Exclusively parental
Single atypical or occasional category of non-parent
Two or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent
Single category typical and frequent but less important than parents
Two or more categories, at least one of which typical and frequent, but less important than parents
More typical and frequent than parents
Exclusively non-parental

Informal training, with minimal guidance
Apprenticeship typical and frequent but informal training more prevalent

Children are expected to do things more or less by example
7
8
Children frequently shown example; consi- dered very important in socializing child
10
Example given as most important method of education, or adults are constantly showing children how to do things.

Children are expected to do things more or less by example
7
8
Children frequently shown example; consi- dered very important in socializing child
10
Example given as most important method of education, or adults are constantly showing children how to do things.

Children are expected to do things more or less by example
7
8
Children frequently shown example; consi- dered very important in socializing child
10
Example given as most important method of education, or adults are constantly showing children how to do things.

Children are expected to do things more or less by example
7
8
Children frequently shown example; consi- dered very important in socializing child
10
Example given as most important method of education, or adults are constantly showing children how to do things.

Often, but not constant lectures / myths (6 of 11)
Constant and one of the most important methods used in socializing child (11 of 11)

Harsh socialization by parents or other authority figures with severe punishment (0 of 10)
Generally harsh treatment, not extreme (2 of 10)
Generally moderate or balanced degree of both harshness and permissiveness (5 of 10)
Generally indulgent, not extreme (8 of 10)

Generally low expression of affection and attention
Moderate or sporadic expression of affection and attention