41 1
30 2
51 NA
v1805.5. Fact_5 Drinking & Murder Scale (sum of Drinking, Murder And
Assault Gossip)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value
77 0
40 1
18 2
51 NA
v1805.6. Fact_6 Marriage Payments Gossip Scale (sum of Bride Price And Dowry
Gossip)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value
114 0
18 1
3 2
51 NA
v1805.7. Fact_7 Farming & Religion Gossip Scale (sum of Farming And
Religious Gossip)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value
111 0
22 1
2 2
51 NA
v1805.8. Fact_8 Cattle & Marriage Gossip Scale (sum of Cattle And Marriage
Gossip)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value
110 0
22 1
3 2
51 NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: William Divale and Albert Seda. 2000. Cross-Cultural Codes of
Modernization World Cultures 11(2):153-170.
v1806. Trade: 1.1. Changes in Trade and Trade Goods
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
27 1 no
changes
87 2 changes
present
21 3 2
additional items present
51 NA NA
v1807. Trade: 1.2. Introduction of Wage Labor and Immigrant Workers
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
67 0 no
changes
67 1 changes
present
1 2 2
additional items present
51 NA NA
v1808. Trade: 1.3. Introduction of Monetary System Such as Money
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
59 1 no
changes
76 2 changes
present
51 NA NA
v1809. Technology: 2.1. Introduction of Foreign Goods Such as Weapons
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
66 1 no
changes
69 2 changes
present
51 NA NA
v1810. Technology: 2.2. Minor Technological Developments
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
47 1 no
changes
72 2 changes
present
11 3 2
additional items present
5 4 3
additional items present
51 NA NA
v1811. Technology: 2.3. Major Technological Changes
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
96 0 no
changes
35 1 changes
present
4 2 2
additional items present
51 NA NA
v1812. Agriculture: 3.1. Agricultural Improvements, Improvement in Farming
Mehods, Fertilization, Irrigation, Food Preservation
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
59 1 no
changes
76 2 changes
present
51 NA NA
v1813. Agriculture: 3.2 Changes in Agriculture and Crops
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
74 0 no
changes
56 1 changes
present
5 2 2
additional items present
51 NA NA
v1814. Agriculture: 3.3. Introduction of New Livestock
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
85 1 no
changes
50 2 changes
present
51 NA NA
v1815. Transportation: 4.1. Mechanical Transport (Automobiles, Railroads,
Buses)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
99 1 no
changes
36 2 changes
present
51 NA NA
v1816. Transportation: 4.2. Changes and Introduction of Water Transport
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
109 1 no
changes
26 2 changes
present
51 NA NA
v1817. Transportation: 4.3. Introduction of Roads and Highways
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=134; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
112 1 no
changes
22 2 changes
present
52 NA NA
v1818. Government, Political and Legal System: 5.1 New Positions Such as
Government Officials
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
22 1 no
changes
113 2 changes
present
51 NA NA
v1819. Government, Political and Legal System: 5.2 Changes or Implementation of
Foreign Judicial System
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
43 1 no
changes
92 2 changes
present
51 NA NA
v1820. Government, Political and Legal System: 5.3 Political Changes, Uprising,
Cargo Cults
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
94 0 no
changes
35 1 changes
present
6 2 2
additional items present
51 NA NA
v1821. Government, Political and Legal System: 5.4 Large Scale Projects
Introduced by outside Agencies
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=134; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
86 1 no
changes
48 2 changes
present
52 NA NA
v1822. Family/Social Organization: 6.1 Changes in Family Structure
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
58 1 no
changes
67 2 changes
present
10 4 3
additional items present
51 NA NA
v1823. Family/Social Organization: 6.2 Changes in Marriage Rituals,
Weddings
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
60 0 no
changes
69 1 changes
present
6 2 2
additional items present
51 NA NA
v1824. Family/Social Organization: 6.3 Changes in Choice of Spouse,
Mixed-marriages, Etc
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
78 1 no
changes
57 2 changes
present
51 NA NA
v1825. Family/Social Organization: 6.4 Changes in Female Role or Status
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
73 1 no
changes
62 2 changes
present
51 NA NA
v1826. Body Toilet, Adornment and Dress: 7.1 Changes in Body Toilets Such as
Piercing, Jewelry
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
71 0 no
changes
63 1 changes
present
1 2 2
additional items present
51 NA NA
v1827. Body Toilet, Adornment and Dress: 7.2 Changes in Dress Customs
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
25 1 no
changes
110 2 changes
present
51 NA NA
v1828. Behavior: 8.1 Introduction of Drugs Such as Tobacco, Alcohol
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
72 0 no
changes
55 1 changes
present
8 2 2
additional items present
51 NA NA
v1829. Behavior: 8.2 Changes in Food Processing Such as Cooking Methods
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
51 1 no
changes
84 2 changes
present
51 NA NA
v1830. Information and Education: 9.1. Changes in Communication and the
Arts
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
57 1 no
changes
70 2 changes
present
8 3 2
additional items present
51 NA NA
v1831. Information and Education: 9.2 Changes in Education
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
48 1 no
changes
82 2 changes
present
5 3 2
additional items present
51 NA NA
v1832. Information and Education: 9.3 Introduction of Contact Languages,
Foreign Words, Vocabulary Distortion, Pidgin Languages
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
50 1 no
changes
75 2 changes
present
10 3 2
additional items present
51 NA NA
v1833. Health: 10.1 Introduction of Foreign Medical Practices, Hospitals
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
68 0 no
changes
61 1 changes
present
6 2 2
additional items present
51 NA NA
v1834. Health: 10.2 Introduction of Foreign Diseases
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
84 1 no
changes
51 2 changes
present
51 NA NA
v1835. Health: 10.3 Changes in Sanitation Methods
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
104 1 no
changes
31 2 changes
present
51 NA NA
v1836. Religion: 11.1 Changes in Native Religion
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
53 1 no
changes
82 2 changes
present
51 NA NA
v1837. Religion: 11.2 Introduction of Foreign Religion
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
14 1 no
changes
121 2 changes
present
51 NA NA
v1838. Religion: 11.3 Changes in Burial Practices or Other Rituals
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
51 1 no
changes
67 2 changes
present
17 3 2
additional items present
51 NA NA
v1839. Modernization: Sum of Agricultural Changes
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
31 0 no
changes
40 1 1
item
42 2 2
items
20 3 3
items
2 4 4
items
51 NA NA
v1840. Modernization: Sum of Behavior Changes
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
34 1 no
changes
54 2 1
item
40 3 2
items
7 4 3
items
51 NA NA
v1841. Modernization: Sum of Educational Changes
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=7
Freq Value Description
12 0 no
changes
29 1 1
item
52 2 2
items
32 3 3
items
7 4 4
items
2 5 5
items
1 6 6
items
51 NA NA
v1842. Modernization: Sum of Family Changes
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
19 0 no
changes
31 1 1
item
26 2 2
items
34 3 3
items
17 4 4
items
4 5 5
items
4 6 6
items
51 NA NA
v1843. Modernization: Sum of Governmental Changes
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
13 1 no
changes
23 2 1
item
41 3 2
items
39 4 3
items
17 5 4
items
2 6 5
items
51 NA NA
v1844. Modernization: Sum of Religious Changes
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
7 1 no
changes
27 2 1
item
41 3 2
items
45 4 3
items
15 5 4
items
51 NA NA
v1845. Modernization: Sum of Technological Changes
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
22 0 no
changes
43 1 1
item
42 2 2
items
21 3 3
items
5 4 4
items
1 5 5
items
1 6 6
items
51 NA NA
v1846. Modernization: Sum of Toilet Changes
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
15 0 no
changes
66 1 1
item
53 2 2
items
1 3 3
items
51 NA NA
v1847. Modernization: Sum of Trade Changes
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
10 1 no
changes
33 2 1
item
45 3 2
items
37 4 3
items
10 5 4
items
51 NA NA
v1848. Modernization: Sum of Transportation Changes
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
69 0 no
changes
51 1 1
item
12 2 2
items
3 3 3
items
51 NA NA
v1849. Modernization: Sum of All Changes
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique
values=27
Stat Value
nobs 135
mean 18
min 5
max 35
sd 5.707
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Sissel Schroeder. 2001. Secondary Disposal of the Dead: Cross-Cultural
Codes. World Cultures 12(1).
v1850. Secondary Bone/Body Treatment: Original Scale
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
101 1 secondary
contact with the body or bones of the deceased does not occur.
5 3 secondary
contact with the body or bones of the deceased is accorded only to individuals
who are members of the society, but are not resident with their group of
orientation at the time of death (e.g., an adult member has married and resides
with his/her spouse at some distance from the group of orientation; or death
occurs while the individual is on a trip away from the group of orientation).
The body must be returned to the group of orientation for proper burial.
Incidental to the returning process, the body decomposes and secondary disposal
results.
3 4 secondary
contact with the body or bones is practiced, with circumstances of death (e.g.,
struck by lightening, time of year) being the only determinant of whether or
not it is accorded to an individual.
13 5 secondary
contact with the body or bones is the preferred means of disposal for a
proportion of the population, with status, age-grade, kin, or sodality
associations determining if it is accorded to an individual.
38 6 secondary
contact with the body or bones is the preferred means of disposal for all or
nearly all adult members of the society.
2 7 other
form of secondary disposal.
24 NA NA
v1851. Disarticulation: Original Scale
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
92 1 disarticulation
does not occur or is not recoverable archaeologically.
6 3 disarticulation
of human osseous remains occurs prior to final disposal in the case of
individuals who are members of the society, but are not resident with their
group of orientation at the time of death. The body must be returned to the
group of orientation for proper burial. Incidental to the returning process,
the body decomposes and the result is a mass of disarticulated bones, which
must be disposed of.
1 4 disarticulation
of human osseous remains occurs prior to final disposal only in situations
where circumstances of death dictate that the body be curated until a time that
is propitious for final disposal.
17 5 disarticulation
of human osseous remains occurs prior to final disposal in a proportion of
instances, with status, age-grade, kin, or sodality associations being the
determining factor.
33 6 disarticulation
of human osseous remains occurs prior to final disposal in all or nearly all
instances of adult deaths.
13 7 disarticulation
results from scavenger activity.
24 NA NA
v1852. Secondary Bone/Body Treatment: Scale Two
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
101 1 absent
23 2 present
in a minority of cases
38 3 present
in nearly all/all cases
24 NA NA
v1853. Disarticulation: Scale Two
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
92 1 absent
37 2 present
in a minority of cases
33 3 present
in nearly all/all cases
24 NA NA
v1854. Secondary Bone/Body Treatment: Scale Three
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
101 1 absent
61 2 present
24 NA NA
v1855. Disarticulation: Scale Three
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
92 1 absent
70 2 present
24 NA NA
v1856. Secondary Bone/Body Treatment: Scale Four
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
124 1 absent
or in minority of cases only
38 2 present
in nearly all/all cases
24 NA NA
v1857. Disarticulation: Scale Four
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
129 1 absent
or in minority of cases only
33 2 present
in nearly all/all cases
24 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Michael L. Burton. 1999. Language and Region Codes for the Standard
Cross-Cultural Sample. Cross-Cultural Research 33:63-83.
v1858. Region (Burton 1999)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
37 1 Subsaharan
Africa
32 2 Middle
Old World
25 3 Southeast
Asia and Insular Pacific
14 4 Sahul
15 5 North
Eurasia and Circumpolar
6 6 Northwest
Coast of North America
13 7 North
and West of North America
28 8 Eastern
Americas
13 9 Mesoamerica
and Andes
3 10 Far
South America
v1859. Language Family (Burton 1999)
Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=46
First six non-missing records:
society v1859
Nama Khoisan
Kung Khoisan
Thonga Niger-Congo
Lozi Niger-Congo
Mbundu Niger-Congo
Suku Niger-Congo
v1860. Language Subfamily 1 (Burton 1999)
Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=58
First six non-missing records:
society v1860
Nama Khoisan- Southern Khoisan
Kung Khoisan- Southern Khoisan
Thonga Niger Congo- Central
Lozi Niger Congo- Central
Mbundu Niger Congo- Central
Suku Niger Congo- Central
v1861. Language Subfamily 2 (Burton 1999)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=25
Freq Value Description
106 0 Isolate
or no subfamily 2
2 1 Niger
Congo: Central: North Central
16 2 Niger
Congo: Central: South Central
2 3 Nilo-Saharan:
East Sudanic: Nilotic
1 4 Nilo-Saharan:
East Sudanic: Nubian
1 5 Afro-Asiatic:
Cushitic: Central
2 6 Afro-Asiatic:
Cushitic: Eastern
4 7 Afro-Asiatic:
Semitic: Central
1 8 Afro-Asiatic:
Semitic: Southern
3 9 Indo-European:
Indo-Iranian: Indic
2 10 Indo-European:
Indo-Iranian: Iranian
1 11 Sino-Tibetan:
Tibeto-Burman: Tibetic
1 12 Sino-Tibetan:
Tibeto-Burman: Baric
3 13 Sino-Tibetan:
Tibeto-Burman: Burmic
2 14 Austroasiatic:
Mon-Khmer: North
1 15 Austroasiatic:
Mon-Khmer: East
2 16 Austroasiatic:
Mon-Khmer: South
11 17 Austronesian:
Malayo-Polynesian: Western
13 18 Austronesian:
Malayo-Polynesian: Central and Eastern
1 19 Na-Dene:
Athabaskan-Eyak: Eyak
4 20 Na-Dene:
Athabaskan-Eyak: Athabaskan
1 21 Uto-Aztecan:
Southern: Pimic
2 22 Uto-Aztecan:
Southern: Corrachol-Aztecan
3 23 Tupi-Carib:
Tupian: Tupi-Guarani
1 24 Tupi-Carib:
Tupian: Munduruku
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: William Divale. 1999. Climatic Instability, Food Storage, and the
Development of Numerical Counting: A Cross-Cultural Study. Cross-Cultural
Research 33:341-368. and William Divale. 2001. Codes on the Highest Number
Counted for the Standard Sample. World Cultures 12(1):99-104.
v1862. Highest Number Counted
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique
values=24
Freq Value Description
1 1 1
9 2 3
3 3 4
2 4 5
1 5 6
1 6 7
1 7 8
15 8 10
1 9 12
1 10 16
8 11 20
2 12 30
1 13 36
1 14 40
1 15 90
14 16 100
1 17 200
1 18 400
10 19 1000
3 20 2000
1 21 3600
1 22 4000
1 23 5000
13 24 10000
93 NA NA
v1863. Confidence in Making Counting Rating
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=91; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
34 0 Not
confident in making the rating
57 1 Confident
in making the rating
95 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Elizabeth Cashdan. 2001. Ethnic Diversity and Its Environmental
Determinants: Effects of Climate, Pathogens, and Habitat Diversity. American
Anthropopologist 103(4):968-991.
v1864. Concordance: Number of Societies within 100 Mile Radius
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=13
Freq Value
98 0
32 1
14 2
11 3
8 4
9 5
4 6
2 7
1 8
1 10
1 11
1 12
1 13
3 NA
v1865. Concordance: Number of Societies within 150 Mile Radius
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=20
Freq Value
65 0
35 1
21 2
15 3
8 4
10 5
3 6
5 7
1 8
2 9
2 10
5 11
2 12
1 13
1 14
1 16
3 17
1 18
1 20
1 27
3 NA
v1866. Concordance: Number of Societies within 200 Mile Radius
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=26
Freq Value
49 0
29 1
20 2
15 3
11 4
11 5
6 6
5 7
2 8
3 9
2 10
4 11
3 12
2 13
3 14
1 15
2 16
1 17
2 19
1 21
3 24
3 25
1 26
1 28
2 29
1 38
3 NA
v1867. Concordance: Number of Societies within 250 Mile Radius
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=33
Stat Value
nobs 183
mean 7.18
min 0
max 55
sd 9.558
v1868. Concordance: Number of Societies within 300 Mile Radius
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=40
Stat Value
nobs 183
mean 9.863
min 0
max 64
sd 12.492
v1869. Concordance: Number of Societies within 350 Mile Radius
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=48
Stat Value
nobs 183
mean 13
min 0
max 75
sd 16.314
v1870. Concordance: Number of Societies within 400 Mile Radius
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=49
Stat Value
nobs 183
mean 15.896
min 0
max 87
sd 19.539
v1871. Concordance: Number of Societies within 450 Mile Radius
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=52
Stat Value
nobs 183
mean 19.519
min 0
max 99
sd 23.124
v1872. Concordance: Number of Societies within 500 Mile Radius (100
Value)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=62
Stat Value
nobs 183
mean 23.077
min 0
max 106
sd 26.6
v1874. Atlas: Number of Societies within 100 Mile Radius
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=16
Freq Value
54 0
40 1
31 2
18 3
10 4
7 5
7 6
3 7
1 8
3 9
3 10
2 11
1 15
1 20
1 22
1 25
3 NA
v1875. Atlas: Number of Societies within 150 Mile Radius
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=25
Freq Value
31 0
27 1
16 2
12 3
13 4
17 5
13 6
7 7
13 8
7 9
3 10
5 11
4 12
2 13
3 14
1 15
1 17
1 18
1 22
1 23
1 24
1 28
1 34
1 38
1 48
3 NA
v1876. Atlas: Number of Societies within 200 Mile Radius
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=33
Stat Value
nobs 183
mean 8.918
min 0
max 69
sd 10.348
v1877. Atlas: Number of Societies within 250 Mile Radius
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=42
Stat Value
nobs 183
mean 13.246
min 0
max 97
sd 14.363
v1878. Atlas: Number of Societies within 300 Mile Radius (100 Value)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=53
Stat Value
nobs 183
mean 18.699
min 0
max 131
sd 19.117
v1880. Atlas: Number of Societies within 350 Mile Radius (100 Value)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=61
Stat Value
nobs 183
mean 24.361
min 0
max 163
sd 23.967
v1882. Atlas: Number of Societies within 400 Mile Radius (100 Value)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=69
Stat Value
nobs 183
mean 30.738
min 0
max 180
sd 29.641
v1884. Atlas: Number of Societies within 450 Mile Radius (100 Value)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=83
Stat Value
nobs 183
mean 37.689
min 0
max 195
sd 34.793
v1886. Atlas: Number of Societies within 500 Mile Radius (100 Value)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=95
Stat Value
nobs 183
mean 45.066
min 0
max 206
sd 40.071
v1888. Number of Habitats within 100 Mile Radius
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
17 1 1
habitat
58 2 2
habitats
54 3 3
habitats
27 4 4
habitats
16 5 5
habitats
14 NA NA
v1889. Ocean within 100 Miles?
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
96 0 no
76 1 yes
14 NA NA
v1890. Lake within 100 Miles?
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
163 0 no
9 1 yes
14 NA NA
v1891. Number of Habitats within 150 Mile Radius
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
6 1 1
habitat
38 2 2
habitats
59 3 3
habitats
38 4 4
habitats
25 5 5
habitats
5 6 6
habitats
1 7 7
habitats
14 NA NA
v1892. Ocean within 150 Miles?
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
87 0 no
85 1 yes
14 NA NA
v1893. Lake within 150 Miles?
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
161 0 no
11 1 yes
14 NA NA
v1894. Number of Habitats within 200 Mile Radius
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
2 1 1
habitat
22 2 2
habitats
48 3 3
habitats
43 4 4
habitats
35 5 5
habitats
15 6 6
habitats
7 7 7
habitats
14 NA NA
v1895. Ocean within 200 Miles?
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
70 0 no
102 1 yes
14 NA NA
v1896. Lake within 200 Miles?
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
156 0 no
16 1 yes
14 NA NA
v1897. Number of Habitats within 250 Mile Radius
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
1 1 1
habitat
14 2 2
habitats
45 3 3
habitats
36 4 4
habitats
39 5 5
habitats
23 6 6
habitats
11 7 7
habitats
2 8 8
habitats
1 9 9
habitats
14 NA NA
v1898. Ocean within 250 Miles?
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2
Freq Value Description
66 0 no
106 1 yes
14 NA NA
v1899. Lake within 250 Miles?
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
149 0 no
23 1 yes
14 NA NA
v1900. Type of Site: 100 Miles
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
7 1 island
145 2 mainland
20 3 peninsula
14 NA NA
v1901. Type of Site: 150 Miles
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
8 1 island
140 2 mainland
24 3 peninsula
14 NA NA
v1902. Type of Site: 200 Miles
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
13 1 island
134 2 mainland
25 3 peninsula
14 NA NA
v1903. Type of Site: 250 Miles
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
13 1 island
132 2 mainland
27 3 peninsula
14 NA NA
v1905. Latitude
Class=character; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=181
First six non-missing records:
society v1905
Nama 26.50S
Kung 19.50S
Thonga 25.40S
Lozi 17.47S
Mbundu 12.5S
Suku 6.10S
v1907. Longitude
Class=character; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=182
First six non-missing records:
society v1907
Nama 17.10E
Kung 18.30E
Thonga 32.80E
Lozi 24.30E
Mbundu 16.30E
Suku 18.10E
v1908. Is Station within One Degree of Society?
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
30 0 no
156 1 yes
v1909. Is Station within Two Degrees of Society?
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
12 0 no
174 1 yes
v1910. Is Station within Three Degrees of Society?
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
3 0 no
183 1 yes
v1911. Earliest Date Sampled
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=81
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean 1925.242
min 1782
max 1966
sd 27.421
v1912. Number of Years Sampled
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
2 10 10
years
1 12 12
years
1 13 13
years
1 15 15
years
2 16 16
years
2 17 17
years
1 18 18
years
5 19 19
years
171 20 20
years
v1913. Mean Yearly Annual Rainfall (cm)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=185
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean 140.737
min 0.14
max 578.967
sd 106.021
v1914. Coefficient of Variation in Mean Annual Rainfall { Interannual
Variation, i.e., around the Mean of Means of Yearly Rainfalls for N Years of
Observation }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=185
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean 23.527
min 9.376
max 161.225
sd 17.882
v1915. Lowest Yearly Rainfall in the N Years Sampled (cm)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=182
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean 95.873
min 0
max 355.8
sd 77.618
v1916. Highest Yearly Rainfall in the N Years Sampled (cm)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=183
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean 194.755
min 0.8
max 767.4
sd 140.03
v1917. Difference between Maxrain and Minrain (cm)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=183
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean 98.882
min 0.8
max 411.6
sd 71.701
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Paul C. Rosenblatt, R. Patricia Walsh, and Douglas A. Jackson. Grief
and Mourning in Cross-Cultural Perspective. H.R.A.F. Press. 1976.
v1918. Crying Frequency
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=58; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
1 0 Crying
is absent
1 2 2
2 6 6
8 7 7
46 8 Crying
is frequent
128 NA NA
v1919. Crying Duration
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=31; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
1 0 Less
than a few minutes
3 2 2
1 8 8
2 10 10
1 11 11
8 12 12
4 14 14
1 15 15
10 16 More
than a week
155 NA NA
v1920. Male Crying: Frequency
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
8 0 Absent
2 1 1
1 3 3
7 5 5
4 6 6
3 7 7
9 8 Very
frequent
10 9 9
8 10 Occurs
always
134 NA NA
v1921. Female Crying: Frequency
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=56; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
1 0 Absent
1 2 2
1 3 3
2 5 5
1 6 6
4 7 7
13 8 Very
frequent
20 9 9
13 10 Occurs
always
130 NA NA
v1922. Attempted Self-injury: Frequency
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=44; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
20 0 Absent
2 1 1
1 2 2
4 3 3
3 4 4
2 5 5
2 6 6
2 7 7
8 8 Very
frequent
142 NA NA
v1923. Actual Self-injury: Frequency
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=43; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
20 0 Absent
5 1 1
4 2 2
1 3 3
3 4 4
1 6 6
2 7 7
7 8 Very
frequent
143 NA NA
v1924. Male Attempted Self-injury: Frequency
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=31; Number of unique values=9
Freq Value Description
15 0 Absent
1 1 1
5 2 2
1 4 4
2 5 5
2 6 6
3 8 Very
frequent
1 9 9
1 10 Occurs
always
155 NA NA
v1925. Female Attempted Self-injury: Frequency
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=31; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
12 0 Absent
5 2 2
2 3 3
1 4 4
1 5 5
1 6 6
3 7 7
2 8 Very
frequent
3 9 9
1 10 Occurs
always
155 NA NA
v1926. Male Actual Self-injury: Frequency
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=29; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
14 0 Absent
1 1 1
4 2 2
1 4 4
2 5 5
2 6 6
1 7 7
2 8 Very
frequent
1 9 9
1 10 Occurs
always
157 NA NA
v1927. Female Actual Self-injury: Frequency
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=30; Number of unique
values=11
Freq Value Description
11 0 Absent
2 1 1
4 2 2
2 3 3
1 4 4
3 5 5
1 6 6
1 7 7
3 8 Very
frequent
1 9 9
1 10 Occurs
always
156 NA NA
v1928. Institutionalized Attack by Widow of Something or Someone
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=16; Number of unique values=3
Freq Value Description
7 0 Both
raters say it is absent
2 1 Raters
disagree on presence
7 2 Both
raters say it is present
170 NA NA
v1929. Institutionalized Attack by Widower of Something or Someone
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=11; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
7 0 Both
raters say it is absent
1 1 Raters
disagree on presence
3 2 Both
raters say it is present
175 NA NA
v1930. Institutionalized Attack on Self by Widow
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=12; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
6 0 Both
raters say it is absent
1 1 Raters
disagree on presence
5 2 Both
raters say it is present
174 NA NA
v1931. Institutionalized Attack by Adult Offspring of Deceased
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=10; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
6 0 Both
raters say it is absent
1 1 Raters
disagree on presence
3 2 Both
raters say it is present
176 NA NA
v1932. Institutionalized Self Attack by Adult Offspring of Deceased
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=13; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
6 0 Both
raters say it is absent
1 1 Raters
disagree on presence
6 2 Both
raters say it is present
173 NA NA
v1933. Institutionalized Attack by Adult Siblings of Deceased
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=10; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
6 0 Both
raters say it is absent
1 1 Raters
disagree on presence
3 2 Both
raters say it is present
176 NA NA
v1934. Outgroup Member Institutional Target
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=15; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
5 0 Both
raters say it is absent
2 1 Raters
disagree on presence
8 2 Both
raters say it is present
171 NA NA
v1935. Presumed Killer Institutional Target
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=11; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
5 0 Both
raters say it is absent
3 1 Raters
disagree on presence
3 2 Both
raters say it is present
175 NA NA
v1936. Self Institutionalized Target
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=16; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
5 0 Both
raters say it is absent
1 1 Raters
disagree on presence
10 2 Both
raters say it is present
170 NA NA
v1937. Somebody Institutionalized Target
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=24; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
5 0 Both
raters say it is absent
4 1 Raters
disagree on presence
15 2 Both
raters say it is present
162 NA NA
v1938. Something Institutionalized Target
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=19; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
5 0 Both
raters say it is absent
3 1 Raters
disagree on presence
11 2 Both
raters say it is present
167 NA NA
v1939. Something Institutionalized Target, Not a Sacrifice
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=8; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
5 0 Both
raters say it is absent
1 1 Raters
disagree on presence
2 2 Both
raters say it is present
178 NA NA
v1940. Spontaneous Aggression after Sudden Death
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=11; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
5 0 Both
raters say it is absent
1 1 Raters
disagree on presence
5 2 Both
raters say it is present
175 NA NA
v1941. Fear of Ghost Present
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
7 0 Absent
34 1 Present
145 NA NA
v1942. Degree of Fear of Ghost
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique
values=13
Freq Value Description
7 0 None
1 8 8
1 10 10
3 12 12
3 13 13
2 15 15
2 17 17
1 18 18
7 20 20
5 22 22
3 23 23
3 25 25
1 27 27
147 NA NA
v1943. Fear of Bodies Present
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=20; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
12 0 Absent
8 1 Present
166 NA NA
v1944. Sex Difference, Crying
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=48; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
13 2 2
6 3 3
8 4 4
8 5 5
12 6 6
1 8 8
138 NA NA
v1945. Sex Difference, Attempted Self-mutilation
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=17; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
5 2 2
1 3 3
3 4 4
3 5 5
2 6 6
1 8 8
1 9 9
1 10 10
169 NA NA
v1946. Sex Difference, Actual Self-mutilation
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=15; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
4 2 Women
show much more of it than men do
3 4 4
3 5 5
2 6 Sexes
are approximately equal
1 8 8
1 9 9
1 10 Men
show much more of it than women do
171 NA NA
v1947. Sex Difference, Anger and Aggression
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=10; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
1 1 Sexes
are equal
3 2 2
2 3 3
1 4 4
3 5 Men
show much more of the behavior
176 NA NA
v1948. Importance of Ritual Specialists up to and including Initial Body
Disposal
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=45; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
12 0 Specialists
do nothing
8 1 1
4 2 2
3 3 3
3 4 4
6 5 5
3 6 6
2 7 7
2 8 8
2 9 9
141 NA NA
v1949. Ritualization up to and including Initial Disposal
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=62; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
2 1 1
9 2 2
8 3 3
15 4 4
10 5 5
9 6 6
8 7 7
1 8 A
very large amount
124 NA NA
v1950. Amount of Contact by Bereaved with Corpse
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=56; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
3 1 1
1 2 2
10 3 3
10 4 4
12 5 5
11 6 6
7 7 7
2 8 A
very large deal
130 NA NA
v1951. Isolation of Widows
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=34; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
19 0 Absent
15 1 Present
152 NA NA
v1952. Isolation of Widowers
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=32; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
21 0 Absent
11 1 Present
154 NA NA
v1953. Isolation of Adult Offspring of Deceased
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=27; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
24 0 Absent
3 1 Present
159 NA NA
v1954. Isolation of Parent of Deceased Subadult Offspring
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=27; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
24 0 Absent
3 1 Present
159 NA NA
v1955. Marking of Widows
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=47; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
4 0 Absent
43 1 Present
139 NA NA
v1956. Marking of Widowers
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=37; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
5 0 Absent
32 1 Present
149 NA NA
v1957. Marking of Adult Offspring of Deceased
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=29; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
5 0 Absent
24 1 Present
157 NA NA
v1958. Marking of Subadult Offspring of Deceased
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=19; Number of unique values=2
Freq Value Description
5 0 Absent
14 1 Present
167 NA NA
v1959. Marking Duration, Parent of Subadult Offspring
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=16; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
7 0 Absent
2 2 2
1 4 Present
for at least thirty days
1 6 6
1 7 7
4 8 8
170 NA NA
v1960. Ghosts Present
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=59; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
1 0 No
58 1 Yes
127 NA NA
v1961. Ghosts Perceived Are of Those Best Known
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=38; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
2 0 No
7 1 maybe
?
29 2 Yes
148 NA NA
v1962. Eventual Distance of Spirits
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=46; Number of unique
values=13
Freq Value Description
1 0 Close
to survivors
1 2 2
1 3 3
3 5 5
1 7 7
4 8 8
5 10 10
3 12 12
5 13 13
6 15 15
4 17 17
2 18 18
10 20 Always
away from survivors
140 NA NA
v1963. Sororate Present Vs. Absent
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=18; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
2 0 Absent
16 1 Present
168 NA NA
v1964. Percentage of Widow Remarrying
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=27; Number of unique
values=21
Freq Value Description
1 30 15
pct
1 40 20
pct
1 55 37.5
pct
1 90 45
pct
1 95 47.5
pct
1 100 50
pct
2 105 52.5
pct
1 110 55
pct
1 120 60
pct
1 126 63
pct
1 130 65
pct
1 140 70
pct
1 150 75
pct
4 155 77.5
pct
3 160 80
pct
1 165 82.5
pct
1 170 85
pct
1 175 87.5
pct
1 180 90
pct
1 190 95
pct
1 200 100
pct
159 NA NA
v1965. Percentage of Widows Remarrying by Levirate
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=18; Number of unique
values=11
Freq Value Description
3 0 0
pct
1 10 10
pct
1 54 54
pct
1 60 60
pct
1 62 62
pct
1 63 63
pct
1 65 65
pct
4 70 70
pct
2 73 73
pct
1 77 77
pct
2 97 97
pct
168 NA NA
v1966. Levirate Present Vs. Absent
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=37; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
3 0 Absent
34 1 Present
149 NA NA
v1967. Some Personal Objects of Deceased Are Disposed of with Corps or Ggiven
to Other Groups or Put off Sight and Use for Substantional Amount of Time
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=44; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
8 0 No
36 1 Yes
142 NA NA
v1968. Amount of Useful Property Destroyed
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=62; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
13 0 None
9 2 2
9 4 4
2 5 5
11 6 6
6 7 7
9 8 8
2 10 10
1 11 11
124 NA NA
v1969. Name Taboo Present
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
19 0 No
taboo
1 1 1
2 2 2
4 4 Name
taboo present and permanent
3 6 6
1 7 7
10 8 8
146 NA NA
v1970. Dwelling or Room of Deceased Abandoned at Least Temporarily
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=51; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
35 0 No
16 1 Yes
135 NA NA
v1971. Temporary or Permanent Camp or Village Abandonment
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
46 0 No
6 1 Yes
134 NA NA
v1972. Name Taboo, If Present, Applies Primarily to Close Relatives or Behavior
in Presence of Close Relatives of the Deceased
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=15; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
4 0 No
11 1 Yes
171 NA NA
v1973. Cleansing of Widows
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=26; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
9 0 Absent
4 2 Possibly
present
13 4 Definitely
present
160 NA NA
v1974. Ghost Feared Those of People Best Known
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=26; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
1 0 Absent
6 1 Possibly
present
19 2 Definitely
present
160 NA NA
v1975. Initial Funeral Ceremonies, Attendance
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique
values=29
Stat Value
nobs 57
mean 84.667
min 8
max 325
sd 53.602
v1976. Final Funeral Ceremonies, Attendance
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=25; Number of unique
values=19
Freq Value Description
1 5 5
1 13 13
2 28 28
1 35 35
1 39 39
1 50 50
1 51 51
1 65 65
2 69 69
1 75 75
1 88 88
1 90 90
1 107 107
2 125 125
1 138 138
2 175 175
2 200 200
2 225 225
1 999 999
or more
161 NA NA
v1977. Mourning: Duration, Widowers
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=29; Number of unique
values=22
Freq Value Description
1 2 2
1 3 3
1 13 13
1 23 23
1 28 28
1 29 29
2 30 30
1 32 32
1 38 38
1 53 53
1 90 90
1 92 92
1 120 120
1 183 183
1 185 185
1 191 191
1 281 281
6 365 365
2 456 456
1 523 523
1 548 548
1 822 822
157 NA NA
v1978. Mourning: Duration, Widows
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique
values=29
Stat Value
nobs 40
mean 296.575
min 2
max 913
sd 224.786
v1979. Mourning: Duration, Adult Offspring
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=14; Number of unique
values=14
Freq Value Description
1 1 1
1 15 15
1 23 23
1 30 30
1 38 38
1 84 84
1 120 120
1 135 135
1 183 183
1 185 185
1 365 365
1 420 420
1 495 495
1 999 999
days or more
172 NA NA
v1980. Final Ceremonies Present or Absent
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
14 0 Absent
38 1 Present
134 NA NA
v1981. Series of Final Ceremonies
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=24; Number of unique values=2
Freq Value Description
12 0 No
12 1 Yes
162 NA NA
v1982. Final Ceremonies Coincide with Annual Death Ceremonies
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=22; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
21 0 No
1 1 Yes
164 NA NA
v1983. Final Disposal of Remains at Final Ceremony
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=25; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
18 0 No
7 1 Yes
161 NA NA
v1984. Final Ceremonies Terminates Mourning
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=21; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
6 0 No
15 1 Yes
165 NA NA
v1985. Amount of Grief after End of Mourning
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=19; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
2 1 1
4 2 2
2 3 3
1 4 4
4 5 5
1 6 6
5 7 7
167 NA NA
v1986. Feasting at Initial Funeral Ceremonies
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=46; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
21 0 Absent
25 1 Present
140 NA NA
v1987. Games at Initial Funeral Ceremonies
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=33; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
24 0 Absent
9 1 Present
153 NA NA
v1988. Dances at Initial Funeral Ceremonies
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=38; Number of unique values=2
Freq Value Description
27 0 Absent
11 1 Present
148 NA NA
v1989. Sexual Liberties at Initial Funeral Ceremonies
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=18; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
17 0 Absent
1 1 Present
168 NA NA
v1990. Alcohol at Initial Funeral Ceremonies
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=35; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
20 0 Absent
15 1 Present
151 NA NA
v1991. Feasting at Final Funeral Ceremonies
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=27; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
3 0 Absent
24 1 Present
159 NA NA
v1992. Games at Final Funeral Ceremonies
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=10; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
6 0 Absent
4 1 Present
176 NA NA
v1993. Dances at Final Funeral Ceremonies
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=19; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
6 0 Absent
13 1 Present
167 NA NA
v1994. Sexual Liberties at Final Funeral Ceremonies
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=9; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
5 0 Absent
4 1 Present
177 NA NA
v1995. Alcohol at Final Funeral Ceremonies
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=18; Number of unique values=2
Freq Value Description
6 0 Absent
12 1 Present
168 NA NA
v1996. Final Ceremonies Held for More than One Death at a Time
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=15; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
10 0 No
5 1 Yes
171 NA NA
v1997. Degree of Christian Influence
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=67; Number of unique
values=11
Freq Value Description
45 0 None
2 2 2
5 10 10
2 15 15
1 20 20
4 30 30
2 40 40
1 45 45
2 60 60
2 70 70
1 80 Entirely
Christian
119 NA NA
v1998. Belief in Reincarnation of Deceased Adults
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
33 0 None
2 1 1
6 2 2
3 3 3
9 4 Strong
belief
133 NA NA
v1999. Conflict and Resentment over Property Inheritance
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=19; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
3 0 None
4 2 2
1 3 3
1 4 4
6 6 6
1 7 7
3 8 High
degree of that
167 NA NA
v2000. Age of Marriage, Females N Is 35
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=35; Number of unique
values=26
Freq Value Description
1 8.2 8.2
1 9 9
1 11.5 11.5
1 12 12
1 12.5 12.5
2 13 13
2 13.3 13.3
1 13.5 13.5
1 13.8 13.8
1 14.2 14.2
1 14.5 14.5
1 15 15
3 15.5 15.5
1 15.8 15.8
5 16 16
1 16.2 16.2
1 16.5 16.5
1 16.7 16.7
1 17.2 17.2
1 17.3 17.3
2 17.8 17.8
1 18 18
1 18.5 18.5
1 20.3 20.3
1 20.5 20.5
1 25.3 25.3
151 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Andrey Korotayev and Daria Khaltourina. Andrey Korotayev. 2004. World
Religions and Social Evolution of the Old World Oikumene Civilizations: A
Cross-cultural Perspective.
v2001. Deep Islamization/Christianization (1806)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
161 1 Neither
19 2 Deep
Islamization
6 3 Deep
Chrisianization
v2002. World Religions (1807)
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
116 1 Indigenous
religion
19 2 Deep
Islamization
6 3 Deep
Christianization
7 4 Superficial
Islamization
24 5 Superficial
Christianization
6 6 Mahayana
Buddhism
2 7 Hinayana
Buddhism
2 8 Vajrayana
Buddhism
4 9 Hinduism
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Snarey, John R. 1996. The Natural Environment's Impact upon Religious
Ethics: A Cross-Cultural Study. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion.
35(2):85-96.
v2003. Rain
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
111 1 >40in/year
58 2 Moderate
17 3 <10in/year
v2004. Terrain
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
44 1 Surface
Water
37 2 Moderate
105 3 Surface
H20 Scarce
v2005. Water
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
126 1 Neither
Rain nor Surface H2O high
60 2 Either
Rain or Surface H20 high
v2006. Missions
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
73 1 Premissionized
113 2 Missionized
v2007. Higod4
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
69 1 Absent
51 2 Present,
inactive, unconcerned
23 3 Present,
active, unconcerned with humans
43 4 Present,
active, supportive of morality
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Karen Paige Ericksen and Heather Horton. 1992. "Blood Feuds":
Cross-Cultural Variations in Kin Group Vengeance . Cross-Cultural Research
26(1-4): 57-85
v2008. Legitimacy of Kin Group Vengeance
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=168; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
38 1 Moral
Imperative
14 2 Most
Appropriate
18 3 Circumstantial
20 4 Last
Resort
63 5 Formal
Adjudication Only
15 6 Individual
Self-Redress
18 NA NA
v2009. Target of Kin Group Vengeance
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
77 0 Not
applicable: Category 5 or 6 for Legitimacy of Kin Group Vengence
36 1 Anyone
in the malefactors kin group
23 2 The
malefactor if possible; otherwise, selected members of his kin group
24 3 The
malefactor only
26 NA NA
v2010. Internal War (Variant of Nammour 1974 Variable - 891)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=147; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
16 1 Chronic
49 2 Sporadic
82 3 Infrequent
39 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: BEYOND WAR Douglas P. Fry. 2007. Beyond War: The Human Potential for
Peace. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.
v2011. Warfare [fry_war] (Armed Conflict between Political Communities)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
167 1 Nonhunters
or Warfare (Armed conflict between political communities)
19 2 No
warfare (No Armed conflict between political communities)
v2012. Hunters and Gatherers
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
21 1 Simple
hunters (and getherers): Nomadic and egalitarian, lack ranked social
hierarchies and well-defined positions of leadership and authority
14 2 Complex
hunters (and getherers): Nomadism partial or lacking, and may have elaborate
economic and political status differences, rank-distinctions and chiefs
151 3 Other
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Sanderson, Stephen K., and Wesley W. Roberts. 2008. The Evolutionary
Forms of the Religious Life: A Cross-Cultural, Quantitative Analysis. American
Anthropologist 110(4):454-466. 454-466.
v2013. Stages of Religious Evolution
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=176; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
8 -1 Too
missionized
30 1 Shamanistic
89 2 Communal
12 3 Polytheistic
37 4 Monotheistic
10 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Ralph B. Hupka and James M. Ryan. 1990. The Cultural Contribution To
Jealousy: Cross-Cultural Aggression in Sexual Jealousy Situations. Cross-Cultural
Research 24(1-4): 51-71.
v2014. Male Jealousy: Reactions to a an Adulterous Wife
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=79; Number of unique
values=20
Freq Value Description
1 5 5
6 9 9
1 10 10
1 13 13
3 14 14
1 15 15
2 16 16
11 18 18
2 20 20
2 21 21
1 23 23
3 24 24
1 26 26
6 27 27
5 28 28
1 30 30
1 31 31
9 32 32
3 34 34
19 36 36
107 NA NA
v2015. Female Jealousy: Reactions to a an Adulterous Husband
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
1 8 8
10 9 9
2 15 15
17 18 18
1 23 23
1 24 24
3 27 27
1 32 32
1 34 34
3 36 36
146 NA NA
v2016. Pair Bonding: Marriage Bonds Difficult to Break, Importance and
Necessity of Marriage
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=79; Number of unique
values=24
Freq Value Description
3 2 2
1 4 4
1 6 6
1 7 7
3 8 8
2 9 9
4 10 10
4 12 12
1 13 13
2 14 14
2 15 15
1 16 16
1 17 17
7 18 18
2 20 20
6 21 21
2 22 22
10 24 24
2 26 26
6 27 27
6 28 28
5 32 32
1 34 34
6 36 36
107 NA NA
v2017. Attitudes to Progeny: Pair Bonds Strengthened by Presence of
Children
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=79; Number of unique
values=23
Freq Value Description
2 2 2
1 4 4
1 5 5
1 6 6
2 8 8
1 9 9
7 10 10
4 12 12
6 14 14
4 15 15
4 16 16
10 18 18
1 20 20
4 21 21
1 23 23
6 24 24
1 25 25
1 26 26
11 27 27
4 28 28
2 32 32
2 35 35
3 36 36
107 NA NA
v2018. Property: Importance of Private Ownership of Property and Severity of
Punishment for Theft
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=79; Number of unique
values=19
Freq Value Description
2 4 4
1 5 5
1 8 8
1 9 9
7 10 10
4 12 12
2 14 14
5 15 15
2 16 16
11 18 18
5 20 20
8 21 21
1 22 22
7 24 24
12 27 27
5 28 28
2 30 30
1 34 34
2 36 36
107 NA NA
v2019. Sexual Gratification: Extent to Which Sexual Activity Was Restricted to
Matrimony
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=79; Number of unique
values=22
Freq Value Description
2 1 1
3 2 2
3 3 3
2 4 4
2 5 5
4 6 6
1 8 8
1 9 9
3 10 10
3 12 12
6 15 15
1 16 16
4 18 18
2 20 20
1 21 21
1 22 22
8 24 24
10 27 27
5 28 28
1 30 30
6 32 32
10 36 36
107 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Pryor, Frederic L. 2003. Economic Systems of Foragers. Cross-Cultural
Research 37(4):393-426. http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/Economics/fpryor1/
v2020. Economic System, Derived from Cluster Analysis. (Pryor I)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
12 1 classic
foragers
13 2 transition
foragers
9 3 unequal-politically
foragers
13 4 unequal-socioeconomically
foragers
10 5 unequal-intangibles
foragers
129 NA NA
v2021. Distribution of Wealth
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
17 1 general
equality
6 1.5 minor
inequality
17 2 some
differences in wealth
3 2.5 differences
in wealth
14 3 considerable
differences in wealth
129 NA NA
v2022. Food Sharing/Redistribution { Composite Variable including Both Food
Shared On-the-spot Where Foraged (Weight of 1/3) and Food Shared-in-camp
(Weight of 2/3) . }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique
values=40
Stat Value
nobs 57
mean 2.489
min 0.667
max 4
sd 0.801
v2023. Market Exchange or Barter { Market Exchange Appears to Form a Guttman
Scale: Little Internal Market Exchange Occurred in the Absence of Considerable
External Market Exchange, While the Reverse Did Not Hold. }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
2 1 little
or no market exchange
4 1.5 some
market exchange
12 2 market
exchange but primarily with few external traders
8 2.5 market
exchange with some external traders
11 3 market
exchange with many external agents
2 3.5 external
market exchange with incipient internal market exchange
10 4 external
market exchange plus some internal market exchange as well
4 4.5 external
and internal market exchange
4 5 considerable
internal and external market exchange.
129 NA NA
v2024. Taxation or Tribute
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
47 0 political
leader had no special rights to part of foraging produce of others
1 0.5 political
leader has very limited special rights to part of foraging produce of
others
9 1 political
leader had special rights to part of foraging produce of others, which can
either be redistributed or kept for personal use.
129 NA NA
v2025. Possession of Land { Composite Variable Running from 0 through 4, Coding
the Degree to Which Groups and Persons Claimed Exclusive Rights to Land.
}
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
5 0 0
2 0.5 0.5
14 1 1
22 2 2
3 2.5 2.5
6 3 3
4 4 4
1 5 5
129 NA NA
v2026. Food Storage
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
21 1 no
storage or short-term storage (for several days) or storage only of luxury
foods
1 1.5 storage
less than seasonal only
29 2 food
storage in one season to last over other seasons for nourishment purposes
2 2.5 food
storage very rarely more than a year
4 3 food
storage covering more than a years nourishment needs (surplus could be used for
other purposes such as ceremonial use).
129 NA NA
v2027. Slave Holding
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
40 1 no
slaves at focus date
1 1.5 war
captives taken, but treated well
9 2 presence
of slaves, but usually held only by elite
2 2.5 presence
of slaves, more than elite can hold
5 3 presence
of slaves and all could hold.
129 NA NA
v2028. Property in Intangibles, Especially Curing Techniques
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
7 1 knowledge
widely shared
1 1.5 some
knowledge widely shared, other specialized but economically unimportant to
owner
14 2 knowledge
specialized but economically unimportant to owner
11 2.5 knowledge
specialized, but only some serves as important source of income
24 3 knowledge
specialized and constituted an important source of income
129 NA NA
v2029. Extent of Bridewealth
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
40 1 none,
small gifts, mutual exchange of gifts, or a substitute form of compensation
such as bride service
2 1.5 insignificant
bridewealth, and only used by some persons
7 2 some,
but not significant wealth involved
8 3 significant
wealth involved
129 NA NA
v2030. Inheritance of Movable Property
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
10 1 very
little; most movable property destroyed or buried with corpse
7 1.5 little
inherited
20 2 some
property inherited, some destroyed or buried
5 2.5 most
property inherited
15 3 significant
share of movable property inherited
129 NA NA
v2031. Territoriality and Predominant Unit of Land Holding
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
6 0 no
significant territoriality
1 0.5 only
weak claims to territory, by tribe as a whole
14 1 territory
claimed by tribe as a whole
1 2 territory
claimed by subgroups of tribe larger than the band
26 3 territory
claimed by band or local group
7 4 territory
claimed by extended family, gens, or clan
2 5 territory
claimed by small families or individuals
129 NA NA
v2032. Importance of Private Land Holding by Individuals or Families
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
25 1 private
land either nonexistent, unimportant, or casual
3 1.5 rarely,
sites held private
18 2 particular
(non-critical) areas or sites held private, such as individual trees
4 2.5 a
few larger areas held privately
5 3 large
areas held privately, but also some large community land
2 4 most
land divided privately (individuals or families)
129 NA NA
v2033. Political Centralization: Composite Variable Running from 0 through 4 {
Equally Weighting the Political Leaders Relative Wealth; the Power of the
Political Leader (Leader Was Weak and Operated Though Influence, Weak and
Worked with a Council, Strong but Worked with a Council, Strong and Ruled
Alone) ; the Formal Nature of Political Leadership (Leadership Was Informal,
Leader Selected in Semi-formal or Formal Process, or Leadership Inherited) ;
and Extent of Power (Strictly Local, over Several Local Groups, or over Tribe)
. }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique
values=19
Freq Value Description
17 0 0
3 0.25 0.25
4 0.5 0.5
2 0.75 0.75
2 0.833333333 0.833333333
1 0.916666667 0.916666667
7 1 1
1 1.166666667 1.166666667
1 1.416666667 1.416666667
7 1.5 1.5
1 1.583333333 1.583333333
1 1.75 1.75
1 1.833333333 1.833333333
3 2 2
1 2.25 2.25
1 2.333333333 2.333333333
2 3 3
1 3.166666667 3.166666667
1 3.25 3.25
129 NA NA
v2034. Social Differentiation of Free Individuals (I. E., excluding
Slaves)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
31 1 general
egalitarianism
5 1.5 some
social ranking
10 2 individuals
or families ranked
6 2.5 social
ranking important
5 3 at
least two distinct classes with considerable inheritance of status. There were
no societies with castes.
129 NA NA
v2035. Fixity of Residence/Nomadism { The Basic Distinction Is between
Societies with and without Permanent Homes. }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
12 1 Society
without permanent homes, roaming the entire year
1 1.5 Society
either roams the entire year, or uses temporary stationary encampment for some
months
15 2 Society
has temporary stationary encampment for some months and roams the remainder of
the year
3 2.5 Society
is nomadic part of the year; it either has permanent homes, or uses temporary
stationary encampment
8 3 Society
has permanent homes, but is nomadic for part of the year
3 4 Society
moves between two or more permanent homes
15 5 Society
had single permanent home for many years
129 NA NA
v2036. Average Population Size of Most Significant Local Group
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
23 1 1
to 50
5 1.5 1
to 99
4 2 50
to 99
8 2.5 50
to 149
1 3 100
to 149
5 4 150
to 199
3 4.5 150
to 249
1 5 200
to 249
1 5.5 200
to over 250
6 6 over
250
129 NA NA
v2037. Contact with the West, during the Pinpointed Year
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
24 1 relatively
little contact with white traders, missionaries, or officials
13 1.5 contact,
but too little to have important impact on the economy
20 2 sufficient
contact with white traders, missionaries, or officials to have an important
impact on the economy.
129 NA NA
v2038. Presence of Gambling
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
31 1 none
2 1.5 gambling
occurred among some groups of the society but not others
5 2 some
3 2.5 gambling
occurred but its importance is difficult to judge
16 3 considerable.
129 NA NA
v2039. Presence of Potlatch { Potlatch Covers Those Ceremonies in Which Large
Quantities of Property Are given Away or Destroyed by the Owner to Demonstrate
the Owners Wealth and Thus Prestige. }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
49 1 not
present
6 2 present
but property given away and not destroyed
2 3 property
either given away or destroyed.
129 NA NA
v2040. Rights in Women
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
23 1 women
have sole right to choose own husband
13 1.5 women
and family jointly choose her husband
18 2 family
has dominant rights in selecting a womans husband
1 2.5 family
and men jointly determine a mans wife
2 3 men
in the family use their rights in determining a womans husband to obtain a
spouse for themselves.
129 NA NA
v2041. Transportation of Stored Food
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
18 1 no
storage or stored food carried on back
39 2 use
of horses, sleds, or boats to transport stored foods
129 NA NA
v2042. Demand-sharing
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=56; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
8 1 yes,
if an article was requested in some way, it was usually handed over. This could
occur in the form either of direct asking, considerable scrounging, or
tolerated theft.
2 1.5 widespread
demand sharing, but more pronounced for certain goods
20 2 demand
sharing occurred only for certain goods, for instance, food
1 2.5 sometimes
sharing, sometimes reciprocity
5 3 demand
reciprocity - if an article was requested, the recipient gave a gift before
asking
4 4 only
the chief or leader required to honor requests
1 4.5 even
chief or leader rarely required to honor requests
15 5 no
demand-sharing.
130 NA NA
v2043. Carneiro Complexity Measure
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique
values=29
Stat Value
nobs 57
mean 43.877
min 7
max 332
sd 51.56
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Appendices to Frederic L. Pryor, 2005. Economic Systems of Foraging,
Agriculture, and Industrial Societies. New York: Cambridge University Press.
http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/Economics/fpryor1/
v2044. Economic System (Pryor II)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
8 1 herding
plus economic system
14 2 egalitarian
farming economic system
5 3 individualistic
farming economic system
13 4 semi-marketized
farming economic system.
146 NA NA
v2045. Communal or Private Ownership of Fields
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
1 0 No
ownership or individual use rights recognized
5 1 communal
fields, individual use rights not recognized
2 1.5 communal
fields, individual use rights partially recognized
2 2 communal
fields, individual use rights recognized
4 3 fields
owned by large family unit (clan, gens, sib), use rights assigned to
individuals
3 3.5 fields
owned both by large family unit (clan, gens, sib), and by individuals or small
family unit
23 4 fields
owned by individuals or small family unit
1 5 strongest
form of fields owned by individuals or small family unit
145 NA NA
v2046. Individual Use Rights to Fields, Bounded or Absolute
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
3 0 no
use rights over land recognized
5 1 land
communally held or held by large kin groups, and use directed by headman or
kin-group head
12 2 land
rights held by individual or small family unit, but community or large kin
group can regulate sale or intervene in other ways
6 2.5 land
rights held by individual or small family unit, some regulation by larger
community
15 3 land
rights held by individual or small family unit, and neither community nor large
kin group intervenes.
145 NA NA
v2047. Individual Ownership of Unfarmed but Usable (Empty) Lands
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
2 0 empty
lands open to all
1 0.5 empty
lands in some cases open to all, in other cases assigned by community
leaders
19 1 empty
lands and meadows held by community or large kin group directed by leaders of
community or kin group, and individual rights assigned when needed.
1 1.5 empty
lands in some cases assigned by community leaders, in other cases controlled by
individuals or small family unit
17 2 empty
lands held and controlled by individuals or small family unit.
146 NA NA
v2048. Rate of Land Rents
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
17 1 no
rents
3 1.5 in
some cases no rents, in others middle range rents (up to 25% of crop)
6 2 middle
range rents (up to 25% of crop)
2 2.5 some
rents below 25%, some between 25 and 50% of crop
6 3 rents
between 25 and 50 % of crop
7 3.5 some
rents between 25 and 50% of crop, some over 50%
145 NA NA
v2049. Tenancy
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
15 1 use
rights or ownership almost always by actual farmer or herder
5 1.5 land
mostly used by owners, but it appears that some lands rented
10 2 some
lands rented
5 2.5 between
some and most lands rented
4 3 most
lands rented
1 4 most
land farmed by hired or unfree laborers (considered as a form of
tenancy).
146 NA NA
v2050. Mutual Aid in Farming or Herding
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=38; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
9 0 farming
done usually by individuals or small family groups with little outside help
from friends, neighbors, or relatives
14 0.5 both
self-sufficient households and labor exchanges among households
15 1 considerable
mutual aid or labor exchanges.
148 NA NA
v2051. Work-coordination
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
12 0 each
individual farmer or herder works on own schedule
5 0.5 slight
evidence of coordination among autonomous households
5 1 farming
or herding activities coordinated to a certain degree because of the exigencies
of irrigation or grazing
2 1.5 coordination
among households beyond exigencies of irrigation or grazing
15 2 extensive
coordination of agricultural activities of individual farmers or herders.
147 NA NA
v2052. Unfree Labor in the Last Two Centuries
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
18 1 none
2 1.5 very
minor slavery or serfdom
12 2 some
slavery or serfdom, but not extensive
5 2.5 moderate
to extensive slavery or serfdom
4 3 extensive
use of slave or serf labor.
145 NA NA
v2053. Unfree Labor at the Pinpointed Date
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
34 1 none
1 1.5 very
minor slavery or serfdom
4 2 some
slavery or serfdom, but not extensive
1 2.5 moderate
to extensive slavery or serfdom
1 3 extensive
use of slave or serf labor.
145 NA NA
v2054. Inheritance by All Children or Primogeniture, Considering Only the
Inheritance of Land (in a Cultivating Society) or Herds (in a Herding
Society)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
3 0 no
inheritance
7 1 inheritance
split among all children
8 1.5 inheritance
sometimes split among all children, sometimes among children of one sex
11 2 inheritance
split among children of one sex
10 2.5 inheritance
sometimes split among children of one sex, sometimes primarily by one
child
2 3 inheritance
primarily by one child.
145 NA NA
v2055. Central Redistribution of Food, Either by the Headman, the Big Man, a
Clan Leader, or a Church
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique values=4
Freq Value Description
22 1 little
such redistribution
8 1.5 little
to moderate redistribution
8 2 moderate
redistribution
2 3 considerable
redistribution.
146 NA NA
v2056. Trade of Goods with Other Communities
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
1 1 not
important
2 1.5 very
minor importance
8 2 somewhat
important (roughly 5% of total production of goods)
5 2.5 important
24 3 very
important (more than 10% of total production of goods).
146 NA NA
v2057. Intra-community Trade of Goods Made within the Community and Traded with
Other Community Members
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
13 1 not
important
12 1.5 very
minor importance
2 2 somewhat
important (roughly 5% of total production of goods)
3 2.5 important
9 3 very
important (more than 10% of total production of goods).
147 NA NA
v2058. Importance of Wage Labor outside the Community
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
14 1 little
such activity
9 1.5 very
minor importance
5 2 somewhat
important (roughly 5% of the total labor supply)
2 2.5 important
10 3 very
important (roughly 10 %of more of the total labor supply)
146 NA NA
v2059. Importance of Wage Labor inside the Community
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
11 1 little
such activity
9 1.5 very
minor importance
6 2 somewhat
important (roughly 5% of the total labor supply)
1 2.5 important
14 3 very
important (roughly 10 %of more of the total labor supply)
145 NA NA
v2060. Interest on Loans
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=37; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
8 1 none
8 2 interest
charged, but primarily on commercial loans (such as loans by
moneylenders)
7 2.5 interest
charged, primarily commercial, but occasionally on personal loans
14 3 interest
charged on most loans, commercial or personal (except from close
relatives).
149 NA NA
v2061. Inequality of Wealth in the Form of Land Holdings and Herds
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
1 1 general
equality
10 2 some
differences in wealth
8 2.5 differences
in wealth
21 3 considerable
differences in wealth.
146 NA NA
v2062. Relative Wealth of Political Leaders in the Community
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
10 1 local
political leader has little more wealth than others
7 1.5 local
political leader has more wealth than others, but not among the wealthiest in
the community
22 2 local
political leader among the wealthiest in community.
147 NA NA
v2063. Social Inequality of Free Population
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
1 1 general
egalitarianism
6 1.5 some
social ranking, but not that important
14 2 social
ranking important
2 2.5 social
ranking very important
18 3 at
least two distinct classes or castes, other than slaves and royalty.
145 NA NA
v2064. Presence of Irrigation
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
17 0 no
irrigation
3 0.5 some
use of irrigation
21 1 considerable
use of irrigation.
145 NA NA
v2065. Political Centralization { Unweighted Average Of: Relative Wealth of
Local Political Leader, Power of Local Leader, Selection of Political Leader,
Extent of Local Political Hierarchy, and Level of Sovereignty-Each Scaled from
0 (Low Centralization) to 4 (High Centralization) }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique
values=32
Stat Value
nobs 41
mean 1.885
min 0.3
max 4
sd 0.953
v2066. Number of Persons in Community
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique
values=12
Freq Value Description
3 1 1
to 50
1 1.5 1
to 99
3 2 50
to 99
1 2.5 50
to 149
2 3 100
to 149
3 4 150
to 199
3 4.5 150
to 249
3 6.5 250
to 399
3 7 300
to 399
2 8 400
to 500
1 8.5 400
to over 500
16 9 over
500
145 NA NA
v2067. Capital Intensity of Production { One Point Each for the Presence of
Plows, Irrigation, Terracing, and Fertilization. One Point for 15 to 35%
Reliance on Animal Husbandry for Food; Two Points for 35 to 65% Reliance; Three
Points for 65 to 85% Reliance; and Four Points for 85% or More Reliance. the
Total Capital Intensity Was the Sum of These Two Calculations, but Truncated at
4. }
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique values=7
Freq Value Description
3 0 0
1 0.5 0.5
1 1.5 1.5
5 2 2
1 2.5 2.5
5 3 3
25 4 4
145 NA NA
v2068. Form of Rent
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
16 0 no
rent
2 1 payment
in labor
5 2 fixed
payment in crops (often simply a symbolic rent)
1 2.5 sometimes
fixed payment in crops, sometimes share in crops
13 3 payment
in a share of the crop
3 4 fixed
money rent
146 NA NA
v2069. Presence of Gambling. (Pryor II)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=38; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
1 0 none
21 1 little
or none
4 1.5 occasional
6 2 some
4 2.5 frequent
2 3 considerable
148 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Chick, Garry, and John W. Loy. Making Men of Them: Male Socialization
for Warfare and Combative Sports. World Cultures 12, no. 1 (2001): 2-17.
v2070. Combative Sports 56: Number of individual combative sports
reported
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
52 0 None
reported
37 1 One
reported
14 2 Two
reported
5 3 Three
reported
2 4 Four
reported
76 NA NA
v2071. Combative Sports 57: Data quality, individual combative sports
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
17 1 Low
24 2 LowMedium
46 3 Medium
22 4 MediumHigh
1 5 High
76 NA NA
v2072. Combative Sports 58: Level of aggression in indvcs
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
25 1 Body
contact but no mention of frequency of injuries
3 2 Weapons
used but no mention of frequency of injuries
1 3 Body
contact resulting in few or no injuries
4 5 Body
contact resulting in frequent and/or severe injuries
3 6 Weapons
used resulting in frequent and/or severe injuries
74 8 No
information on frequency or severity of injuries
76 NA NA
v2073. Combative Sports 59: Data quality, level of aggressiveness in individual
combative sports
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
17 1 Low
15 2 LowMedium
12 3 Medium
4 4 MediumHigh
62 8 No
information
76 NA NA
v2074. Combative Sports 60: Participants in individual combative sports
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
15 1 Men
only
13 2 Men
and boys
5 3 Boys
only
2 5 Mixed
groups (M&F)
75 8 Insufficient
information to determine participation
76 NA NA
v2075. Combative Sports 61: Data quality, participants in individual combative
sports
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
15 1 Low
8 2 LowMedium
12 3 Medium
9 4 MediumHigh
4 5 High
62 8 No
information
76 NA NA
v2076. Combative Sports 62: Number of team combative sports reported
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique
values=4
Freq Value Description
75 0 No
team combative sports reported
23 1 One
ream combative sport reported
8 2 Two
team combative sports reported
4 3 Three
team combative sports reported
76 NA NA
v2077. Combative Sports 63: Data quality, team combative sports
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
25 1 Low
22 2 LowMedium
40 3 Medium
19 4 MediumHigh
3 5 High
1 8 No
information
76 NA NA
v2078. Combative Sports 64: Level of aggression in team combative sports
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
2 1 Body
contact but no mention of frequency of injuries
4 2 Weapons
used but no mention of frequency of injuries
1 3 Body
contact resulting in few or no injuries
1 4 Use
of weapons largely symbolic, few or no injuries
4 5 Violent
body contact, frequent and/or severe injuries
3 6 Weapons
used resulting in frequent and/or severe injuries
95 8 No
information on frequency or severity of injuries
76 NA NA
v2079. Combative Sports 65: Data quality, level of aggression in team combative
sports
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
15 1 Low
3 2 LowMedium
10 3 Medium
1 4 MediumHigh
1 5 High
80 8 No
information
76 NA NA
v2080. Combative Sports 66: Participants in team combative sports
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
3 1 Men
only
2 2 Men
and boys
5 3 Boys
only
2 4 Women
only
8 5 Mixed
groups (M&F)
90 8 No
information on participants in team combative sports
76 NA NA
v2081. Combative Sports 67: Data quality, participants in team combative
sports
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
8 1 Low
3 2 LowMedium
2 3 Medium
8 4 MediumHigh
7 5 High
82 8 No
information
76 NA NA
v2082. Combative Sports 68: Number of sham combats reported
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
76 0 None
reported
24 1 One
reported
8 2 Two
reported
1 3 Three
reported
1 4 Four
reported
76 NA NA
v2083. Combative Sports 69: Data quality, sham combats
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
19 1 Low
13 2 LowMedium
54 3 Medium
21 4 MediumHigh
3 5 High
76 NA NA
v2084. Combative Sports 70: Level of aggression in sham combats
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
1 1 Body
contact but no mention of frequency of injuries
16 2 Weapons
used but no mention of frequency of injuries
5 4 Use
of weapons largely symbolic, few or no injuries
6 6 Use
of weapons resulting in frequent and/or severe injuries
82 8 No
information on frequency or severity of injuries
76 NA NA
v2085. Combative Sports 71: Data quality, aggression in sham combats
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
4 1 Low
13 2 LowMedium
8 3 Medium
8 4 MediumHigh
1 5 High
76 8 No
information
76 NA NA
v2086. Combative Sports 72: Participants, sham combats
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
7 1 Men
only
8 2 Men
and boys
9 3 Boys
only
1 5 Mixed
groups (M&F)
83 8 No
information on participants in team combative sports
2 9 Confusing
or contradictory information
76 NA NA
v2087. Combative Sports 73: Data quality, participants in sham combats
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
9 1 Low
5 2 LowMedium
6 3 Medium
9 4 MediumHigh
5 5 High
76 8 No
information
76 NA NA
v2088. Combative Sports 74: Number of non combative sports reported
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique
values=11
Freq Value Description
19 0 None
reported
22 1 One
reported
22 2 Two
reported
13 3 Three
reported
10 4 Four
reported
6 5 Five
reported
6 6 Six
reported
5 7 Seven
reported
3 8 Eight
reported
1 9 Nine
reported
3 10 Ten
reported
76 NA NA
v2089. Combative Sports 75: Data quality, non combative sports
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
16 1 Low
40 2 LowMedium
41 3 Medium
9 4 MediumHigh
3 5 High
1 8 No
information
76 NA NA
v2090. Combative Sports 76: Participants in non combative sports
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
12 1 Men
only
18 2 Men
and boys
7 3 Boys
only
1 4 Women
only
16 5 Mixed
groups (M&F)
56 8 No
information on participants in non combative sports
76 NA NA
v2091. Combative Sports 77: Data quality, participants in non combative
sprts
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique
values=6
Freq Value Description
22 1 Low
15 2 LowMedium
26 3 Medium
12 4 MediumHigh
2 5 High
33 8 No
information
76 NA NA
v2092. Combative Sports 78: Combative sport present (0-1 var from #56, #62,
#68)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
28 0 Absent
82 1 Present
76 NA NA
v2093. Combative Sports 79: Total number of sports reported (sum of
#56,#62,#68,#74)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique
values=14
Freq Value Description
9 0 0
10 1 1
17 2 2
15 3 3
13 4 4
10 5 5
8 6 6
7 7 7
7 8 8
6 9 9
1 10 10
3 11 11
1 12 12
3 14 14
76 NA NA
v2094. Combative Sports 80: Proportion of individual combative sports (#56 /
#79)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=101; Number of unique
values=20
Freq Value Description
43 0 0
2 0.071 0.071
1 0.091 0.091
1 0.1 0.1
1 0.111 0.111
2 0.125 0.125
3 0.143 0.143
4 0.167 0.167
1 0.182 0.182
5 0.2 0.2
1 0.222 0.222
4 0.25 0.25
2 0.286 0.286
10 0.333 0.333
2 0.375 0.375
2 0.4 0.4
1 0.429 0.429
8 0.5 0.5
3 0.667 0.667
5 1 1
85 NA NA
v2095. Combative Sports 81: Proportion of team combative sports (#62 /
#79)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=101; Number of unique
values=17
Freq Value Description
66 0 0
2 0.071 0.071
1 0.083 0.083
1 0.111 0.111
2 0.125 0.125
1 0.143 0.143
2 0.167 0.167
2 0.182 0.182
3 0.2 0.2
1 0.214 0.214
8 0.25 0.25
1 0.286 0.286
4 0.333 0.333
1 0.4 0.4
1 0.429 0.429
4 0.5 0.5
1 1 1
85 NA NA
v2096. Combative Sports 82: Proportion of sham combats (#68 / #79)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=101; Number of unique
values=15
Freq Value Description
67 0 0
1 0.071 0.071
1 0.083 0.083
1 0.111 0.111
2 0.125 0.125
3 0.143 0.143
3 0.167 0.167
1 0.182 0.182
6 0.2 0.2
3 0.222 0.222
2 0.25 0.25
3 0.333 0.333
6 0.5 0.5
1 0.667 0.667
1 1 1
85 NA NA
v2097. Combative Sports 83: Proportion of non combative sports (#74 /
#79)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=101; Number of unique
values=27
Stat Value
nobs 101
mean 0.6
min 0
max 1
sd 0.303
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Stephans, W.N. 1962 The Oedipus complex. Glencoe, Ill., Free Press.
p305 Appendix 2
v2098. Severity of sex training [measured as strength of + (presence) and -
(absence)]
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=25; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
12 -1 Absence
13 1 Presence
161 NA NA
v2099. Pregnancy sex taboo [measured as strength of + (presence) and -
(absence)]
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=20; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
10 -1 Absence
10 1 Presence
166 NA NA
v2100. Sexual intercourse before marriage prohibited [measured as strength of +
(presence) and - (absence)]
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=21; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
13 -1 Absence
8 1 Presence
165 NA NA
v2101. Sexual intercourse usually punished in folklore [measured as strength of
+ (presence) and - (absence)]
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=16; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
12 -1 Absence
4 1 Presence
170 NA NA
v2102. Sexual avoidance therapy [measured as strength of + (presence) and -
(absence)]
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=26; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
20 -1 Absence
6 1 Presence
160 NA NA
v2103. Sexual explanations for Illness [measured as strength of + (presence)
and - (absence)]
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=29; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
16 -1 Absence
13 1 Presence
157 NA NA
v2104. Stephans summative scoring, leaving blank those cases where there are
too few indicators to form a sum
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=24; Number of unique
values=9
Freq Value Description
2 -5 -5
7 -4 -4
1 -3 -3
3 -2 -2
3 -1 -1
2 0 0
3 2 2
2 4 4
1 5 5
162 NA NA
v2105. Doug White's summative scoring for all cases
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=33; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
3 -5 -5
6 -4 -4
1 -3 -3
4 -2 -2
6 -1 -1
3 0 0
6 2 2
1 3 3
2 4 4
1 5 5
153 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Rosenblatt, Paul C.Marital Residence and the Functions of Romantic
Love. Ethnology 6, no. 4 (October 1, 1967): 471-480. doi:10.2307/3772832.
v2106. Romantic Love Ratings (Rosenblatt 1965)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=51; Number of unique
values=18
Freq Value Description
1 1 1
5 2 2
2 3 3
3 4 4
7 6 6
2 7 7
1 8 8
2 9 9
3 10 10
4 11 11
5 13 13
3 14 14
2 15 15
1 16 16
2 17 17
4 18 18
3 19 19
1 20 20
135 NA NA
v2107. Premarital Sex (Rosenblatt 1965)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=42; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
19 0 Disapproved/prohibited
23 1 Allowed/tolerated
144 NA NA
v2108. Extramarital Sex (Rosenblatt 1965)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=38; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
9 1 Allowed
for both
11 2 Allowed
for husband only
18 3 Prohibited
for both
148 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Aronoff, Joel. Parental Nurturance in the Standard Cross-Cultural
Sample Theory, Coding, and Scores. Cross-Cultural Research 46, no. 4 (November
1, 2012): 315-347. doi:10.1177/1069397112450851.
v2109. Parental Nurturance
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=130; Number of unique
values=8
Freq Value Description
5 2 Parental
behavior is most harmful to childrens emotional development
9 3 Harmful
parental behavior is less intense than maximally negative
19 4 Most
parental behavior is harmful but appears at a more moderate level
29 5 Although
some positive parental factors may appear, childrens growth is largely
restricted
17 6 Parental
behavior is a compound of moderately positive and negative factors
9 7 Although
largely a positive collection of parental skills, a specific negative factor
may appear
33 8 An
optimally respectful cluster of warm, attentive, and stable parental care
9 9 The
engagement of parents in nurturing involvements appears more deeply and
consistently
56 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: BACON, Margaret K.; Herbert BARRY III; Irvin L. CHILD; Charles R. SNYDER. 1965 A cross-cultural study of
drinking, Quarterly journal of alcohol
studies (special issue), Supplement 3.
v2110. Alcohol: Amount Consumed Male
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=48; Number of unique
values=11
Freq Value Description
5 0 none
1 1 none
to very small amounts
1 5 small
to moderate amounts
5 6 moderate
but less than average
6 7 less
than average
7 8 average
3 9 average
to somewhat above average
5 10 somewhat
above average
6 11 above
average
8 12 large
amounts
1 13 large
to very large amounts
138 NA NA
v2111. Alcohol: Amount Consumed Female
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=16; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
2 0 none
1 3 very
small to small amounts
2 4 small
amounts
2 5 small
to moderate amounts
2 6 moderate
but less than average
2 7 less
than average
2 8 average
1 9 average
to somewhat above average
1 10 somewhat
above average
1 12 large
amounts
170 NA NA
v2112. Alcohol: Frequency of Drunkeness Male
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=45; Number of unique
values=13
Freq Value Description
4 0 nonexistent
1 1 nonexistent
to very rare
2 3 very
rare to unusual
5 4 does
occur but unusual
4 5 unusual
to occasional
2 6 not
unusual but less than average
4 8 average
in frequency and degree
2 9 average
to somewhat above average
2 10 somewhat
above average
3 11 above
average
7 12 considerably
more frequent than average
6 13 very
frequent but not extreme
3 14 extreme
141 NA NA
v2113. Alcohol: Frequency of Drunkeness Female
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=14; Number of unique
values=12
Freq Value Description
2 0 nonexistent
1 1 nonexistent
to very rare
1 2 very
rare
1 3 very
rare to unusual
1 4 does
occur but unusual
2 5 unusual
to occasional
1 6 not
unusual but less than average
1 7 not
unusual to average
1 10 somewhat
above average
1 11 above
average
1 12 considerably
more frequent than average
1 13 very
frequent but not extreme
172 NA NA
v2114. Alcohol: Extent of Problem
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=43; Number of unique
values=13
Freq Value Description
1 0 no
problem
1 1 none
to insignificant
2 2 very
slight if any
6 3 slight
problem
3 4 some
problem but not severe
3 5 noticeable
problem
4 6 moderate
problem
2 7 moderate
to considerable problem
3 8 considerable
problem
3 9 considerable
to severe problem
5 10 severe
problem
5 11 severe
to very severe problem
5 12 very
severe problem
143 NA NA
v2115. Alcohol: Extent of Procurement Effort Male
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=42; Number of unique
values=10
Freq Value Description
2 3 very
slight labor or expense devoted to beverages
2 4 slight
labor or expense devoted to beverages
4 5 slight
to moderate labor or expense
7 6 moderate
labor or expense
7 7 moderate
to considerable labor or expense
4 8 considerable
outlay of labor or expense
2 9 considerable
to large labor or expense
3 10 a
large outlay of labor or expense
5 11 procurement
verges on being a major cultural focus
6 12 a
major part of cultural effort is devoted to preparing or procuring the
beverages
144 NA NA
v2116. Alcohol: Extent of Procurement Effort Female
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=8; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
1 5 slight
to moderate labor or expense
1 6 moderate
labor or expense
1 7 moderate
to considerable labor or expense
1 8 considerable
outlay of labor or expense
2 9 considerable
to large labor or expense
1 10 a
large outlay of labor or expense
1 11 procurement
verges on being a major cultural focus
178 NA NA
v2117. Alcohol: Amount of Nurturant Care given Drinkers Male
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=3; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
1 0 no
nurturance
1 5 occasional
to moderate nurturance
1 10 frequent
nurturance
183 NA NA
v2118. Alcohol: Amount of Nurturant Care given Drinkers Female
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=8; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
2 7 moderate
to considerable nurturance
1 9 considerable
to frequent nurturance
3 10 frequent
nurturance
1 11 frequent
acts of nurturance to major acts of nurturance
1 12 major
acts of nurturance
178 NA NA
v2119. Alcohol: Boisterousness of Drinking Bouts Male
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=36; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value Description
1 6 slightly
quiet and inactive to neither loud nor quiet
3 9 slightly
loud and boisterous
3 10 slightly
to moderately loud and boisterous
9 11 moderately
loud and boisterous
6 12 moderately
to very loud and boisterous
8 13 very
loud and boisterous
6 14 extremely
loud and boisterous
150 NA NA
v2120. Alcohol: Boisterousness of Drinking Bouts Female
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=8; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
2 0 extremely
quiet and inactive
1 9 slightly
loud and boisterous
1 11 moderately
loud and boisterous
3 12 moderately
to very loud and boisterous
1 13 very
loud and boisterous
178 NA NA
v2121. Alcohol: Approval of Drinking Male
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=44; Number of unique
values=11
Freq Value Description
1 2 very
strong disapproval
1 5 strong
to mild disapproval
1 6 mild
disapproval
2 7 mild
disapproval to indifference
1 8 attitude
is one of indifference
2 9 indifference
to mild approval
1 10 mild
approval
2 11 mild
to strong approval
10 12 strong
approval
11 13 strong
to very strong approval
12 14 very
strong approval
142 NA NA
v2122. Alcohol: Approval of Drinking Female
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=5; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
1 6 mild
disapproval
1 7 mild
disapproval to indifference
1 10 mild
approval
1 11 mild
to strong approval
1 13 strong
to very strong approval
181 NA NA
v2123. Alcohol: Approval of Drunkeness Male
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique
values=11
Freq Value Description
4 2 very
strong disapproval
3 3 very
strong to strong disapproval
3 4 strong
disapproval
1 5 strong
to mild disapproval
3 6 mild
disapproval
3 7 mild
disapproval to indifference
4 10 mild
approval
7 11 mild
to strong approval
4 12 strong
approval
6 13 strong
to very strong approval
1 14 very
strong approval
147 NA NA
v2124. Alcohol: Approval of Drunkeness Female
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=7; Number of unique
values=5
Freq Value Description
1 1 extremely
strong disapproval
2 3 very
strong to strong disapproval
2 4 strong
disapproval
1 6 mild
disapproval
1 9 indifference
to mild approval
179 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Douglas R. White 2013
v2125. Importance of Wage Labor inside the Community or outside (If Return
Migration)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=156; Number of unique
values=3
Freq Value Description
66 1 little
such activity
28 2 some
important (roughly 5% of total labor supply)
62 3 very
important (10% or more of the total labor supply)
30 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: George P. Murdock and Caterina Provost. 1973. Factors in the Division
of Labor by Sex: A Cross-Cultural Analysis. Ethnology 12: 203-225.
v2126. Food Collection: Vegetal (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=179; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
10 0 absent
169 1 present
7 NA NA
v2127. Food Collection: Insects, and/or Small Land Fauna (task present==1,
absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=133; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
18 0 absent
115 1 present
53 NA NA
v2128. Food Collection: Shellfish/Small Aquatic Fauna (task present==1,
absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
85 0 absent
77 1 present
24 NA NA
v2129. Food Collection: Honey (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=106; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
38 0 absent
68 1 present
80 NA NA
v2130. Food Collection: Fowling (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=157; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
16 0 absent
141 1 present
29 NA NA
v2131. Food Collection: Fishing (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
29 0 absent
153 1 present
4 NA NA
v2132. Food Collection: Trapping (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
20 0 absent
151 1 present
15 NA NA
v2133. Food Collection: Large Land Fauna (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
36 0 absent
144 1 present
6 NA NA
v2134. Food Collection: Large Aquatic Fauna (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=177; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
127 0 absent
50 1 present
9 NA NA
v2135. Food Production: Land Clearance (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=184; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
44 0 absent
140 1 present
2 NA NA
v2136. Food Production: Soil Preparation (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=184; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
49 0 absent
135 1 present
2 NA NA
v2137. Food Production: Planting (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
44 0 absent
141 1 present
1 NA NA
v2138. Food Production: Crop Tending (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
48 0 absent
134 1 present
4 NA NA
v2139. Food Production: Harvesting (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
44 0 absent
141 1 present
1 NA NA
v2140. Food Production: Small Domestic Animals (task present==1,
absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
13 0 absent
167 1 present
6 NA NA
v2141. Food Production: Large Domestic Animals (task present==1,
absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=184; Number of unique values=2
Freq Value Description
76 0 absent
108 1 present
2 NA NA
v2142. Food Production: Milking (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
127 0 absent
58 1 present
1 NA NA
v2143. Food Preparation: Vegetal: Food Preparation (task present==1,
absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=178; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
2 0 absent
176 1 present
8 NA NA
v2144. Food Preparation: Butchering (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=167; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
8 0 absent
159 1 present
19 NA NA
v2145. Food Preparation: Preservation (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
31 0 absent
130 1 present
25 NA NA
v2146. Food Preparation: Drinks (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique values=2
Freq Value Description
37 0 absent
133 1 present
16 NA NA
v2147. Food Preparation: Dairy (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=178; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
130 0 absent
48 1 present
8 NA NA
v2148. Food Preparation: Cooking (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique
values=1
Freq Value Description
185 1 present
1 NA NA
v2149. Extractive Industries: Mining/Quarrying (task present==1,
absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=147; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
106 0 absent
41 1 present
39 NA NA
v2150. Extractive Industries: Fuel Gathering (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=179; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
1 0 absent
178 1 present
7 NA NA
v2151. Extractive Industries: Lumbering (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
14 0 absent
155 1 present
17 NA NA
v2152. Extractive Industries: Water Fetching (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique
values=1
Freq Value Description
185 1 present
1 NA NA
v2153. Intermediate Processing: Skins (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=173; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
48 0 absent
125 1 present
13 NA NA
v2154. Intermediate Processing: Spinning (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=156; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
56 0 absent
100 1 present
30 NA NA
v2155. Intermediate Processing: Loom Weaving (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
81 0 absent
89 1 present
16 NA NA
v2156. Intermediate Processing: Smelting (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
125 0 absent
37 1 present
24 NA NA
v2157. Manufacturing: Matmaking (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=163; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
29 0 absent
134 1 present
23 NA NA
v2158. Manufacturing: Netmaking (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=155; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
45 0 absent
110 1 present
31 NA NA
v2159. Manufacturing: Basketmaking (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
21 0 absent
149 1 present
16 NA NA
v2160. Manufacturing: Rope or Cordage (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
3 0 absent
167 1 present
16 NA NA
v2161. Manufacturing: Leather (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=163; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
57 0 absent
106 1 present
23 NA NA
v2162. Manufacturing: Clothing (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=163; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
36 0 absent
127 1 present
23 NA NA
v2163. Manufacturing: Pottery (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
61 0 absent
111 1 present
14 NA NA
v2164. Manufacturing: Wood (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
1 0 absent
181 1 present
4 NA NA
v2165. Manufacturing: Bone (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=140; Number of unique values=2
Freq Value Description
14 0 absent
126 1 present
46 NA NA
v2166. Manufacturing: Stone (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=143; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
39 0 absent
104 1 present
43 NA NA
v2167. Manufacturing: Metal (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=179; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
93 0 absent
86 1 present
7 NA NA
v2168. Manufacturing: Musical Instruments (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
8 0 absent
162 1 present
16 NA NA
v2169. Miscellaneous: Fire (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
3 0 absent
182 1 present
1 NA NA
v2170. Miscellaneous: Laundering (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=127; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
52 0 absent
75 1 present
59 NA NA
v2171. Miscellaneous: Bodily Mutilation (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=164; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
13 0 absent
151 1 present
22 NA NA
v2172. Miscellaneous: Bonesetting/Surgery (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=98; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
37 0 absent
61 1 present
88 NA NA
v2173. Miscellaneous: Burden Carrying (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=155; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
3 0 absent
152 1 present
31 NA NA
v2174. Miscellaneous: Boatbuilding (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=175; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
79 0 absent
96 1 present
11 NA NA
v2175. Miscellaneous: Housebuilding (task present==1, absent==0)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value Description
1 0 absent
184 1 present
1 NA NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Douglas R. White. 1988. Rethinking Polygyny: Co-Wives, Codes, and
Cultural Systems. Current Anthropology 29:529-559. (project begun in
collaboration with Michael L. Burton, and John W. M. Whiting).
f=SCCS$v872/100 ; m=SCCS$v871/100 ; (1-f)=proportion of married females that
are monogamous; (1-m)=proportion of married males that are monogamous; M=number of married males; F=number of
married females; Since the number of monogomous males equals the number of
monogamous females: (1-f)*F=(1-m)*M; so F/M=(1-m)/(1-f)
v2176. Mean number wives per husband (Married Women/Married Men)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=142; Number of unique values=76
Stat Value
nobs 142
mean 1.349
min 1
max 8
sd 0.856
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Elizabeth Cashdan and Matt Steele. 2013. Pathogen prevalence, group
bias, and collectivism in the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample. Human Nature
24(1):59-75.
v2177. The sum of the individual pathogen scores
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=20
Freq Value
24 8
4 9
7 10
4 11
11 12
12 13
9 14
13 15
6 16
10 17
15 18
10 19
8 20
15 21
10 22
7 23
12 24
6 25
2 26
1 27
v2178. A z-score including additional data (a finer breakdown of schistosomes
and leishmanias, plus two of Low's pathogen scores)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=146
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean -0.012
min -0.969
max 1.323
sd 0.61
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Dryer, Matthew S. & Haspelmath, Martin (eds.). 2011. The World
Atlas of Language Structures Online. Munich: Max Planck Digital Library. Data
at http://wals.info/ (assignment by E. Anthon Eff)
wwlang. WALS language name
Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=155; Number of unique
values=154
First six non-missing records:
society wwlang
Nama Khoekhoe
Kung !Xun (Ekoka)
Thonga Tsonga
Lozi Lozi
Mbundu UMbundu
Hatsa Kindiga Hadza
wals. WALS language code
Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=155; Number of unique
values=154
First six non-missing records:
society wals
Nama KHO
Kung XUN
Thonga TSN
Lozi LOZ
Mbundu UMB
Hatsa Kindiga HAD
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: data from http://www.ethnologue.com/, assigned by E. Anthon Eff
iso639.3. ISO 639-3 language code, used on Ethnologue
(http://www.ethnologue.com/)
Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=185
First six non-missing records:
society iso639.3
Nama naq
Kung knw
Thonga tso
Lozi loz
Mbundu umb
Suku sub
lang. Language name, from Ethnologue (http://www.ethnologue.com/)
Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=185
First six non-missing records:
society lang
Nama Nama
Kung Kungekoka
Thonga Tsonga
Lozi Lozi
Mbundu Umbundu
Suku Suku
phyl. Language phylogenetic classification, from Ethnologue (http://www.ethnologue.com/)
Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=183
First six non-missing records:
society phyl
Nama Khoisan, Southern Africa, Central,
Nama
Kung Khoisan, Southern Africa,
Northern
Thonga Niger-congo, Atlantic-congo,
Volta-congo, Benue-congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, S,
Tswa-ronga (s 50)
Lozi Niger-congo, Atlantic-congo,
Volta-congo, Benue-congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, S,
Sotho-tswana (s 30)
Mbundu Niger-congo, Atlantic-congo,
Volta-congo, Benue-congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, R, South
Mbundu (r 10)
Suku Niger-congo, Atlantic-congo,
Volta-congo, Benue-congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, H, Yaka (h
30)
reg. Classification into Old World or New World. Used for calculation of
linguistic proximity matrix
Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=2
Freq Value
63 newWorld
123 oldWorld
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Hijmans, R.J., et al. 2005. Very high resolution interpolated climate
surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology
25(15):1965-1978. data at
http://www.worldclim.org/bioclim.htm (assigned by E. Anthon Eff)
meanalt. BIOCLIM: Mean altitude within 20 km radius (m) (Hijmans et al.
2005)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=186
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean 632.351
min 3.125
max 4788.215
sd 779.576
sdalt. BIOCLIM: Standard deviation of altitude within 20 km radius (m) (Hijmans
et al. 2005)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=186
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean 111.805
min 0.832
max 924.771
sd 140.225
bio.1. BIOCLIM: Annual Mean Temperature (dgC*10) (Hijmans et al. 2005)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=124
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean 182.923
min -129
max 292
sd 98.153
bio.2. BIOCLIM: Mean Diurnal Range (Mean of monthly (max temp - min temp))
(dgC*10) (Hijmans et al. 2005)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=87
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean 109.067
min 43
max 182
sd 31.17
bio.3. BIOCLIM: Isothermality (bio_2/bio_7) (* 100) (Hijmans et al. 2005)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=74
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean 56.368
min 15
max 91.655
sd 20.596
bio.4. BIOCLIM: Temperature Seasonality (standard deviation *100) (Hijmans et
al. 2005)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=183
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean 3983.976
min 106.414
max 19190
sd 3944.807
bio.5. BIOCLIM: Max Temperature of Warmest Month (dgC*10) (Hijmans et al.
2005)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=118
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean 297.927
min 95
max 433
sd 64.859
bio.6. BIOCLIM: Min Temperature of Coldest Month (dgC*10) (Hijmans et al.
2005)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=155
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean 69.261
min -414
max 251.172
sd 146.973
bio.7. BIOCLIM: Temperature Annual Range (bio_5-bio_6) (dgC*10) (Hijmans et al.
2005)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=149
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean 228.645
min 56.759
max 622
sd 119.636
bio.8. BIOCLIM: Mean Temperature of Wettest Quarter (dgC*10) (Hijmans et al.
2005)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=124
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean 199.759
min -86
max 304
sd 84.24
bio.9. BIOCLIM: Mean Temperature of Driest Quarter (dgC*10) (Hijmans et al.
2005)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=124
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean 168.481
min -299
max 335
sd 124.422
bio.10. BIOCLIM: Mean Temperature of Warmest Quarter (dgC*10) (Hijmans et al.
2005)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=115
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean 231.797
min 41
max 335
sd 62.942
bio.11. BIOCLIM: Mean Temperature of Coldest Quarter (dgC*10) (Hijmans et al.
2005)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=137
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean 130.444
min -362
max 276.172
sd 142.747
bio.12. BIOCLIM: Annual Precipitation (mm) (Hijmans et al. 2005)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=180
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean 1427.935
min 0
max 5348
sd 1024.05
bio.13. BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Wettest Month (mm) (Hijmans et al.
2005)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=156
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean 224.573
min 0
max 687
sd 139.141
bio.14. BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Driest Month (mm) (Hijmans et al. 2005)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=85
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean 43.528
min 0
max 348
sd 61.21
bio.15. BIOCLIM: Precipitation Seasonality (Coefficient of Variation) (Hijmans
et al. 2005)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=96
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean 60.499
min 0
max 161
sd 33.449
bio.16. BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Wettest Quarter (mm) (Hijmans et al.
2005)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=178
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean 598.823
min 0
max 1830
sd 373.705
bio.17. BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Driest Quarter (mm) (Hijmans et al.
2005)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=133
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean 153.578
min 0
max 1139
sd 203.514
bio.18. BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Warmest Quarter (mm) (Hijmans et al.
2005)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=166
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean 367.583
min 0
max 1718
sd 305.684
bio.19. BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Coldest Quarter (mm) (Hijmans et al.
2005)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=153
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean 288.877
min 0
max 1491
sd 318.343
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Imhoff, Marc L., et al. 2004. Global Patterns in Net Primary
Productivity (NPP). Data distributed by the Socioeconomic Data and Applications
Center (SEDAC):
http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/es/hanpp.html
(assigned by E. Anthon Eff)
mnnpp. Mean Net Primary Production within 50 km radius. (scaled) (Imhoff et al.
2004)
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=186
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean -0.037
min -1.306
max 2.29
sd 1.023
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Originally variable 833.2. rectified by E. Anthon Eff
long. Longitude (decimal degrees)--rectified
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=183
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean 14.446
min -172.441
max 179.495
sd 92.468
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Originally variable 833.1. rectified by E. Anthon Eff
lati. Latitude (decimal degrees)--rectified
Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=171
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean 14.667
min -55.427
max 68.7
sd 25.101
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Olson, D. M, et al. 2001. Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: a new
map of life on earth. BioScience 51:933-938 (assigned by E. Anthon Eff)
ecoregion. WWF ecoregion. (Olson et al. 2001)
Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=155
First six non-missing records:
society ecoregion
Nama Kalahari Xeric Savanna
Kung Kalahari Acacia-Baikiaea
Woodland
Thonga Maputaland Coastal
Forest
Lozi Zambezian Flooded Grassland
Mbundu Angolan Miombo Woodland
Suku Southern Congolian Forest-Savanna
Mosaic
mht.name. WWF major habitat type. (Olson et al. 2001)
Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=15
Freq Value
8 Boreal forest/taigas
15 Deserts and xeric shrublands
1 Flooded grasslands
3 Mediterranean scrub
4 Montane grasslands
2 Snow, ice, glaciers, and rock
13 Temperate broadleaf and mixed
forests
15 Temperate coniferous forests
8 Temperate grasslands, savannas, and
shrublands
2 Tropical and subtropical coniferous
forests
11 Tropical and subtropical dry
broadleaf forests
32 Tropical and subtropical grasslands,
savannas, and shrublands
66 Tropical and subtropical moist
broadleaf forests
4 Tundra
2 Water
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Kottek, M., et al. 2006. World Map of the Koeppen-Geiger climate
classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263. DOI:
10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130. (assigned by E. Anthon Eff)
koeppengei. Koeppen-Geiger climate classification. (Kottek et al. 2006)
Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=22
Freq Value Description
37 Af Equatorial:
fully humid
12 Am Equatorial:
monsoonal
1 As Equatorial:
summer dry
38 Aw Equatorial:
winter dry
10 BSh Arid:
steppe; hot
8 BSk Arid:
steppe; cold
11 BWh Arid:
desert; hot
1 BWk Arid:
desert; cold
9 Cfa Warm
Temperate: fully humid; hot summer
8 Cfb Warm
Temperate: fully humid; warm summer
1 Cfc Warm
Temperate: fully humid; cool summer
3 Csa Warm
Temperate: summer dry; hot summer
5 Csb Warm
Temperate: summer dry; warm summer
6 Cwa Warm
Temperate: winter dry; hot summer
5 Cwb Warm
Temperate: winter dry; warm summer
3 Dfa Snow:
fully humid; hot summer
7 Dfb Snow:
fully humid; warm summer
11 Dfc Snow:
fully humid; cool summer
1 Dsc Snow:
summer dry; cool summer
1 Dwa Snow:
winter dry; hot summer
1 Dwb Snow:
winter dry; warm summer
7 ET Polar:
tundra
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: data from http://www.gadm.org/ (assigned by E. Anthon Eff)
iso. ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country codes (GADM-2 data from
http://www.gadm.org/)
Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=90
First six non-missing records:
society iso
Nama NAM
Kung NAM
Thonga MOZ
Lozi ZMB
Mbundu AGO
Suku COD
name.0. Name of Country (GADM-2 data from http://www.gadm.org/)
Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=90
First six non-missing records:
society name.0
Nama Namibia
Kung Namibia
Thonga Mozambique
Lozi Zambia
Mbundu Angola
Suku Democratic Republic of the
Congo
name.1. Name of first subnational administrative level (GADM-2 data from
http://www.gadm.org/)
Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique
values=164
First six non-missing records:
society name.1
Nama Hardap
Kung Otjozondjupa
Thonga Maputo
Lozi Western
Mbundu Huambo
Suku Bandundu
hasc.1. Hierarchical administrative subdivision code--level 1 (GADM-2 data from
http://www.gadm.org/)
Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=174; Number of unique
values=158
First six non-missing records:
society hasc.1
Nama NA.HA
Kung NA.OD
Thonga MZ.MP
Lozi ZM.WE
Mbundu AO.HM
Suku CD.BN
name.2. Name of second subnational administrative level (GADM-2 data from
http://www.gadm.org/)
Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique
values=171
First six non-missing records:
society name.2
Nama Rehoboth East
Kung Tsumkwe
Thonga Maputo
Lozi Mongu
Mbundu Bailundo
Suku Kwango
hasc.2. Hierarchical administrative subdivision code--level 2 (GADM-2 data from
http://www.gadm.org/)
Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=124; Number of unique
values=124
First six non-missing records:
society hasc.2
Nama NA.HA.RE
Kung NA.OD.TS
Lozi ZM.WE.MO
Mbundu AO.HM.BA
Bemba ZM.NO.KS
Nyakyusa TZ.MB.KY
name.3. Name of third subnational administrative level (GADM-2 data from
http://www.gadm.org/)
Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=80; Number of unique
values=80
First six non-missing records:
society name.3
Thonga Maputo 1
Mbundu Bailundo
Suku Feshi
Nyakyusa Makwale
Hatsa Kindiga Yaeda Chini
Luguru Boma
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: assignment by E. Anthon Eff
continent. Continent
Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=7
Freq Value
44 Africa
52 Asia
2 Australia
7 Europe
39 North America
16 Oceania
26 South America
region. Major sub-continental geographic region
Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=22
Freq Value
3 Asiatic Russia
3 Australia/New Zealand
2 Caribbean
7 Central America
1 Central Asia
16 Eastern Africa
8 Eastern Asia
2 European Russia
9 Melanesia
5 Micronesia
7 Middle Africa
8 Northern Africa
30 Northern America
2 Northern Europe
3 Polynesia
26 South America
18 Southeastern Asia
2 Southern Africa
13 Southern Asia
3 Southern Europe
11 Western Africa
7 Western Asia
eaid. Ethnographic Atlas ID number, if society is in the EA
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=186
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean 358.699
min 1
max 1267
sd 365.274
lrbid. Binford foragers ID number, if society is in the LRB
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=37; Number of unique values=37
Stat Value
nobs 37
mean 157.243
min 9
max 330
sd 109.068
sccsid. Standard Cross Cultural Sample ID number, if society is in the
SCCS
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=186
Stat Value
nobs 186
mean 93.5
min 1
max 186
sd 53.838
wnaiid. Western North American Indian ID number, if society is in the
WNAI
Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=12; Number of unique
values=12
Freq Value
1 4
1 11
1 23
1 36
1 64
1 76
1 106
1 112
1 136
1 146
1 152
1 160
174 NA
-----------------------------------------------------------
SOURCE: Murdock, G. P, and D. R White. 1969. Standard Cross-cultural Sample.
Ethnology 8 (4): 329-369.
society. Ethnographic Atlas society name
Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique
values=186
First six non-missing records:
society society.1
Nama Nama
Kung Kung
Thonga Thonga
Lozi Lozi
Mbundu Mbundu
Suku Suku