Codebook for Jorgensen Western North American Indians Data. tribes. WNAI society number Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=172 Stat Value nobs 172 mean 86.5 min 1 max 172 sd 49.796 v1. First two digits of tribal center in degrees north latitude Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=105 Stat Value nobs 172 mean 40.898 min 30 max 59 sd 6.452 v3. Tribal center in degrees west longitude Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=97 Stat Value nobs 172 mean 118.438 min 104 max 136 sd 6.507 v4. Tribal longitude in five-degree intervals Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 3 1 100-105 degrees 21 2 105-110 degrees 27 3 110-115 degrees 40 4 115-120 degrees 67 5 120-125 degrees 9 6 125-130 degrees 4 7 130-135 degrees 1 8 135-140 degrees v5. Tribal latitude in five-degree intervals Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 28 1 30-35 degrees 55 2 35-40 degrees 42 3 40-45 degrees 30 4 45-50 degrees 13 5 50-55 degrees 4 6 55-60 degrees v6. Tribal altitude in 1,000- and 2,000-foot intervals Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 61 1 0-1,000 feet 27 2 1,000-2,000 feet 32 3 2,000-4,000 feet 37 4 4,000-6,000 feet 15 5 6,000-8,000 feet v7. Tribal area average annual precipitation (20-year average) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 22 1 0-10 inches 60 2 10-20 inches 29 3 20-40 inches 22 4 40-60 inches 35 5 60-100 inches 4 6 over 100 inches v8. Tribal natural vegetation area Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 34 1 Western pines: yellow pine, sugar pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas-fir 52 2 Northwestern conifers: Western larch, western white pine, Douglas-fir, redwood 16 4 Creosote bush and mesquite 17 5 Chaparral (broadleaf forest and scrub forest) 20 6 Pinon-juniper 16 7 Bunchgrass 5 8 Short grass 4 10 Tundra 8 12 Codes 6 & 8 (pinon-juniper and bunch grass) v9. Tribal area average temperature in January Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 14 2 10-20 degrees F 26 3 20-30 degrees F 68 4 30-40 degrees F 51 5 40-50 degrees F 13 6 50-60 degrees F v10. Tribal area average temperature in July Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 30 1 50-60 degrees F 83 2 60-70 degrees F 39 3 70-80 degrees F 10 4 80-90 degrees F 10 5 90-100 degrees F v11. California white oak or valley oak, Quercus lobata Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 140 1 Absent 15 2 Present 17 4 Sufficiently frequent species to be sole representative of the genus shown on Kuchlera?Ts map of dominant natural vegetation v12. Oregon white oak, Quercus garryana Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 119 1 Absent 43 2 Present 10 4 Only representative of the genus shown on map of dominant vegetation v13. Blue oak, Quercus douglasii Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 141 1 Absent 16 2 Present 15 4 Only representative of the genus shown on map of dominant vegetation v14. Maul oak or canyon live oak, Quercus chrysolepis Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 120 1 Absent 34 2 Present 18 4 Only representative of the genus shown on map of dominant vegetation v15. California live oak, Quercus agrifolia Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 157 1 Absent 10 2 Present 5 4 Only representative of the genus shown on map of dominant vegetation v16. Interior live oak, Quercus wislizenii Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 146 1 Absent 12 2 Present 14 4 Only representative of the genus shown on map of dominant vegetation v17. California black oak, Quercus kelloggii Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 121 1 Absent 32 2 Present 19 4 Only representative of the genus shown on map of dominant vegetation v18. Tan-oak, Lithocarpus densiflora Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 148 1 Absent 22 2 Present 2 NA NA v19. Emory oak or scrub oak, Quercus emoryi Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 162 1 Absent 5 2 Present 5 3 Very frequent v20. Gambel oak, Quercus gambellii Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 134 1 Absent 31 2 Present 7 3 Very frequent v21. Evergreen oak, Quercus undulata Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 166 1 Absent 6 2 Present v22. Pinyon pine, Pinus edulis Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 120 1 Absent 12 2 Present 40 3 Very frequent v23. Single-leaf pinyon pine, Pinus monophylla Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 119 1 Absent 13 2 Present 40 3 Very frequent v24. Ponderosa or yellow pine, Pinus ponderosa Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 68 1 Absent 103 2 Present 1 NA NA v25. Lodge-pole pine, Pinus contorta Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 75 1 Absent 97 2 Present v26. Sugar pine, Pinus lambertiana Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 120 1 Absent 52 2 Present v27. Giant sahuaro cactus, Carnegiea gigantea Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 155 1 Absent 17 2 Present v28. Honey mesquite, Prosopis juliforna (and other mesquite spp.) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 125 1 Absent 44 2 Present 1 3 Very frequent 2 4 Only representative of the genus shown on map of dominant vegetation v29. Screwbean, Prosopis pubescens Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 141 1 Absent 31 2 Present v30. Mescal, Agave parryi Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 163 1 Absent 9 2 Present v31. Mescal, Agave deserti Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 149 1 Absent 23 2 Present v32. Mescal, Agave utahensis Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 160 1 Absent 12 2 Present v33. Mescal, Agave palmeri Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 165 1 Absent 7 2 Present v34. Mescal, Agave conseii Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 164 1 Absent 8 2 Present v35. Mescal, Agave neomexicana Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 167 1 Absent 3 2 Present 2 NA NA v36. Soapweed, Yucca glauca or Datil, Y. baccata Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 137 1 Absent 35 2 Present v37. Sotol, Dasylerion wheeleri Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 166 1 Absent 6 2 Present v38. Prickly-pear cactus, Opuntia engelmannii (and other prickly-pear spp.) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 115 1 Absent 52 2 Present 5 3 Very frequent v39. Cholla cactus, Opuntia arborescens (and other cholla spp.) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 122 1 Absent 45 2 Present 5 3 Very frequent v40. Sand-root, Ammobroma sonorae Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 160 1 Absent 12 2 Present v41. Pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 9 1 Absent 163 2 Present v42. Serviceberry, Amelanchier alnifolia Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 103 1 Absent 69 2 Present v43. Lambsquarter, Chenopodium album Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=1 Freq Value Description 172 2 Present v44. Saltbush, Atriplex argentea Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 104 1 Absent 58 2 Present 10 3 Very frequent v45. Western hackberry, Celtis douglasii Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 100 1 Absent 72 2 Present v46. Guaco, Cleome serrulata Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 86 1 Absent 86 2 Present v47. Indian millet, Eriocoma cuspidata Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 76 1 Absent 96 2 Present v48. Common purslane, Portulaca oleracea Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 1 1 Absent 171 2 Present v49. Wild potato, Solanum triflorum and other potato spp. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 90 1 Absent 81 2 Present 1 NA NA v50. Yamp, Carum gairdneri Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 106 1 Absent 66 2 Present v51. Thistle, Cirsium acaule, and other Cirsium spp. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 126 1 Absent 46 2 Present v52. Wild rye, Elymus condensatus or sibiricus Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 109 1 Absent 63 2 Present v53. Sunflower, Helianthus annuus Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value 94 1 78 2 v54. Sunflower, Helianthus (all other spp.) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 47 1 Absent 125 2 Present v55. Broomrape, genus Orobanche Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 33 1 Absent 139 2 Present v56. Sand bunchgrass, Rice Grass, Oryzopis spp. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 91 1 Absent 81 2 Present v57. Tobacco-root or Bitterroot, Valeriana edulis Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 133 1 Absent 39 2 Present v58. Camass, genus Camassia Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 93 1 Absent 79 2 Present v59. Braken fern, Pteridium aquilinum Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 66 1 Absent 106 2 Present v60. Western hazelnut or filbert, Corylus californica Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 86 1 Absent 85 2 Present 1 NA NA v61. Lupine, Lupinus polyphyllus Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 105 1 Absent 67 2 Present v62. Salal, Gaultheria shallon Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 107 1 Absent 65 2 Present v63. Tiger-lily, Lilium spp. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 116 1 Absent 56 2 Present v64. Wokas or Water-lily, Nymphaea polysepala Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 96 1 Absent 76 2 Present v65. Life Zones in the Tribal Territory Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 17 1 Lower Austral 42 2 Upper Austral 52 3 Transition 20 4 Canadian 9 5 1 and 2 21 6 2 and 3 4 7 3 and 4 3 8 1 and 2 and 3 4 10 2 and 3 and 4 v66. Baird's beaked whale, Berardius bairdii Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 135 1 Absent 37 2 Present v67. Pacific beaked whale, Mesoplodon stejnegeri Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 131 1 Absent 41 2 Present v68. Goose-beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 132 1 Absent 40 2 Present v69. Sperm whale, Physeter catodon Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 131 1 Absent 41 2 Present v70. Pygmy sperm whale, Kogia breviceps Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 155 1 Absent 17 2 Present v71. California gray whale, Eschrichtius gibbosus Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 131 1 Absent 41 2 Present v72. Fin-backed whale, Balaenoptera physalus Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 131 1 Absent 41 2 Present v73. Sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 131 1 Absent 41 2 Present v74. Blue whale or Sulphur-bottomed whale, Sibbaldus musculus Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 131 1 Absent 41 2 Present v75. Humped-backed whale, Megaptera novaengliae Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 131 1 Absent 41 2 Present v76. Pacific Right whale, Eubalaena sieboldii Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 131 1 Absent 41 2 Present v77. Gray's porpoise or spotted dolphin, Stenella styx Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 147 1 Absent 25 2 Present v78. Pacific dolphin, Delphinius bairdii Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 149 1 Absent 23 2 Present v79. Gill's bottle-nosed dolphin, Tursiops gillii Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 168 1 Absent 4 2 Present v80. Pacific bottle-nosed dolphin, Tursiops nuuanu Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 168 1 Absent 4 2 Present v81. Northern right-whale dolphin, Lissodelphus borealis Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 131 1 Absent 41 2 Present v82. Pacific white-sided dolphin, Lagenorhynchus obliquidens Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 131 1 Absent 41 2 Present v83. Pacific killer-whale, Grampus rectipinna Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 131 1 Absent 41 2 Present v84. False killer-whale, Pseudorca crassidens Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 149 1 Absent 23 2 Present v85. Pacific blackfish or pilot whale, Globicephala scammonii Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 131 1 Absent 41 2 Present v86. Pacific harbor porpoise, Phocoena vomerina Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 132 1 Absent 40 2 Present v87. Dall's porpoise, Phocoenoides dalli Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 132 1 Absent 40 2 Present v88. Sea-otter, Enhydra lutris Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 131 1 Absent 41 2 Present v89. Northern or Alaskan fur-seal, Callorhinus ursinus Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 131 1 Absent 41 2 Present v90. Guadalupe fur-seal, Arctophoca townsendii Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 168 1 Absent 4 2 Present v91. Northern sea-lion, Eumetopias jubata Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 133 1 Absent 39 2 Present v92. California sea-lion, Zalophus californianus Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 151 1 Absent 21 2 Present v93. Harbor seal, Phoca vitulina Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 131 1 Absent 41 2 Present v94. Northern elephant-seal, Mirounga angustirostris Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 131 1 Absent 41 2 Present v95. Total number of types of the 29 sea mammals available in tribal area Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 130 1 None 1 2 1-5 37 6 21-25 4 7 26-29 v96. Cottontail rabbit, Sylvilagus spp. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 38 1 Absent 134 2 Present v97. Jack rabbit, Lepus spp. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 2 1 Absent 170 2 Present v98. Beaver, Castor canadensis Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 39 1 Absent 133 2 Present v99. Porcupine, Erethizon dorsatum Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 33 1 Absent 139 2 Present v100. Coyote, Canis latrans Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 15 1 Absent 157 2 Present v101. Wolf, Canis lupus Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 60 1 Absent 112 2 Present v102. Bear, Ursus americanus and other Ursus spp. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 34 1 Absent 138 2 Present v103. Mountain lions, Felis concolor Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 9 1 Absent 163 2 Present v104. Lynx, Lynx canadensis Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 113 1 Absent 59 2 Present v105. Bobcat, Lynx rufus Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 18 1 Absent 154 2 Present v106. Wapiti (Elk), Cervus spp. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 66 1 Absent or very rare 85 2 C. canadensis present 3 3 C. nannodes present 18 4 C. merriami present v107. Black-tailed deer or mule deer, Odocoileus hemionus Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 1 1 Absent 171 2 Present v108. White-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginiana Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 103 1 Absent 69 2 Present v109. Moose, Alces alces Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 151 1 Absent 21 2 Present v110. Caribou, Rangifer spp. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 159 1 Absent 13 2 Present v111. Pronghorn antelope, Antilocapra americana Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 84 1 Absent 88 2 Present v112. Bison, Bison bison Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 162 1 Absent 10 2 Present v113. Mountain goat, Oreamnos americanus Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 141 1 Absent 31 2 Present v114. Mountain sheep, Ovis canadensis Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 91 1 Absent 81 2 Present v115. Total number of 19 species of land mammals available in tribal area. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 74 3 5-10 83 4 11-15 15 5 16-19 v116. Western sea-lamprey, Entosphenus tridentatus Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 79 1 Absent 93 2 Present v117. White sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 116 1 Absent 56 2 Present v118. Cutthroat trout, Salmo clarkii, and Rainbow trout, S. gairdnerii Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 53 1 Absent 119 2 Present v119. Dolly Varden char, Salvelinus malma Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 103 1 Absent 69 2 Present v120. Rocky Mountain whitefish, Coregonus spp. and lake whitefish Prosopium spp. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 136 1 Absent 36 2 Present v121. Suckers, family Catostomidae, Catostomus spp., Chamistes spp., Deltistes spp., Pantosteus spp., Xyrauchen texanus Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 75 1 Absent 97 2 Present v122. Chinook or king salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 89 1 Absent 83 2 Present v123. Coho or silver salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 107 1 Absent 65 2 Present v124. Pink or humpback salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 142 1 Absent 30 2 Present v125. Sockeye or red salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 131 1 Absent 41 2 Present v126. Chum or dog salmon, Oncorhynchus keta Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 131 1 Absent 41 2 Present v127. Steelhead trout, Salmon gairdnerii irideus, S. g. newberryi Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 91 1 Absent 81 2 Present v128. Number of salmon and steelhead anadromous species present in tribal area Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 84 0 0 8 1 1 15 2 2 17 3 3 14 4 4 7 5 5 27 6 6 v129. Herring, Clupea pallasii Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 132 1 Absent 40 2 Present v130. Sardine or California pilchard, Sardinops sagax Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 132 1 Absent 40 2 Present v131. Eulachon or candlefish, Thaleichthys pacificus Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 135 1 Absent 37 2 Present v132. Pacific halibut, Hippoglossus steno Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 131 1 Absent 41 2 Present v133. Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 135 1 Absent 37 2 Present v134. Surf smelt, Hypomesus pretiosus Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 135 1 Absent 37 2 Present v135. Quantity of fish available in tribal territory: Average annual production in pounds per square mile of territory Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 13 1 Fishless or very nearly so 48 2 Less than 50 15 3 50-100 21 4 100-200 4 5 200-300 5 6 400-600 66 7 800-1000 v136. Relative amount of fish used as food by tribe Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 16 1 Tribes reported as never eating fish 48 2 Fish contributed very little to diet 15 3 Fish commonly eaten, but a supplement and not a staple 43 4 Fish a staple but no more important than game or plants 50 5 Fish the most important staple v137. Swans, Olor spp. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 58 1 Absent 112 2 Present 2 NA NA v138. Canada goose, Branta canadensis Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 18 1 Absent 151 2 Present 3 NA NA v139. Mallard duck, Amas platyrhynchos Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 8 1 Absent 161 2 Present 3 NA NA v140. Turkey, Meleagris gallopavo Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 146 1 Absent 26 2 Present v141. Harpoon for hunting sea mammals Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 132 1 Harpoon probably absent 27 2 Harpoon without float 13 3 Harpoon with inflated float v142. Devices used to direct or restrict land mammal movement Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 47 1 Probably neither fences nor nets were used 34 2 A stationary fence or enclosure was used 24 3 A portable net 64 4 Both fences and nets were used 3 NA NA v143. Pitfalls for snaring land mammals Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=164; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 83 1 Probably absent 81 2 Present 8 NA NA v144. Deadfalls for snaring land mammals Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 38 1 Probably absent 60 2 Stone only 57 3 Logs, or combinations of logs and stones, but not stones alone 17 4 Stones, or logs, or combination of logs and stones v145. Fish nets and seines Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=165; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 53 1 Probably no nets 12 2 Only small hand nets 100 3 Gills nets and seines 7 NA NA v146. Fish weirs and traps Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=165; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 45 1 Probably no weirs and traps 16 2 Simple pens or obstructions, or traps without weirs 104 3 Weirs equipped with traps 7 NA NA v147. Fish spears Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 126 1 Leister probably absent 46 2 Leister present v148. Fish harpoons Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 66 1 Probably no fish harpoons 24 2 Single point 65 3 Double point 16 4 Both single and double point 1 NA NA v149. Containers for gathering seeds Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 53 1 Probably no seeds gathered or no report of seed-gathering containers 75 2 Basketry 8 3 Hide 22 4 Both basketry and hides 3 5 Both pottery and basketry 11 NA NA v150. Kinds of digging sticks Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 3 1 Probably absent 43 2 Crutch-handled 125 3 Straight-handled 1 4 Both crutch-handled and straight-handled sticks used v151. Poles, tongs, cutters for gathering wild plants Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 59 1 Probably all absent 62 2 Gathering poles 1 3 Cactus tongs 17 5 Both gathering poles and cactus tongs 6 6 Both gathering poles and end-bladed mescal cutters 17 7 All three devices: poles, tongs, and cutters 10 NA NA v152. Maize cultivated at time of first contact with Europeans Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 135 1 Probably not cultivated 37 2 Cultivated v153. Irrigation of cultivated plants Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 143 1 Probably no irrigation 4 2 Only natural flood irrigation 3 4 Irrigation ditches dug and maintained (item (B) in symbol category of Map Cu-23) 17 5 Both wing fences, etc., and ditches (items (B) and (C) in symbol category of Map Cu-23) 2 6 Both natural flood and ditches 3 7 Both natural flood and wing fences v154. Sticklike farming tools Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=163; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 135 1 None of the below 12 2 Pointed stick 4 5 Both pointed stick and end-bladed stick 5 6 Both pointed stick and swordlike tool 7 7 All three: pointed, end-bladed, swordlike 9 NA NA v155. Method of boiling food Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 37 1 Boiling done directly over fire, in pottery or steatile containers 90 2 Heated stones dropped into container 44 3 Both direct fire and stone boiling 1 NA NA v156. Acorn preparation Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=167; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 56 1 Acorns not eaten 33 2 Eaten without leaching 30 3 Ground before leaching 12 4 Whole kernel immersed in cold water or buried in mud 1 5 Boiled whole with lye to leach 35 6 Both ground before leaching and whole kernel immersed in cold water or buried 5 NA NA v157. Stone food mortars Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 69 1 Probably no stone food mortars 40 2 Portable hollowed mortar 46 3 Portable slab or block mortar 17 4 Both hollowed and slab or block v158. Wooden food mortars Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 126 1 Probably no wooden food mortars 20 2 In end of log 18 3 In side of log 1 4 Slab, block, or plank 7 5 Both in end of log and side of log v159. Milling stones Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 80 1 Probably no milling stones used 46 2 Milling stones had round or oval shape; not set within a bin 19 3 Rectangloid slab, not in a bin 7 5 Round or oval and rectangloid shapes used, not in bin 14 6 Rectangloid slab in wooden bin 6 7 Three types used: round or oval and rectangloid slab not in bin ,and rectangloid trough v160. Method of drying meat Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 60 1 Meat dried only in sun or air, or smoking not reported 109 2 Meat smoked or fire dried 3 NA NA v161. Seed-parching instruments Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 51 1 Probably no parching of seeds done 2 2 Parched on flat stone 80 3 In basketry container 24 4 In pottery container 15 5 In both basketry and pottery containers v162. Salt (sodium chloride) added to food Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 53 1 Probably absent 119 2 Present v163. Dominant boat types: those most frequent or preferred Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 20 1 No boats or rafts of any kind 24 2 Log or pole raft 49 3 Balsa 3 4 Round hide boat 8 5 Bark canoe 64 6 Dugout canoe 1 7 Plank canoe 2 8 Both log or pole raft and dugout canoe 1 NA NA v164. Dominant house type: the type preferred for winter dwelling Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 3 1 Double lean-to 51 2 Crude conical tipi, covered with brush, bark, and perhaps unsewn hides 3 3 Mohave-type with four-pitch roof 4 4 Plains type of conical tipi, with sewn hide cover in nineteenth century 44 5 Rectangular plank house with vertical walls 34 6 Domed house 19 7 Semisubterranean, circular, earth-covered lodge 14 8 Pueblo type: rectangular, vertical walls, nearly flat roof, multiple stories, and multiple rooms clustered together v165. Conical or subconical dwellings Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 73 1 No conical or subconical dwellings 46 2 No specified number of poles, or number of poles not mentioned 13 3 Three-pole foundation 31 4 Four-pole foundation 9 5 Both three-pole and four-pole foundation v166. House-covering made of hide and thatch Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 63 1 Neither hide nor thatch house covering 10 2 House covering of hide 81 3 House covering of thatch 18 4 Both hide and thatch house covering v167. House-covering made of bark or mats Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 48 1 Neither bark nor mat house covering 60 2 House covering of bark 24 3 House covering of woven or sewn mat 40 4 Both bark and mat house covering v168. House-covering or exterior made of stone or earth materials Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 52 1 Neither stone, adobe, wattle, nor sod 106 2 Covering of unprocessed earth or sod 14 3 Walls of stone, adobe, or mud wattle v169. House floor-level and entrance Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 64 1 Neither semisubterranean floor nor tunnel entrance 49 2 Semisubterranean floor 13 3 Tunnel entrance 45 4 Both semisubterranean floor and tunnel entrance 1 NA NA v170. Headgear of woven plant materials Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 78 1 No headgear of woven plant materials 19 2 Rainhat with brim worn by both sexes 21 3 Brimless or less-brimmed cap worn by both sexes 54 4 Brimless or less-brimmed cap worn only by women v171. Headgear made of hide or fur Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=166; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 60 1 No headgear of hide or fur 64 2 Brimless fur cap 4 3 Fur cap with visor 21 4 Buckskin cap 16 5 Brimless fur cap and buckskin cap 1 6 Brimless fur cap and fur cap with visor 6 NA NA v172. Robes or capes made of fur Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 28 1 No robes or capes made of fur 63 2 Made of single large hide with fur 30 3 Made of multiple small hides with fur, sewn together 49 4 Both single large and multiple small hides with fur 2 NA NA v173. Robes or capes made of buckskin or of strips of small furs fastened together but not sewn together Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 40 1 Absent 58 2 Of twined, woven, netted strips of fur 36 3 Of buckskin, dehaired 36 4 Both twined and dehaired buckskin 2 NA NA v174. Robes or capes made of wool, hair or feathers Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 133 1 Absent 14 2 Of woven wool or hair 22 3 Of feather covering over woven or netted foundation 1 4 Both woven wool or hair and feathers used as covering over woven or netted foundation 2 NA NA v175. Robes or capes made of plant materials Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=166; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 79 1 Absence of these 43 2 Were made of woven plant materials 28 3 Made of unwoven plant materials 16 4 Made of both woven and unwoven plant materials 6 NA NA v176. Shirts and Dresses Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 71 1 Neither Plains type nor Pueblo type of shirts and dresses 20 3 Plains type of men's buckskin shirt with flaps to elbow 2 4 Plains type of women's buckskin dress with flaps to elbow 62 5 Plains type of apparel worn by both men and women 14 6 Both Pueblo type of women's apparel and Plains type of men's apparel worn 3 NA NA v177. Breechclout Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=168; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 34 1 No breechclout of hide or plant material 76 2 Of hide 25 3 Of plant material 33 4 Both hide and plant material 4 NA NA v178. Skirt or kilt made of animal materials Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 81 1 No skirt or kilt of animal materials 66 2 Of hide or fur 22 4 Both hide or fur and woven wool or hair 3 NA NA v179. Skirt or kilt made of plant materials Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=167; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 86 1 No skirt or kilt of plant materials 20 2 Of spun and woven materials 60 3 Of unspun and unwoven materials 1 4 Both spun and woven, and unspun and unwoven materials 5 NA NA v180. Material used for apron Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=166; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 58 1 No apron 45 2 Made of hide or fur 24 3 Made of plant materials 34 5 Both hide or fur and plant materials used 3 6 Both hide or fur and woven wool used 2 7 Hide or fur, plant materials, and woven wool all used 6 NA NA v181. Position of apron Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=167; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 58 1 No apron 37 2 Front apron 72 4 Both front and back apron 5 NA NA v182. Moccasins Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 27 1 Neither hard- nor soft-soled moccasins 63 2 Hard- (separate-) soled 52 3 Soft- (continuous-) soled 30 4 Both hard- and soft-soled v183. Sandals Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 124 1 Neither hide nor plant material used in sandals 6 2 Hide used as material for sandals 32 3 Plant material used for sandals 10 4 Both hide and plant material used for sandals v184. Mittens and Muffs Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 93 1 Absent 39 2 Hide or fur mittens 34 3 Fur muff 6 4 Both 2 and 3 v185. Basketry weaves Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 1 1 Both twining and coiling absent 60 2 Twining done exclusively, or definitely was more frequent 4 3 Coiling done exclusively, or definitely was more frequent 107 4 Both twining and coil v186. Weaving devices Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 63 1 No weaving device 7 2 One-bar or one-cord device, suspended warp 75 3 Two-bar frame without heddles 18 4 Two-bar frame with heddles 8 5 Both one-bar and two-bar devices without heddles 1 6 Both one-bar and two-bar devices with heddles v187. Agricultural and horticultural production Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 81 1 No agriculture is practiced 4 2 Incipient horticulture of food crops practiced only 7 3 Incipient horticulture of nonfood crops only 1 4 Incipient horticulture of both food and nonfood crops 42 5 Agriculture confined to nonfood crops 20 6 Agriculture is practiced, but does not produce the dominant foodstuffs in the average diet (Less than half the total foodstuffs) 16 7 Agriculture is practiced, and produces the dominant foodstuffs in the average diet (More than half the total foodstuffs) 1 NA NA v188. Agricultural products and incipient horticulture done not for food Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 96 1 Neither cotton or tobacco grown 14 2 Cotton grown 59 3 Tobacco grown 2 4 Cotton and tobacco grown 1 NA NA v189. Agricultural products grown for food Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 134 1 No edible products grown 4 2 Maize only 1 3 Maize and squash 25 4 Maize, beans, squashes 8 5 Maize, beans, squashes, and any of the following: pigweed or sunflower or panicgrass or barnyard grass or maguey v190. Agricultural products grown for beverages Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 162 1 No beverage crops grown 2 2 Maguey or sotol 4 3 Maguey, sotol, and cacti 3 8 Mesquite or screwbean, and maize, and cacti, and either maguey or sotol 1 NA NA v191. External sources of agricultural products for food Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=165; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 148 1 No extralocal trade for agricultural food stuffs 17 2 Maize, beans, squash are predominant foods traded for (bartered, received as gifts, etc.) extralocally 7 NA NA v192. External sources of agricultural products for beverages Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=163; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 162 1 No extralocal trade for agricultural beverage crops 1 3 Mesquite or screwbean are predominant beverage crops traded for extralocally 9 NA NA v193. Probable percentage of diet contributed by agricultural foodstuffs acquired locally Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 135 1 0% 7 2 1-10% 7 3 11-25% 8 4 26-50% 15 5 51-100% v194. Probable percentage of diet contributed by agricultural foodstuffs acquired extralocally Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=165; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 147 1 0% 18 2 1-10% 7 NA NA v195. External sources of agricultural products used as nonfood or for beverages Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=158; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 139 1 No extralocal trade for nonfood agricultural products 16 2 Cultivated tobacco traded for (bartered, received as gifts, etc.) extralocally 3 3 Cotton traded for extralocally 14 NA NA v196. Animal husbandry--before contact with Europeans Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=168; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 15 1 No pre-Contact domesticates 143 2 Pre-Contact use of domesticated dogs (for eating, ceremonial eating, transportation, watchdogs, sources of wool, or for hunting) 10 4 Pre-Contact use of domesticated dogs and one or more other small animals 4 NA NA v197. Local "fishing"--procurement of all types of aquatic animals (shellfish, aquatic mammals, and fish) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 33 1 Absent or minimal (less than 5% of diet) 56 2 Tertiary, 5-25% of diet 35 3 Secondary, 25-50% of diet 48 4 Dominant, over 50% of diet v198. Predominant aquatic animal extracted Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 33 1 Absent 134 2 Fish (salmon, halibut, etc.) 1 3 Shellfish and other small aquatic fauna 4 5 Equal catches of fish and collections of shellfish, neither amount predominating v199. Percentage of diet contributed by aquatic animals Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 34 1 0% 17 2 1-10% 42 3 11-25% 31 4 26-50% 48 5 51-100% v200. External sources of aquatic animals Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=136; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 78 1 No extralocal trade for fish, shellfish, or large aquatic animals 44 2 Fish or fish by-products traded for (by bartering, gift exchange, etc.) extralocally 1 3 Large aquatic animals traded for extralocally 2 4 Shellfish and small aquatic animals traded for extralocally 1 5 Fish and large aquatic animals traded for extralocally 9 6 Fish and shellfish traded for extralocally 1 7 Large aquatic animals and shellfish traded for extralocally 36 NA NA v201. Percentage of diet contributed by external aquatic animals Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=136; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 77 1 0% 56 2 1-10% 3 3 11-25% 36 NA NA v202. Local hunting--procurement of all types of game (fowl, large mammals, etc.) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 81 2 Tertiary, 5-25% of diet 89 3 Secondary, 25-50% of diet 2 4 Dominant, over 50% of diet v203. Predominant types of animals for which groups hunt Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=11 Freq Value Description 2 2 Fowls or other birds (sage chickens, ducks, geese, swans etc.) 20 3 Small land mammals which are not herd animals (rabbits, hares, rats, gophers, beavers, etc.) 78 4 Large sized (e.g., moose, elk) or medium-sized land mammals (e.g., deer, big-horn sheep, mountain goats, antelopes) that live in medium or small herds 3 5 Large land mammals that live in large herds (e.g., bison or caribou) 3 6 Equally types 2 and 3, no single type dominant 12 7 Equally types 2 and 4, no single type dominant 3 8 Equally types 2 and 5, no single type dominant 38 10 Equally types 3 and 4, no single type dominant 3 12 Equally types 4 and 5, no single type dominant 8 13 Equally types 2, 3, and 4, no single type dominant 2 16 Equally types 3, 4, and 5, no single type dominant v204. Probable percentage of diet contributed by procuring (hunting) large game, small animals, and fowl locally Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 20 2 1-10% 60 3 11-25% 90 4 26-50% 2 5 51-100% v205. External sources of game, small animals, or fowl Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=118; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 90 1 No extralocal trade for animals procured by hunting 20 4 Medium-sized game (deer, mountain sheep, mountain goats, antelopes) traded for extralocally 2 5 Large game (elk, caribou, bison, moose, or bear) traded for extralocally (trade includes barter, gift exchange, and so forth) 3 10 Both 3 & 4 2 12 Both 4 & 5 1 13 2, 3, and 4 54 NA NA v206. Probable percentage of diet contributed by large game, small Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=119; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 94 1 0% 24 2 1-10% 1 3 11-25% 53 NA NA v207. Local gathering--all food sources (nuts, seeds, berries, and roots) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 1 1 Gathering not practiced, or it makes no appreciable contribution to the food supply 55 2 Gathering is practiced, and it contributes a tertiary food source in the average diet (approximately between a twentieth and a quarter of the normal diet) 56 3 Gathering is practiced, and it contributes a secondary food source in the average diet (approximately between a quarter and a half of the normal diet) 60 4 Gathering is practiced, and it contributes the dominant foodstuffs in the average diet (more than half of the normal diet) v208. Predominant types of foods gathered Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 6 2 Gathering consists predominantly in the collecting of wild herbs, or roots, or tubers, or all of these 29 3 Gathering consists predominantly in the collecting of wild seeds, or wild berries, or wild fruits (e.g., plums) or all of these 51 4 Gathering consists predominantly in the collecting of wild nuts or leaves, or both 59 5 Gathering consists of 2 and 3, neither being dominant 1 6 Gathering consists of 2 and 4, neither being dominant 13 7 Gathering consists of 3 and 4, neither being dominant 13 8 Gathering consists of 2, 3, and 5, none being clearly dominant v209. External sources of roots, nuts, seeds, berries, fruit, tubers, or leaves, etc. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=100; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 37 1 No extralocal trade (through barter, gift exchange, etc.) for roots, nuts, etc. 7 2 Wild herbs, roots, or tubers traded for extralocally 13 3 Wild seeds, berries, or fruits traded for extralocally 20 4 Wild nuts or leaves traded for extralocally 6 5 Both 2 and 3 4 6 Both 2 and 4 9 7 Both 3 and 4 4 8 2, 3, and 4 72 NA NA v210. Probable percentage of diet contributed by roots, seeds, berries, nuts. leaves, tubers, etc. procured extralocally Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=100; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 37 1 0% 62 2 1-10% 1 3 11-25% 72 NA NA v211. Probable percentage of diet contributed by roots, seeds, berries, nuts. leaves, tubers, etc. procured locally Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 27 2 1-10% 30 3 11-25% 55 4 26-50% 60 5 51-100% v212. Dominant land-transportation of food or other goods Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 22 1 No appreciable land-transport of any subsistence goods 136 2 Land-transport of subsistence goods is done exclusively by human carriers 1 3 Land-transport of subsistence goods is done exclusively by dogs (with either packs or travois, or with both) 13 4 Land-transport of subsistence goods is done by humans and dogs v213. Dominant water-transportation of food or other goods Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 52 1 Watercraft are not used for transport 48 2 Small watercraft are used to carry light loads (about 200 lb) for short distances over placid water (20 feet to 1/2 mile) 42 3 Watercraft are used to carry medium loads (about 300-600 lb) for medium distances (from 20 feet to several miles, across lakes, rivers, or even for short distances at sea) over turbulent water 29 5 Watercraft are used to carry large loads medium distances 1 NA NA v214. General availability of local subsistence resources Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 1 1 The food sources utilized by the society are notably constant from year to year, season to season, and day to day, so that an adequate supply for daily needs is regularly available by the expenditure of a reasonable amount of effort 171 2 The food sources are constant from year to year and season to season, but there is substantial diurnal variation in the available supply, owing to chance factors such as the success or failure of hunters on particular days v215. Major storage place for food: the place most preferred or frequently used Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 38 2 In pits, caves, or rock shelters 53 3 In dwelling or on high platform or house roof 23 4 In special storage structure, e.g., masonry granary 30 5 3 and 4 16 6 2 and 3 9 8 2 and 4 3 NA NA v216. Maximum length of time food is stored Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 5 2 Two to six months 126 3 Seven months to a year 38 4 More than one year 3 NA NA v217. Weaving of nets, baskets, or mats Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 164 2 Weaving is predominantly a female activity 3 3 Weaving is predominantly a male activity 4 4 Weaving is done by both sexes, neither clearly predominanting 1 NA NA v218. Specialized weaving of nets, baskets, or mats Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=121; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 66 2 No specialization other than sex 55 3 Select people who possess either special skills or supernatural power, or both 51 NA NA v219. Production task-groups for weaving of nets, baskets, or mats Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 170 2 Weaving of nets, baskets, or mats is practiced, but not by task groups 1 3 Weaving by task groups whose members, male or female, are not necessarily related as kin or affines, nor are they necessarily relatives 1 NA NA v220. Weaving of cotton-wool-hair into garments Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 127 1 No weaving of cotton, wool, or hair into garments 28 2 Predominantly a female activity 11 3 Predominantly a male activity 6 4 Weaving of cotton, wool, or hair into garments is done by both sexes, neither clearly predominating v221. Specialized weaving of cotton, wool, or hair into garments Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=158; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 127 1 No weaving of cotton, wool, or hair into garments 3 2 No specialization in weaving of cotton, wool, or hair, other than perhaps sex 28 3 Select people who possess either special skills or supernatural power, or both, do specialized weaving of cotton, wool, or hair garments 14 NA NA v222. Task-groups weave cotton-wool-hair into garments Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=166; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 127 1 No local weaving of cotton, wool, or hair 39 2 Weaving of cotton, wool, or hair is practiced, but not by task groups 6 NA NA v223. Leather-hide-working: dressing skins locally Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=158; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 1 1 No leather-working is practiced locally 85 2 Leather-working is predominantly men's work 46 3 Leather-working is predominantly women's work 26 4 Leather-working is done by both sexes, neither clearly predominating 14 NA NA v224. Specialized hide-working Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=130; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 1 1 No hide-working 121 2 No specialization other than perhaps sex 8 3 Select people who possess either special skills or supernatural power, or both, specialize in hide working 42 NA NA v225. Production task-groups in leather-hide-working Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 1 1 No hides worked locally 167 2 Hides worked, but not by task groups 1 4 Hides are worked by male task groups whose members are predominantly kin-related 3 NA NA v226. Pottery manufacture Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=167; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 104 1 No pottery is manufactured locally 3 2 Pottery manufacture is predominantly men's work 59 3 Pottery manufacture is predominantly women's work 1 4 Pottery manufacture is done by both sexes, neither clearly predominating 5 NA NA v227. Specialized pottery manufacture Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=144; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 105 1 No pottery manufactured 21 2 No specialization other than perhaps sex 18 3 Select people who possess either special skills or supernatural power, or both, specialize in pottery manufacture 28 NA NA v228. Production task-groups for pottery Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=165; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 104 1 No pottery made locally 61 2 Pottery made, but not by task groups 7 NA NA v229. Boat building: all types of watercraft Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 51 1 No watercraft built locally 120 3 Watercraft primarily built by men 1 NA NA v230. Specialization of boat building for all types of watercraft Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=146; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 51 1 No watercraft are built 50 2 No specialization other than perhaps sex 45 3 Select people who possess either special skills or supernatural power, or both, specialize in boat building 26 NA NA v231. Production task-groups in boat building Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=151; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 51 1 No boats built locally 97 2 Boats are built, but not by task groups 3 4 Boats are built by male task groups whose members are predominantly kin-related 21 NA NA v232. House construction: dominant types or types in which people Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=165; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 14 1 Houses built primarily by women 130 2 Houses built primarily by men 21 3 Houses built by men and women, neither clearly predominating 7 NA NA v233. Specialization in house construction Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=159; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 124 1 No specialization other than perhaps sex 35 2 Select people who possess either special skills or supernatural power, or both, specialize in house construction 13 NA NA v234. Production task-groups in house construction Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=144; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 56 1 Houses are not built by task-groups 3 2 Houses are built by task groups whose members, male or female, are not necessarily related, and if related, are neither predominantly affines or kin 65 3 Houses are built by male task groups whose members are predominantly kin-related 5 4 Houses are built by male task groups whose members are predominantly affine-related 15 7 Houses are built by task groups composed of male and female members primarily kin-related 28 NA NA v235. Division of labor of gathering of all types of foodstuffs Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=1 Freq Value Description 172 2 Gathering is principally done by females v236. Specialization in gathering Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=164; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 5 1 No gathering practiced or no specialization in tasks 152 2 No specialization in gathering other than those based on sex 7 3 Select people who possess either special skills or supernatural power, or both, specialize in gathering, if only as leaders or directors of the tasks 8 NA NA v237. Role of children and the aged in gathering Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=141; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 4 1 Children or the aged (or both groups) do not help in gathering 137 2 Children or the aged (or both groups) do help in gathering 31 NA NA v238. Production task-groups in gathering Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=90; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 18 2 Gathering is not done by task-groups 71 4 Gathering is done by female task groups whose members are predominantly kin-related 1 6 Gathering is done by female task groups whose members are neither predominantly kin nor affine-related 82 NA NA v239. Division of labor of hunting of all land mammals, fowl, etc. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=1 Freq Value Description 172 2 Hunting is principally done by males v240. Role of children and the aged in hunting Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=113; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 1 1 No hunting is practiced 84 2 Neither children nor the aged help in hunting 15 4 Children help in hunting, but the aged do not 13 5 Both children and the aged help in hunting 59 NA NA v241. Specialization in hunting Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=146; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 1 1 No hunting is practiced, or there is no specialization in tasks 27 2 No hunting specialization other than that which is based on sex 118 3 Select people who possess either special skills or supernatural power, or both, specialize in hunting, if only as leaders or directors of the tasks 26 NA NA v242. Production task-groups in hunting Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=168; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 10 2 Hunting is not done by task-groups 7 3 Hunting is done by task groups whose members, male or female, are not necessarily related, and if related, are neither predominantly affines or kin 151 4 Hunting is done by male task groups whose members are predominantly kin-related 4 NA NA v243. Division of labor of fishing: all forms of animal extraction from water, including true fishing, capturing of sea-mammals, and shellfishing Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=168; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 32 1 No extraction of animals from water is practiced 132 2 Fishing is principally done by males 2 3 Fishing is principally done by females 2 4 Fishing is done by males and females, neither clearly predominating 4 NA NA v244. Role of children and the aged in fishing Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=108; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 34 1 No extraction of animals from water is practiced 65 2 Neither children nor the aged help in fishing 1 3 The aged help in fishing, but children do not 3 4 Children help in fishing, but the aged do not 5 5 Both children and the aged help in fishing 64 NA NA v245. Production task-groups in fishing Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=156; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 33 1 No fishing 36 2 Fishing is not done by task-groups 1 3 Fishing is done by task groups whose members, male or female, are not necessarily related, and if related, are neither predominantly affines or kin 86 4 Fishing is done by male task groups whose members are predominantly kin-related 16 NA NA v246. Specialization in fishing Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 38 1 No fishing is practiced, or there is no specialization in tasks 34 2 No specialization of fishing or sea-mammal hunting other than that which is based on sex 33 3 Select people who possess either special skills or supernatural power, or both, specialize in fishing, if only as leaders or directors of the tasks 67 NA NA v247. Division of labor of animal husbandry Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=1 Freq Value Description 172 1 No animal husbandry practiced v248. Role of children and the aged in agriculture Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=163; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 135 1 No agriculture is practiced 9 2 Neither children nor the aged help in agriculture 14 4 Children help in agriculture, but the aged do not 5 5 Both children and the aged help in agriculture 9 NA NA v249. Specialization in agriculture Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 141 1 No agriculture, or there is no specialization in tasks 12 2 No agricultural specialization other than that which is based on sex 18 3 Select people who possess either special skills or supernatural power, or both, specialize in agriculture, if only as leaders or directors of the tasks 1 NA NA v250. Production task-groups in agriculture Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 134 1 No agriculture 16 2 Agriculture is not done by task-groups 1 3 Agriculture is done by task groups whose members, male or female, are not necessarily related, and if related, are neither predominantly affines or kin 20 4 Agriculture is done by male task groups whose members are predominantly kin-related 1 NA NA v251. Division of labor of agriculture Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 134 1 No agriculture practiced 1 2 Agriculture is principally female work 23 3 Agriculture is principally male work 14 4 Agriculture is done by males and females, neither clearly predominating v252. Reciprocity distribution of food and chattels within a society (intracommunity or local residence group) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 122 2 Food and/or chattels are predominantly distributed on a balanced or equal basis, i.e., donors and recipients reverse roles on a fairly equal basis and contribute and receive food and/or chattels more or less equally 1 4 Food and/or chattels are predominantly distributed on a negative basis, i.e., some people possess or have access to much more food and/or many more chattels than other people. A pattern obtains where the possessors of plenty provide for the needy as the exigencies dictate; but the needy recipients, in turn, pay back a greater quantity of food and/or chattels to the original donor than they received (The return payment may be deferred for a season or more 21 5 Both 2 and 3 obtain, neither clearly predominates 16 6 Both 2 and 4 obtain, neither clearly predominates 12 8 2, 3, and 4 obtain, none clearly predominates v253. Redistribution of food and chattels within a society (intracommunity or local residence group) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 28 1 There is no redistribution of chattels and/or food 68 2 Food and/or chattels are collected predominantly by individuals who are not necessarily lineage, deme, nor household heads, and these objects are then redistributed among the people in the local residence group--among kin and/or nonkin 1 3 Food and/or chattels are collected predominantly by individuals who are lineage, deme, or household heads, and these objects are then redistributed among the people in the local residence group--among kin and/or nonkin 11 4 Food and/or chattels are collected predominantly by individuals who represent the local residence group as a whole (such as chief, village headman, and the like) rather than simply a deme, lineage, or household, and these objects are then redistributed among the people in the local residence group--among kin and/or nonkin 19 5 Both 2 and 3 are practiced, neither clearly predominates 3 6 Both 2 and 4 are practiced, neither clearly predominates 30 7 Both 3 and 4 are practiced, neither clearly predominates 12 8 2, 3, and 4 are practiced, none clearly predominates v254. Sharing of access to local food resources as a form of distribution within the society (intracommunity or local residence group) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 101 1 Most local food resources are viewed as being either communal property or free and available to all 30 2 Most local food resources such as animals on specific tidewater flats, roots on specific grounds, fields of corn, are viewed as being private properties of units within the local community, such as demes, lineages, or households, yet access to these resources is provided to other units within the local community 4 3 Most local food resources such as fish and shellfish on tidewater flats, roots on specific grounds, fields of corn and beans, are viewed as being private properties of units within the local community, such as demes, lineages, or households, access to these resources is not provided to other units within the local community 18 4 Most local food resources are viewed as being private properties of individual persons within the local communities, yet access to these resources is provided to other people within the local community 1 5 Most local food resources are viewed as being private properties of individual persons, and access to these resources is not provided to other people within the local community 13 6 Both 2 and 4 are present, neither clearly predominates 1 7 Both 2 and 5 are present, neither clearly predominates 3 8 Both 3 and 4 are present, none clearly predominates 1 11 1, 2, and 4 are present, none clearly predominates v255. Ceremonialism or etiquette in intracommunity reciprocity of food and/or chattels Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 14 1 No reciprocity 42 2 Reciprocity, but no ceremonialism of any sort 34 3 Ceremonialism is present when food and/or chattels are reciprocated; e.g., the recipient returns food and/or chattels to the original donor in a particular way at an appropriate time 82 4 Both reciprocity without ceremonialism and ceremonialism v256. Ceremonialism or etiquette in intracommunity redistribution of food and/or chattels Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 37 1 No redistribution of food and/or chattels 2 2 Redistribution in which there is no ceremonialism of any sort and in which recipients of food and/or chattels are treated about equally 3 3 Redistribution with ceremony in which the donor provides food for the ceremony, and all who attend receive about equal shares regardless of differences in status, rank, or kinship 3 4 Redistribution in which there is ceremonialism and in which recipients of food and/or chattels are treated about equally 32 5 Redistribution in which there is some ceremonialism and in which recipients receive food and/or chattels differentially; e.g., nonkin receive more than kin or vice versa, the people of highest rank receive more than those of lowest rank, the people with the greatest prestige are the first to receive gifts, and so forth 33 6 Both 2 and 4 62 7 Both 2 and 3 v257. Ceremonialism or etiquette in intracommunity use of privately owned food resources and/or chattels Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 69 1 No or few privately owned food resources and/or chattels 11 2 No intracommunity use of privately owned food resources and/or chattels permitted; therefore no ceremonialism 8 3 No ceremonialism or etiquette is involved in exploiting food resources or using chattels recognized as belonging to others 54 4 Some ceremonialism or etiquette is involved in gaining access to the food resources or the use of chattels recognized as belonging to others; e.g., invitations are extended, use is requested, affines are expected to use the resources and/or chattels, and so forth 30 5 Both 3 and 4 v258. Reciprocity distribution of food and chattels between (or among) societies (intercommunity or extralocal residence-group reciprocity) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 20 1 There is no reciprocity between or among extralocal groups 129 2 Food and/or chattels are predominantly distributed on a balanced or equal basis, i.e., donors and recipients reverse roles on a fairly equal basis and contribute and receive food and/or chattels more or less equally 5 3 Food and/or chattels are predominantly distributed on a generalized basis, i.e., people in the local group possess or have access to much more food and/or many more chattels than people in another local group. A pattern obtains where the possessors of plenty are generalized donors and those who possess less are generalized recipients. The recipients do not reciprocate to the donors in amount 2 4 Food and/or chattels are predominantly distributed on a negative basis, i.e., people in the local group possess or have access to much more food and/or many more chattels than people in other local groups. A pattern obtains where the possessors of plenty provide for the needy as the exigencies dictate; but the needy recipients, in turn, pay back as negative donors a greater quantity of food and/or chattels to the original donor than they received (The return payment may be deferred for a season or more 1 6 Negative reciprocity (as in #4) in which the local group is the negative recipient of food and/or chattels from a group that possesses plenty (or from several groups), rather than being the possessors and donors of plenty themselves 9 7 Both 2 and 3 obtain, neither clearly predominates 6 8 Both 3 and 4 obtain, none clearly predominates v259. Redistribution of chattels and food within a society between (or among) societies (intercommunity or extralocal residence-group redistribution) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 170 1 No extralocal redistribution of chattels and/or food involves the local group as donor or as recipient 2 3 Food and/or chattels are collected predominantly by individual persons who are not necessarily lineage, deme, or household heads, and these objects are then redistributed among people from other communities (extralocal residence-groups) v260. Sharing of access to local food resources as a form of distribution between (or among) societies (intercommunity or extralocal residence-group redistribution) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 76 1 No access to local food resources is given to people from different extralocal groups 68 2 Most local food resources are viewed as being communal property, or as free and available to all, and access to these resources is extended to people from other communities (extralocal groups) 6 3 Most local food resources re viewed as being private properties of units within the local community, such as demes, lineages, or households, yet access to these resources is provided to people from other communities (extralocal groups) 10 4 Most local food resources are viewed as being private properties of individuals within the local community, yet access to these resources is provided to people from other communities (extralocal groups) 6 5 Both 2 and 3 are present, neither clearly predominates 6 6 Both 3 and 4 are present, neither clearly predominates v261. Ceremonialism or etiquette in intercommunity reciprocity of food and/or chattels Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 23 1 No intercommunity reciprocity 17 2 Reciprocity between individuals from different communities, but no ceremonialism of any sort 32 3 Ceremonialism is present when food and/or chattels are reciprocated; e.g., the recipient from one community returns food and/or chattels to the original donor in another community in a particular way at an appropriate time 14 4 Reciprocity between ceremonial or political leaders of localized community units, such as patrilineages and patriclans, patridemes, the matriunits, and less structured communities 19 5 Both 2 and 4 66 6 Both 2 and 3 1 7 Both 3 and 4 v262. Ceremonialism or etiquette in intercommunity redistribution of food and/or chattels Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 168 1 No intercommunity redistribution of food and/or chattels 2 4 Redistribution among people from more than one community accompanied with ceremonialism; the recipients of food and/or chattels are treated about equally by the donor 2 5 Both 2 and 4 v263. Ceremonialism or etiquette in intercommunity use of privately owned food resources and/or chattels Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 73 1 No or few privately owned food resources and/or chattels 38 2 No intercommunity use of privately owned food resources and/or chattels 6 3 No ceremonialism nor etiquette is involved in allowing people from other communities (extralocal groups) to exploit food resources or use chattels recognized as belonging to the host-group (or members of the host-group) 8 4 Some ceremonialism or etiquette is involved in allowing people from other communities to exploit food resources or use chattels recognized as belonging to the host-group(or members of the host-group), e.g., invitations are extended, or requests are granted, affines are expected to use the hosts' resources and/or chattels, joint use or exploitation is accompanied by feasting, dancing, and so forth 47 5 Both 3 and 4 v264. Barter or trade within communities for food and/or chattels (intracommunity or local residence-group) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 58 1 Barter or trade, replete with higgle-haggle over value does not occur. 1 2 Barter or trade, but no mention of standardized values or higgle-haggle 50 3 Barter or trade as reciprocal gift-giving between friends, but with bargaining between strangers 18 4 Barter or trade, replete with higgle-haggle over value for food and/or chattels occurs, but only between people who are not close kin 33 5 Barter for food and/or chattels occurs among kin and nonkin, especially between craft specialists and their clients 12 6 Both 4 and 5 v265. Gift exchange within communities for food and/or chattels (intracommunity or local residence-group) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 1 1 No gift exchange occurs, or if it occurs it is negligible 51 2 Gift exchange regardless of kinship or rank 68 3 Gift exchange for food and/or chattels occurs predominantly between kin and affines (exchange may be deferred) 2 4 Gift exchange for food and/or chattels occurs predominantly between people of similar rank 50 5 Both 3 and 4 obtain, neither clearly predominating v266. Barter or trade between (or among) communities for food and/or chattels (intercommunity or extralocal residence-groups) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 15 1 Barter or trade, replete with higgle-haggle over value, does not occur 26 2 Barter or trade, but no mention of standardized values or higgle-haggle 34 3 Barter or trade as reciprocal gift-giving between friends, but with bargaining between strangers 8 4 Barter or trade occurs, but values are standardized and higgle-haggle does not occur 29 5 Barter or trade, replete with higgle-haggle over value, does occur 60 6 Both 4 and 5 v267. Agents of barter or trade between communities (intercommunity or extralocal residence-groups) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 15 1 No agents or barter or trade 113 2 Intercommunity barter or trade is conducted by producers with anyone who wishes to trade 3 3 Intercommunity barter or trade is conducted by specially designated traders 12 4 Intercommunity barter or trade is conducted between trade partners (trade partners may use kinship terms) 5 5 Intercommunity barter or trade is conducted by headmen, chiefs, or other permanent leaders 13 6 Both 2 and 3, neither clearly predominating 9 7 Both 2 and 4, neither clearly predominating 2 10 2, 3, and 4, none clearly predominating v268. Gift exchange between (or among) communities for food and/or chattels (intercommunity or extralocal residence-groups) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 19 1 No gift exchange occurs, or if it occurs it is negligible 40 2 Gift exchange between individuals in different communities regardless of kinship or rank 22 3 Gift exchange occurs predominantly between kin and affines (exchange may be deferred) 4 4 Gift exchange occurs predominantly between people of similar rank (exchange may be deferred) 60 5 Both 3 and 4 obtain, neither clearly predominating 27 6 Gift exchange between ceremonial or political leaders of localized communities, such as patrilineages, patrisibs, patridemes, parallel matriunits, and multiple kin-group communities v269. Ownership of key gathering sites, i.e., root grounds, berry bushes, seed grounds, cacti, wild trees, etc. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=11 Freq Value Description 77 1 No gathering sites, or if there are gathering sites, they are not predominantly recognized as private property 8 2 Gathering sites for key extractive resources are predominantly recognized as property belonging to ambilocal households and/or larger ambilocal units 32 3 Gathering sites for key extractive resources are predominantly recognized as properties belonging to patridemes or patrihouseholds 3 4 Gathering sites for key extractive resources are predominantly recognized as properties belonging to matridemes or matrihouseholds 16 5 Gathering sites for key extractive resources are predominantly recognized as properties belonging to patrilineages or patrisibs 15 6 Gathering sites for key extractive resources are predominantly recognized as properties belonging to matrilineages or matrisibs 1 7 Gathering sites for key extractive resources are predominantly recognized as the property of women (owned individually or by task-groups) and not as property of matridemes, matrihouseholds, matrilineages or matrisibs 8 8 Gathering sites for key extractive resources are predominantly recognized as the property of men (owned individually or by task-groups) and not as property of patridemes, patrihouseholds, patrilineages or patrisibs 1 10 Some gathering sites for key extractive resources are owned by men (individually or by task-groups) and some by women (individually or by task-groups), neither clearly predominanting. (The resources on male-owned sites may be different in kind from those on female-owned sites) 9 11 No predominance of either individual or group ownership, but both 1 13 Both 2 and 8 1 NA NA v270. Ownership of key hunting sites, i.e., deadfalls, deer runs, sites for catching eagles, fowl nesting areas, game tracts, etc. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 97 1 No hunting sites, or if there are hunting sites, such as large game tracts, they are not regarded as private property 6 2 Hunting sites for key extractive resources are predominantly recognized as property belonging to ambilocal households and/or larger ambilocal units 33 3 Hunting sites for key extractive resources are predominantly recognized as properties belonging to patridemes or patrihouseholds 3 4 Hunting sites for key extractive resources are predominantly recognized as properties belonging to matridemes or matrihouseholds 7 5 Hunting sites for key extractive resources are predominantly recognized as properties belonging to patrilineages or patrisibs 13 6 Hunting sites for key extractive resources are predominantly recognized as properties belonging to matrilineages or matrisibs 6 7 Hunting sites for key extractive resources are predominantly recognized as the property of men (owned individually or by task-groups) and not as property of patridemes, patrihouseholds, patrilineages or patrisibs 3 8 Some hunting sites for key extractive resources are owned by men (individually or by task-groups) and some by patrihouseholds, patridemes, patrilineages or patrisibs, none clearly predominanting. (The resources on individually-owned sites may be different in kind from the resources on sites owned by kinship-groups) 1 9 No predominance of individual or group ownership, but both 3 NA NA v271. Ownership of key fishing and other aquatic animal extraction-sites (including all forms of animal extraction from water, tidewater flats, sections of river banks, or from weirs and impounds Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 97 1 No fishing sites, or if there are fishing sites, they are predominantly recognized as private property 2 2 Fishing sites for key extractive resources are predominantly recognized as property belonging to ambilocal households and/or larger ambilocal units 32 3 Fishing sites for key extractive resources are predominantly recognized as properties belonging to patridemes or patrihouseholds 1 4 Fishing sites for key extractive resources are predominantly recognized as properties belonging to matridemes or matrihouseholds 4 5 Fishing sites for key extractive resources are predominantly recognized as properties belonging to patrilineages or patrisibs 11 6 Fishing sites for key extractive resources are predominantly recognized as properties belonging to men born into matrilineages or matrisibs 1 7 Fishing sites for key extractive resources are predominantly recognized as the property of women (owned individually or by task-groups) and not as property of matridemes, matrihouseholds, matrilineages or matrisibs 7 8 Fishing sites for key extractive resources are predominantly recognized as the property of men (owned individually or by task-groups) and not as property of patridemes, patrihouseholds, patrilineages or patrisibs 15 11 Some fishing sites are owned by individual men or women and others are owned by kinship units (households, demes, lineages, or clans), neither individual nor group ownership clearly predominates. (Individually-owned resources may differ in kind from resources owned by kinship units) 1 12 Both 1 and 7 1 NA NA v272. Ownership of farming sites, including cultivated trees, but not tobacco plots Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 127 1 No farming sites 3 2 Farming sites are communal and available to anyone who wishes to use them 11 3 Farming sites are owned by nuclear or polygynous families 2 4 Farming sites are predominantly recognized as belonging to patridemes or patrihouseholds 2 5 Farming sites are predominantly recognized as belonging to matridemes or matrihouseholds 2 6 Farming sites are predominantly recognized as belonging to patrilineages or patrisibs 6 7 Farming sites are predominantly recognized as belonging to matrilineages or matrisibs 7 8 Farming sites are predominantly recognized as belonging to men (owned individually or by task-groups) and not patridemes, patrihouseholds, patrilineages or patrisibs 10 11 Some farming sites are owned by individual men or women and others are owned by kinship units (households, demes, lineages, or clans), neither individual nor group ownership clearly predominates. (Individually-owned resources may differ in kind from resources owned by kinship units) 2 12 Both 8 and 10 v273. Ownership of house Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 26 1 House owned (perhaps only temporarily) by the individual(male or female) who constructs and cares for it 4 2 House owned jointly by man and wife 59 3 House owned (perhaps only temporarily) by family household that occupies it 51 4 House owned by patrideme or patrihousehold 3 5 House owned by matrideme or matrihousehold 12 6 House owned by patrilineage or patrisib 14 7 House owned by matrilineage or matrisib 3 NA NA v274. Ownership of men's chattels (movable property such as canoes, blankets, bows, knives, slaves, etc.) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 1 2 Males have usufruct rights over some chattels, but not clear ownership 7 3 Males have usufruct rights over some chattels, though they do not retain right to dispose of chattels as they see fit 144 4 Males have ownership rights over some chattels, retaining the right to dispose of the chattels as they see fit 20 5 Both 3 and 4 obtain, neither clearly predominating v275. Ownership of women's chattels (movable property such as coppers, blankets, clothes, tools, etc.) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 7 3 Females have usufruct rights over some chattels, though they do not retain right to dispose of chattels as they see fit 146 4 Females have ownership rights over some chattels, retaining the right to dispose of the chattels as they see fit 19 5 Both 3 and 4 obtain, neither clearly predominating v276. Ownership of common property following divorce Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=56; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 40 1 There is little or no common property and it is not a consideration at divorce 1 3 Compensation in shell trade or other material wealth is paid by relatives of spouse considered to be at fault. Innocent spouse retains bulk of common property 4 4 Men take most of the common property at divorce 3 5 Women take most of the common property at divorce 8 6 Men take all of the common property at divorce 116 NA NA v277. Inheritance of gathering sites Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 86 1 No specific gathering sites, and/or no inheritance 7 2 Gathering sites are retained communally by all kinship groups in the community (local residence-group), not by individual persons, specific task-groups, or kinship units 20 3 Gathering sites are inherited (even if only to be supervised) by the oldest son or daughter of the recognized leader of the kinship unit (household, deme, lineage, sib) that owns the site 26 5 Gathering sites are inherited (even if only to be supervised) by the most competent kin (lineal or collateral, so not necessarily a son or daughter) of the recognized leader of the kinship unit that owns the site 24 6 Gathering sites are inherited by the sons or daughters of the person or the members of the task-group that owns the site 5 10 Gathering sites are inherited by the son-in-law of a male owner 3 11 Both 2 and 6 1 NA NA v278. Inheritance of hunting sites Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 104 1 No specific hunting sites, and no inheritance 9 2 Hunting sites are retained communally by all the kinship groups in the community (local residence-group), not by individual persons, specific task-groups, or kinship units 16 3 Hunting sites are inherited (even if only to be supervised) by the oldest son or daughter of the recognized leader of the kinship unit (household, deme, lineage, sib) that owns the site 1 4 Hunting sites are inherited (even if only to be supervised) by the most competent son or daughter, not necessarily the oldest, of the recognized leader of the kinship unit (household, deme, lineage, sib) that owns the site 18 5 Hunting sites are inherited (even if only to be supervised) by the most competent kin (lineal or collateral, so not necessarily a son or daughter) of the recognized leader of the kinship unit that owns the site 16 6 Hunting sites are inherited by the sons or daughters of the person or the members of the task-group that owns the site 2 10 Both 2 and 3 5 11 Hunting sites are inherited by the son-in-law of a male owner 1 NA NA v279. Inheritance of fishing and other aquatic animal extraction sites Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 103 1 No specific fishing sites, and no fish-site inheritance 12 2 Fishing sites are retained communally by all the kinship groups in the community (local residence-group), not by individual persons, specific task-groups, or kinship units 14 3 Fishing sites are inherited (even if only to be supervised) by the oldest son or daughter of the recognized leader of the kinship unit (household, deme, lineage, sib) that owns the site 25 5 Fishing sites are inherited (even if only to be supervised) by the most competent kin (lineal or collateral, so not necessarily a son or daughter) of the recognized leader of the kinship unit that owns the site 13 6 Fishing sites are inherited by the sons or daughters of the person or the members of the task-group that owns the site 1 10 Combination of 2, 3, and 2 11 Fishing sites are inherited by the son-in-law of a male owner 2 NA NA v280. Inheritance of farming sites Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 127 1 No farming practiced 3 2 Farming sites are retained communally by all the kinship groups in the community (local residence-group), not by individual persons, specific task-groups, or kinship units 5 3 Farming sites are inherited (even if only to be supervised) by the oldest son or daughter of the recognized leader of the kinship unit (household, deme, lineage, sib) that owns the site 8 5 Farming sites are inherited (even if only to be supervised) by the most competent kin (lineal or collateral, so not necessarily a son or daughter) of the recognized leader of the kinship unit that owns the site 22 6 Farming sites are inherited by the sons or daughters of the person or the members of the task-group that owns the site 5 8 Farming sites are inherited by son-in-law of male owner 2 NA NA v281. Inheritance of houses Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=141; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 72 1 No inheritance of house (The house may be a temporary structure, it may be disposed of at the death of the owner, or it may be occupied by the first person who claims it) 20 2 Houses are inherited (even if only as supervisor) by the oldest son or daughter of the recognized leader of the kinship unit (household, deme, lineage, sib) that owns the house 15 3 Houses are inherited (even if only as supervisor) by the most competent son or daughter, not necessarily the oldest, of the recognized leader of the kinship unit that owns the house 15 4 Houses are inherited (even if only as supervisor) by the most competent kin (lineal or collateral, so not necessarily a son or daughter) of the recognized leader of the kinship unit that owns the site 18 6 Houses are inherited by the son(s) or daughter(s) of the person who owns the house 1 11 House is inherited by surviving spouse 31 NA NA v282. Inheritance of men's chattels Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique values=12 Freq Value Description 3 1 No male chattels of consequence and no inheritance of men's chattels 25 2 Male chattels inherited more or less equally by all available sons, some perhaps being given to more distant collaterals, friends, or affines 15 3 Male chattels are predominantly inherited by sons 7 4 Male chattels are predominantly inherited by the oldest son 95 5 Male chattels are disposed of at death, or are bequeathed or sold in any manner elected by the owner before death 1 6 Male chattels are predominantly inherited by a man's sister's son 1 7 Male chattels are predominantly inherited by child regardless of sex 9 8 Both 3 and 5 6 10 Both 4 and 5 3 11 Male chattels disposed of at death, or given to nonrelatives 3 13 Both 2 and 5 1 14 Male chattels are predominantly inherited by sisters, brothers, and other members of man's matrisib 3 NA NA v283. Inheritance of women's chattels Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 3 1 No female chattels of consequence and no inheritance of women's chattels 14 2 Female chattels inherited more or less equally by all available daughters, some perhaps being given to more distant collaterals, friends, or affines 35 3 Female chattels are predominantly inherited by daughters 97 5 Female chattels are disposed of at death, or are bequeathed or sold in any manner elected by the owner before death 1 6 Female chattels are predominantly inherited by child regardless of sex 3 7 Both 2 and 5 14 8 Both 3 and 5 3 10 Female chattels disposed of at death, or given to nonrelatives 2 NA NA v284. Fixity of settlement Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 8 1 Degree of settlement of the community is that of migratory or nomadic bands occupying temporary camps for brief periods successively throughout the year 73 2 That of seminomadic communities temporary camps for much of the year but aggregated in a fixed settlement at some season or seasons, e.g., recurrently occupied winter quarters 67 4 Semisedentary settlements occupied throughout the year by at least a nucleus of the community's population, but from which a substantial proportion of the population departs seasonally to occupy shifting camps, e.g., on extended hunting or fishing trips or during pastoral transhumanance 2 6 Impermanent settlements occupied throughout the year, but moved from time to time for nonecological reasons, e.g., because of untoward events like an epidemic or the death of a headman 21 7 Permanent settlements occupied throughout the year and for long or indefinite periods (In default of definite evidence of impermanence, raters were instructed to use7 rather than 5 or 6) 1 NA NA v285. Compactness of settlement Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 106 1 Settlements are compact, e.g., nucleated villages or concentrated camps 46 2 Settlements are dispersed, e.g., neighborhoods of isolated homesteads or bands whose members live in dispersed family camps 9 3 Settlements are composed of spatially separate hamlets or subsettlements 2 4 Settlements are partially dispersed, e.g., a central village or town core with outlying satellite hamlets or family homesteads 8 5 Settlements are straggling, e.g. dwellings or homesteads strung out along a river bank, the seashore, or the like, in a rather continuous distribution. Such settlements merge into one another, but are considered distinct settlements by the occupants, nevertheless. 1 NA NA v286. Size of the community population (the size of the typical community in the focal area) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 76 1 Fewer than 50 persons 46 2 From 50 to 99 persons 28 3 From 100 to 199 persons 6 4 From 200 to 399 persons 10 5 From 400 to 799 persons 2 6 From 800 to 1,599 persons 1 7 From 1,600 to 3,199 persons 3 NA NA v287. Density of community organization Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 155 1 Within the culture being examined (focal area), the society is mostly rural; the largest communities have none of the characteristics of administrative, ceremonial, or mercantile centers 17 2 The largest settlement is primarily a ceremonial or religious center for the focal area (which is perhaps a larger and more densely populated region) v288. Population density within territory controlled by community Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 20 1 Less than one person per five square miles 32 2 From one person per square mile to one per five square miles 66 3 From one to five persons per square mile 45 4 From five to 25 persons per square mile 8 5 From 25 to 100 persons per square mile 1 NA NA v289. Community structure Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=159; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 80 1 There are no structures in the community that are larger or more impressive than the usual residential dwellings 30 2 The most impressive structure (or type of structure) in the community is the residence of a category of influential persons, e.g., a mansion, palace, or large structure occupied by the local headman, a noble or a wealthy landowner 34 3 The most impressive structure (or type of structure) is an assembly hall, a men's house, or other essentially secular or public building 15 4 The most impressive structure (or type of structure) is a temple, church, or other essentially religious or ceremonial edifice 13 NA NA v290. Community segmentation Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 135 1 There are no local subdivisions of the typical or focal community other than family households 34 2 The community is divided into local moieties, i.e., into two contrasting or opposing subdivisions, or into two subdivisions that lack the characteristics of moieties 2 3 The community is divided into three or more local subdivisions (wards, barrios, residential districts, or other) 1 NA NA v291. Intracommunity residence pattern Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 112 1 Residence in particular segments of the community is determined primarily by voluntary choice 52 2 Residence in particular segments of the community is determined primarily by kinship ties, as in the case of localized clans or ramages 1 3 Residence in particular local segments is determined primarily by ethnic considerations, e.g., race, tribal membership, or national origins 4 8 Residence in particular local segments is determined approximately equally by two or more types of consideration, among which kinship ties are relatively important 3 NA NA v292. Community integration Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 3 1 The focal or typical community is notably lacking in social integration, at least as compared with its constituent local segments or with some larger political unit of which it forms a part 17 2 The focal community is distinguished from other neighboring communities by ethnic factors, e.g., by belonging to a different tribe or speaking a different language 107 3 The focal or typical community is primarily a kinship unit, its members (or at least those of the sex that does not shift residence in marriage) belonging preponderantly to a single kinship unit, e.g., a clan or localized lineage, sib, or deme 43 4 The focal or typical community is integrated by multiple ties among a plurality of kinship groups, where the basic ties are kinship 2 NA NA v293. Form of marriage (dominant form is about 60 percent or more of all marriages) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=1 Freq Value Description 172 1 Monogamy: marriage of one woman and one man v294. Estimated incidence of polygamy, or plural marriage (all forms of polygamy, polygyny, and polyandry) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 28 1 No polygamy, or it is rare 90 2 5-10 percent 48 3 11-25 percent 6 4 26-50 percent v295. Dominant form of polygamy Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=165; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 28 1 No polygamy, or it is rare 50 2 Sororal polygyny wherein wives are sisters, or stand in roughly equivalent relationship to one another (such as classificatory sisters) 16 3 Nonsororal polygyny wherein wives are not sisters nor do they stand in any equivalent relationship to each other 71 4 General polygyny wherein wives may be sisters or unrelated 7 NA NA v296. Secondary marriage Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=166; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 15 1 No secondary marriages 1 2 Sororal polygyny 2 3 Sororate: marriage of a man to his deceased wife's sister or sister 4 4 Levirate: marriage of a woman to her deceased husband's brother or brother 3 5 Both 2 and 3 22 6 Both 3 and 4 100 7 2, 3, and 4 17 10 2, 3, 4, and 8 2 11 3, 4, and 8 6 NA NA v297. First-cousin marriage is approved (or dominant, or preferred, or prescribed) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 152 1 No first-cousin marriage of any form is approved, etc. 6 2 Matrilateral cross-cousin marriage is approved, etc 1 3 Patrilateral cross-cousin marriage is approved, etc. 10 5 Bilateral cross-cousin marriage is approved, etc. 1 6 Matrilateral cross-cousin marriage and matrilateral parallel-cousin marriage are both approved, etc. 1 7 4 and 5 1 NA NA v298. Second-cousin marriage is approved (or dominant, or preferred, or prescribed) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=157; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 130 1 No second-cousin marriage of any form is approved, etc. 4 2 Matrilateral cross-cousin marriage is approved, etc. 2 3 Patrilateral cross-cousin marriage is approved, etc. 1 4 Patrilateral parallel-cousin marriage is approved, etc. 13 5 Bilateral cross-cousin marriage is approved, etc. 5 6 Matrilateral cross-cousin marriage and matrilateral parallel-cousin marriage are both approved, etc. 1 7 4 and 5 1 8 Any second-cousin marriage is approved 15 NA NA v299. Nonlateral marriage is approved (or dominant, or preferred, or prescribed) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 26 1 Nonlateral marriage is not approved, etc. 126 2 Nonlateral marriage is approved, etc. (No marriage of any first and/or second cousins) 19 3 Nonlateral marriage, including cousins of third degree is approved, etc. (Rated present only if explicit statement of such. Thus, the statement blood relatives cannot marry, without additional information on what degree of relationship constitutes blood relationship is rated 2) 1 NA NA v300. Special marriages other than cousin marriages Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 78 1 None 50 2 Brother-sister exchange (or exchange of their terminological equivalents), includes sister-exchange and two men exchange sisters 3 3 Pseudo cross-cousin marriage (i.e., marriage to either mother's brother's or father's sister's stepchild) 4 4 Both 2 and 3 37 NA NA v301. Community marriages patterns: the prevalence of local exogamy, endogamy, or agamy Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=168; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 85 1 Marriage patterns are those of agamous communities, where there is no marked tendency or rule toward either exogamy or endogamy 69 2 Those of exogamous communities, where there is a marked tendency or rule for marriage partners to come from different communities 14 3 Those of endogamous communities, where there is a marked tendency or rule for marriage partners to come from the same community 4 NA NA v302. Exchange of gifts (goods and services) between relatives of the bride and groom at marriage: initial exchanges made prior to and through the nuptial rite Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 75 1 There is no exchange of gifts or services at marriage, or the exchange is negligible 44 2 Gift exchanges between relatives of the bride and the groom are reciprocal and roughly equal in goods, services, or both 48 3 Unequal gift exchanges, which tend to approach bride-prices 3 4 Unequal gift exchanges, which tend to approach dowries 2 NA NA v303. Exchange of gifts (goods and services) between relatives of the bride and groom after the nuptial rite Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=163; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 107 1 There is no exchange of gifts or services after the nuptial rite 4 2 Gift exchanges continue for about one year, or until the first child is born 52 3 Gift exchanges continue beyond approximately a year, or throughout the duration of the marriage 9 NA NA v304. Bride service, in which a man performs services for his bride's(or prospective bride's) family (usually as options to other forms of marriage obligations) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=164; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 108 1 No bride service 6 2 Bride service is performed before the marriage 18 3 Bride service continues for up to one year after the marriage is recognized 32 4 Bride service continues beyond one year 8 NA NA v305. Forms of the family which are predominant in the society (these family units do not necessarily co-reside) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 45 2 Independent families, or nuclear families composed of a man, wife, and their unmarried offspring 3 3 Polygynous families composed of a man, his wives, and their unmarried offspring 9 5 Stem families, which normally include only two related families of procreation (disregarding polygamous unions), the two being of adjacent generations 91 6 Lineal families, which normally include one family of procreation in the senior generation, but include at least two such families in the next generation 23 7 Extended families, which normally include at least two related families of procreation in at least two adjacent generations 1 NA NA v306. Forms of the family which occur often, but which do not predominate Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 132 1 No modal or secondary family form (Analysts used this attribute unless secondary form was explicitly stated or indicated) 18 2 Independent 11 3 Polygynous 7 5 Stem 3 6 Lineal 1 NA NA v307. Dominant family household forms, or co-residential units (not necessarily under same roof) which tend to share some domestic functions, such as distribution of food, child rearing and training, preparation of meals, etc. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 48 1 Nuclear family is independent 5 2 Each polygynous family unit is independent with a separate house for each wife 5 3 Polygynous family co-resides with all wives living in same house 5 5 Stem family household co-resides 84 6 Lineal family household co-resides 22 7 Extended family co-resides 3 NA NA v308. Dominant form of postnuptial household residence Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 36 1 Ambilocal household, where husband and wife live with (or near) the kin of one or the other, choice being based on relative need, advantage, etc. 6 2 Neolocal household, where husband and wife set up independent residence without respect to placement of families of orientation 9 3 Virilocal household, where husband and wife live with (or near) his kinsmen, but not necessarily his father 86 5 Patrilocal household, where husband and wife live with(or near) his father 28 6 Matrilocal household, where husband and wife live with(or near) her mother 7 7 Avunculocal household, where husband and wife live with his mother's brother v309. Secondary form or modal form of postnuptial household residence where no form represents 50% of all practices, or where the secondary form occurs frequently, but does not dominate Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 95 1 No secondary or modal, yet subordinate form 8 2 Ambilocal 16 3 Neolocal 7 5 Uxorilocal 5 6 Patrilocal 39 7 Matrilocal 2 NA NA v310. Initial temporary form of postnuptial household residence Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 102 1 No initial temporary form 58 2 Matrilocal or uxorilocal 8 3 Patrilocal or virilocal 1 4 Avunculocal 3 NA NA v311. Forms of descent probably observed Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 113 1 Bilateral descent, or nonunilineal descent: a person is considered equally related to kin traced through males or through females; distance, that is, number of links, rather than sex of connecting link, is used to differentiate kin 35 2 Patrilineal descent; a person emphasizes membership within a descent line through males 23 3 Matrilineal descent; a person emphasizes membership within a descent line through females 1 NA NA v312. Forms of kinship units Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 80 1 No descent units beyond the ego-oriented kindred of bilateral kinsmen. Kindreds differ for each member of the society except siblings 36 2 A deme is a group of people demonstrating descent from a common ancestor regardless of sex of connecting ascendants, which is united by some additional criterion(such as collective ownership, common residence, and so on). De facto, some of the recognized descendants of a given ancestor are potential members and others are actual members of the unit 23 3 A matrilinege is a lineage in which descent is demonstrated through the female line 33 4 A patrilinege is a lineage in which descent is demonstrated through the male line v313. Stipulated descent units, bilateral or unilineal Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 131 1 No stipulated descent units. Kinship units are either demonstrated or nonexistent, i.e., nothing beyond the ego-oriented kindred 1 2 Septs are demes which are linked through presumed (stipulated) relatives 29 3 Sibs are unilineal groups (matrilineal or patrilineal) that are linked through presumed (stipulated) descent 10 4 Clans 1 NA NA v314. Kinship units beyond sibs, septs and clans Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 125 1 No classification of kinship units, or none beyond demes and lineages, or none beyond sibs, septs, and clans 37 2 Moieties: there are only two units, or several units (bilateral or unilineal) are grouped into two divisions 9 3 Phratries: any grouping of kinship units other than moiety 1 NA NA v315. Location of dominant postnuptial residence with regard to demonstrated kinship units--bilateral or unilineal Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 79 1 No demonstrated kinship units 7 2 Residence is ambilocal (ambilocal demes of a special types are called ramages) 55 3 Residence is patrilocal (or virilocal) 24 4 Matrilocal (or uxorilocal) 7 5 Avunculocal v316. Localization of demonstrated kinship units Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 79 1 No demonstrated kinship units (only kindreds) 8 2 Members of kinship unit are dispersed in several communities 85 3 Members of kinship unit are localized in one community v317. Localization of stipulated kinship units Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 132 1 No stipulated kinship units 19 2 Members of kinship unit are dispersed in several communities 20 3 Members of kinship unit are localized in one community 1 NA NA v318. Relationships within the demonstrated kinship unit Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 81 1 No demonstrated kinship units 56 2 Egalitarian relations: internal statuses are differentiated solely on the basis of generation, sex, and age 35 3 Ranked relations: internal statuses are differentiated on the basis of considerations other than generation or age(birth order, and so forth) v319. Relationships within the stipulated kinship unit Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 132 1 No stipulated kinship units 33 2 Egalitarian relations 7 3 Ranked relations v320. Activities of the demonstrated kinship unit Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 81 1 No demonstrated kinship units 10 2 Unorganized demonstrated kinship units: no joint activity is carried out (such as ceremonies, and so forth) 80 3 Organized demonstrated kinship units: the unit carries out joint activities 1 NA NA v321. Activities of the stipulated kinship unit Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 132 1 No stipulated kinship units 18 2 Unorganized 22 3 Organized v322. Activities of moieties and phratries Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 125 1 No moiety or phratry 3 2 Unorganized 10 3 Organized, but only to regulate marriage 15 4 Organized to perform special rituals (including religious rituals, games, feasts, and so forth) 10 5 Both 3 and 4 7 6 Organized to perform rituals and regulate political affairs 2 NA NA v323. Relationships between demonstrated kinship units Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=164; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 80 1 No demonstrated kinship units 38 2 Nonhierarchical: demonstrated kinship units are not differentiated with respect to prestige, power, or privilege 27 3 Minimal hierarchy: units are differentiated on the basis of prestige alone 1 4 Moderate hierarchy: units form a set, one member of which has differential power or privilege 18 5 Hierarchical: a set of kinship units are differentiated with respect to power or privilege 8 NA NA v324. Relationships between stipulated kinship units Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 133 1 No stipulated kinship units 9 2 Nonhierarchical 19 3 Minimal hierarchy 10 5 Hierarchical 1 NA NA v325. Ownership of corporeal property by demonstrated kinship units Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=168; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 81 1 No demonstrated kinship units 48 2 No corporeal property, moveable or not, such as hunting territory, fishing stations, houses, etc. is owned by demonstrated kinship units 4 3 Movable corporeal property, such as houses, boats, fish traps and weirs, etc 18 4 Unmovable corporeal property, such as fishing stations, farm land, berry patches, etc. 17 5 Both 3 and 4 4 NA NA v326. Ownership of corporeal property by stipulated kinship units Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 133 1 No stipulated kinship units 21 2 No corporeal property 5 3 Movable corporeal property 3 4 Unmovable corporeal property 9 5 Both 3 and 4 1 NA NA v327. Ownership of incorporeal property by demonstrated kinship units Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=164; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 82 1 No demonstrated kinship units 47 2 No incorporeal property is owned by demonstrated kinship units 35 3 Incorporeal property includes privileges, heirlooms, rituals, songs, dances, crests, myths, names, and the like 8 NA NA v328. Ownership of incorporeal property by stipulated kinship units Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 133 1 No stipulated kinship units 14 2 No incorporeal property 23 3 Incorporeal property 2 NA NA v329. Kinship terms for grandparents Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=137; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 35 1 Bisexual pattern: two terms distinguished by sex, can be glossed as grandparent 14 2 Merging pattern: a single undifferentiated term can be glossed as grandparent 65 3 Bifurcate bisexual pattern: four terms, distinguished by both sex and sex of the connecting relative can be glossed as paternal grandfather, maternal grandfather, paternal grandmother, and maternal grandmother 6 4 Matri-skewed pattern: three terms distinguished by sex and, for females, distinguished also by the sex of the connecting relative, can be glossed as grandfather, paternal grandmother (or for female, mother's husband's brother), and maternal grandmother (Murdock's K) 1 5 Bifurcate pattern: two terms distinguished by the sex of connecting relative can be glossed as paternal grandparent and maternal grandparent (Murdock's M) 2 6 Rare pattern distinguishing between grandparent of ego's sex, GrFa (grandfather, woman speaking) and GrMo (grandmother, man speaking) (Murdock's K; On Map Cu-152 termed Ego same-sex distinction ) 7 7 Rare pattern intermediate between bifurcate and bifurcate bisexual patterns: distinguishes between FaPa (father's parents), MoFa (mother's father), and MoMo (mother's mother (Murdock's U; On Map Cu-152 termed Inter Bif/Bif Bisex M ) 5 8 Opposite of 7: Three terms are MoPa (mother's parents), FaMo, and FaFa (Murdock's V; On Map Cu-152 termed Inter Bif/Bif Bisex F ) 2 10 Three terms: (1) GrMo (man speaking) and GrFa (woman speaking), GrFa (man speaking), and (3) GrMo (woman speaking) 35 NA NA v330. Kinship terms for grandchildren Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=133; Number of unique values=11 Freq Value Description 42 1 Merging pattern: a single undifferentiated term can be glossed as grandchild 7 2 Bisexual pattern: where two terms, distinguished by sex, glossed as grandson and granddaughter 40 3 3 Self-reciprocal pattern: grandparental terms, either with or without diminutive affixes, are applied to grandchildren--a grandchild being invariably called by the same term which he applies to the speaker 3 4 Bifurcate bisexual pattern: four terms, distinguished by both the sex of the grandchild and sex of the connecting relative can be glossed as son's son, son's daughter, daughter's son, and daughter's daughter 14 5 Bifurcate pattern: two terms distinguished by the sex of connecting relative can be glossed as son's child and a?odaughter's child (Murdock's M) 10 6 Bifurcate speaker's sex pattern: four terms, differentiated by the sex both of the speaker and of the connecting relative can be glossed as son's child (man speaking), son's child (woman speaking), daughter's child (man speaking), and daughter's child (woman speaking) (Murdock's N) 3 7 Rare pattern between bifurcate and bifurcate bisexual patterns: SoCh, DaSo, and DaDa are distinguished (Murdock's R; On Map Cu-154 termed Inter Bif/Bif Bisexual) 7 8 Rare pattern between bifurcate and bifurcate speaker's-sex pattern: distinguishes between SoCh, DaCh woman speaking), and DaCh (man speaking) (Murdock's S; On Maps Cu-153 and Cu-154 termed Inter Bif/Bif SpkrSex A ) 1 10 Maximal differentiation pattern for woman speaker and man speaker. Each has a set of terms for SoSo, SoDa, DaSo, DaDa (Murdock's Y) 5 11 Terms are SoCh (man speaking), SoCh (woman speaking) and DaCh (both sexes speaking) (On Maps Cu-153 and Cu-154 termed Inter Bif/Bif SpkrSex B ) 1 12 Grandchild (man speaking), son's child (woman speaking), daughter's child (woman speaking) (On Map-Cu-154 termed Three terms ) 39 NA NA v331. Kinship terms for uncles Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=142; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 22 1 Simple bifurcate merging pattern: a single term can be glossed as mother's brother, paternal uncles being terminologically equated with father 61 2 Simple bifurcate collateral pattern: two special terms, distinguished by the sex of the connecting relative, can be glossed as paternal uncle and maternal uncle 23 3 Skewed bifurcate collateral pattern: three special terms, distinguished by the sex (mother or father) of the connecting person and also by age relative to that person, can be glossed as, in the case of paternal, uncles, father's elder brother. father's younger brother, and mother's brother 23 4 Lineal pattern: a special single term can be glossed as uncle, applying to both the father's and the mother's brothers and distinguishing them from the father 10 5 Age-differentiated bifurcate collateral pattern: four terms, distinguished by both relative age and the sex of the connecting person can be glossed as father's elder brother, father's younger brother, mother's elder brother, and mother's younger brother (Murdock's K) 2 6 Speaker-differentiated bifurcate merging pattern: paternal uncles are terminologically equated with father, while maternal uncles are called by two special terms, differentiated by the sex of the speaker, which can be glossed as mother's brother (man speaking), and mother's brother (woman speaking) (Murdock's M) 1 7 Speaker-differentiated bifurcate collateral pattern: four special terms, differentiated by the sex of the connecting person and sex of the speaker, can be glossed as father's brother (man speaking), father's brothera?? (woman speaking), mother's brother (man speaking), and mother's brother (woman speaking) (Murdock's N) 30 NA NA v332. Kinship terms for aunts Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=149; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 56 1 Simple bifurcate collateral pattern: two special terms, distinguished by the sex of the connecting relative, can be glossed as paternal aunt and maternal aunt 24 2 Bifurcate merging pattern: a single term can be glossed as father's sister, maternal aunts being terminologically equated with mother 26 3 Lineal pattern: a special single term can be glossed as a?oaunt, applying to both the father's and the mother's sisters and distinguishing them from the mother 1 4 Generation pattern: special terms are lacking for both maternal and paternal aunts, who are terminologically equated with mother 33 5 Skewed bifurcate collateral pattern: three special terms distinguished by the sex (mother or father) of the connecting person and also by age relative to that person, can be glossed as, in the case of maternal, aunts, mother's elder sister. mother's younger sister, and father's sister 6 6 Age-differentiated bifurcate collateral pattern: four terms, distinguished by both relative age and the sex of the connecting person can be glossed as father's elder sister, father's younger sister, mother's elder sister, and mother's younger sister (Murdock's L) 1 7 Speaker-differentiated bifurcate collateral pattern: three special terms, differentiated by the sex of the connecting relative and for paternal aunts also by the sex of the speaker, can be glossed as father's sister (man speaking), father's sister (woman speaking), and mother's sister (Murdock's M) 1 8 Speaker-differentiated bifurcate merging pattern: (unique to Sia Pueblo) 1 10 Rare pattern similar to the age-differentiated bifurcate collateral pattern : FaElSi, MoElSi, and FaYoSi are distinguished, but MoYoSi is not (Murdock's U) 23 NA NA v333. Kinship terms for siblings Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=134; Number of unique values=17 Freq Value Description 71 1 Dravidian pattern: four terms, distinguished by both sex and relative age of the sibling, can be glossed as elder brother, younger brother. and elder sister, younger sister (Murdock's A) 20 2 Yoruban pattern: two terms, distinguished by age of sibling, can be glossed as elder sibling, and younger sibling (Murdock's C) 10 3 Algonkian pattern: three terms, distinguished by relative age of sibling and, for elder siblings, also by sex, can be glossed as elder brother, elder sister, and younger sibling (Murdock's D) 1 4 Kordofanian pattern: a single undifferentiated term can be glossed as sibling (Murdock's E) 2 5 Southern Bantu pattern: three terms, distinguished by distinguished by sex and, for siblings of the speaker's sex, also by relative age to the speaker, can be glossed as elder sibling of the speaker's sex, younger sibling of the speaker's sex, and sibling of the opposite sex (Murdock's F) 4 6 East Polynesian pattern: four terms, distinguished by sex and, for siblings of the speaker's sex, also by relative age to the speaker, can be glossed as elder sibling of the speaker's sex, younger sibling of the speaker's sex, brother (woman speaking), and sister (man speaking) (Murdock's G) 4 7 Quechuuan pattern: four terms, distinguished by both sex of sibling and sex of speaker can be glossed as brother (man speaking), brother (woman speaking), sister (man speaking), and sister (woman speaking) (Murdock's H) 3 8 Siouan pattern: any pattern with extensive differentiation by sex of sibling, sex of speaker, and age relative to the speaker, which results in a total of seven or eight distinct terms for siblings (Murdock's L) 2 10 Caddoan pattern: six terms, distinguished by sex of sibling, sex of speaker and, for siblings of the speaker's sex, also by age relative to the speaker, can be glossed as elder brother (man speaking), younger brother (man speaking), brother (woman speaking), sister (woman speaking), elder sister (woman speaking), and younger sister (woman speaking) (Murdock's M) 1 13 Voltaic pattern: three terms, distinguished by sex of sibling and, for brothers, also by age relative to the speaker, can be glossed as elder brother , younger brother, and sister (Murdock's P) 5 14 Yukian pattern: three terms, distinguished by relative age and, for younger siblings, also by sex, can be glossed as elder sibling , younger brother, and younger sister (Murdock's Q) 2 17 Rare pattern: distinguished ElBr (man speaking), ElBr (woman speaking) YoBr, YoSi (woman speaking), ElSi (woman speaking), and Si (man speaking) (Murdock's W, appears as Age-Difference in Map Cu-158) 3 18 Rare pattern: three terms can be glossed elder sister, younger sister, and brother (Extrapolated from E. B. Gifford 1922, p 18, appears as Age-sex differences in Map Cu-158) 3 19 European pattern: two terms, distinguished by sex, can be glossed as brother, and sister (Murdock's B) 1 20 Four terms: older sibling, younger sibling, brother, and sister (appears as Four terms in Map Cu-158) 1 21 Three terms: brother (man speaking), sister (woman speaking), and a third term meaning brother (woman speaking), or sister (man speaking) (appears as Three terms in Map Cu-158) 1 22 Older sibling, younger sibling, sister (man speaking), older sister (man speaking) (appears as Age-Diff Three terms in Map Cu-158) 38 NA NA v334. Kinship terms for cross-cousins and parallel cousins Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=156; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 80 1 Hawaiian pattern: siblings, cross- and parallel cousins are called by the same term: Xc = ||c = sib 43 2 Iroquois pattern: one or more special terms for first cross-cousins differ from those for siblings, parallel cousins, and avuncular and nepotic relatives: sib = ||c =/ Xc 10 3 Eskimo pattern: one or more special terms for first cross-cousins differ from those for siblings, but do not distinguish cross from parallel cousins: Xc = ||c =/ sib 13 4 Omaha pattern: the children of a mother's brother and of a father's sister (cross-cousins) are terminologically distinguished from siblings, parallel cousins, and each other but are not designated by special terms. Instead, a mother's brother's children are terminologically equated with relatives of an ascending generation, normally with the mother and her brother, and a father's sister's children are equated with relatives of an descending generation, normally with a man's sister's children and his own children 10 5 Crow pattern: the mirror image of the Omaha pattern, with mother's brother children terminologically equated with relatives of an descending generation, normally with a man's own children and a woman's brother's children, while a father's sister's children are equated with ascending generation, normally with father and father's sister 16 NA NA v335. Type and complexity of political leadership in the focal local community Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 17 1 The focal or typical community lacks centralized leadership, political authority being dispersed among its component households or other segments, which remain essentially autonomous 49 2 The community has a single leader or headman but lacks other political offices other than, at most, an informal council of elders 80 3 The community has a single leader or headman with one or more functional assistants and/or a formal council or assembly, but lacks an elaborate or hierarchical political organization 4 4 The community has a single leader or headman plus an elaborate or hierarchical system of subordinate political statuses 8 6 The local political organization is theocratic, authority being vested not in secular officials but in a priesthood, a secret society, or other religious functionaries 2 7 The community has a dual system of leadership combining secular and religious offices of comparable influence and authority, e.g., headman and shaman or priest, council and secret society. (Not applicable unless the religious functionaries exercise important judicial or other political functions as well as strictly religious ones) 5 8 The community has dual or plural headmen with distinct but coordinate authority and one or more functional assistants, etc., but lacks a complex system of subordinate political statuses 6 10 Two sets of village chiefs with elaborate hierarchy of political status, etc., divided jurisdiction by season 1 NA NA v336. Mode of succession to political leadership within the focal or typical local community Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=165; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 8 1 No political authorities and no succession to the job 11 2 Succession to the office of headman, if such or an approximate equivalent exists, is through appointment (not merely acquiescence) by some higher political authority 46 3 Succession is not appointive or hereditary but is achieved (by means of informal consensus or election) primarily through the acquisition of person influence, leadership qualities, prestige, or wealth 23 5 Succession tends to be hereditary by a son or other patri-kinsmen of the preceding headman 36 6 Succession tends to be hereditary by a sister's son or other matri-kinsmen of the predecessor 2 7 Succession tends to be hereditary, not by a particular category of kinsmen but by a member of a privileged group selected for his personal qualifications by some electoral or appointive procedure 3 8 Item 6 ideally, actually tempered by 3 (qualities of personal influence, leadership qualities, prestige, or wealth) 8 10 Item 7 ideally, actually tempered by 3 (qualities of personal influence, prestige, or wealth) or by recognition of leadership qualities as determined through either informal consensus or formal elections 8 11 Succession based on divination, dreams, or the like 20 13 Informally acknowledged by dream power and general qualities of leadership with tendency toward patrilineal heredity 7 NA NA v337. Government and territory Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 73 1 Local society (or focal community) has no territorial organization larger than the residential kin group. True political organization is lacking 90 2 Local society is composed of several residential kin groups which are formally united into villages or bands.(Krober's and Driver's triblet ). There is no organization larger than the village or band, which can be a seasonal (e.g., winter village or summer band) co-residence group rather than a year-round co-residence group 8 3 Local society is composed of several residential kin groups which are formally united into villages or bands, and this political unit is further combined with others to form a tribe (several bands or several villages, the latter often being referred to as districts ). These larger units may or may not convene in toto 1 NA NA v338. Political organization and common defense Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 89 1 No organization beyond the residential kin group joins together in common defense during warfare or raids 76 2 No organization beyond the local society--village or band, whether predominantly kin or nonkin--joins together in common defense during warfare and raids; yet extralocal groups do not customarily join together in common defense 6 3 Local and extralocal organization (tribe or district of villages) commonly and customarily join together for common defense against warfare and raids 1 NA NA v339. Political organization and the distribution of food in times of scarcity Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=164; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 127 1 No organization beyond the residential kin group joins together to distribute food in times of scarcity 37 2 No organization beyond the local society--village or band--joins together to distribute food in times of scarcity (rating is applied also to villages wherein village chief had storehouse and duty to feed needy, if formal village chief was present) 8 NA NA v340. Political organization and the allocation of access to important means for producing sustenance Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 152 1 No organization beyond the residential kin group joins together to allow access to important subsistence resources 16 2 No organization beyond the village or band which joins together to allow access to important subsistence resources 1 3 Extralocal tribe or district organization commonly and customarily join together to allow access to the important subsistence resources 3 NA NA v341. Political organization and the allocation of civic duties such as labor or military conscription Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=167; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 76 1 No political organization 42 2 No political organization is invoked to allocate civic duties 48 3 The village or band organization is invoked to allocate civic duties 1 4 The tribe or district organization is invoked to allocate civic duties 5 NA NA v342. Political organization and the formation of alliances with other groups (extralocal communities) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=167; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 68 1 No alliances are formed with other groups 45 2 Residential kin group form alliances with other groups from time to time 50 3 Village or band organization is invoked to form alliances with other groups 4 4 Tribe or district organization is invoked to form alliances with other groups 5 NA NA v343. Political organization and the punishment of crimes Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 25 1 No political organization or third-party arbitration between litigants 91 2 No political organization, but mediation or arbitration between litigants by third party occurs 44 3 Village or band organization is invoked to punish crimes 1 4 Tribe or district organization is invoked to punish crimes 11 NA NA v344. Nature of tribal sodalities Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 134 1 No tribal sodality 16 2 A tribal sodality that includes all mature males in the society. It excludes all others from membership 4 4 Both male and female tribal sodalities, one for each sex 6 5 A single tribal sodality that is composed of all the mature males and females in the society 6 6 A single tribal sodality that is composed of all the mature males and females in the society, but there are several different chapters of the sodality in the local community (e.g., Western Pueblo Kachina cults) 6 7 A tribal sodality that includes all mature males in the society, but there are several different chapters of the sodality in the local community v345. Restricted sodalities Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 118 1 No restricted sodalities 11 2 Restricted sodality or sodalities for men only 24 4 Restricted sodality or sodalities for a select(sometimes self-selected) number of men and women 1 5 2 and 3 8 6 2 and 4 10 7 2, 3, and 4 v346. Sex-dominance of restricted sodalities Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 118 1 No restricted sodalities 28 2 No dominance in numbers of sodalities or functions of sodalities by male groups over female groups 26 3 Male sodalities outnumber and were more important in function than female sodalities v347. Functions of restricted sodalities Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 118 1 No restricted sodalities 22 2 Performed religious rituals (including rituals for fertility, weather control, etc.), dances, songs, etc. 2 3 Performed health and curing ceremonies 12 5 Both 2 and 3 1 6 Both 2 and 4 5 8 All 2, 3, and 4 12 10 Performed economic services, e.g., hunting for larger society, in addition to 2, 3, and 4 v348. Restricted sodality: Participants and spectators Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 118 1 No restricted sodalities 2 2 Sodality members performed all sodality functions in secret--not for public 31 3 Sodality members performed all sodality functions (except initiations) in public 20 4 Some restricted sodality functions were performed in secret; some were partly public 1 NA NA v349. Objects of restricted sodality functions Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 118 1 No restricted sodalities 26 2 Restricted sodalities perform for the benefit of members only (e.g., personal dances, spirit seekings health improvement, and the like) 5 3 Restricted sodalities perform for the benefit of nonmembers in the society at large (e.g., to cure nonmembers, to insure good crops or rain, to entertain with fine dances, and so forth) 8 4 Restricted sodalities perform at times for the benefit of members and at times for the benefit of nonmembers 14 5 The society has some restricted sodalities that are wholly for the benefit of members, and some that are for the benefit of members and nonmembers 1 NA NA v350. Clubs and age-classes Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 166 1 No clubs and age-classes 3 2 Club(s) are present but are not divided into age-classes members only (e.g., personal dances, spirit seekings, health improvement, and the like) 3 3 Club(s) are divided into age-classes v351. Club and age-class membership Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 166 1 No clubs 1 3 Members are women only 2 4 Members are men or women 3 5 Some for men only, some for women only v352. Duels between members of the same society Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=70; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 45 1 No duels between members of the same community 16 2 Duels between members of the same community, but never or rarely between kin 9 3 Duels between members of the same village, band, district, or tribe, both between kin and nonkin 102 NA NA v353. Feuds within the local community or extralocal organization Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 19 1 No feuding 2 2 Feuding is confined to kinship groups in the local community only 31 3 Feuding is confined to kinship groups in either the local community or the extralocal organization (tribe or district) only 75 4 Feuding occurs only among kinship groups in the local community and the extralocal organization, and between kinship groups which do not belong to the same local or extralocal organizations 8 5 Feuding occurs among extralocal groups only 37 NA NA v354. Raids motivated by desire for economic booty such as hides, pottery, food, etc. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=151; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 9 1 No raids conducted 71 2 Raids, but not for booty 71 3 Raids conducted for booty 21 NA NA v355. Raids motivated by desire for women (wife-stealing) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 9 1 No raids conducted 60 2 Raids, but not for women 93 3 Raids conducted for women 10 NA NA v356. Raids motivated by desire for slaves (separate from wife-stealing) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=168; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 9 1 No raids conducted 114 2 Raids, but not for booty 45 3 Raids conducted for booty 4 NA NA v357. Raids motivated by desire for prestige Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=164; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 9 1 No raids conducted 101 2 Raids, but not for prestige 54 3 Raids conducted for prestige 8 NA NA v358. Raids motivated by desire to fulfill visions or dream instructions Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=115; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 9 1 No raids conducted 92 2 Raids, but not to fulfill visions or dream instructions 14 3 Raids to fulfill visions or dream instructions 57 NA NA v359. Raids motivated by desire to avenge the death of a warrior Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=167; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 9 1 No raids conducted 2 2 Raids, but not to avenge a death 156 3 Raids to avenge the death of a warrior 5 NA NA v360. Raids motivated by the desire to avenge poaching Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=144; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 9 1 No raids conducted 48 2 Raids, but not to avenge poaching 87 3 Raids to avenge poaching 28 NA NA v361. Incidence of raiding Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=157; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 63 1 Offensive raids are either rare or never occur (0-1 per year) 50 2 Offensive raids are moderate (2-4 per year) 44 3 Offensive raids are frequent (>4 per hear) 15 NA NA v362. Incidence of defense against raiding Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=156; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 26 1 Rarely or never raided by another group 77 2 Raided moderately (2-4 per year) 53 3 Raided frequently (>4 per hear) 16 NA NA v363. Presence of buffer zones Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=167; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 138 1 No buffer zones present or mentioned in the literature 6 2 A buffer zone is recognized with another society (a different band or village if no tribal organization, a different tribe or district if tribal organization) 23 3 Buffer zones are recognized with more than one society (different bands or villages if no tribal or district organization, different tribes or districts if tribal organization) 5 NA NA v364. Incidence of warfare Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 168 1 Warfare not present 1 2 Warfare very rarely engaged in, but if so it was primarily restricted to one part of the year 2 3 Warfare very rarely engaged in, but it occurred at any time during the year 1 NA NA v365. Motives for engaging in warfare Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 169 1 No warfare 2 12 Some combination of all items 2 through 8 1 NA NA v366. Permanent military organizations Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 154 1 No permanent military organizations 17 2 One permanent military organization 1 NA NA v367. Special fighting regalia Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=167; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 28 1 No special fighting regalia 32 2 Special weapons 11 3 Special armament 96 6 Some combination of 2, 3, 4, 5 5 NA NA v368. Public ceremonies associated with warfare or raids Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=157; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 31 1 No public ceremonies associated with warfare or raids 7 2 Public ceremonies associated with preparation for conflicts only 49 3 Public ceremonies associated with postconflict period only 70 4 Public ceremonies performed both before and after conflict 15 NA NA v369. Major public ceremonies performed for people other than members of religious sodalities and the like Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 4 1 No major public ceremonies are performed 28 2 One major public ceremony is performed in the cultural repertoire, but not on a regular, annual basis 35 3 More than one major public ceremony is performed, but not necessarily on an annual basis 13 4 More than one major public ceremony is performed on a regular, at least annual basis 91 5 More than one major public ceremony is performed each year 1 NA NA v370. Attendance at largest public ceremony Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 5 1 No public ceremony 16 2 Where residential kin group is the largest sovereign group, ceremonies are performed for self and other kin groups from local area only 51 3 Where residential kin group is the largest sovereign group, ceremonies are performed not only for self and other kin groups from local area, but for people from distant areas as well--perhaps people of different dialects, languages, etc. 3 4 Where band or village is the largest sovereign group, ceremonies are performed for that group only 81 5 Where band or village is the largest sovereign group, ceremonies are performed for that group as well as for people from distant (other) groups 2 6 Where tribe or district is the largest sovereign group, ceremonies are performed for that group only 11 7 Where tribe or district is the largest sovereign group, ceremonies are performed for that group as well as for people from different (other) groups 3 NA NA v371. Dominant sacred or profane nature of major public ceremonies Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 4 1 No public ceremony 66 2 Major public ceremony(s) predominantly sacred 23 3 Major public ceremony(s) predominantly profane 77 4 Major public ceremony(s) both sacred and profane 2 NA NA v372. Reasons for performing public ceremonies of all kinds (according to the sponsors) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=168; Number of unique values=13 Freq Value Description 4 1 No public ceremonies 11 2 Public ceremonies for success at farming, fishing, hunting, or gathering (this includes replenishment of subsistence resources) 23 3 Public ceremonies for the health and well-being of the community (this includes avenging a death) 2 4 Public ceremonies to substantiate a claim to a new status, or to gain prestige, or both 9 6 2 and 3 only 7 7 2 and 4 only 2 8 2 and 5 only 11 11 3 and 5 only 7 12 2, 3, and 4 only 63 13 2, 3, and 5 only 21 14 2, 4, and 5 only 2 15 3, 4, and 5 only 6 16 2, 3, 4, and 5 4 NA NA v373. Gift-giving at public ceremonies Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=167; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 6 1 No public ceremonies 53 2 No gifts are exchanged at public ceremonies 6 3 Male-female pairs exchange gifts at some ceremonials. Most ceremonies have no gift exchange 22 4 Gifts are exchanged at public ceremonies 7 5 Gifts are pooled at ceremonies by everyone who attends--locals or not--then distributed to all who attend or participate, including the local hosts 71 6 Gifts are given by hosts (sponsors) to those in attendance. There is no immediate exchange 2 7 Gifts are exchanged at some ceremonies, given from hosts to guests at some ceremonies, and given from guests to hosts at some ceremonies 5 NA NA v374. Quality or amount of gifts given at public ceremony if gifts are given by hosts to guests Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=159; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 55 1 No gifts 48 2 All guests receive, in theory, equal gifts 27 3 Guests receive more or better gifts depending on their rank 4 7 Both 3 and 5 8 8 Guests (or reciprocants) receive gifts consonant with their contribution to the ceremony--material or spiritual 11 10 Both 2 and 8 2 11 Both 8 and 4 3 12 Guests receive whatever they request 1 13 Gifts to children only 13 NA NA v375. Sponsorship and performance of all public ceremonies Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique values=12 Freq Value Description 4 1 No public ceremonies 15 2 Public ceremonies sponsored and performed by kinship groups only 6 4 Public ceremonies sponsored and performed under the leadership of political (or theocratic) authorities--anyone in band, village, tribe, or district can be called into service in the conduct of the ceremony 33 5 Society has several public ceremonies, some are 2, some 3, and some are both 2 and 3 16 6 Society has several public ceremonies, some are 2, and some 4 11 7 Society has several public ceremonies, some are 3, and some 4 12 8 Society has several public ceremonies, some are 2, some3, and some 4 35 10 Public ceremonies not sponsored in the formal sense, though directed by a ritualist or shaman with the economic help of the community (nominal sponsorship of chief or headman) 9 11 Society has several public ceremonies, some are 3, some 4, and some are both 3 and 4 2 12 Public ceremonies sponsored and performed by moieties under the leadership of moiety chiefs 20 13 Society has several ceremonies, some are sponsored and performed by kinship groups (2), and some are sponsored nominally by shamans (or spiritual leaders) 6 14 The formal sponsor is any individual, the actual sponsor is a shaman, and the entire community contributes to ceremony; also, kinship groups (2) sponsor and perform such ceremonies as marrying and naming feasts 3 NA NA v376. Private ceremonies performed by restricted sodalities or the like Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 86 1 No private ceremonies 20 2 Private ceremonies restricted to local members of a select organization 52 3 Private ceremonies restricted to members of select organization and their counterparts in other communities 13 4 Some private ceremonies restricted to local members (2), and some include counterparts in other communities (3) 1 NA NA v377. Parturition seclusion Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 1 1 Outdoors, no structure of any kind 57 2 In entire house, men leave 8 3 In a screened off part of house 70 4 In a special hut or enclosure 3 5 Outdoors or in a house vacated by men 4 6 In hut or in screened off part of house 20 7 In entire house, men do not leave 6 8 Outdoors in pit 3 NA NA v378. Parturition position, A Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 93 1 No special position 47 2 Kneeling 16 3 Squatting 3 4 Standing or stooping 2 5 Both kneeling and squatting 11 NA NA v379. Parturition position, B Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 56 1 No special position 58 2 Sitting 41 3 Lying on back or reclining backwards 6 4 Both sitting and lying on back or reclining backwards 11 NA NA v380. Twins Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=158; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 51 1 No special attitude or ambivalent attitude toward twins reported 62 2 Feared or not wanted or one killed 45 3 Esteemed or desired 14 NA NA v381. Most frequent ritual number associated with birth Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=163; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 11 1 3, 6, or 9 76 2 4, 8, or 12 61 3 5, 10, or 15 15 4 7 or some number other than a multiple of 3, 4, or 5 9 NA NA v382. Cradles, A Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 24 1 None 33 2 Flat board(s) 79 3 Flat, but made of rods, slats, or basketry materials woven together 28 4 Upright type of basketry cradle 2 5 Both flat board(s) and flat woven types 4 6 Upright type and flat type basketry cradles 1 7 Flat board and sitting basket 1 NA NA v383. Cradles, B Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 141 1 None 11 2 Wood container, dugout, or sewn box 7 3 Bark 11 4 Hollowed boards--neither flat nor dugout 1 5 Deep trough frame covered with buckskin 1 NA NA v384. Names bestowed on individuals: nicknames or common names of address, plus special names bestowed on individuals Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=164; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 11 1 No nicknames or common names of address 31 2 Nicknames or common names of address only 72 3 Nicknames or common names of address, plus special names with ritual significance or incorporeal property significance 32 4 Nicknames plus special names that were not regarded as having incorporeal property significance 14 5 Special names treated as being ritually significant or as having incorporeal property significance; very few nicknames 4 6 Special sib names for women, plus 4 for men 8 NA NA v385. Time of bestowal of name(s) on a person Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique values=13 Freq Value Description 1 1 Name is bestowed on infant before birth 33 2 Name is bestowed shortly after birth (a few days) 42 3 Name is bestowed during infancy (up to about 2 years) 11 4 Name is bestowed sometime during late childhood or puberty 2 6 2 and 3 8 7 2 and 4 15 8 2 and 5 6 10 3 and 4 6 11 3 and 5 5 12 4 and 5 13 13 2, 4, and 5 11 14 3, 4, and 5 9 15 2, 3, 4, and 5 10 NA NA v386. By whom the most important name of a person is bestowed Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=167; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 2 1 No name is considered important 37 2 Most important name is not necessarily bestowed by any relative 19 3 Most important name is not necessarily bestowed by any particular kinsmen or affine, but can be achieved by a person for himself (herself) through great deeds-- economic (potlatch, for example), warfare, religious, spirit quest, and so on 10 4 Most important name is bestowed by parents 16 5 Most important name is bestowed by maternal relatives 36 6 Most important name is bestowed by paternal relatives 17 7 Most important name is bestowed by paternal or maternal relatives, but also must be achieved through great deeds--economic, warfare, religious, spirit quest, etc. 30 8 Most important name is from maternal or paternal relatives, achievement not critical 5 NA NA v387. Feast or public ceremony at most important naming event Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=155; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 90 1 No feast or public ceremony 3 2 Public ceremony, but no feast or giving of gifts 13 3 Public ceremony accompanied by feast but no giving of gifts 2 4 Public ceremony accompanied by giving of gifts but no feast 47 5 Public ceremony accompanied by both giving of gifts and feasting 17 NA NA v388. Private ceremony accompanying the most important naming event Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=139; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 101 1 No private ceremony 1 2 Private ceremony in which kin offer gifts to person named only 6 3 Private ceremony in which gifts are given to those in attendance by the parents or grandparents of the person named only 4 4 Private ceremony in which gifts are exchanged between nuclear family of the named and those in attendance 11 5 Private ceremony with feast, but no gifts 5 6 Private ceremony where gift is given to the namer(s) only 11 7 Private ceremony where namer gives gift to child, child's parents might defer reciprocation or return a gift immediately 33 NA NA v389. Girls' puberty rites or female initiations near puberty: Place of seclusion, A Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 33 1 None 68 2 In dwelling 68 3 In separate hut 3 NA NA v390. Girls' puberty rites or female initiations near puberty: Place of seclusion, B Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 41 1 None 3 2 In permanent ceremonial structure 121 3 In ceremonial enclosure 6 4 Outdoors, no structure or enclosure 1 NA NA v391. Most frequent ritual number associated with girls' puberty rites Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=168; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 10 1 No rites 18 2 3 or 6 73 3 4, 8, or 16 62 4 5 or 10 5 5 7 or a multiple of some number other than 3, 4, or 5 4 NA NA v392. Girls' puberty rites or female initiations near puberty: Running Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=158; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 97 1 No running 45 2 Running daily 16 3 Running once or twice 14 NA NA v393. Girls' puberty rites or female initiations near puberty: Drink taboos Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 34 1 None 90 2 Cold water taboo 30 3 Must drink through tube 3 4 Cold water taboo and must drink through tube 3 5 Stale water taboo 12 NA NA v394. Girls' puberty rites or female initiations near puberty: Food taboos Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=165; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 17 1 None 63 2 Fresh food taboo 2 3 Hot food taboo 5 4 Salt taboo 1 5 Stale food taboo 26 6 Both hot food and fresh food taboo 6 7 Both hot food and salt taboo 37 8 Fresh food (meat) and salt taboo 8 10 Fresh food, hot food, and salt taboo 7 NA NA v395. Girls' puberty rites or female initiations near puberty: Posture in seclusion Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=159; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 47 1 No special posture 33 2 Sitting or squatting 40 3 Lying on or near heated spot 32 4 Lying on unheated spot 7 5 Sitting and reclining (sometimes day/night differences) 13 NA NA v396. Girls' puberty rites or female initiations near puberty: Bathing Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=155; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 21 1 No bathing 56 2 Outdoors in cold water 66 3 Indoors with sponge bath and/or warm water 12 4 Both outdoors in cold water and indoors with sponge bath and/or warm water 17 NA NA v397. Girls' puberty rites or female initiations near puberty: Dancing at public ceremony Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 76 1 No public ceremony 45 2 Girl does not dance at public ceremony 48 3 Girl dances at public ceremony 3 NA NA v398. Girls' puberty rites or female initiations near puberty: Repetition of public ceremony Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=168; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 76 1 No public ceremony 66 2 Not repeated, given only once 26 3 Repeated 4 NA NA v399. Girls' puberty rites or female initiations near puberty: Private ceremony Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=158; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 124 1 No private ceremony 11 2 Private ceremony for pubescent girl and a few close female friends and/or relations, usually from within the community 10 3 Private ceremony for pubescent girl and some near kin and/or friends, both sexes, usually aged, usually from within the community 1 5 Same as 3, yet extralocal invitees 11 6 Private ceremony for girl and proctor only 1 7 Private ceremony for kin and friends, as at 3; girl and others dance; ceremony is repeated 14 NA NA v400. Dominant containers for corpse or cremation remains Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 31 1 None 73 2 Only blanket, hide, or mat around corpse 2 3 Basket 31 4 Pot, or basket, or pit for remains of cremation 32 5 Small shed houses, canoes, or boxes 3 NA NA v401. Dominant forms of corpse disposal Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 60 1 Inhumation 48 2 On surface, or on slightly raised platform, or in rock crevice, rock shelter, or cave 8 3 In tree or on high scaffold, or top of totem pole 54 4 Cremation 1 5 Tree or scaffold, followed by inhumation 1 6 Inhumation and cremation v402. Burial position of corpse Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 106 1 Extended 49 2 Flexed 7 3 Either extended or flexed 10 NA NA v403. Removal of dying person or corpse from house Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 4 1 No removal of dying person or corpse from house 51 2 Through wall of house 102 3 Through door of house 4 4 Through wall or door 11 NA NA v404. Relation of death to house Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=168; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 2 1 Dying person abandoned in house 3 2 Dying person removed from house before death 113 3 Corpse removed from house after death 11 4 Remove before death if possible, otherwise immediately after death 35 5 Removed immediately upon death 4 6 If person dies in house, house and corpse are burned 4 NA NA v405. Treatment of dominant house type after death Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 3 1 No special treatment 72 2 Destroyed, burned, or abandoned permanently 7 3 Torn down and moved 64 4 Exorcised and/or abandoned only temporarily 1 5 Either 2 or 3 12 6 Either 2 or 4 10 8 Items 2 and 3 and 4 3 NA NA v406. Sacrifice at death Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=143; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 77 1 None 43 2 Dogs and/or other (pre-European) domesticated animals killed (or freed or given away) 19 3 Slaves or captives killed (or freed, if this is prestigious) 4 4 Dogs killed or given away, and slaves killed or freed 29 NA NA v407. Periodic mourning ceremony, distinct from funeral, at later date Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 83 1 None 38 2 Only for chief or prominent man (includes memorial potlatch) 31 3 For all dead of the entire community 9 4 Each deceased person has one mourning ceremony distinct from funeral 8 5 Both tribal mourning for all deceased, and one or more special mournings for each deceased person 3 NA NA v408. Spirit quest by individual males: not associated with sodality initiations or group rites Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 58 1 No quest by males 56 2 Minority of males 2 3 About half of males 13 4 Majority of males 42 5 All males 1 NA NA v409. Spirit quest by individual females: not associated with sodality initiations or group rites Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 68 1 No quest by females 56 2 Minority of females 4 3 About half of females 9 4 Majority of females 32 5 All females 3 NA NA v410. Age of first spirit quest made by males Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 53 1 No quest by males 28 2 1-10 years of age 79 3 11-20 years of age 9 4 Over 20 years of age 3 NA NA v411. Datura (Jimsonweed) taken by novices seeking spirit helpers or dreams Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 139 1 Absent 31 2 Present 2 NA NA v412. Spirit quest or confirmations in sodality initiations or other group rites involving persons other than the novice Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 92 1 No group rite 12 2 A group rite for one novice 67 3 A group rite for more than one novice 1 NA NA v413. Differences between shamans' and laymen's spirit quests Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 40 1 No specific spirit quest for shaman or layman 3 2 Spirit quest for laymen only 4 3 No spirit quest for layman, but quest by shaman 18 4 Spirit quests for shaman and layman are identical 8 5 Most spirits come unsought, but shamans and laymen can seek spirits or dreams in the same fashion (especially by drinking a concoction made from Jimson weed) 16 6 Spirit quests for shaman and layman are rather similar, though duration of shaman's quest is somewhat longer, and has some more specialized activities that that of layman 30 7 Spirit quests for shaman and layman are dissimilar. Specialized spirits are sought by shaman and inheritance or sponsorship is often necessary to acquire these spirits 39 8 Power comes to the shaman sought or unsought; shaman must also train with another shaman; power does not come to the layman unsought. Some laymen seek special hunting abilities or the like 13 10 Power comes through purchase and training with shaman (or medium societies); initiation to shaman or curing society is usually required as well. (Purchase is made with gifts or feasts. Moreover, sick often pledge themselves to society or cause if they are cured) 1 11 Power comes through sickness and cure, plus apprenticeship to shaman who cures the person v414. Differences between shamans' and laymen's spirit and power possession Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 59 1 Only shamans, priests, ritualists, and the like receive power 37 2 Shamans possess greater power than laymen, but not a greater number of different kinds of spirits than laymen 8 3 Shaman possess greater general power than laymen, usually because he acquires a greater number of spirits, but not because the spirits have specific functions 57 4 Shamans possess greater power as well as more specific spirits than laymen over specific functions, such as spirits to cure specific maladies 10 5 Shamans possess different powers than laymen, but not necessarily greater power in anything but their specialties. Shamans, for instance, cure the sick, but do not have the supernatural powers of some ritualists over other functions 1 NA NA v415. Sex of shamans Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 16 1 All males 96 2 Majority males, minority females 45 3 Proportion of sexes about equal 14 4 Majority females, minority males 1 NA NA v416. Spirit impersonation with mask or disguise Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=168; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 89 1 Absent 79 2 Present 4 NA NA v417. Snake-handling by shamans Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=154; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 98 1 Absent 56 2 Present 18 NA NA v418. Possessional shamanism (including trances) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=165; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 60 1 Absent 105 2 Present 7 NA NA v419. Shamans' reputations for miraculous powers for curing, controlling weather, etc. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 1 1 No differences among shamans 150 2 Some shamans reported to have greater power than others 10 3 Medicine societies reported to have greater power in concert than any particular shaman (Whole medicine society called upon to work for cure if shaman fails) 11 NA NA v420. Local and extralocal requests for shamans' services Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=159; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 39 2 Shamans' services (or some shamans' services) requested in communities other than their home communities, but within their own dialect or language group 120 3 Shamans' services (or some shamans' services) requested in home community, in other communities within same language, and other language-speaking communities on occasion 13 NA NA v421. Illness caused by foreign intrusion Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=165; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 4 1 Caused by neither foreign object nor foreign spirit 37 2 Foreign object 6 3 Foreign spirit 118 4 Both foreign object and foreign spirit 7 NA NA v422. Illness caused by loss of spiritual entity Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 35 1 Not caused by loss of spiritual entity 92 2 Soul loss 6 3 Loss of spirit helper 27 4 Both soul loss and loss of spirit helper 12 NA NA v423. Actions which cause soul-loss Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=150; Number of unique values=13 Freq Value Description 41 1 No soul-loss 11 2 Loss by wandering of soul, usually on own volition 6 3 Loss by fright 14 4 Loss by theft, usually by a ghost or some other supernatural agent (not a sorcerer, or witch, or bad medicine man) 1 5 Loss by violation of an interdiction 3 6 2 and 3 10 7 2 and 4 5 8 2 and 5 21 10 3 and 4 1 11 4 and 5 14 12 2, 3, and 4 11 13 3, 4, and 5 12 14 2, 3, 4, and 5 22 NA NA v424. Causes of foreign spirit or object intrusion Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=168; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 5 1 No foreign intrusions 2 2 Intrusions caused by supernatural sources only, no human agents involved 15 3 Intrusions caused by bad shamans, sorcerers, etc. 146 4 Intrusions caused both by supernatural agents and sorcerers, etc. 4 NA NA v425. Agents who cause soul- or spirit-loss Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=144; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 42 1 No soul-loss 37 2 No human agents cause soul-loss 65 3 Souls stolen by shamans, or sorcerers, or witches 28 NA NA v426. White imitative magic used to bring good health, or kill animals, or insure good crops, or the like Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=145; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 71 1 No white imitative magic 74 2 White imitative magic, such as shooting with arrows or poison darts. wooing through entreating, coaxing, or gesturing, or stabbing an animal effigy, or simulating crop growth, and so forth, is practiced 27 NA NA v427. Black imitative magic used to harm humans Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=122; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 71 1 No black imitative magic 51 2 Black imitative magic used to harm humans 50 NA NA v428. Performers of imitative magic Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=147; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 69 1 No one performs imitative magic 25 2 Anyone could perform imitative magic 53 3 Only specially qualified people such as shamans or evil shamans (witches, sorcerers) could perform imitative magic 25 NA NA v429. White contagious or formulaic magic for good purposes Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=167; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 1 1 No white contagious or formulaic magic 166 2 White contagious or formulaic magic used for good purposes 5 NA NA v430. Black contagious or formulaic magic used to harm humans Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=168; Number of unique values=1 Freq Value Description 168 2 Black contagious or formulaic magic used to harm humans 4 NA NA v431. Performers of contagious or formulaic magic Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=164; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 42 2 Anyone could perform contagious or formulaic magic 122 3 Only specially qualified people such as shamans or evil shamans (sorcerers) could perform contagious or formulaic magic 8 NA NA v432. Charms or magic to make persons reckless in gambling, or to make person successful in gambling Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=123; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 9 1 No gambling magic techniques or charms 50 2 Gambling magic techniques but not charms 4 3 Gambling charms but not magic techniques 60 4 Both gambling magic techniques and charms 49 NA NA v433. Charms or magical techniques to make persons receptive to love Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 2 1 No love magic techniques or charms 33 2 Love magic techniques but not charms 4 3 Love charms but not magic techniques 66 4 Both love magic techniques and charms 67 NA NA v434. In-law avoidance Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=68; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 19 0 Mo-in-law so-in-law 26 4 Cross sex: 1 and 2 3 5 Son-in-law: 1 and 3 2 6 1, 2, and 3 3 7 1, 2, and 4 15 8 Cross and same sex: 1, 2, 3, and 4 104 NA NA v435. Kinship terms for nieces-nephews (male speaking) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=128; Number of unique values=15 Freq Value Description 6 0 Simple bifurcate merging SiCh BrCh=Ch 1 1 Sex-Differentiated bifurcate merging SiSo SiDa BrCh=SoDa 22 2 Simple bifurcate collateral BrCh SiCh 26 3 Simple lineal SiblingChild 24 4 Generational SibCh=Ch 13 5 Sex-Differentiated lineal nephew niece 7 6 Sex-Differentiated bifurcate collateral BrSo (m) BrDa (m) SiSo (m) SiDa (m) 7 7 Age-Skew bifurcate collateral ElBrCh YnBrCh SiCh 10 8 Age-Differentiated bifurcate collateral ElBrCh YnBrCh ElSiCh YnSiCh 4 9 Sister-Skewed bifurcate collateral BrCh SiSo SiDa 1 10 Brother-Skewed bifurcate collateral BrSo BrDa SiCh 2 11 Rare: Relative age ElSbCh YnSbCh 3 15 Rare: Relative age-sex1 ElBrSo YnBrSo ElBrDa YnBrDa SiCh 1 16 Rare: Relative age-sex2 ElBrCh YnBrCh YnBrDa ElSiSo=SiDa YnSiDa 1 18 Rare: Maximum difference relative age and sex 8 terms 44 NA NA v436. Slavery Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 109 0 Slaves are absent or very rare 40 1 Few slaves 23 2 Many slaves v437. Motives for slaving Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 107 0 Slaves are absent or very rare 25 1 Taken for prestige or debt 11 2 Taken for productive labor 26 3 Both 2 and 3 3 NA NA v438. Status of slaves Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=134; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 107 0 Slaves are absent or very rare 5 2 Can not naturalize 22 3 Child of slave and non-slave not naturalized. but given more privileges than ordinary slaves 38 NA NA v439. Language phylum membership Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 42 1 Aztec-Tanoan 36 2 Penutian 27 3 Hokan 67 4 No Phylum v440. Language family membership Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=26 Freq Value Description 35 1 Uto-Aztecan 7 2 Kiowa-Tanoan 19 3 California-Penutian 3 4 Yukian 2 5 Yakonan 1 6 Coosan 1 8 Chinookan 5 9 Sahaptian 2 10 Tsimshian 2 11 I-Klamath-Modoc 1 14 I-Zuni 1 16 Salinan 14 17 Yuman 3 18 Pomon 3 19 Palaihnihan 2 20 Shastan 1 21 Yanan 1 22 I-Chimariko 1 25 I-Washo 2 28 Algonkian 24 29 Eyak-Athaspaskan 6 30 Wakashan 1 31 Chimakuan 25 32 Salishan 5 34 I-Keresan 5 35 Isolate v441. Language subfamily (branch) membership Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique values=15 Freq Value Description 33 1 Shoshonean 2 2 Sonoran 7 3 Tanoan 3 4 Miwok-Costanoan 6 5 Maiduan 5 6 Wintun 5 7 Yokuts 2 8 Ritwan 4 9 Kwakiutlan 2 10 Nootkan 1 11 Bella Coola 1 12 Tillamook 12 13 Coast 10 14 Interior 76 15 No branch 3 NA NA iso639.3. ISO 639-3 language code, used on Ethnologue (http://www.ethnologue.com/) Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=108 First six non-missing records: society iso639.3 North Tlingit tli Tlingit tli North Masset Haida hdn Haida hax Tsimshian tsi Gitksan git lang. Language name, from Ethnologue (http://www.ethnologue.com/) Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=108 First six non-missing records: society lang North Tlingit Tlingit Tlingit Tlingit North Masset Haida Haida Northern Haida Haida Southern Tsimshian Tsimshian Gitksan Gitxsan phyl. Language phylogenetic classification, from Ethnologue (http://www.ethnologue.com/) Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=65 First six non-missing records: society phyl North Tlingit Na-dene, Nuclear Na-dene, Tlingit Tlingit Na-dene, Nuclear Na-dene, Tlingit North Masset Haida Na-dene, Haida Haida Na-dene, Haida Tsimshian Penutian, Tsimshian Gitksan Penutian, Tsimshian reg. Classification into Old World or New World. Used for calculation of linguistic proximity matrix. Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=1 Freq Value 172 newWorld meanalt. BIOCLIM: Mean altitude within 20 km radius (m) (Hijmans et al. 2005) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=172 Stat Value nobs 172 mean 1024.011 min 23 max 2958.696 sd 705.807 sdalt. BIOCLIM: Standard deviation of altitude within 20 km radius (m) (Hijmans et al. 2005) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=172 Stat Value nobs 172 mean 196.679 min 5.543 max 629.139 sd 128.016 bio.1. BIOCLIM: Annual Mean Temperature (dgC*10) (Hijmans et al. 2005) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=105 Stat Value nobs 172 mean 103.884 min -25 max 228 sd 50.682 bio.2. BIOCLIM: Mean Diurnal Range (Mean of monthly (max temp - min temp)) (dgC*10) (Hijmans et al. 2005) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=83 Stat Value nobs 172 mean 139.128 min 56 max 184 sd 33.618 bio.3. BIOCLIM: Isothermality (bio_2/bio_7) (* 100) (Hijmans et al. 2005) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=29 Stat Value nobs 172 mean 42.994 min 28 max 61 sd 6.516 bio.4. BIOCLIM: Temperature Seasonality (standard deviation *100) (Hijmans et al. 2005) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=167 Stat Value nobs 172 mean 6421.529 min 2516 max 9345 sd 1568.971 bio.5. BIOCLIM: Max Temperature of Warmest Month (dgC*10) (Hijmans et al. 2005) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=128 Stat Value nobs 172 mean 282.36 min 140 max 426 sd 65.148 bio.6. BIOCLIM: Min Temperature of Coldest Month (dgC*10) (Hijmans et al. 2005) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=118 Stat Value nobs 172 mean -38.936 min -184 max 78 sd 56.852 bio.7. BIOCLIM: Temperature Annual Range (bio_5-bio_6) (dgC*10) (Hijmans et al. 2005) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=116 Stat Value nobs 172 mean 321.297 min 151 max 431 sd 70.857 bio.8. BIOCLIM: Mean Temperature of Wettest Quarter (dgC*10) (Hijmans et al. 2005) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=130 Stat Value nobs 172 mean 85.215 min -94 max 309 sd 86.628 bio.9. BIOCLIM: Mean Temperature of Driest Quarter (dgC*10) (Hijmans et al. 2005) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=118 Stat Value nobs 172 mean 145.39 min -75 max 278 sd 77.723 bio.10. BIOCLIM: Mean Temperature of Warmest Quarter (dgC*10) (Hijmans et al. 2005) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=121 Stat Value nobs 172 mean 188.029 min 68 max 337 sd 54.565 bio.11. BIOCLIM: Mean Temperature of Coldest Quarter (dgC*10) (Hijmans et al. 2005) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=117 Stat Value nobs 172 mean 25.047 min -115 max 137 sd 54.831 bio.12. BIOCLIM: Annual Precipitation (mm) (Hijmans et al. 2005) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=155 Stat Value nobs 172 mean 822.651 min 68 max 3211 sd 686.739 bio.13. BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Wettest Month (mm) (Hijmans et al. 2005) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=125 Stat Value nobs 172 mean 134.756 min 11 max 526 sd 112.577 bio.14. BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Driest Month (mm) (Hijmans et al. 2005) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=49 Stat Value nobs 172 mean 16.814 min 0 max 112 sd 20.558 bio.15. BIOCLIM: Precipitation Seasonality (Coefficient of Variation) (Hijmans et al. 2005) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=70 Stat Value nobs 172 mean 56.355 min 13 max 93 sd 20.223 bio.16. BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Wettest Quarter (mm) (Hijmans et al. 2005) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=152 Stat Value nobs 172 mean 372.163 min 27 max 1469 sd 319.583 bio.17. BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Driest Quarter (mm) (Hijmans et al. 2005) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=95 Stat Value nobs 172 mean 65.541 min 2 max 379 sd 68.078 bio.18. BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Warmest Quarter (mm) (Hijmans et al. 2005) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=122 Stat Value nobs 172 mean 97.116 min 3 max 428 sd 80.246 bio.19. BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Coldest Quarter (mm) (Hijmans et al. 2005) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=149 Stat Value nobs 172 mean 330.89 min 21 max 1398 sd 309.926 mnnpp. Mean Net Primary Production within 50 km radius. (scaled) (Imhoff et al. 2004) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=172 Stat Value nobs 172 mean -0.391 min -1.274 max 0.989 sd 0.601 long. Longitude (decimal degrees)--rectified Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=146 Stat Value nobs 172 mean -118.363 min -136 max -98.48 sd 6.548 lati. Latitude (decimal degrees)--rectified Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=145 Stat Value nobs 172 mean 40.872 min 28.96 max 59 sd 6.445 ecoregion. WWF ecoregion. (Olson et al. 2001) Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=32 First six non-missing records: society ecoregion North Tlingit Pacific Coastal Mountain Icefields and Tundra Tlingit Northern Pacific Coastal Forests North Masset Haida Queen Charlotte Islands Haida Queen Charlotte Islands Tsimshian North Cascades Forests Gitksan North Cascades Forests mht.name. WWF major habitat type. (Olson et al. 2001) Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value 52 Deserts and xeric shrublands 20 Mediterranean scrub 1 Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests 91 Temperate coniferous forests 7 Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands 1 Tundra koeppengei. Koeppen-Geiger climate classification. (Kottek et al. 2006) Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=15 Freq Value Description 4 BWk Arid: desert; cold 6 BWh Arid: desert; hot 32 BSk Arid: steppe; cold 3 BSh Arid: steppe; hot 2 ET Polar: tundra 9 Dfc Snow: fully humid; cool summer 1 Dfa Snow: fully humid; hot summer 12 Dfb Snow: fully humid; warm summer 2 Dsc Snow: summer dry; cool summer 2 Dsb Snow: summer dry; warm summer 2 Cfc Warm Temperate: fully humid; cool summer 1 Cfa Warm Temperate: fully humid; hot summer 16 Cfb Warm Temperate: fully humid; warm summer 18 Csa Warm Temperate: summer dry; hot summer 62 Csb Warm Temperate: summer dry; warm summer society. Ethnographic Atlas society name Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=172 First six non-missing records: society society.1 North Tlingit North Tlingit Tlingit Tlingit North Masset Haida North Masset Haida Haida Haida Tsimshian Tsimshian Gitksan Gitksan continent. Continent Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=1 Freq Value 172 North America region. Major sub-continental geographic region Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value 4 Central America 168 Northern America iso. ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country codes (GADM-2 data from http://www.gadm.org/) Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value 23 CAN 4 MEX 145 USA name.0. Name of Country (GADM-2 data from http://www.gadm.org/) Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value 23 Canada 4 Mexico 145 United States name.1. Name of first subnational administrative level (GADM-2 data from http://www.gadm.org/) Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=16 Freq Value 2 Alaska 1 Alberta 19 Arizona 4 Baja California 22 British Columbia 60 California 3 Colorado 5 Idaho 2 Montana 6 Nevada 15 New Mexico 14 Oregon 1 Texas 4 Utah 13 Washington 1 Wyoming hasc.1. Hierarchical administrative subdivision code--level 1 (GADM-2 data from http://www.gadm.org/) Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=16 Freq Value 1 CA.AB 22 CA.BC 4 MX.BN 2 US.AK 19 US.AZ 60 US.CA 3 US.CO 5 US.ID 2 US.MT 15 US.NM 6 US.NV 14 US.OR 1 US.TX 4 US.UT 13 US.WA 1 US.WY name.2. Name of second subnational administrative level (GADM-2 data from http://www.gadm.org/) Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=110 First six non-missing records: society name.2 North Tlingit Skagway-Yakutat-Angoon Tlingit Wrangell-Petersburg North Masset Haida Skeena-Queen Charlotte Haida Skeena-Queen Charlotte Tsimshian Skeena-Queen Charlotte Gitksan Kitimat-Stikine hasc.2. Hierarchical administrative subdivision code--level 2 (GADM-2 data from http://www.gadm.org/) Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=111 First six non-missing records: society hasc.2 North Tlingit US.AK.SK Tlingit US.AK.WR North Masset Haida CA.BC.SQ Haida CA.BC.SQ Tsimshian CA.BC.SQ Gitksan CA.BC.KS name.3. Name of third subnational administrative level (GADM-2 data from http://www.gadm.org/) Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=23; Number of unique values=19 Freq Value 1 Alberni-Clayoquot C 2 Cariboo J 1 Central Coast C 1 Colwood 1 Comox-Strathcona A 1 Fraser-Fort George C 1 Improvement District No. 25 1 Kitimat-Stikine B 3 Kitimat-Stikine C (Part 2) 1 Mount Waddington D 1 Pitt Meadows 1 Powell River A 1 Skeena-Queen Charlotte C 2 Skeena-Queen Charlotte D 1 Sooke 1 Squamish-Lillooet C 1 Squamish-Lillooet D 1 Thompson-Nicola E 1 West Vancouver 149 NA eaid. Ethnographic Atlas ID number, if society is in the EA Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=105 Stat Value nobs 105 mean 461.314 min 70 max 1160 sd 157.595 lrbid. Binford foragers ID number, if society is in the LRB Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=90; Number of unique values=90 Stat Value nobs 90 mean 206.089 min 127 max 302 sd 52.592 sccsid. Standard Cross Cultural Sample ID number, if society is in the SCCS Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=12; Number of unique values=12 Freq Value 1 131 1 132 1 133 1 134 1 135 1 136 1 138 1 139 1 148 1 149 1 150 1 151 160 NA wnaiid. Western North American Indian ID number, if society is in the WNAI Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=172 Stat Value nobs 172 mean 86.5 min 1 max 172 sd 49.796