Codebook for Cross-Cultural Combined Sample. ============================================================ SOURCE: (1) Murdock, G. P. (1967). Ethnographic atlas: a summary. Ethnology, 6(2), 109-236. (2) Gray, J. P. (1999). A corrected ethnographic atlas. World Cultures, 10(1), 24-136. ----------------------------------------------------------- EA.v1. Gathering Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 99 0 0-5% Dependence 80 1 6-15% Dependence 56 2 16-25% Dependence 48 3 26-35% Dependence 37 4 36-45% Dependence 27 5 46-55% Dependence 17 6 56-65% Dependence 4 7 66-75% Dependence 3 8 76-85% Dependence EA.v2. Hunting Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 63 0 0-5% Dependence 63 1 6-15% Dependence 65 2 16-25% Dependence 90 3 26-35% Dependence 47 4 36-45% Dependence 18 5 46-55% Dependence 9 6 56-65% Dependence 5 7 66-75% Dependence 8 8 76-85% Dependence 3 9 86-100% Dependence EA.v3. Fishing Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 88 0 0-5% Dependence 73 1 6-15% Dependence 64 2 16-25% Dependence 41 3 26-35% Dependence 34 4 36-45% Dependence 40 5 46-55% Dependence 22 6 56-65% Dependence 4 7 66-75% Dependence 4 8 76-85% Dependence 1 9 86-100% Dependence EA.v4. Animal Husbandry Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 253 0 0-5% Dependence 48 1 6-15% Dependence 30 2 16-25% Dependence 19 3 26-35% Dependence 6 4 36-45% Dependence 3 5 46-55% Dependence 2 6 56-65% Dependence 1 7 66-75% Dependence 4 8 76-85% Dependence 5 9 86-100% Dependence EA.v5. Agriculture Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 209 0 0-5% Dependence 14 1 6-15% Dependence 5 2 16-25% Dependence 3 3 26-35% Dependence 21 4 36-45% Dependence 38 5 46-55% Dependence 40 6 56-65% Dependence 24 7 66-75% Dependence 13 8 76-85% Dependence 4 9 86-100% Dependence EA.v6. Mode of Marriage (Primary) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=369; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 117 1 Bride Price or wealth, to bride's family 44 2 Bride Service, to bride's family 25 3 Token bride price 39 4 Gift Exchange, reciprocal 13 5 Sister or female relative exchanged for bride 121 6 Absence of consideration 10 7 Dowry 2 NA NA EA.v7. Mode of Marriage (Alternate) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=369; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 17 1 bride price or wealth, to bride's family 21 2 bride Service, to bride's family 7 3 Token bride price 6 5 Sister or female relative exchanged 10 7 Dowry, to bride from her family 308 8 no alternate mode 2 NA NA EA.v8. Domestic Organization Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=367; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 25 1 Independent nuclear family, monogamous 100 2 Independent nuclear family, polygyny 2 3 Independent polyandrous families 10 4 Polygynous: unusual co-wives 41 5 Polygynous: usual co-wives 21 6 Minimal extended families 105 7 Small extended families 63 8 Large extended families 4 NA NA EA.v9. Marital Composition: Monogamy and Polygamy Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=367; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 55 1 Independent nuclear, monogamous 179 2 Independent nuclear, polygyny 48 3 Preferentially sororal, same dwelling 3 4 Preferentially sororal, separate dwellings 37 5 Non-sororal, separate dwellings 43 6 Non-sororal, same dwelling 2 7 Independent polyandrous families 4 NA NA EA.v10. Marital Residence with Kin: First Years Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=366; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 4 1 Ambilocal 4 2 Nonestablishment of common household 91 3 Uxrilocal 4 4 Virilocal 263 9 Not different from later years 5 NA NA EA.v11. Transfer of Residence at Marriage: After First Years Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=365; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 232 1 Wife to husband's group 65 2 Couple to either group or neolocal 68 3 Husband to wife's group 6 NA NA EA.v12. Marital Residence with Kin: After First Years Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=366; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 12 1 Avunculocal 44 2 Ambilocal 1 3 Optionally uxorilocal or avunculocal 1 4 Optionally patrilocal 20 5 Matrilocal 20 6 Neolocal 1 7 No common residence 99 8 Patrilocal 35 9 Uxorilocal 133 10 Virilocal 5 NA NA EA.v13. Marital Residence with Kin: Alternate Form Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=366; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 30 1 Wife to husband's group 44 2 Couple to either group 95 3 Husband to wife's group 197 9 No alternate form 5 NA NA EA.v14. Transfer of Residence at Marriage: Alternate Form Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=366; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 10 1 Avunculocal 2 2 Ambilocal 1 3 Optionally uxorilocal or avunculocal 42 6 Neolocal 2 8 Patrilocal 84 9 Uxorilocal 28 10 Virilocal 197 11 No alternate form 5 NA NA EA.v15. Community Marriage Organization Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=354; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 29 1 Demes, not segregated into clan barrios 42 2 Segmented comunities witout local exogamy 156 3 Agamous communities 73 4 Exogamous communities 2 5 Segmented communities 52 6 Clan communities, or clan barrios 17 NA NA EA.v16. Community Marriage Organization Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=354; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 49 1 Clan communities not segmented into clan barrios 3 2 Clan communities segmented into clan barrios 302 9 Other than clan communities 17 NA NA EA.v17. Largest Patrilineal Kin Group Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=369; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 249 1 None 26 3 Lineages in single community 57 4 Sibs, i.e., lineages in multiple communities 16 5 Phratries, i.e., three or more maxmimally extended sibs 21 6 Moieties 2 NA NA EA.v18. Largest Patrilineal Exogamous Group (If Different from Variable 17) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=369; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 15 3 Lineages in single community 6 4 Sibs, i.e., lineages in multiple communities 348 9 No different from variable 17, or Lo, Po, or So 2 NA NA EA.v19. Largest Matrilineal Kin Group Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=369; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 307 1 None 3 2 Matrilineal exogamy 9 3 Lineages in single community 20 4 Sibs, i.e., lineages in multiple communities 9 5 Phratries, i.e., three or more maximally extended sibs 21 6 Moieties 2 NA NA EA.v20. Largest Matrilineal Exogamous Group (If Different from Variable 17) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=369; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 2 3 Lineages in a single community 5 4 Sibs, i.e., Lineages in multiple community 362 9 No different from variable 17, or Lo, Po, or So 2 NA NA EA.v21. Largest Cognatic Kin Group Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=369; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 152 1 Bilateral descent 46 2 Kindreds: ego-oriented bilateral kin groups 12 4 Ramages: ancestor oriented 2 5 exogamous ramages 8 6 Quasi-lineages: filiation based 149 9 Unilineal descent groups 2 NA NA EA.v22. Secondary Cognatic Kin Group: Kindreds and Ramages Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=369; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 3 2 Kindreds: ego-oriented bilateral kin groups 1 4 Ramages: ancestor oriented ambilineal groups 365 9 No secondary cognatic groups 2 NA NA EA.v23. Cousin Marriages (Allowed) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=344; Number of unique values=11 Freq Value Description 66 1 Duolateral: either MoBrDa or FaSiDa 1 2 Duolateral: either FaBrDa or FaSiDa 2 3 Duolateral: either MoBrDa or MoSiDa 12 6 Matrilineal cross-cousin: MoBrDa only 133 7 Nonlateral all first and second cousin barred 60 8 Nonlateral evidence only for first cousins 1 9 Patrilineal cross-cousin: FaSiDa only 30 10 Quadrilateral any first cousin allowed 5 11 Nonlateral: no first cousins, some second cousins 26 12 Nonlateral: no first cousins, all second cousins 8 13 Trilateral: any first cousin not 27 NA NA EA.v24. Subtypes of Cousin Marriages Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=344; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 30 1 All four cousins 8 2 three of four cousins 3 3 Two of four cousins 79 4 One of Four cousins 26 5 No first cousins, all second cousins 5 6 First and some second cousins excluded 60 7 No first, unknown for second 133 8 No first or second cousins 27 NA NA EA.v25. Preferred rather than just Permitted Cousin Marriages Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=344; Number of unique values=13 Freq Value Description 28 1 Duolateral, symmetrical preference 15 2 Duolateral, matrilateral preference 5 3 Duolateral, patrilineal preference 1 4 Duolateral, with maternal cousins only, MoBrDa 9 5 Matrilineal cross-cousin, MoBrDa only 1 6 Patrilineal cross-cousin, FaSiDa only 8 7 Quadrilateral, FaSiDa preferred 1 8 Quadrilateral, symmetrical preference 3 9 Quadrilateral, matrilineal preference 5 10 Nonlateral, some second cousins 6 11 Nonlateral, all second cousins 1 13 Trilateral with matrilateral preference 261 15 No preferred cousin marriages 27 NA NA EA.v26. Subtypes of Cousin Marriages (Preferred rather than just Permitted) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=344; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 29 1 Symmetrical prefernce 29 2 MoBrDa preferred 6 3 FaSiDa preferred 8 4 FaBrDa preferred 11 5 A second cousin preferred 261 9 No preferred cousin marriage 27 NA NA EA.v27. Kin Terms for Cousins Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=331; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 22 1 crow 16 2 Descriptive 36 3 Eskimo 134 4 Hawaiian 91 5 Iroquois 21 6 Omaha 5 7 Sudanese 6 8 Mixed 40 NA NA EA.v28. Intensity of Agriculture Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=368; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 200 1 No agriculture 17 2 Casual agriculture 57 3 Extensive or shifting agriculture 19 4 Horticulture 37 5 Intensive agriculture 38 6 Intensive irrigated agriculture 3 NA NA EA.v29. Major Crop Type Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=368; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 202 1 None or noe specified 1 2 Non food crops only 14 4 Tree fruits 41 5 Roots or tubers 110 6 Cereal grains 3 NA NA EA.v30. Settlement Patterns Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=368; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 53 1 Nomadic or fully migratory 116 2 Seminomadic 46 3 Semisedentary 3 4 Compact but impermenant settlements 24 5 Neighborhoods of dispersed family homesteads 17 6 Separated hamlets, forming a single community 102 7 Compact and relatively permanent 7 8 Complex settlements 3 NA NA EA.v31. Mean Size of Local Communities Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=254; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 83 1 Fewer than 50 57 2 50-99 38 3 100-199 25 4 200-399 15 5 400-1000 6 6 1,000 without any town of more than 5,000 10 7 Towns of 5,000-50,000 (one or more) 20 8 Cities of more than 50,000 (one or more) 117 NA NA EA.v32. Jurisdictional Hierarchy of Local Community Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=367; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 135 1 Two levels 205 2 Three levels 27 3 Four levels 4 NA NA EA.v33. Jurisdictional Hierarchy Beyond Local Community Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=365; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 233 1 No levels 79 2 One levels 23 3 Two levels 19 4 Three levels 11 5 Four levels 6 NA NA EA.v34. High Gods Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=281; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 152 1 Absent or not reported 70 2 Not active in human affairs 17 3 Active in human affairs, not supportive of human morality 42 4 Supportive of human morality 90 NA NA EA.v35. Games Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=275; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 14 1 None of the three types 52 2 Physical skill only 2 4 Strategy only 179 5 Skill and chance 11 6 Skill and strategy 17 8 All 96 NA NA EA.v35.1. Presence of Games of Physical Skill { Dummy variable coded from v35 } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=275; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 16 0 No Games of Physical Skill 259 1 Games of Physical Skill 96 NA NA EA.v35.2. Presence of Games of Chance { Dummy variable coded from v35 } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=275; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 79 0 No Games of Chance 196 1 Games of Chance 96 NA NA EA.v35.3. Presence of Games of Strategy { Dummy variable coded from v35 } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=275; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 245 0 No Games of Strategy 30 1 Games of Strategy 96 NA NA EA.v36. Post-partum Sex Taboos Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=195; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 4 1 none 48 2 No longer than one month 72 3 1 to 6 months 16 4 6 months to 1 year 31 5 More than one to two years 24 6 Over two years 176 NA NA EA.v37. Male Genital Mutilations Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=364; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 310 1 Absent 5 2 Within two months after birth 1 3 Two months to two years 5 4 2 to 5 years 18 5 6 to 10 years 18 6 11 to 15 years 3 7 16 to 25 years 1 9 After 50 years 3 10 Normal age unclear 7 NA NA EA.v38. Segregation of Adolescent Boys Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=287; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 212 1 absent 38 2 partial 13 3 with relatives outside nuclear family 4 4 with non-relatives 20 5 with peers 84 NA NA EA.v39. Animals and Plow Cultivation Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=368; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 333 1 absent 4 2 not aboriginal 31 3 aboriginal to prior contact 3 NA NA EA.v40. Predominant Type of Animal Husbandry Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=368; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 200 1 absence or near absence of large domestic animals 32 2 pigs the only large animals 18 3 sheep and/ or goats without larger domestic animals 40 4 equine animals 4 5 deer 5 6 camels, alpacas, or llamas 69 7 bovine animals 3 NA NA EA.v41. Milking of Domestic Animals Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=368; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 310 1 little or no milking 58 2 milked more often than sporadically 3 NA NA EA.v42. Subsistence Economy (Not in the original EA) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 72 1 gathering contributes most 83 2 fishing contributes most 52 3 hunting contribuets most 16 4 pastoralism contributes most 62 6 extensive agriculture contributes most 68 7 inensive agricultue contributes most 16 8 two or more sources contribute equally 2 9 agriculture contributes most, type unknown EA.v43. Descent: Major Type (From Variables 17, 19, 21, Not in the Original EA) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=369; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 90 1 patrilineal 17 2 duolateral 42 3 matrilineal 6 4 Quasi-lineages 11 5 ambilineal 187 6 bilateral 16 7 mixed 2 NA NA EA.v44. Sex Differences: Metal Working Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=364; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 79 1 males only or almost alone 1 2 malea appreciably more 1 7 irrelevence of gender 1 8 activity present 282 9 absent or unimportant activity 7 NA NA EA.v45. Sex Differences: Weaving Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=346; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 29 1 males only 4 2 males appreciably more 6 3 differentialted but equal participation 3 4 equal participation 4 5 female appreciably more 67 6 females only 16 8 activity present 217 9 absent or unimportant activity 25 NA NA EA.v46. Sex Differences: Leather Working Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=295; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 69 1 males only 4 2 males appreciably more 1 3 differentialted but equal participation 11 4 equal participation 12 5 female appreciably more 96 6 females only 39 8 activity present 63 9 absent or unimportant activity 76 NA NA EA.v47. Sex Differences: Pottery Making Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=344; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 10 1 males only 3 2 males appreciably more 4 3 differentialted but equal participation 3 4 equal participation 2 5 female appreciably more 108 6 females only 1 7 irrevelence of gender 30 8 activity present 183 9 absent or unimportant activity 27 NA NA EA.v48. Sex Differences: Boat Building Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=322; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 118 1 males only 8 2 males appreciably more 4 3 differentialted but equal participation 2 6 females only 59 8 activity present 131 9 absent or unimportant activity 49 NA NA EA.v49. Sex Differences: House Construction Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=254; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 133 1 males only 32 2 males appreciably more 24 3 differentialted but equal participation 13 4 equal participation 7 5 female appreciably more 44 6 females only 1 8 activity present 117 NA NA EA.v50. Sex Differences: Gathering Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=304; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 3 1 males only 6 2 males appreciably more 5 3 differentialted but equal participation 18 4 equal participation 72 5 female appreciably more 145 6 females only 3 8 activity present 52 9 absent or unimportant activity 67 NA NA EA.v51. Sex Differences: Hunting Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=358; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 322 1 males only 10 2 males appreciably more 26 9 absent or unimportant activity 13 NA NA EA.v52. Sex Differences: Fishing Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=323; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 134 1 males only 90 2 males appreciably more 15 3 differentialted but equal participation 11 4 equal participation 5 5 female appreciably more 4 6 females only 1 8 activity present 63 9 absent or unimportant activity 48 NA NA EA.v53. Sex Differences: Animal Husbandry Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=334; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 54 1 males only 25 2 males appreciably more 17 3 differentialted but equal participation 13 4 equal participation 4 5 female appreciably more 14 6 females only 2 8 activity present 205 9 absent or unimportant activity 37 NA NA EA.v54. Sex Differences: Agriculture Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=353; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 20 1 males only 45 2 males appreciably more 15 3 differentialted but equal participation 30 4 equal participation 37 5 female appreciably more 6 6 females only 200 9 absent or unimportant activity 18 NA NA EA.v55. Age or Occupational Specialization: Metal Working Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=364; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 76 3 craft specialization 2 4 industrialized specialization 286 9 task absent oe age/ occupational specialization absent 7 NA NA EA.v56. Age or Occupational Specialization: Weaving Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=346; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 16 3 craft specialization 1 4 industrialized specialization 329 9 task absent oe age/ occupational specialization absent 25 NA NA EA.v57. Age or Occupational Specialization: Leather Working Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=295; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 18 3 craft specialization 277 9 task absent oe age/ occupational specialization absent 76 NA NA EA.v58. Age or Occupational Specialization: Pottery Making Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=344; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 23 3 craft specialization 1 4 industrialized specialization 320 9 task absent oe age/ occupational specialization absent 27 NA NA EA.v59. Age or Occupational Specialization: Boat Building Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=322; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 14 3 craft specialization 308 9 task absent oe age/ occupational specialization absent 49 NA NA EA.v60. Age or Occupational Specialization: House Construction Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=253; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 14 3 craft specialization 239 9 task absent oe age/ occupational specialization absent 118 NA NA EA.v61. Age or Occupational Specialization: Gathering Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=304; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 1 1 junior age specialization 303 9 task absent oe age/ occupational specialization absent 67 NA NA EA.v62. Age or Occupational Specialization: Hunting Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=357; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 1 1 junior age specialization 8 3 craft specialization 348 9 task absent oe age/ occupational specialization absent 14 NA NA EA.v63. Age or Occupational Specialization: Fishing Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=323; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 8 3 craft specialization 315 9 task absent oe age/ occupational specialization absent 48 NA NA EA.v64. Age or Occupational Specialization: Animal Husbandry Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=334; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 4 1 junior age specialization 1 3 craft specialization 329 9 task absent oe age/ occupational specialization absent 37 NA NA EA.v65. Age or Occupational Specialization: Agriculture Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=353; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 1 3 craft specialization 352 9 task absent oe age/ occupational specialization absent 18 NA NA EA.v66. Class Stratification Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=367; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 185 1 absence among freemen 98 2 wealth distinctions 3 3 elite 56 4 dual 25 5 complex 4 NA NA EA.v67. Class Stratification, Secondary Features Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=367; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 2 2 wealth distinctions 4 3 elite 4 4 dual 2 5 complex 355 9 no secondary type 4 NA NA EA.v68. Class Stratification (Endogamy) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=363; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 336 1 absent or insignificant 18 2 despised occupational groups 2 3 ethnic stratification 7 4 complex 8 NA NA EA.v69. Class Stratification (Endogamy), Secondary Type Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=363; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 1 2 Despised occupational group 1 3 ethnic stratification 361 5 No secondary type or absence of stratification 8 NA NA EA.v70. Type of Slavery Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=358; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 228 1 absence or near absence 50 2 incipient or nonhereditary 13 3 reported but type not identified 67 4 hereditary and socially significant 13 NA NA EA.v71. Former Presence of Slavery Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=358; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 301 1 absent or exists currently and in past 57 2 fromerly present but not currently existing 13 NA NA EA.v72. Succession to the Office of Local Headman Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=324; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 126 1 Patrilineal heir 25 2 Matrilineal heir 6 3 Appointment by higher authority 11 4 Senority or age 24 5 Influence, wealth or social status 32 6 Election or other formal consensus 60 7 Informal consensus 40 9 Absence of any such office 47 NA NA EA.v73. Succession to the Office of Local Headman: Type of Hereditary Succession Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=324; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 107 1 hereditary by son 19 2 hereditary by other patrilineal heir 11 3 hereditary by a sister's son 14 4 hereditary by other matrilineal heir 133 5 nonhereditary 40 9 Absence of any such office 47 NA NA EA.v74. Inheritance Rule for Real Property (Land) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=277; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 158 1 absence of individual property rights 3 2 matrilineal (sister's sons) 12 3 other matrilineal heirs 12 4 children, with daughters recieving less 15 5 children, equally for both sexes 9 6 other patrilineal heirs 68 7 patrilineal (sons) 94 NA NA EA.v75. Inheritance Distribution for Real Property (Land) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=272; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 66 1 equal or relatively equal 6 2 exclusively 4 3 ultimogeniture 38 4 primogeniture 158 9 absence of inheritance of real property 99 NA NA EA.v76. Inheritance Rule for Movable Property Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=289; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 98 1 absence of individual property rights or rules 6 2 Matrilineal 14 3 other matrilineal 15 4 children, with daughters receiving less 36 5 children, equally for both sexes 13 6 other patrilineal heirs 107 7 patrilineal 82 NA NA EA.v77. Inheritance Distribution for Movable Property Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=288; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 132 1 equal or relatively equal 5 2 exclusively 6 3 ultimogeniture 36 4 primogeniture 109 9 absence of inheritance of real property 83 NA NA EA.v78. Norms of Premarital Sexual Behavior of Girls Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=246; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 22 1 early marriage of females 66 2 insistence on virginity 69 3 prohibited but weakly censured 26 4 allowed, censured only if pregnancy 5 5 trial, marriage, promiscuous relation prohibited 58 6 freely permitted 125 NA NA EA.v79. Prevailing Type of Dwelling: Ground Plan Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=357; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 6 1 semicircular 156 2 circular 17 3 elliptical or elongated with rounded ends 169 5 rectangular or square 9 6 quadrangular around 14 NA NA EA.v80. Prevailing Type of Dwelling: Floor Level Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=355; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 71 1 subterranean or semi-subterranean 252 2 floor formed by ground 13 3 elevated slightly or raised platform 19 4 raised substantially on piles, posts, or piers 16 NA NA EA.v81. Prevailing Type of Dwelling: Wall Material Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=173; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 13 1 stone, stucco, concrete, or fired brink 19 2 plaster, mud and dung, or wattle and daub 70 3 wood, including logs, planks, poles, bamboo, or shingles 3 4 bark 2 5 hides or skin 6 6 felt, cloth, or other fabrics 19 7 mats, latticework, or wattle 17 8 grass, leaves, or other thatch 24 9 adobe, clay, or dried brick 198 NA NA EA.v82. Prevailing Type of Dwelling: Shape of Roof Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=350; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 15 1 rounded or semi-cylindrical 58 2 dome or hemisphere 7 3 beehive with pointed peak 89 4 conical 7 5 semi-hemisphere 11 6 shed 23 7 flat or horizontal 116 8 gabled 24 9 hipped or pyramidal 21 NA NA EA.v83. Prevailing Type of Dwelling: Roofing Materials Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=351; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 3 1 stone, slate, tile, or fired brink 3 2 plaster, clay, mud and dung, or wattle and daub 37 3 wood, including logs, planks, poles, bamboo, or shingles 22 4 bark 27 5 hides or skin 5 6 felt, cloth, or other fabrics 24 7 mats 173 8 grass, leaves, brush or other thatch 51 9 earth or turf 6 10 ice or snow 20 NA NA EA.v84. Secondary or Alternative House Type: Ground Plan Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=155; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 6 1 semicircular 62 2 circular 8 3 elliptical or elongated with rounded ends 72 5 rectangular or square 7 6 quadrangular around 216 NA NA EA.v85. Secondary or Alternative House Type: Floor Level Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=153; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 16 1 subhterranean or semi-subterranean 120 2 floor formed by ground 9 3 elevated slighty or on raise platform 8 4 raised substantially on piles, posts, or piers 218 NA NA EA.v86. Secondary or Alternative House Type: Wall Material Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=67; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 8 1 stone, stucco, concrete, or fired brink 5 2 plaster, mud and dung, or wattle and daub 16 3 wood, including logs, planks, polees, bamboo, or shingles 5 4 bark 2 6 felt, cloth, or other fabrics 9 7 mats. latticework, or wattle 10 8 grass, leaves, or other thatch 12 9 adobe, clay, or dried brick 304 NA NA EA.v87. Secondary or Alternative House Type: Shape of Roof Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=152; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 13 2 dome or hemisphere 1 3 behive with pointed peak 49 4 conical 7 5 semi-hemisphere 6 6 shed 15 7 flat or horizontal 51 8 gabled 10 9 hipped or pyramidal 219 NA NA EA.v88. Secondary or Alternative House Type: Roofing Materials Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=153; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 4 1 stone, or slate, tile, fired brink 1 2 plaster, clay, mud and dung, or wattle and daub 9 3 wood, including logs, planks, poles, bamboo, or shingles 18 4 bark 16 5 hides or skin 2 6 felt, cloth, or other fabrics 20 7 mats 70 8 grass, leaves, brush, or other thatch 13 9 ice or snow 218 NA NA EA.v90. Political Integration (WES Column 15) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=156; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 12 1 absence, even at local level 73 2 autonomous local communities 6 3 peace groups transcending local communities 32 4 minimal states 10 5 little states 23 6 states 215 NA NA EA.v94. Political Succession for the Local Community (WES Column 15) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=154; Number of unique values=11 Freq Value Description 35 11 PL, a son preferred to a younger brother 3 12 PL, a younger brother preferred to a son 26 13 PL, other than B or S 3 24 ML, a sister's son preferred to a younger brother 6 25 ML, a younger brother preferred to a sister's son 6 26 ML, other than SS or yB 4 39 appointment by some higher authority 17 49 election or formal consensus 33 59 informal consensus, personal influence or age 7 69 councils, or other collective body 14 99 absence of indigenous political authority 217 NA NA EA.v95. Climate: Primary Environment (Coded by Frank Moore from Phillips Comparative Atlas) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=178; Number of unique values=15 Freq Value Description 9 23 Tundra (northern areas) 17 36 Northern coniferous forest 4 44 High plateau steppe 10 46 Temperate forest (mostly mountainous) 2 51 Desert (including arctic) 24 52 Desert grasses and shrubs 17 54 Temperate grasslands 5 55 Mediterranean (dry, deciduous, and evergreen forests) 4 56 Temperate woodland 2 65 Oases and certain restricted river valleys 6 74 Sub-tropical bush 10 78 Sub-tropical rain forest 19 84 Tropical grassland 7 87 Monsoon forest 42 88 Tropical rain forest 193 NA NA EA.v96. Climate: Secondary Environments (Coded by Frank Moore from Phillips Comparative Atlas) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=177; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 1 23 tundra 3 46 temperate forest 6 52 desert grasses and shrubs 1 54 temperate grasslands 3 56 temperate woodland 1 65 oases and certain restricted river valleys 1 78 sub-tropical rain forest 4 84 tropical grassland 3 88 tropical rain forest 154 99 no secondary environment 194 NA NA EA.v97. Linguistic Affiliation: Language Continent Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=369; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 50 1 Africa- Mideastern 61 2 East Eurasia 29 3 North Eurasisan 189 4 North American 40 5 South American 2 NA NA EA.v104. Latitude Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=102 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 25.79 min -55 max 78 sd 26.531 EA.v106. Longitude Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=177 Stat Value nobs 371 mean -37.089 min -167 max 179 sd 97.564 EA.v112. Trance States Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=258; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 65 1 Trance exists, no belief in possession 14 2 A belief in possession exists 12 3 Trance exists, sole explanation is possession, no other manifestations of possession 45 4 Possession is one of the explanations of trance, possession also has other manifestations 47 5 Trance exists, possession explains other phenomena, but not trance 30 6 Possession is sole cause of trance, but possession has manifestations other than trance 15 7 Possession is one of the explanations of trance, possession has no other manifestations 30 8 Trance does not exist, no belief in possession. 113 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Hijmans, R.J., et al. 2005. Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology 25(15):1965-1978. data at http://www.worldclim.org/bioclim.htm (assigned by E. Anthon Eff) ----------------------------------------------------------- EA.meanalt. BIOCLIM: Mean altitude within 20 km radius (m) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=370 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 686.589 min 3.125 max 4788.215 sd 704.852 ============================================================ SOURCE: G. P. Murdock and Diana O. Morrow. 1970. Subsistence Economy and Supportive Practices: Cross-Cultural Codes 1. Ethnology 9:302-330. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v1. Intercommunity Trade as Food Source Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 7 1 No Trade 51 2 Food Imports absent although trade present 4 3 Salt or Minerals only 81 4 < 10 pct of food (90 pct form local extractive sources) 38 5 < 50 pct of food, and less than any single local source 2 7 > 50 pct of food 188 NA NA SCCS.v2. Food Import Acquisition Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=124; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 49 1 Direct individual exchanges 10 2 Indirect individual exchanges 28 3 Local markets 34 4 Middlemen 3 5 Three or four of above 247 NA NA SCCS.v3. Agriculture- Contribution to Local Food Supply Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 35 1 None 3 2 Non-food Crops 17 3 < 10 pct 12 4 < 50 pct , and less than any other single source, incl. trade 42 5 < 50 pct , and more than any other single source, incl. trade 77 6 Primarily agricultural 185 NA NA SCCS.v4. Crops- Principal Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=150; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 2 1 Non-food 14 3 Tree or Vine 38 4 Roots 96 5 Cereals 221 NA NA SCCS.v5. Animal Husbandry- Contribution to Food Supply Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 8 1 None 41 2 Present, not food source 67 3 < 10 pct food supply 33 4 < 50 pct - chiefly meat 21 5 < 50 pct - chiefly dairy 16 7 > 50 pct 185 NA NA SCCS.v6. Animals- Domesticated Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=178; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 54 1 Small Species, e.g. Bees, Cats, Dogs, Fowl 34 2 Pigs 23 3 Ovides 14 4 Equines 3 5 Reindeer 4 6 Camels 46 7 Bovines 193 NA NA SCCS.v7. Fishing- Contribution to Food Supply Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=184; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 27 1 None 79 2 < 10 pct food supply 55 3 < 50 pct , and less than any other single source, incl. trade 10 4 < 50 pct , and more than any other single source, incl. trade 13 5 > 50 pct 187 NA NA SCCS.v8. Fish Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=157; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 6 1 Shellfish 122 2 True fish 1 3 Large aquatic animals 28 4 Two or more of above 214 NA NA SCCS.v9. Hunting- Contribution to Food Supply Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 18 1 None 2 2 Not food source 86 3 < 10 pct food supply 61 4 < 50 pct , and less than any other single source, incl. trade 8 5 < 50 pct , and more than any other single source, incl. trade 7 6 > 50 pct 189 NA NA SCCS.v10. Animals Hunted Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=163; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 18 1 Birds or Waterfowl 35 2 Small Mammals 65 3 Large Game 45 4 Two or more of above 208 NA NA SCCS.v11. Gathering- Contribution to Food Supply Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 15 1 None 117 2 < 10 pct food supply 40 3 < 50 pct , and less than any other single source, incl. trade 7 4 < 50 pct , and more than any other single source, incl. trade 3 5 > 50 pct 189 NA NA SCCS.v12. Gathered Foods Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=165; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 18 1 Wild Animal products 15 2 Wild Herbs, Leaves, Blossoms 7 3 Tree Pith, e.g., Sago 11 4 Wild Roots or Tubers 54 5 Wild Fruit, seeds, nuts, berries 60 6 Two or more of the above 206 NA NA SCCS.v13. Land Transport (Especially regarding Food Transport) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 108 1 Human Carriers, incl. tumpline 41 2 Pack Animals 13 3 Draft Animals (sleds, travois) 12 4 Animal Drawn Wheeled vehicles 11 5 Motorized vehicles 186 NA NA SCCS.v14. Routes of Land Transport Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=181; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 124 1 Unimproved Trails 26 2 Improved Trails, for porters or animal carriers 22 3 Unpaved Roads, for wheeled vehicles 9 4 Paved Roads 190 NA NA SCCS.v15. Water Transport Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=181; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 20 1 None, but feasible 56 2 Not feasible 10 3 Floats or rafts 73 4 Human powered craft 20 5 Sail powered craft 2 6 Motorized craft 190 NA NA SCCS.v16. Water Craft Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 76 0 None 50 1 Small, for <10 people or load equivalent 31 2 Medium, for >10 people or load equivalent 14 3 Large, for >40 people or load equivalent 200 NA NA SCCS.v17. Money (Media of Exchange) and Credit Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 77 1 No media of exchange or money 12 2 Domestically usable articles as media of exchange 26 3 Tokens of conventional value as media of exchange 42 4 Foreign coinage or paper currency 26 5 Indigenous coinage or paper currency 188 NA NA SCCS.v18. Credit Source Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 113 1 Personal loans between friends or relatives 26 2 Internal money lending specialists 23 3 External money lending specialists 7 4 Banks or comparable institutions 202 NA NA SCCS.v19. Preservation and Storage of Food Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=12 Freq Value Description 31 1 Year-round food supply, none 29 2 Year-round food supply, simple 14 3 Year-round food supply, complex 8 4 Daily variation, none 2 5 Daily variation, simple 24 7 Seasonal variation, barely adequate 46 8 Seasonal variation, adequate (8) 16 9 Seasonal variation, adequate (9) 6 10 Annual variation, barely adequate 5 11 Annual variation, adequate (11) 3 12 Annual variation, adequate (12) 2 13 Imported food, barely adequate 185 NA NA SCCS.v20. Food Storage Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 36 1 None 129 2 Individual households 7 3 Communal facilities 3 4 Political agent controlled repositories 7 5 Economic agent controlled repositories 189 NA NA SCCS.v21. Food Surplus via Storage Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 69 1 None or barely adequate 84 2 Simple or adequate 33 3 Complex or More than adequate 185 NA NA SCCS.v22. Food Supply (Ecological or Distribution Network) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 74 1 Year-round food supply locally 10 2 Daily variation in food supply 86 3 Seasonal variation 14 4 Annual variation 2 5 Imported food supply 185 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Herbert Barry III and Leonora M. Paxson. 1971. Infancy and Early Childhood: Cross-Cultural Codes 2. Ethnology 10:466-508. ----------------------------------------------------------- Vars. 23- 60 infancy & early childhood Variables 23-32 deal with infancy only, from the first year until the transition to early childhood (see 38-39, 42, 44), usually at 12-18 months.The early and late infancy periods of variables 24-27 refer to the first few months after birth versus the period after crawling begins,usually around 9 months. Variables 33-38 include both infancy and early childhood, the latter usually to the age of 4-5 years. Variables 39-50 deal with the transition to childhood, around 12-18 months.Variables 51-60 provide a comparison of infancy and childhood. SCCS.v23. Sleeping Proximity of Parents to Infant Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=173; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 12 2 Mo same room (not bed) as infant, Fa different room 30 4 Mo same room (not bed) as infant, Fa different bed 55 5 Mo, Fa same room as infant, beds not specified 24 6 Mo same bed as infant, Fa different room 5 7 Mo same bed as infant, Fa not specified 24 8 Mo same bed as infant, Fa same room 23 9 Mo and Fa in same bed as infant 198 NA NA SCCS.v24. Bodily Restrictiveness - Early Infancy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=131; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 42 1 None except in emergency 1 2 Loose confinement - Tether or playpen 21 3 Limited space - Bed or hammock 41 4 Movement limited - Swaddling, heavy blankets 26 5 Often Bound - Cradle Board 240 NA NA SCCS.v25. Bodily Restrictiveness - Later Infancy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=123; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 61 1 None except in emergency 8 2 Loose confinement - Tether or playpen 14 3 Limited space - Bed or hammock 23 4 Movement limited - Swaddling, heavy blankets 17 5 Often Bound - Cradle Board 248 NA NA SCCS.v26. Bodily Contact - Early Infancy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=121; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 3 1 Limited to routine and precautionary care 16 2 Occasionally 33 3 Up to 1/2 time 49 4 > 1/2 time 20 5 Almost Constantly 250 NA NA SCCS.v27. Bodily Contact - Late Infancy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=117; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 3 1 Limited to routine and precautionary care 15 2 Occasionally 41 3 Up to 1/2 time 43 4 > 1/2 time 15 5 Almost Constantly 254 NA NA SCCS.v28. Infant Carrying Devices Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=156; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 22 1 None, skin contact 22 2 None, clothing or blanket 75 3 Sling or Pouch 9 4 Basket 28 5 Rigid Cradleboard 215 NA NA SCCS.v29. Infant Carrying Position Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=156; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 91 1 Back 54 2 Side 10 3 Front 1 4 Other 215 NA NA SCCS.v30. Infant Eye Contact with Carrier Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=142; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 26 1 Away from carrier 116 2 Toward carrier 229 NA NA SCCS.v31. Infant Crying- Response Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=103; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 3 1 Indifferent or punitive 3 2 Slow or perfunctory, nurturant 19 3 Speedy but inconsistently nurturant 67 4 Generally speedy, nurturant 11 5 Always speedy, nurturant 268 NA NA SCCS.v32. Infant Crying- Amount Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=47; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 16 1 Very Infrequent and brief 10 2 Infrequent and short 9 3 Infrequent and prolonged 11 4 Frequent and short 1 5 Frequent and prolonged 324 NA NA SCCS.v33. Childhood Pain Infliction Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=148; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 17 1 Absent 37 2 Only neonatally or very mild pain 63 3 Occasional mild pain 25 4 Frequent mild pain or infrequent severe pain 6 5 Frequent pain 223 NA NA SCCS.v34. Post - Partum Sex Taboo Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=134; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 2 1 Intercourse expected soon after birth 7 2 None 29 3 1 month or less 42 4 6 months or less 12 5 1 year or less 20 6 2 years or less 22 7 > 2 years 237 NA NA SCCS.v35. Ceremonialism Surrounding Child, beyond Nuclear Family Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=179; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 20 1 None 73 2 Only within first 2 months 56 3 One occasion at later age 20 4 Two or more ceremonies 10 5 Prominent 192 NA NA SCCS.v36. Magical Protectiveness Applied to Parents and Child Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=178; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 8 1 None 22 2 Only neonatal period, e.g., couvade 76 3 Slight, neonatally and later 66 4 Moderate, neonatally and later 6 5 Exaggerated, neonatally and later 193 NA NA SCCS.v37. Physical Protectiveness against Childhood Illness Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=166; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 1 1 No special effort 43 2 Slight 79 3 Moderate, e.g., regular baths 39 4 Some exceptional techniques, e.g., medicines, ointments, diapers 4 5 Variety of exceptional techniques 205 NA NA SCCS.v38. Introduction of New Foods (Other than Milk) in Childhood Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=91; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 33 1 Before 1 month 27 2 1-6 months 11 3 7-12 months, including solids 6 4 7-12 months, only liquids or premasticated 14 5 After 12 months 280 NA NA SCCS.v39. Weaning- Age and Severity Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=157; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 103 1 > 2 years and gentle 27 2 > 2 years and severe 17 3 > 1 year and gentle 5 4 > 1 year and severe 3 5 > 6 months and gentle 1 6 > 6 months and severe 1 7 < 6 months and gentle 214 NA NA SCCS.v40. Motor Skills- Encouragement in Childhood Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=77; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 2 1 Discourage or punish early development 2 2 Ignore development 22 3 No active assistance, but attention given 42 4 Definite but inconsistent rewards 9 5 Strong Encouragement and assistance 294 NA NA SCCS.v41. Autonomy- Encouragement in Childhood Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 25 1 > 4 years and gradual 3 2 > 4 years and abrupt 54 3 2-4 years and gradual 23 4 2-4 years and abrupt, or < 2 years and gradual 266 NA NA SCCS.v42. Elimination- Encouragement of Control in Childhood Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=65; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 2 0 None 7 1 3-5 years 27 2 > 18 months 9 3 > 1 year 7 4 > 6 months 13 5 < 6 month 306 NA NA SCCS.v43. Covering Genitals- Age Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=147; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 11 0 Even adults uncovered 85 1 Very late 14 2 Late 2 3 > 1 year 1 4 < 6 months 34 5 After birth 224 NA NA SCCS.v44. Weaning- Age of Onset Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=156; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 19 1 up to 12 months 12 2 13 - 20 months 67 3 21 - 24 6 4 25 - 30 36 5 31 - 36 9 6 37 - 42 7 7 43 - 48 215 NA NA SCCS.v45. Weaning- Age of Termination Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=156; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 7 1 up to 12 months 5 2 13 - 20 38 3 21 - 24 8 4 25 - 30 64 5 31 - 36 16 6 37 - 42 14 7 43 - 48 4 8 49 - 60 215 NA NA SCCS.v46. Weaning- Childhood Developmental Order of Onset Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=159; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 7 1 1st in onset (among variables 46-50) 80 2 2nd 57 3 3rd 15 4 4th 212 NA NA SCCS.v47. Motor Skills- Childhood Developmental Order Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=176; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 121 1 1st 46 2 2nd 7 3 3rd 2 4 4th 195 NA NA SCCS.v48. Autonomy- Childhood Developmental Order Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=106; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 18 2 2nd 46 3 3rd 33 4 4th 9 5 5th 265 NA NA SCCS.v49. Elimination Control- Childhood Developmental Order Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=64; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 17 1 1st 31 2 2nd 10 3 3rd 5 4 4th 1 5 5th 307 NA NA SCCS.v50. Covering Genitals- Childhood Developmental Order Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=150; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 32 1 1st 9 2 2nd 34 3 3rd 45 4 4th 30 5 5th 221 NA NA SCCS.v51. Non-maternal Relationships, Infancy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 5 1 Almost Exclusively Mother 81 2 Principally Mother, others minor roles 63 3 Principally Mother, others important roles 10 4 Mother < 1/2 care 2 5 Mother minor but significant 1 6 Mother minimal except for nursing 209 NA NA SCCS.v52. Non-maternal Relationships, Early Childhood Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=136; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 36 2 Principally Mother, others important roles 60 3 Mother < 1/2 care 38 4 Primarily others 2 5 Exclusively others 235 NA NA SCCS.v53. Role of Father, Infancy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=154; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 8 1 Distant 27 2 Rarely close 72 3 Occasionally close 44 4 Frequently close 3 5 Regularly close 217 NA NA SCCS.v54. Role of Father, Early Childhood Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=150; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 4 1 Distant 18 2 Rarely Close 46 3 Occasionally Close 73 4 Frequently Close 9 5 Regularly Close 221 NA NA SCCS.v55. Principal Relationships, Infancy Caretakers and Companions Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=138; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 31 1 Children, Females 4 2 Children, unspecified 11 3 Children, both sexes 60 4 Adult Family, Females 14 6 Adult Family, both sexe 17 7 Others, Female 1 9 Others, both sexes 233 NA NA SCCS.v56. Principal Relationships, Early Childhood Caretakers and Companions Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=141; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 10 1 Peer Group, single sex 1 2 Peer Group, unspecified 43 3 Peer Group, both sexes 22 4 Older Children, single sex 8 5 Older Children, unspecified 22 6 Older Children, both sexes 14 7 Adults, single sex 21 9 Adults, both sexes 230 NA NA SCCS.v57. General Indulgence, Infancy (Taking 51 and 52 into Account) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=119; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 1 1 Severe or neglectful 8 2 Lesser severity 19 3 Occasional indulgence 80 4 Greater 11 5 Highly affectionate 252 NA NA SCCS.v58. General Indulgence, Infancy- Modifiers of General Scale Types Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=119; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 36 1 Low in category 34 2 Medium in category 49 3 High in category 252 NA NA SCCS.v59. General Indulgence, Early Childhood (Taking 51 and 52 into Account) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=132; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 2 1 Severe 24 2 Less Severity 32 3 Occasional Severity 64 4 Greater Leniency 10 5 Consistently Lenient 239 NA NA SCCS.v60. General Indulgence, Early Childhood- Modifiers of General Scale Types Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=132; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 43 1 Low in Category 44 2 Medium in Category 45 3 High in Category 239 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: George P. Murdock and Suzanne F. Wilson. 1972. Settlement Patterns and Community Organization: Cross Cultural Codes 3. Ethnology 11:254-295. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v61. Fixity of Settlement Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 28 1 Migratory 21 2 Seminomadic- fixed then migratory 6 3 Rotating among 2+ fixed 14 4 Semisedentary- fixed core, some migratory 15 5 Impermanent- periodically moved 102 6 Permanent 185 NA NA SCCS.v62. Compactness of Settlement Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 44 1 Compact 20 2 Dispersed 18 3 Spatially separated subsettlements 104 4 Partially dispersed with central core 185 NA NA SCCS.v63. Community Size Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 28 1 < 50 28 2 50-99 45 3 100-199 32 4 200-399 29 5 400-999 15 6 1,000-4,999 5 7 5,000-49,999 3 8 > 50,000 186 NA NA SCCS.v64. Population Density (from Murdock and Wilson Data) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=184; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 36 1 < 1 person per 5 sq. mile 22 2 1 person per 1-5 sq. mile 25 3 1-5 persons per sq. mile 27 4 1-25 persons per sq. mile 34 5 26-100 persons per sq. mile 21 6 101-500 persons per sq. mile 19 7 over 500 persons per sq. mile 187 NA NA SCCS.v65. Types of Dwelling Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=14 Freq Value Description 13 1 Conical 2 2 Beehive 11 3 Dome or hemispherical 5 4 Wedge-shape roof 6 5 Semicylindrical 24 6 Cone-cylinder 49 7 Rectangular on ground, vegetal material walls 18 8 Rectangular on piles 17 9 Rectangular on ground, mineral material walls 12 10 Flat roofs 9 11 Caves or rock shelters 9 12 Tents 8 13 Semisubterranean 3 14 Miscellaneous 185 NA NA SCCS.v66. Large or Impressive Structures Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 96 1 None 24 2 Residences of influential individuals 31 3 Secular or public building(s) 27 4 Religious or ceremonial building(s) 4 5 Military structure(s) 4 6 Economic or industrial building(s) 185 NA NA SCCS.v67. Household Form Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 6 1 Large communal structures 4 2 Multi-family dwellings 87 3 Single family dwellings 37 4 Family homestead 24 5 Multi-dwelling households, each with married pair 9 6 Multi-dwelling households, husband rotates among wives 3 7 Mother-child households, husbands separate 16 8 Multi-dwelling households, each dwelling occupied by individual married man or woman 185 NA NA SCCS.v68. Form of Family (See 79, 80) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=12 Freq Value Description 7 1 Monogamous, no polygyny 42 2 Monogamous, < 20 pct polygyny 26 3 Polygynous, > 20 pct 2 4 Polyandrous 9 5 Stem family, monogamy 7 6 Stem family, < 20 pct polygyny 10 7 Small extended, monogamy 30 8 Small extended, < 20 pct polygyny 19 9 Small extended, > 20 pct polygyny 5 10 Large extended, monogamy 17 11 Large extended, < 20 pct polygyny 12 12 Large extended, > 20 pct polygyny 185 NA NA SCCS.v69. Marital Residence Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 38 1 Matrilocal or uxorilocal - with wifes kin 8 2 Avunculocal - with husbands mothers brothers kin 118 3 Patrilocal or virilocal - with husbands kin 12 4 Ambilocal - with either wifes or husbands kin 9 5 Neolocal - separate from kin 186 NA NA SCCS.v70. Descent - Membership in Corporate Kinship Groups Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 26 1 Matrilineal - through female line 10 2 Double descent - separate groups through male and female lines 75 3 Patrilineal - through male line 6 4 Ambilineal - through one parent in each generation 69 5 Bilateral - not a corporate kin group 185 NA NA SCCS.v71. Descent Groups, Location of Core Gender Group Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 69 0 None - Bilateral 22 1 Localized lineages - in community, more than one per community 6 2 Clan communities - core group and spouses constitute community 89 3 Dispersed sibs - core group dispersed in different communities 185 NA NA SCCS.v72. Intercommunity Marriage Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 11 1 Local endogamy 90-100 pct 50 2 Local endogamy 61-89 pct (agamous) 51 3 Local endogamy 40-60 pct (agamous) 38 4 Local endogamy 11-39 pct (agamous) 35 5 Local endogamy 0-10 pct (exogamy) 186 NA NA SCCS.v73. Community Integration Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 6 1 Lacking or low compared to community segments or larger polity 26 2 By common residence only 16 3 Common Identity, dialect, subculture 78 4 Overlapping Kin ties 8 5 Common social or economic status 20 6 Common political ties 32 7 Common religious ties 185 NA NA SCCS.v74. Prominent Community Ceremonials Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 67 1 Rites of passage 69 2 Calendrical 36 3 Magical or religious 14 4 Individual sponsored and communally attended (e.g., potlatch) 185 NA NA SCCS.v75. Ceremonial Elements Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 54 1 Feasting and/or drinking 10 2 Exchanges other than food 51 3 Entertainment 57 4 Sacrifice other than human 13 5 Human sacrifice 1 6 Masochistic behavior 185 NA NA SCCS.v76. Community Leadership Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 13 1 No centralized local leadership 4 2 Higher level only 53 3 Single local leader 8 4 Dual/plural headmen 72 5 Single local leader and council 15 6 Local councils 11 7 Single local leader and subordinates 10 8 Too complex to be coded 185 NA NA SCCS.v77. Local Political Succession, Primary Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 17 1 No headman or council 11 2 By appointment 10 3 Seniority 2 4 Divination 37 5 Informal consensus 22 6 Electoral process 60 7 Patrilineal 14 8 Matrilineal 10 9 Hereditary with personal qualifications 188 NA NA SCCS.v78. Local Political Succession, Secondary Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 123 0 No auxiliary qualification 33 3 Seniority 22 5 Informal consensus 3 6 Electoral process 2 7 Patrilineal 188 NA NA SCCS.v79. Polygamy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 2 1 Polyandry - primarily monogamous with some plural husbands 31 2 Monogamy 96 3 Polygyny < 20 pct plural wives (if more frequent than polyandry) 57 4 Polygyny > 20 pct plural wives (if more frequent than polyandry) 185 NA NA SCCS.v80. Family Size Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 7 1 Nuclear Monogamous 70 2 Nuclear Polygynous 16 3 Stem Family 59 4 Small extended 34 5 Large extended 185 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Arthur Tuden and Catherine Marshall. 1972. Political Organization: Cross-Cultural Codes 4. Ethnology 11:436-464. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v81. Political Autonomy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=184; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 16 1 Dependent totally 41 2 Semi-autonomous 4 3 Tribute paid 78 4 De facto autonomy 16 5 Equal status in pluralistic society 29 6 Fully autonomous 187 NA NA SCCS.v82. Trend in Autonomy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=184; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 54 1 Declining autonomy 43 2 Declining territory or population control 49 3 State of equilibrium 22 4 State of equilibrium, expanding territory 16 5 Increasing autonomy 187 NA NA SCCS.v83. Levels of Sovereignty Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=184; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 98 1 Stateless society 31 2 Sovereignty 1st hierarchical level up 14 3 Sovereignty 2nd hierarchical level up 41 4 Sovereignty 3rd or higher hierarchical level 187 NA NA SCCS.v84. Higher Political Organization Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 85 1 Absent 28 2 Peace group 46 3 Alliances 7 4 Confederation 17 5 International organization 188 NA NA SCCS.v85. Executive Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 98 1 Absent 7 2 Council 22 3 Executive and Council 2 4 Plural executive 54 5 Single leader 188 NA NA SCCS.v86. Selection of Executive Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=179; Number of unique values=12 Freq Value Description 98 1 Absent 21 2 Patrilineal, Fa to So 3 3 Patrilineal, Fa to FaBr, then to So 5 4 Matrilineal, MoBr to SiSo 1 5 Matrilineal, MoBr to MoBr 24 6 Ruling family 1 7 Decision by limited power group 12 8 Elected by council 2 9 Informal recognition 6 10 Formal elections 5 11 Appointee of alien society 1 12 Divination 192 NA NA SCCS.v87. Deliberative and Consultative Bodies Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=181; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 154 1 Absent 5 2 Aristocrats 5 3 Appointed 9 4 By ethnic components 8 5 Elective 190 NA NA SCCS.v88. Advisory Bodies Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=181; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 98 1 Absence of sovereignty 28 2 Absent 13 3 Relatives of executive 2 4 Favorites of executive 14 6 Subordinate groups 3 7 Hereditary 23 8 Subordinate functionaries 190 NA NA SCCS.v89. Judiciary Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 103 1 Absent 6 2 Not local 49 3 Executive 23 4 Appointed by executive 1 5 Priesthood 1 6 Hereditary 188 NA NA SCCS.v90. Police Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 124 1 Not specialized 4 2 Incipient specialization 4 3 Retainers of chiefs 6 4 Military 42 5 Specialized 191 NA NA SCCS.v91. Administrative Hierarchy Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 98 1 Absent 7 2 Popular Assemblies 8 3 Heads of kin groups 38 4 Heads of decentralized territorial divisions 31 5 Heads of centralized territorial divisions 1 6 Part of centralized system 188 NA NA SCCS.v92. Selection of Subordinate Officials Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=177; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 98 1 Absent 16 2 Patrilineal succession 2 3 Matrilineal succession 12 4 Ruling lineage 2 5 Seniority of age 4 6 Personal qualities 10 7 Formal election 33 8 Appointment by executive 194 NA NA SCCS.v93. Political Power- Most Important Source Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 90 1 Direct subsistence production 11 2 Warfare wealth 3 3 Tribute or taxes 13 4 Slaves 20 5 Contributions of free citizens 12 6 Large land-holdings 14 7 Political office 6 8 Foreign Commerce 11 9 Capitalistic enterprises 3 10 Priestly services 188 NA NA SCCS.v94. Political Power- Second Most Important Source Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 111 0 No other source 5 2 Warfare wealth 4 3 Tribute or taxes 12 4 Slaves 7 5 Contributions of free citizens 5 6 Large land-holdings 8 7 Political office 19 8 Foreign Commerce 6 9 Capitalistic enterprises 6 10 Priestly services 188 NA NA SCCS.v95. Political Power- Third Most Important Source Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 142 0 No other source 6 2 Warfare wealth 1 3 Tribute or taxes 4 4 Slaves 1 6 Large land-holdings 14 7 Political office 9 8 Foreign Commerce 4 9 Capitalistic enterprises 2 10 Priestly services 188 NA NA SCCS.v96. Political Power- Fourth Most Important Source Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 167 0 No other source 3 2 Warfare wealth 1 3 Tribute or taxes 1 4 Slaves 2 5 Contributions of free citizens 6 7 Political office 2 8 Foreign Commerce 1 9 Capitalistic enterprises 188 NA NA SCCS.v97. Political Power- Fifth Most Important Source Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 178 0 No other source 2 4 Slaves 1 7 Political office 1 8 Foreign Commerce 1 10 Priestly services 188 NA NA SCCS.v98. Political Power- Sixth Most Important Source Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 181 0 No other source 1 3 Tribute or taxes 1 8 Foreign Commerce 188 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: George P. Murdock and Caterina Provost. 1973. Factors in the Division of Labor by Sex: A Cross-Cultural Analysis. Ethnology 12: 203-225. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v99. Food Collection: Vegetal (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=179; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 34 -1 Task Present, sex ? 10 0 Task absent 6 1 Males exclusively 4 2 Males predominant 18 3 Equally 42 4 Females predominant 65 5 Females exclusively 192 NA NA SCCS.v100. Food Collection: Insects, and/or Small Land Fauna (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=133; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 48 -1 Task Present, sex ? 18 0 Task absent 27 1 Males exclusively 3 2 Males predominant 9 3 Equally 13 4 Females predominant 15 5 Females exclusively 238 NA NA SCCS.v101. Food Collection: Shellfish/Small Aquatic Fauna (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 22 -1 Task Present, sex ? 85 0 Task absent 11 1 Males exclusively 4 2 Males predominant 1 3 Equally 12 4 Females predominant 27 5 Females exclusively 209 NA NA SCCS.v102. Food Collection: Honey (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=106; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 20 -1 Task Present, sex ? 38 0 Task absent 39 1 Males exclusively 5 2 Males predominant 2 3 Equally 2 5 Females exclusively 265 NA NA SCCS.v103. Food Collection: Fowling (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=157; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 2 -1 Task Present, sex ? 16 0 Task absent 131 1 Males exclusively 5 2 Males predominant 3 3 Equally 214 NA NA SCCS.v104. Food Collection: Fishing (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 10 -1 Task Present, sex ? 29 0 Task absent 83 1 Males exclusively 45 2 Males predominant 8 3 Equally 5 4 Females predominant 2 5 Females exclusively 189 NA NA SCCS.v105. Food Collection: Trapping (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 1 -1 Task Present, sex ? 20 0 Task absent 136 1 Males exclusively 12 2 Males predominant 1 3 Equally 1 4 Females predominant 200 NA NA SCCS.v106. Food Collection: Large Land Fauna (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 36 0 Task absent 139 1 Males exclusively 5 2 Males predominant 191 NA NA SCCS.v107. Food Collection: Large Aquatic Fauna (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=177; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 2 -1 Task Present, sex ? 127 0 Task absent 48 1 Males exclusively 194 NA NA SCCS.v108. Food Production: Land Clearance (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=184; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 1 -1 Task Present, sex ? 44 0 Task absent 95 1 Males exclusively 34 2 Males predominant 6 3 Equally 3 4 Females predominant 1 5 Females exclusively 187 NA NA SCCS.v109. Food Production: Soil Preparation (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=184; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 1 -1 Task Present, sex ? 49 0 Task absent 66 1 Males exclusively 27 2 Males predominant 14 3 Equally 17 4 Females predominant 10 5 Females exclusively 187 NA NA SCCS.v110. Food Production: Planting (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 44 0 Task absent 27 1 Males exclusively 35 2 Males predominant 33 3 Equally 26 4 Females predominant 20 5 Females exclusively 186 NA NA SCCS.v111. Food Production: Crop Tending (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 3 -1 Task Present, sex ? 48 0 Task absent 22 1 Males exclusively 23 2 Males predominant 24 3 Equally 30 4 Females predominant 32 5 Females exclusively 189 NA NA SCCS.v112. Food Production: Harvesting (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 44 0 Task absent 10 1 Males exclusively 37 2 Males predominant 34 3 Equally 34 4 Females predominant 26 5 Females exclusively 186 NA NA SCCS.v113. Food Production: Small Domestic Animals (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 70 -1 Task Present, sex ? 13 0 Task absent 19 1 Males exclusively 8 2 Males predominant 14 3 Equally 12 4 Females predominant 44 5 Females exclusively 191 NA NA SCCS.v114. Food Production: Large Domestic Animals (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=184; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 10 -1 Task Present, sex ? 76 0 Task absent 54 1 Males exclusively 24 2 Males predominant 14 3 Equally 3 4 Females predominant 3 5 Females exclusively 187 NA NA SCCS.v115. Food Production: Milking (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 10 -1 Task Present, sex ? 127 0 Task absent 15 1 Males exclusively 2 2 Males predominant 8 3 Equally 2 4 Females predominant 21 5 Females exclusively 186 NA NA SCCS.v116. Food Preparation: Vegetal: Food Preparation (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=178; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 2 -1 Task Present, sex ? 2 0 Task absent 3 1 Males exclusively 1 2 Males predominant 4 3 Equally 21 4 Females predominant 145 5 Females exclusively 193 NA NA SCCS.v117. Food Preparation: Butchering (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=167; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 16 -1 Task Present, sex ? 8 0 Task absent 122 1 Males exclusively 9 2 Males predominant 4 3 Equally 4 4 Females predominant 4 5 Females exclusively 204 NA NA SCCS.v118. Food Preparation: Preservation (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 64 -1 Task Present, sex ? 31 0 Task absent 18 1 Males exclusively 2 2 Males predominant 3 3 Equally 3 4 Females predominant 40 5 Females exclusively 210 NA NA SCCS.v119. Food Preparation: Drinks (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 42 -1 Task Present, sex ? 37 0 Task absent 15 1 Males exclusively 3 2 Males predominant 4 3 Equally 4 4 Females predominant 65 5 Females exclusively 201 NA NA SCCS.v120. Food Preparation: Dairy (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=178; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 20 -1 Task Present, sex ? 130 0 Task absent 4 1 Males exclusively 24 5 Females exclusively 193 NA NA SCCS.v121. Food Preparation: Cooking (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 1 -1 Task Present, sex ? 2 2 Males predominant 2 3 Equally 63 4 Females predominant 117 5 Females exclusively 186 NA NA SCCS.v122. Extractive Industries: Mining/Quarrying (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=147; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 6 -1 Task Present, sex ? 106 0 Task absent 31 1 Males exclusively 1 2 Males predominant 2 3 Equally 1 5 Females exclusively 224 NA NA SCCS.v123. Extractive Industries: Fuel Gathering (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=179; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 11 -1 Task Present, sex ? 1 0 Task absent 25 1 Males exclusively 12 2 Males predominant 12 3 Equally 24 4 Females predominant 94 5 Females exclusively 192 NA NA SCCS.v124. Extractive Industries: Lumbering (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 16 -1 Task Present, sex ? 14 0 Task absent 135 1 Males exclusively 4 2 Males predominant 202 NA NA SCCS.v125. Extractive Industries: Water Fetching (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 25 -1 Task Present, sex ? 4 1 Males exclusively 4 2 Males predominant 8 3 Equally 13 4 Females predominant 131 5 Females exclusively 186 NA NA SCCS.v126. Intermediate Processing: Skins (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=173; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 44 -1 Task Present, sex ? 48 0 Task absent 39 1 Males exclusively 4 2 Males predominant 2 3 Equally 5 4 Females predominant 31 5 Females exclusively 198 NA NA SCCS.v127. Intermediate Processing: Spinning (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=156; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 9 -1 Task Present, sex ? 56 0 Task absent 7 1 Males exclusively 3 2 Males predominant 4 3 Equally 5 4 Females predominant 72 5 Females exclusively 215 NA NA SCCS.v128. Intermediate Processing: Loom Weaving (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 1 -1 Task Present, sex ? 81 0 Task absent 24 1 Males exclusively 6 3 Equally 8 4 Females predominant 50 5 Females exclusively 201 NA NA SCCS.v129. Intermediate Processing: Smelting (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 125 0 Task absent 37 1 Males exclusively 209 NA NA SCCS.v130. Manufacturing: Matmaking (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=163; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 31 -1 Task Present, sex ? 29 0 Task absent 30 1 Males exclusively 4 2 Males predominant 9 3 Equally 5 4 Females predominant 55 5 Females exclusively 208 NA NA SCCS.v131. Manufacturing: Netmaking (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=155; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 45 -1 Task Present, sex ? 45 0 Task absent 42 1 Males exclusively 2 2 Males predominant 5 3 Equally 1 4 Females predominant 15 5 Females exclusively 216 NA NA SCCS.v132. Manufacturing: Basketmaking (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 19 -1 Task Present, sex ? 21 0 Task absent 37 1 Males exclusively 9 2 Males predominant 15 3 Equally 18 4 Females predominant 51 5 Females exclusively 201 NA NA SCCS.v133. Manufacturing: Rope or Cordage (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 56 -1 Task Present, sex ? 3 0 Task absent 62 1 Males exclusively 7 2 Males predominant 18 3 Equally 5 4 Females predominant 19 5 Females exclusively 201 NA NA SCCS.v134. Manufacturing: Leather (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=163; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 32 -1 Task Present, sex ? 57 0 Task absent 35 1 Males exclusively 3 2 Males predominant 2 3 Equally 5 4 Females predominant 29 5 Females exclusively 208 NA NA SCCS.v135. Manufacturing: Clothing (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=163; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 5 -1 Task Present, sex ? 36 0 Task absent 16 1 Males exclusively 4 2 Males predominant 11 3 Equally 13 4 Females predominant 78 5 Females exclusively 208 NA NA SCCS.v136. Manufacturing: Pottery (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 6 -1 Task Present, sex ? 61 0 Task absent 14 1 Males exclusively 5 2 Males predominant 6 3 Equally 6 4 Females predominant 74 5 Females exclusively 199 NA NA SCCS.v137. Manufacturing: Wood (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 17 -1 Task Present, sex ? 1 0 Task absent 159 1 Males exclusively 3 2 Males predominant 1 3 Equally 1 4 Females predominant 189 NA NA SCCS.v138. Manufacturing: Bone (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=140; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 44 -1 Task Present, sex ? 14 0 Task absent 71 1 Males exclusively 7 2 Males predominant 2 3 Equally 2 5 Females exclusively 231 NA NA SCCS.v139. Manufacturing: Stone (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=143; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 31 -1 Task Present, sex ? 39 0 Task absent 67 1 Males exclusively 6 3 Equally 228 NA NA SCCS.v140. Manufacturing: Metal (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=179; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 93 0 Task absent 85 1 Males exclusively 1 2 Males predominant 192 NA NA SCCS.v141. Manufacturing: Musical Instruments (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 74 -1 Task Present, sex ? 8 0 Task absent 83 1 Males exclusively 3 2 Males predominant 1 3 Equally 1 5 Females exclusively 201 NA NA SCCS.v142. Miscellaneous: Fire (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 96 -1 Task Present, sex ? 3 0 Task absent 40 1 Males exclusively 6 2 Males predominant 16 3 Equally 4 4 Females predominant 20 5 Females exclusively 186 NA NA SCCS.v143. Miscellaneous: Laundering (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=127; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 9 -1 Task Present, sex ? 52 0 Task absent 5 1 Males exclusively 4 3 Equally 8 4 Females predominant 49 5 Females exclusively 244 NA NA SCCS.v144. Miscellaneous: Bodily Mutilation (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=164; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 45 -1 Task Present, sex ? 13 0 Task absent 36 1 Males exclusively 4 2 Males predominant 48 3 Equally 6 4 Females predominant 12 5 Females exclusively 207 NA NA SCCS.v145. Miscellaneous: Bonesetting/Surgery (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=98; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 17 -1 Task Present, sex ? 37 0 Task absent 34 1 Males exclusively 6 2 Males predominant 4 3 Equally 273 NA NA SCCS.v146. Miscellaneous: Burden Carrying (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=155; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 6 -1 Task Present, sex ? 3 0 Task absent 18 1 Males exclusively 12 2 Males predominant 46 3 Equally 34 4 Females predominant 36 5 Females exclusively 216 NA NA SCCS.v147. Miscellaneous: Boatbuilding (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=175; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 5 -1 Task Present, sex ? 79 0 Task absent 84 1 Males exclusively 3 2 Males predominant 3 3 Equally 1 5 Females exclusively 196 NA NA SCCS.v148. Miscellaneous: Housebuilding (sexual division of labor) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 6 -1 Task Present, sex ? 1 0 Task absent 105 1 Males exclusively 30 2 Males predominant 14 3 Equally 9 4 Females predominant 20 5 Females exclusively 186 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Murdock, George P., and Catherine Provost. 1973. Measurement of Cultural Complexity. Ethnology 12:379-392. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v149. Scale 1- Writing and Records Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 73 1 None 49 2 Mnemonic devices 21 3 Nonwritten records 12 4 True writing; no records 31 5 True writing; records 185 NA NA SCCS.v150. Scale 2- Fixity of Residence Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 28 1 Nomadic 21 2 Seminomadic 20 3 Semisedentary 15 4 Sedentary; impermanent 102 5 Sedentary 185 NA NA SCCS.v151. Scale 3- Agriculture Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 38 1 None 17 2 10 pct food supply 11 3 10 pct ; secondary 63 4 Primary; not intensive 57 5 Primary; intensive 185 NA NA SCCS.v152. Scale 4- Urbanization Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 56 1 fewer than 100 persons 43 2 100-199 persons 33 3 200-399 persons 30 4 400-999 persons 24 5 1000 persons 185 NA NA SCCS.v153. Scale 5- Technological Specialization Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 39 1 None 27 2 Pottery only 31 3 Loom weaving only 56 4 Metalwork only 33 5 Smiths, weavers, potters 185 NA NA SCCS.v154. Scale 6- Land Transport Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 108 1 Human only 42 2 Pack animals 14 3 Draft animals 11 4 Animal-drawn vehicles 11 5 Automotive vehicles 185 NA NA SCCS.v155. Scale 7- Money Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 77 1 None 14 2 Domestically usable articles 43 3 Alien currency 27 4 Elementary forms 25 5 True money 185 NA NA SCCS.v156. Scale 8- Density of Population Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 58 1 less than 1 person/square mile 25 2 1-5 persons/square mile 28 3 5.1-25 persons/square mile 35 4 26-100 persons/square mile 40 5 100 persons/square mile 185 NA NA SCCS.v157. Scale 9- Political Integration Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 11 1 None 71 2 Autonomous local communities 47 3 1 level above community 28 4 2 levels above community 29 5 3 levels above community 185 NA NA SCCS.v158. Scale 10- Social Stratification Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 65 1 Egalitarian 52 2 Hereditary slavery 19 3 2 social classes, no castes/slavery 20 4 2 social classes, castes/slavery 30 5 3 social classes or castes, with or without slavery 158.1. SUM OF CULTURAL COMPLEXITY (v149-v158) 185 NA NA SCCS.v158.1. Sum of Complexity measures Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=40 Stat Value nobs 186 mean 27.823 min 10 max 50 sd 10.312 ============================================================ SOURCE: Gwen J. Broude and Sarah J. Greene. 1976. Cross-Cultural Codes on Twenty Sexual Attitudes and Practices. Ethnology 12: 409-429. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v159. Talk about Sex Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=60; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 18 1 Adults and adults talk explicitly 2 2 Except with children 13 3 Except with certain people 9 4 Only with intimates 18 5 Never 311 NA NA SCCS.v160. Sex Frequency in Marriage Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=66; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 11 1 No abstinence 40 2 Abstinence at times 6 3 Moderation 9 4 Abstinence admired 305 NA NA SCCS.v161. Sex Believed Dangerous Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=34; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 14 1 Absent 4 2 With specific categories 9 3 Only unusual practices 1 4 Only sexual secretions 6 5 Always 337 NA NA SCCS.v162. Foreplay Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=35; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 18 1 Present 4 2 Minimal 13 3 Absent 336 NA NA SCCS.v163. Age for Clothing- Male Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 6 1 Never 1 2 Adulthood 9 3 Puberty 19 4 Toddler to puberty 1 5 Toddler 3 6 At birth 332 NA NA SCCS.v164. Age for Clothing- Female Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=48; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 4 1 Never 2 2 Adulthood 7 3 Puberty 27 4 Toddler to puberty 5 5 Toddler 3 6 At birth 323 NA NA SCCS.v165. Premarital Sex Attitudes- Female Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=130; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 30 1 Expected 28 2 Tolerated 22 3 Mildly disapproved 11 4 Moderately disapproved 4 5 Disallowed 35 6 Strongly disapproved 241 NA NA SCCS.v166. Frequency of Premarital Sex- Male Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=102; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 60 1 Universal 18 2 Moderate 11 3 Occasional 13 4 Uncommon 269 NA NA SCCS.v167. Frequency of Premarital Sex- Female Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=109; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 51 1 Universal 19 2 Moderate 16 3 Occasional 23 4 Uncommon 262 NA NA SCCS.v168. Initiator of Premarital Sex Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=30; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 5 1 Women always 9 3 Both equally 5 4 Men more than women 11 5 Men always 341 NA NA SCCS.v169. Extramarital Sex Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=109; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 13 1 Single standard- both allowed 48 2 Double standard- husband only 24 3 Double standard- both forbidden, women punished more 24 4 Single standard- both condemned equally 262 NA NA SCCS.v170. Frequency of Extramarital Sex- Male Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=51; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 6 1 Universal 29 2 Moderate 6 3 Occasional 10 4 Uncommon 320 NA NA SCCS.v171. Frequency of Extramarital Sex- Female Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 6 1 Universal 23 2 Moderate 9 3 Occasional 15 4 Uncommon 318 NA NA SCCS.v172. Wifesharing Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=103; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 4 1 For any reason 11 2 Vis-a-vis specific group men 5 3 Vis-a-vis specific man 7 4 Occasionally for sex gratification 3 5 For husbands economic benefit 11 6 Aside from sex gratification 62 7 None 268 NA NA SCCS.v173. Rape Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 9 1 Accepted/ignored 4 2 Ridiculed 8 3 Mildly disapproved 18 4 Strongly disapproved 332 NA NA SCCS.v174. Frequency of Rape Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=31; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 8 1 Absent 10 2 Rare 13 3 Common 340 NA NA SCCS.v175. Male Sexual Aggressiveness Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=60; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 5 1 Men diffident, shy 7 2 Men sexually forward but not diffident 26 3 Men forward verbally 7 4 Men forward physically 6 5 Men forward; hostile occasionally 9 6 Men forward; hostile typically 311 NA NA SCCS.v176. Homosexuality Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 9 1 Accepted/ignored 4 2 None 6 3 Ridiculed, no punishment 4 4 Mildly disapproved 17 5 Strongly disapproved 331 NA NA SCCS.v177. Frequency of Homosexuality Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=69; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 40 1 Absent 29 2 Present 302 NA NA SCCS.v178. Impotence Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=37; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 7 1 No concern 30 2 Concern 334 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Whiting, John W. M. (New Codes: Not Previously Published). Referenced in "Winter temperature as a constraint to the migration of preindustrial peoples", Whiting, et al. American Anthropologist 84:279-298 (1982). The weather data is cited as coming from Walter, H., and H. Leith (1964) Klimadiagramm-Weltatlas, Jena: Gustav Fischer. ----------------------------------------------------------- These codes are taken from Climate maps, for weather stations closest to the time and place of each societal focus. SCCS.v179. Latitude of Weather Station Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=179; Number of unique values=59 Stat Value nobs 179 mean 23.469 min 1 max 71 sd 17.988 SCCS.v180. Latitude Hemisphere (for Weather Stations) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 128 1 North 52 2 South 191 NA NA SCCS.v181. Longitude of Weather Station Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique values=112 Stat Value nobs 180 mean 79.672 min 1 max 176 sd 47.724 SCCS.v182. Longitude Hemisphere (for Weather Stations) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 105 1 East 75 2 West 191 NA NA SCCS.v183. Altitude in Meters Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique values=136 Stat Value nobs 180 mean 453.6 min 0 max 3822 sd 675.411 SCCS.v186. Mean Annual Temperature (Xc) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique values=35 Stat Value nobs 180 mean 18.889 min -16 max 29 sd 9.854 SCCS.v187. Hottest Month Mean Temperature (Xc) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique values=29 Stat Value nobs 180 mean 24.394 min 4 max 46 sd 6.129 SCCS.v188. Coldest Month Mean Temperature (Xc) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique values=46 Stat Value nobs 180 mean 12.75 min -28 max 28 sd 14.544 SCCS.v189. Mean Annual Precipitation (mm) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=177; Number of unique values=165 Stat Value nobs 177 mean 1303.734 min 1 max 4819 sd 1011.52 SCCS.v190. Mean Daily Min Coldest Month (Xc) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=95; Number of unique values=40 Stat Value nobs 95 mean 2.821 min -61 max 24 sd 18.24 SCCS.v191. Mean Daily Max Hottest Month (Xc) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=31; Number of unique values=13 Freq Value Description 1 -2 Min 2 0 0 1 26 26 4 27 27 2 30 30 3 31 31 4 32 32 4 33 33 2 34 34 1 35 35 1 36 36 5 39 39 1 41 Max 340 NA NA SCCS.v192. Highest Precipitation in Wettest Month (mm) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique values=101 Stat Value nobs 180 mean 216.956 min 1 max 670 sd 149.462 SCCS.v193. Lowest Precipitation in Dryest Month (mm) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique values=68 Stat Value nobs 180 mean 34.411 min 0 max 295 sd 53.463 SCCS.v194. Wettest Month Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique values=11 Freq Value Description 11 1 Jan 2 3 March 6 4 Apr 12 5 May 20 6 June 39 7 July 38 8 Aug 23 9 Sept 15 10 Oct 6 11 Nov 8 12 Dec 191 NA NA SCCS.v195. Dryest Month Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique values=12 Freq Value Description 52 1 Jan 36 2 Feb 12 3 March 11 4 Apr 4 5 May 10 6 June 16 7 July 8 8 Aug 3 9 Sept 2 10 Oct 4 11 Nov 22 12 Dec 191 NA NA SCCS.v196. Number of Dry Months Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique values=13 Freq Value Description 70 0 None 8 1 1 13 2 2 10 3 3 19 4 4 13 5 5 15 6 6 10 7 7 8 8 8 1 9 9 3 10 10 1 11 11 9 12 12 191 NA NA SCCS.v197. Hottest Month Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique values=12 Freq Value Description 2 1 Jan 5 2 Feb 11 3 Mar 23 4 Apr 30 5 May 13 6 June 66 7 July 18 8 Aug 7 9 Sept 2 10 Oct 2 11 Nov 1 12 Dec 191 NA NA SCCS.v198. Coldest Month Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique values=11 Freq Value Description 117 1 Jan 14 2 Feb 1 3 Mar 1 4 Apr 4 6 June 7 7 July 8 8 Aug 1 9 Sept 2 10 Oct 1 11 Nov 24 12 Dec 191 NA NA SCCS.v199. Number of Frost Months Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 152 0 None 1 1 1 1 5 5 1 6 6 7 7 7 3 8 8 6 9 9 2 10 10 5 11 11 2 12 12 191 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Murdock, George P. 1962-1971. Installments in Ethnology. Ethnoatlas codes 200-291 were changed by J. Patrick Gray, 1998. World Cultures 10(1):86-136. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v203. Dependence on Gathering (Atlas 1) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 86 0 0 - 5 pct 51 1 6 - 15 pct 23 2 16 - 25 pct 9 3 26 - 35 pct 9 4 36 - 45 pct 4 5 46 - 55 pct 3 6 56 - 65 pct 1 8 76 - 85 pct 185 NA NA SCCS.v204. Dependence on Hunting (Atlas 3) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 63 0 0 - 5 pct 48 1 6 - 15 pct 33 2 16 - 25 pct 19 3 26 - 35 pct 11 4 36 - 45 pct 5 5 46 - 55 pct 3 6 56 - 65 pct 2 7 66 - 75 pct 1 8 76 - 85 pct 1 9 86 - 100 pct 185 NA NA SCCS.v205. Dependence on Fishing (Atlas 3) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 57 0 0 - 5 pct 54 1 6 - 15 pct 30 2 16 - 25 pct 14 3 26 - 35 pct 12 4 36 - 45 pct 11 5 46 - 55 pct 5 6 56 - 65 pct 1 7 66 - 75 pct 1 8 76 - 85 pct 1 9 86 - 100 pct 185 NA NA SCCS.v206. Dependence on Animal Husbandry (Atlas 4) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 77 0 0 - 5 pct 39 1 6 - 15 pct 29 2 16 - 25 pct 19 3 26 - 35 pct 7 4 36 - 45 pct 3 5 46 - 55 pct 2 6 56 - 65 pct 1 7 66 - 75 pct 4 8 76 - 85 pct 5 9 86 - 100 pct 185 NA NA SCCS.v207. Dependence on Agriculture (Atlas 5) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 44 0 0 - 5 pct 11 1 6 - 15 pct 4 2 16 - 25 pct 2 3 26 - 35 pct 16 4 36 - 45 pct 37 5 46 - 55 pct 38 6 56 - 65 pct 17 7 66 - 75 pct 13 8 76 - 85 pct 4 9 86 - 100 pct 185 NA NA SCCS.v208. Mode of Marriage (Atlas 6) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 71 1 Bride-Price or -Wealth, to brides family 24 2 Bride-Service, to brides family 16 3 Token Bride-price 15 4 Gift Exchange, reciprocal 9 5 Sister or Female Relative Exchanged for Bride 42 6 Absence of Consideration 9 7 Dowry, to bride from her family 185 NA NA SCCS.v209. Mode of Marriage (Alternate) (Atlas 7) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 9 1 Bride-Price or -Wealth, to brides family 15 2 Bride-Service, to brides family 4 3 Token Bride-price 3 5 Sister or Female Relative Exchanged for Bride 9 7 Dowry, to bride from her family 146 9 No Alternative 185 NA NA SCCS.v210. Domestic Organization (Atlas 8) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 14 1 Independent Nuclear Family, Monogamous 43 2 Independent Nuclear Family, occasional Polygyny 2 3 Independent Polyandrous Families 6 4 Polygynous: Unusual Co-wives Pattern (4, 6 below) 22 5 Polygynous: Usual Co-Wife Pattern (3, 5 below) 12 6 Minimal (stem) extended families 44 7 Small Extended Families 42 8 Large Extended Families 186 NA NA SCCS.v211. Composition of Domestic Group (Atlas 9 Combined) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 14 1 Independent Nuclear, Monogamous 43 2 Independent Nuclear, Occasional Polygyny 4 3 Preferentially Sororal, Cowives in same dwelling 1 4 Preferentially Sororal, Cowives separate dwellings 18 5 Non-Sororal, Cowives in separate dwellings 5 6 Non-Sororal, Cowives in same dwelling 2 7 Independent Polyandrous Families 98 8 Extended Family 186 NA NA SCCS.v212. Marital Composition within Extended Families (Atlas 9 Combined) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 21 1 Monogamy 39 2 Occasional or limited polygyny 12 3 Preferentially sororal, co-wives in same dwelling 1 4 Preferentially sororal, co-wives separate dwelling 16 5 Non-sororal, co-wives separate dwelling 9 6 Non-sororal polygyny, co-wives in same dwelling 87 7 Polyandry, or no extended family 88->87 186 NA NA SCCS.v213. Marital Residence with Kin: First Years (Atlas 10 Combined) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 1 1 Ambilocal: with either kin group 4 2 Nonestablishment of Common Household 32 3 Uxorilocal: with wifes parents 3 4 Virilocal: with husbands parents 145 5 Same as Prevalent Residence (#215) 186 NA NA SCCS.v214. Transfer of Residence at Marriage: First Years (Atlas 10 Combined) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 3 1 Wife to Husbands Group (7 in 213) 1 2 Couple to either Group or Neolocal (4 in 213) 32 3 Husband to Wifes Group (2 in 213) 4 4 No Common Residence (0 in 213) 145 5 Same as Prevalent Residence (#216) 186 NA NA SCCS.v215. Marital Residence with Kin: after First Years (Atlas 12) (Atlas 11) -> (Atlas 12) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 1 0 Nonestablishment of Common Household 16 1 Matrilocal: with wifes unilineal kin group 14 2 Uxorilocal: with wifes parents 1 3 Optional avuncu- or uxori-local 12 4 Bilocal: with either kin group 8 5 Avunculocal: with husbands mothers brother 1 6 Optional avuncu-, viri-, or patri-locality 48 7 Virilocal: with husbands parents 69 8 Patrilocal: with husbands unilineal kin group 15 9 Neolocal: independent of kin 186 NA NA SCCS.v216. Transfer of Residence at Marriage: after First Years (Atlas 11) (Atlas 12) -> (Atlas 11) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 126 1 Wife to Husbands Group (1,4,8,10 above) 28 2 Couple to either Group or Neolocal (2,3,6 above) 30 3 Husband to Wifes Group (5,9 above) 1 4 No Common Residence (9 above) 186 NA NA SCCS.v217. Marital Residence with Kin: Alternate Form Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 29 2 Uxorilocal: with wifes parents 1 3 Optional avuncu- or uxori-local 9 5 Avunculocal: with husbands mothers brother 17 7 Virilocal: with husbands parents 2 8 Patrilocal: with husbands unilineal kin group 22 9 Neolocal: independent of kin 105 10 Same as Prevalent Residence (#215) 186 NA NA SCCS.v218. Transfer of Residence at Marriage: Alternate Form (Atlas 13) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 28 1 Wife to Husbands Group (Patrilocal, Virilocal) 23 2 Couple to either Group or Neolocal (bilocal, optional patr-,-viri- or avuncu-,neolocal) 29 3 Husband to Wifes Group (Avunculocal, matrilocal, uxorilocal, optional avuncu- or uxori-) 105 4 Same as Prevalent Residence (#215) 186 NA NA SCCS.v219. Community Marriage Organization (Atlas 15) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 17 1 Demes (not segmented into clan barrios) 40 2 Segmented communities without local exogamy 67 3 Agamous communities 27 4 Exogamous communities (not clans) 2 5 Segmented communities (containing localized clans) with local exogamy 29 6 Clan communities (or clan barrios) 189 NA NA SCCS.v220. Community Marriage Organization (Alternate) (Atlas 16) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 3 2 Segmented communities without local exogamy 179 9 No secondary organization 189 NA NA SCCS.v221. Largest Patrilineal Kin Group (Atlas 17) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 104 1 None 17 3 Lineages in a Single Community 43 4 Sibs (Lineages in Multiple Communities) 15 5 Phratries (Maximally Extended Sibs) 6 6 Moieties 186 NA NA SCCS.v222. Largest Patrilineal Exogamous Group (If Different) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 13 3 Lineages in a Single Community 5 4 Sibs (Lineages in Multiple Communities) 167 9 No Difference 186 NA NA SCCS.v223. Largest Matrilineal Kin Group Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 144 1 None 3 2 Exogamous Group 7 3 Lineages in a Single Community 15 4 Sibs (Lineages in Multiple Communities) 5 5 Phratries (Maximally Extended Sibs) 11 6 Moieties 186 NA NA SCCS.v224. Largest Matrilineal Exogamous Group (If Different) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 2 3 Lineages in a Single Community 3 4 Sibs (Lineages in Multiple Communities) 180 9 No Difference 186 NA NA SCCS.v225. Cognatic Kin Groups Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 48 1 Bilateral descent 27 2 Kindreds: ego-oriented bilateral kin-groups 7 4 Ramages: ancestor oriented ambilineal groups 2 5 Exogamous ramages 4 6 Quasi-lineages: filiation based, not descent 97 9 No Secondary cognatic group 186 NA NA SCCS.v226. Secondary Cognatic Kin Group: Where Both Kindreds and Ramages Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 2 2 Kindreds: ego-oriented bilateral kin-groups 1 4 Ramages: ancestor oriented ambilineal groups 182 9 No Secondary cognatic group 186 NA NA SCCS.v227. Number of Cousin Marriages (Allowed) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=174; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 25 1 All four cousins 8 2 Three of four cousins 44 3 Two of four cousins (e.g., paternal) 6 4 One of four cousins (e.g., FaBrDa) 19 5 No first cousins 2 6 First and some second cousins excluded 27 7 No first, unknown for second 43 8 No first or second cousins 197 NA NA SCCS.v228. Number of Cousin Marriages (Preferred) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=174; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 12 1 All four cousins 1 2 Three of four cousins 36 3 Two of four cousins (e.g., paternal) 6 4 One of four cousins (e.g., FaBrDa) 4 5 No first cousins 2 6 First and some second cousins excluded 113 9 No preferential or prescriptive unions 197 NA NA SCCS.v229. Subtypes of Cousin Marriages (Allowed) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=174; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 1 2 Paternal (FBD if only one) 166 4 Other 1 6 Maternal 6 7 MoBrDa 197 NA NA SCCS.v230. Subtypes of Cousin Marriages (Preferred) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=174; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 5 1 FaSiDa 8 2 Paternal (FBD if only one) 25 4 Other 23 7 MoBrDa 113 9 No preferential or prescriptive unions 197 NA NA SCCS.v231. Kin Terms for Cousins Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 16 1 Descriptive terms, e.g. mothers brothers son 1 2 Sudanese: Siblings, cross and parallel cousins distinguished but not by descriptive terms 44 3 Iroquois: Cross cousins versus parallel are siblings 4 4 Mixed or deviant 14 5 Omaha: Generational merging; MoBrCh up; FaSCh down 15 6 Crow: Generational merging; MoBrCh down; FaSCh up 23 7 Eskimo: Cousins versus siblings 55 8 Hawaiian: Siblings plus cousins equated 199 NA NA SCCS.v232. Intensity of Cultivation Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 42 1 No agriculture 10 2 Casual agriculture, incidental to other subsistence modes 55 3 Extensive or shifting agriculture, long fallow, and new fields cleared annually 18 4 Horticulture, vegetal gardens or groves of fruit trees 32 5 Intensive agriculture, using fertilization, crop rotation, or other techniques to shorten or eliminate fallow period 29 6 Intensive irrigated agriculture 185 NA NA SCCS.v233. Major Crop Type Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 44 1 None or none specified 13 4 Tree fruits 38 5 Roots or tubers 91 6 Cereal grains 185 NA NA SCCS.v234. Settlement Patterns Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 26 1 Nomadic or fully migratory 24 2 Seminomadic 13 3 Semisedentary 3 4 Compact but impermanent settlements 20 5 Neighborhoods of dispersed family homesteads 17 6 Separated hamlets, forming a single community 75 7 Compact and relatively permanent settlements 8 8 Complex settlements 185 NA NA SCCS.v235. Mean Size of Local Communities Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=148; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 31 1 Fewer than 50 29 2 50-99 24 3 100-199 17 4 200-399 12 5 400-1000 4 6 1,000 without any town of more than 5000 10 7 One or more towns of 5,000-50,000 21 8 One or more cities of more than 50,000 223 NA NA SCCS.v236. Jurisdictional Hierarchy of Local Community Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 45 2 Two levels (theoretical minimum, e.g., family and band) 117 3 Three levels 24 4 Four levels (e.g., nuclear family, extended family, clan barrios, village levels) 185 NA NA SCCS.v237. Jurisdictional Hierarchy beyond Local Community Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=184; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 82 1 No levels (no political authority beyond community) 48 2 One level (e.g., petty chiefdoms) 23 3 Two levels (e.g., larger chiefdoms) 19 4 Three levels (e.g., states) 12 5 Four levels (e.g., large states) 187 NA NA SCCS.v238. High Gods Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=168; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 68 1 Absent or not reported 47 2 Present but not active in human affairs 13 3 Present and active in human affairs but not supportive of human morality 40 4 Present, active, and specifically supportive of human morality 203 NA NA SCCS.v239. Games { Can Also Be Expressed in a Semi-order or Partial Guttman Scale, as There Are Five Latent Classes or Dominant Scale Types: for P C S, These Are - - - + - - + + - + - + + + + } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=122; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 10 1 None of the three types 41 2 Physical skill 2 4 Strategy 40 5 Skill and chance 11 6 Skill and strategy 18 8 All 249 NA NA SCCS.v239.1. Presence of Games of Physical Skill { Dummy variable coded from v239 } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=122; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 12 0 No Games of Physical Skill 110 1 Games of Physical Skill 249 NA NA SCCS.v239.2. Presence of Games of Chance { Dummy variable coded from v239 } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=122; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 64 0 No Games of Chance 58 1 Games of Chance 249 NA NA SCCS.v239.3. Presence of Games of Strategy { Dummy variable coded from v239 } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=122; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 91 0 No Games of Strategy 31 1 Games of Strategy 249 NA NA SCCS.v240. Post-partum Sex Taboos Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=107; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 5 1 None 24 2 No longer than 1 month 33 3 1 to 6 months 8 4 6 months to 1 year 19 5 More than one year to two years 18 6 More than two years 264 NA NA SCCS.v241. Male Genital Mutilations Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 135 0 Absent 5 1 Within first two months after birth 1 2 Two months to two years 5 3 Two to five years 15 4 Six to ten years 16 5 11 to 15 years 2 6 16 to 25 years 1 8 After 50 years 3 9 Normal age unclear 188 NA NA SCCS.v242. Segregation of Adolescent Boys Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=155; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 106 1 Absence 19 2 Partial 8 3 Complete, with relatives outside nuclear family 4 4 Complete, with non-relatives 18 5 Complete, with peers 216 NA NA SCCS.v243. Animals and Plow Cultivation Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 153 1 Absent (no plow animals) 2 2 Not aboriginal but well established at period of observation 31 3 Prior to contract 185 NA NA SCCS.v244. Predominant Type of Animal Husbandry Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 54 1 Absence or near absence of large domestic animals 31 2 Pigs the only large domestic animals 15 3 Sheep and/or goats without larger domestic animals 10 4 Equine animals (horses, donkeys) 3 5 Deer (reindeer) 5 6 Camels, alpacas, or llamas 68 7 Bovine animals (cattle, mithun, water buffalo, yaks) 185 NA NA SCCS.v245. Milking of Domestic Animals Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 129 1 Little or no milking, or insufficient information 57 2 Milked more often than sporadically 185 NA NA SCCS.v246. Subsistence Economy { Roughly Equal to the Categories below for 858. Subsistence Type - Ecological Classification (858 Categories) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 15 1 Gathering 19 2 Fishing 12 3 Hunting, or Marine animals, or Mounted Hunting 16 4 Pastoral 60 6 Shifting Cultivation or Horticulture or Tree fruits 57 7 Intensive agriculture 7 8 Two or more sources contribute equally 185 NA NA SCCS.v247. Descent: Major Type (from Variables 121-126) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 59 1 Patrilineal 11 2 Duolateral 27 3 Matrilineal 4 4 Quasi-lineages 6 5 Ambilineal 64 6 Bilateral 14 7 Mixed 186 NA NA SCCS.v248. Sex Differences in Metal Working Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 79 1 Males alone or almost alone 1 2 Males appreciably more 1 7 Gender irrelevant, esp. industrialized 1 8 Activity present: sex partic. unspecified 101 9 Activity absent or unimportant 188 NA NA SCCS.v249. Sex Differences in Weaving Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=174; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 20 1 Males alone or almost alone 3 2 Males appreciably more 5 3 Differentiation but equal participation 1 5 Females appreciably more 47 6 Females alone or almost alone 9 8 Activity present: sex partic. unspecified 89 9 Activity absent or unimportant 197 NA NA SCCS.v250. Sex Differences in Leather Working Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=139; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 32 1 Males alone or almost alone 1 2 Males appreciably more 1 4 Equal partic. w/out marked differentiation 3 5 Females appreciably more 32 6 Females alone or almost alone 22 8 Activity present: sex partic. unspecified 48 9 Activity absent or unimportant 232 NA NA SCCS.v251. Sex Differences in Pottery Making Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 9 1 Males alone or almost alone 2 2 Males appreciably more 4 3 Differentiation but equal participation 2 4 Equal partic. w/out marked differentiation 2 5 Females appreciably more 73 6 Females alone or almost alone 1 7 Gender irrelevant, esp. industrialized 19 8 Activity present: sex partic. unspecified 58 9 Activity absent or unimportant 201 NA NA SCCS.v252. Sex Differences in Boat Building Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 73 1 Males alone or almost alone 5 2 Males appreciably more 1 6 Females alone or almost alone 19 8 Activity present: sex partic. unspecified 62 9 Activity absent or unimportant 211 NA NA SCCS.v253. Sex Differences in House Construction Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=150; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 90 1 Males alone or almost alone 18 2 Males appreciably more 17 3 Differentiation but equal participation 5 4 Equal partic. w/out marked differentiation 5 5 Females appreciably more 14 6 Females alone or almost alone 1 8 Activity present: sex partic. unspecified 221 NA NA SCCS.v254. Age or Occupational Specialization in Metal Working Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 76 3 Craft specialization 2 4 Industrialized specialization 105 9 Activity absent 188 NA NA SCCS.v255. Age or Occupational Specialization in Weaving Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=174; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 16 3 Craft specialization 1 4 Industrialized specialization 157 9 Activity absent 197 NA NA SCCS.v256. Age or Occupational Specialization in Leather Working Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=139; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 18 3 Craft specialization 121 9 Activity absent 232 NA NA SCCS.v257. Age or Occupational Specialization in Pottery Making Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 23 3 Craft specialization 1 4 Industrialized specialization 146 9 Activity absent 201 NA NA SCCS.v258. Age or Occupational Specialization in Boat Building Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 12 3 Craft specialization 148 9 Activity absent 211 NA NA SCCS.v259. Age or Occupational Specialization in House Construction Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=150; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 14 3 Craft specialization 136 9 Activity absent 221 NA NA SCCS.v260. Sex Differences in Gathering Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 3 1 Males alone or almost alone 4 2 Males appreciably more 3 3 Differentiation but equal participation 11 4 Equal partic. w/out marked differentiation 24 5 Females appreciably more 64 6 Females alone or almost alone 4 8 Activity present: sex partic. unspecified 49 9 Activity absent or unimportant 209 NA NA SCCS.v261. Sex Differences in Hunting Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=179; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 152 1 Males alone or almost alone 2 2 Males appreciably more 25 9 Activity absent or unimportant 192 NA NA SCCS.v262. Sex Differences in Fishing Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=173; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 65 1 Males alone or almost alone 43 2 Males appreciably more 10 3 Differentiation but equal participation 8 4 Equal partic. w/out marked differentiation 5 5 Females appreciably more 3 6 Females alone or almost alone 1 8 Activity present: sex partic. unspecified 38 9 Activity absent or unimportant 198 NA NA SCCS.v263. Sex Differences in Animal Husbandry Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=163; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 35 1 Males alone or almost alone 23 2 Males appreciably more 18 3 Differentiation but equal participation 13 4 Equal partic. w/out marked differentiation 4 5 Females appreciably more 12 6 Females alone or almost alone 2 8 Activity present: sex partic. unspecified 56 9 Activity absent or unimportant 208 NA NA SCCS.v264. Sex Differences in Agriculture Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=177; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 16 1 Males alone or almost alone 37 2 Males appreciably more 14 3 Differentiation but equal participation 25 4 Equal partic. w/out marked differentiation 37 5 Females appreciably more 5 6 Females alone or almost alone 43 9 Activity absent or unimportant 194 NA NA SCCS.v265. Age or Occupational Specialization in Gathering Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 1 1 Junior age specialization (before puberty) 161 9 Activity absent or unimportant 209 NA NA SCCS.v266. Age or Occupational Specialization in Hunting Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=179; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 1 1 Junior age specialization (before puberty) 8 3 Craft specialization 170 9 Activity absent or unimportant 192 NA NA SCCS.v267. Age or Occupational Specialization in Fishing Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=173; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 8 3 Craft specialization 165 9 Activity absent or unimportant 198 NA NA SCCS.v268. Age or Occupational Specialization in Animal Husbandry Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=163; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 4 1 Junior age specialization (before puberty) 1 3 Craft specialization 158 9 Activity absent or unimportant 208 NA NA SCCS.v270. Class Stratification Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 76 1 Absence among freemen 45 2 Wealth distinctions 3 3 Elite (based on control of land or other resources) 37 4 Dual (hereditary aristocracy) 25 5 Complex (social classes) 185 NA NA SCCS.v271. Class Stratification, Secondary Feature Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 3 2 Wealth distinctions 4 3 Elite (based on control of land or other resources) 4 4 Dual (hereditary aristocracy) 2 5 Complex (social classes) 173 9 No second type or absence of stratification 185 NA NA SCCS.v272. Caste Stratification (Endogamy) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=181; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 153 1 Absent or insignificant 18 2 Despised occupational group(s) 3 3 Ethnic stratification 7 4 Complex 190 NA NA SCCS.v273. Caste Stratification, Secondary Type Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=181; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 1 2 Despised occupational group(s) 1 3 Ethnic stratification 179 9 No second type or absence of stratification 190 NA NA SCCS.v274. Type of Slavery Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 100 1 Absence or near absence 27 2 Incipient or nonhereditary 9 3 Reported but type not identified 44 4 Hereditary and socially significant 191 NA NA SCCS.v275. Former Presence of Slavery Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 130 1 Absent or no difference from preceding column 50 2 Formerly present 191 NA NA SCCS.v276. Succession to the Office of Local Headman Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=163; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 59 1 Patrilineal heir 17 2 Matrilineal heir 5 3 Nonhereditary (appointed by higher authority) 7 4 Nonhereditary on basis of seniority or age 9 5 Nonhereditary through influence (wealth or social status) 24 6 Nonhereditary through election or other formal consensus 23 7 Nonhereditary through informal consensus 19 9 Absence of any such office 208 NA NA SCCS.v277. Succession to Office of Local Headman, Breakdown of Hereditary Succession Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=163; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 44 1 Hereditary by a son (patrilineal) 15 2 Hereditary by other patrilineal heir (e.g., YoBr) 8 3 Hereditary by a sisters son (matrilineal) 9 4 Hereditary by other matrilineal heir (e.g., YoBr) 87 9 Nonhereditary or absence of any such office 208 NA NA SCCS.v278. Inheritance of Real Property (Land) : Rule or Practice for Inheritance Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=155; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 59 1 Absence of individual property rights or rules 3 2 Matrilineal (sisters sons) 10 3 Other matrilineal heirs (e.g., younger brothers) 12 4 Children, with daughters receiving less 9 5 Children, equally for both sexes 8 6 Other patrilineal heirs (e.g., younger brothers) 54 7 Patrilineal (sons) 216 NA NA SCCS.v279. Inheritance of Movable Property: Rule or Practice for Inheritance Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=152; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 21 1 Absence of individual property rights or rules 5 2 Matrilineal (sisters sons) 9 3 Other matrilineal heirs (e.g., younger brothers) 14 4 Children, with daughters receiving less 22 5 Children, equally for both sexes 9 6 Other patrilineal heirs (e.g., younger brothers) 72 7 Patrilineal (sons) 219 NA NA SCCS.v280. Inheritance of Real Property: Distribution of Inheritance among Individuals of Same Category Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 54 1 Equal or relatively equal 6 2 Exclusively or predominantly to the one adjudged best qualified 4 3 Ultimogeniture (to the junior individual) 28 4 Primogeniture (to the senior individual) 279 NA NA SCCS.v281. Inheritance of Movable Property: Distribution of Inheritance among Individuals of Same Category Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=124; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 86 1 Equal or relatively equal 6 2 Exclusively or predominantly to the one adjudged best qualified 5 3 Ultimogeniture (to the junior individual) 27 4 Primogeniture (to the senior individual) 247 NA NA SCCS.v282. Norms of Premarital Sex Behavior of Girls Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=146; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 13 1 Early marriage of females (at or before puberty) 38 2 Insistence on virginity 37 3 Prohibited but weakly censured and not infrequent 16 4 Allowed, censured only if pregnancy results 5 5 Trial marriage, promiscuous relations prohibited 37 6 Freely permitted, even if pregnancy results 225 NA NA SCCS.v283. Prevailing Type of Dwelling: Ground Plan Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 1 1 Semicircular 58 2 Circular 6 3 Elliptical or elongated with rounded ends 108 5 Rectangular or square 9 6 Quadrangular around (if only partially) inner court 189 NA NA SCCS.v284. Prevailing Type of Dwelling: Floor Level Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=181; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 13 1 Subterranean or semi-subterranean (ignoring cellars) 138 2 Floor formed by ground 12 3 Elevated slightly or on raised platform 18 4 Raised substantially on piles, posts, or piers 190 NA NA SCCS.v285. Prevailing Type of Dwelling: Wall Material Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=122; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 12 1 Stone, stucco, concrete, or fired brick 19 2 Plaster, mud and dung, or wattle and daub 35 3 Wood, including logs, planks, poles, bamboo, or shingles 1 4 Bark 1 5 Hides or skin 6 6 Felt, cloth, or other fabrics 17 7 Mats, latticework, or wattle 14 8 Grass, leaves, or other thatch 17 9 Adobe, clay, or dried brick 249 NA NA SCCS.v286. Prevailing Type of Dwelling: Shape of Roof Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=176; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 10 1 Rounded or semi-cylindrical 20 2 Dome or hemisphere 7 3 Beehive with pointed peak 33 4 Conical 2 5 Semi-hemisphere 6 6 Shad (one slope) 14 7 Flat or horizontal 69 8 Gabled (two slopes) 15 9 Hipped or pyramidal (four slopes) 195 NA NA SCCS.v287. Prevailing Type of Dwelling: Roofing Materials Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=177; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 2 1 Stone or slate, or tile or fired brick 3 2 Plaster, clay, mud and dung, or wattle and daub 10 3 Wood, including logs, planks, poles, bamboo, or shingles 6 4 Bark 5 5 Hides or skin 5 6 Felt, cloth, or other fabric 9 7 Mats 118 8 Grass, leaves, brush, or other thatch 18 9 Earth or turf 1 10 Ice or snow 194 NA NA SCCS.v288. Secondary or Alternative House Type: Ground Plan Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=68; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 2 1 Semicircular 18 2 Circular 3 3 Elliptical or elongated with rounded ends 38 5 Rectangular or square 7 6 Quadrangular around (or partially around) an inner court 303 NA NA SCCS.v289. Secondary or Alternative House Type: Floor Level Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=67; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 1 1 Subterranean or semi-subterranean (ignoring cellars) 50 2 Floor formed by ground 8 3 Elevated slightly or on raised platform 8 4 Raised substantially on piles, posts, or piers 304 NA NA SCCS.v290. Secondary or Alternative House Type: Wall Material Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=42; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 8 1 Stone, stucco, concrete, or fired brick 5 2 Plaster, mud and dung, or wattle and daub 10 3 Wood, including logs, planks, poles, bamboo, or shingles 3 4 Bark 2 6 Felt, cloth, or other fabrics 3 7 Mats, latticework or wattle 3 8 Grass, leaves, or other thatch 8 9 Adobe, clay, or dried brick 329 NA NA SCCS.v291. Secondary or Alternative House Type: Shape of Roof Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=67; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 1 2 Dome or hemisphere 16 4 Conical 2 5 Semi-hemisphere 2 6 Shad (one slope) 7 7 Flat or horizontal 31 8 Gabled (two slopes) 8 9 Hipped or pyramidal (four slopes) 304 NA NA SCCS.v292. Secondary or Alternative House Type: Roofing Materials Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=66; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 3 1 Stone or slate, or tile or fired brick 1 2 Plaster, clay, mud and dung, or wattle and daub 3 3 Wood, incl. logs, planks, poles, bamboo, or shingles 1 4 Bark 5 5 Hides or skin 2 6 Felt, cloth or other fabric 4 7 Mats 42 8 Grass, leaves, brush, or other thatch 5 9 Earth or turf 305 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Herbert Barry III, Lili Josephson, Edith Lauer, and Catherine Marshall. 1976. Traits Inculcated in Childhood: Cross-Cultural Codes 5. Ethnology 15:83-114. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v293. Duration of Early Childhood Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=179; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 87 1 short (ending at about 7 years of age) 36 2 medium (ending at about 9 years of age) 56 3 long (ending at about 11 years of age or later) 192 NA NA SCCS.v294. Fortitude: Early Boy { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=140; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 17 2 (2 of 10) 16 3 (3 of 10) 11 4 (4 of 10) 61 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 24 6 (6 of 10) 3 7 (7 of 10) 6 8 (8 of 10) 2 9 (9 of 10) 231 NA NA SCCS.v295. Fortitude: Early Girl { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=131; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 1 1 (1 of 10) 19 2 (2 of 10) 17 3 (3 of 10) 13 4 (4 of 10) 60 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 15 6 (6 of 10) 1 7 (7 of 10) 3 8 (8 of 10) 2 9 (9 of 10) 240 NA NA SCCS.v296. Fortitude: Late Boy { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=155; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 3 2 (2 of 10) 5 3 (3 of 10) 10 4 (4 of 10) 40 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 49 6 (6 of 10) 14 7 (7 of 10) 24 8 (8 of 10) 8 9 (9 of 10) 2 10 extremely strong inculcation (10 of 10) 216 NA NA SCCS.v297. Fortitude: Late Girl { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=145; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 5 2 (2 of 10) 11 3 (3 of 10) 9 4 (4 of 10) 50 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 44 6 (6 of 10) 12 7 (7 of 10) 12 8 (8 of 10) 2 9 (9 of 10) 226 NA NA SCCS.v298. Aggression: Early Boy { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=133; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 6 1 (1 of 10) 25 2 (2 of 10) 14 3 (3 of 10) 7 4 (4 of 10) 40 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 28 6 (6 of 10) 1 7 (7 of 10) 8 8 (8 of 10) 3 9 (9 of 10) 1 10 extremely strong inculcation (10 of 10) 238 NA NA SCCS.v299. Aggression: Early Girl { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=118; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 7 1 (1 of 10) 30 2 (2 of 10) 15 3 (3 of 10) 10 4 (4 of 10) 30 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 17 6 (6 of 10) 2 7 (7 of 10) 5 8 (8 of 10) 1 9 (9 of 10) 1 10 extremely strong inculcation (10 of 10) 253 NA NA SCCS.v300. Aggression: Late Boy { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=148; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 4 1 (1 of 10) 9 2 (2 of 10) 11 3 (3 of 10) 9 4 (4 of 10) 40 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 43 6 (6 of 10) 5 7 (7 of 10) 19 8 (8 of 10) 6 9 (9 of 10) 2 10 extremely strong inculcation (10 of 10) 223 NA NA SCCS.v301. Aggression: Late Girl { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=128; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 5 1 (1 of 10) 16 2 (2 of 10) 17 3 (3 of 10) 10 4 (4 of 10) 37 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 26 6 (6 of 10) 5 7 (7 of 10) 10 8 (8 of 10) 1 9 (9 of 10) 1 10 extremely strong inculcation (10 of 10) 243 NA NA SCCS.v302. Competitiveness: Early Boy { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=111; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 6 0 no inculcation, or opposite trait (0 of 10) 21 2 (2 of 10) 15 3 (3 of 10) 9 4 (4 of 10) 38 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 18 6 (6 of 10) 2 7 (7 of 10) 2 9 (9 of 10) 260 NA NA SCCS.v303. Competitiveness: Early Girl { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=106; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 6 0 no inculcation, or opposite trait (0 of 10) 21 2 (2 of 10) 15 3 (3 of 10) 9 4 (4 of 10) 35 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 18 6 (6 of 10) 1 7 (7 of 10) 1 9 (9 of 10) 265 NA NA SCCS.v304. Competitiveness: Late Boy { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 5 0 no inculcation, or opposite trait (0 of 10) 15 2 (2 of 10) 18 3 (3 of 10) 9 4 (4 of 10) 42 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 30 6 (6 of 10) 2 7 (7 of 10) 11 8 (8 of 10) 3 9 (9 of 10) 236 NA NA SCCS.v305. Competitiveness: Late Girl { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=126; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 5 0 no inculcation, or opposite trait (0 of 10) 17 2 (2 of 10) 16 3 (3 of 10) 10 4 (4 of 10) 44 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 25 6 (6 of 10) 1 7 (7 of 10) 7 8 (8 of 10) 1 9 (9 of 10) 245 NA NA SCCS.v306. Self-reliance: Early Boy { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=155; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 1 0 no inculcation, or opposite trait (0 of 10) 7 1 (1 of 10) 39 2 (2 of 10) 27 3 (3 of 10) 9 4 (4 of 10) 42 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 16 6 (6 of 10) 2 7 (7 of 10) 10 8 (8 of 10) 2 9 (9 of 10) 216 NA NA SCCS.v307. Self-reliance: Early Girl { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=153; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 2 0 no inculcation, or opposite trait (0 of 10) 8 1 (1 of 10) 48 2 (2 of 10) 29 3 (3 of 10) 11 4 (4 of 10) 35 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 12 6 (6 of 10) 4 7 (7 of 10) 4 8 (8 of 10) 218 NA NA SCCS.v308. Self-reliance: Late Boy { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 4 1 (1 of 10) 6 2 (2 of 10) 5 3 (3 of 10) 5 4 (4 of 10) 34 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 39 6 (6 of 10) 6 7 (7 of 10) 49 8 (8 of 10) 11 9 (9 of 10) 1 10 extremely strong inculcation (10 of 10) 211 NA NA SCCS.v309. Self-reliance: Late Girl { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=153; Number of unique values=11 Freq Value Description 1 0 no inculcation, or opposite trait (0 of 10) 5 1 (1 of 10) 10 2 (2 of 10) 15 3 (3 of 10) 10 4 (4 of 10) 48 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 34 6 (6 of 10) 6 7 (7 of 10) 19 8 (8 of 10) 4 9 (9 of 10) 1 10 extremely strong inculcation (10 of 10) 218 NA NA SCCS.v310. Achievement: Early Boy { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=146; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 1 0 no inculcation, or opposite trait (0 of 10) 3 1 (1 of 10) 49 2 (2 of 10) 23 3 (3 of 10) 4 4 (4 of 10) 44 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 17 6 (6 of 10) 1 7 (7 of 10) 3 8 (8 of 10) 1 9 (9 of 10) 225 NA NA SCCS.v311. Achievement: Early Girl { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=136; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 1 0 no inculcation, or opposite trait (0 of 10) 2 1 (1 of 10) 49 2 (2 of 10) 24 3 (3 of 10) 4 4 (4 of 10) 36 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 17 6 (6 of 10) 1 7 (7 of 10) 2 8 (8 of 10) 235 NA NA SCCS.v312. Achievement: Late Boy { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 1 1 (1 of 10) 14 2 (2 of 10) 16 3 (3 of 10) 8 4 (4 of 10) 46 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 47 6 (6 of 10) 3 7 (7 of 10) 22 8 (8 of 10) 5 9 (9 of 10) 209 NA NA SCCS.v313. Achievement: Late Girl { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=152; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 2 1 (1 of 10) 7 2 (2 of 10) 16 3 (3 of 10) 8 4 (4 of 10) 50 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 45 6 (6 of 10) 4 7 (7 of 10) 18 8 (8 of 10) 2 9 (9 of 10) 219 NA NA SCCS.v314. Industry: Early Boy { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=166; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 4 0 no inculcation, or opposite trait (0 of 10) 10 1 (1 of 10) 83 2 (2 of 10) 28 3 (3 of 10) 14 4 (4 of 10) 20 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 6 6 (6 of 10) 1 8 (8 of 10) 205 NA NA SCCS.v315. Industry: Early Girl { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=165; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 3 0 no inculcation, or opposite trait (0 of 10) 3 1 (1 of 10) 62 2 (2 of 10) 35 3 (3 of 10) 13 4 (4 of 10) 35 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 14 6 (6 of 10) 206 NA NA SCCS.v316. Industry: Late Boy { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=175; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 1 1 (1 of 10) 10 2 (2 of 10) 17 3 (3 of 10) 16 4 (4 of 10) 69 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 37 6 (6 of 10) 3 7 (7 of 10) 19 8 (8 of 10) 3 9 (9 of 10) 196 NA NA SCCS.v317. Industry: Late Girl { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=175; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 4 2 (2 of 10) 11 3 (3 of 10) 6 4 (4 of 10) 41 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 63 6 (6 of 10) 8 7 (7 of 10) 38 8 (8 of 10) 4 9 (9 of 10) 196 NA NA SCCS.v318. Responsibility: Early Boy { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=151; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 11 0 no inculcation, or opposite trait (0 of 10) 8 1 (1 of 10) 73 2 (2 of 10) 23 3 (3 of 10) 6 4 (4 of 10) 21 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 8 6 (6 of 10) 1 8 (8 of 10) 220 NA NA SCCS.v319. Responsibility: Early Girl { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=150; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 4 0 no inculcation, or opposite trait (0 of 10) 5 1 (1 of 10) 63 2 (2 of 10) 32 3 (3 of 10) 5 4 (4 of 10) 33 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 7 6 (6 of 10) 1 8 (8 of 10) 221 NA NA SCCS.v320. Responsibility: Late Boy { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 3 0 no inculcation, or opposite trait (0 of 10) 15 2 (2 of 10) 20 3 (3 of 10) 15 4 (4 of 10) 49 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 37 6 (6 of 10) 2 7 (7 of 10) 19 8 (8 of 10) 1 9 (9 of 10) 210 NA NA SCCS.v321. Responsibility: Late Girl { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=158; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 3 2 (2 of 10) 11 3 (3 of 10) 12 4 (4 of 10) 50 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 51 6 (6 of 10) 3 7 (7 of 10) 28 8 (8 of 10) 213 NA NA SCCS.v322. Obedience: Early Boy { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique values=11 Freq Value Description 2 0 no inculcation, or opposite trait (0 of 10) 3 1 (1 of 10) 27 2 (2 of 10) 11 3 (3 of 10) 14 4 (4 of 10) 45 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 27 6 (6 of 10) 2 7 (7 of 10) 22 8 (8 of 10) 4 9 (9 of 10) 3 10 extremely strong inculcation (10 of 10) 211 NA NA SCCS.v323. Obedience: Early Girl { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 3 1 (1 of 10) 23 2 (2 of 10) 13 3 (3 of 10) 11 4 (4 of 10) 44 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 31 6 (6 of 10) 2 7 (7 of 10) 25 8 (8 of 10) 5 9 (9 of 10) 4 10 extremely strong inculcation (10 of 10) 210 NA NA SCCS.v324. Obedience: Late Boy { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique values=11 Freq Value Description 1 0 no inculcation, or opposite trait (0 of 10) 1 1 (1 of 10) 15 2 (2 of 10) 10 3 (3 of 10) 12 4 (4 of 10) 45 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 33 6 (6 of 10) 2 7 (7 of 10) 32 8 (8 of 10) 8 9 (9 of 10) 3 10 extremely strong inculcation (10 of 10) 209 NA NA SCCS.v325. Obedience: Late Girl { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 10 2 (2 of 10) 10 3 (3 of 10) 11 4 (4 of 10) 45 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 36 6 (6 of 10) 3 7 (7 of 10) 32 8 (8 of 10) 11 9 (9 of 10) 4 10 extremely strong inculcation (10 of 10) 209 NA NA SCCS.v326. Self-restraint: Early Boy { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=134; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 6 1 (1 of 10) 38 2 (2 of 10) 35 3 (3 of 10) 5 4 (4 of 10) 29 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 13 6 (6 of 10) 8 8 (8 of 10) 237 NA NA SCCS.v327. Self-restraint: Early Girl { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=133; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 7 1 (1 of 10) 32 2 (2 of 10) 31 3 (3 of 10) 7 4 (4 of 10) 34 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 14 6 (6 of 10) 7 8 (8 of 10) 1 9 (9 of 10) 238 NA NA SCCS.v328. Self-restraint: Late Boy { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 1 1 (1 of 10) 19 2 (2 of 10) 19 3 (3 of 10) 12 4 (4 of 10) 35 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 26 6 (6 of 10) 2 7 (7 of 10) 20 8 (8 of 10) 1 9 (9 of 10) 236 NA NA SCCS.v329. Self-restraint: Late Girl { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=132; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 1 1 (1 of 10) 16 2 (2 of 10) 16 3 (3 of 10) 11 4 (4 of 10) 45 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 26 6 (6 of 10) 1 7 (7 of 10) 13 8 (8 of 10) 3 9 (9 of 10) 239 NA NA SCCS.v330. Sexual Restraint: Early Boy { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=156; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 1 0 no inculcation, or opposite trait (0 of 10) 14 1 (1 of 10) 67 2 (2 of 10) 22 3 (3 of 10) 14 4 (4 of 10) 30 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 7 6 (6 of 10) 1 8 (8 of 10) 215 NA NA SCCS.v331. Sexual Restraint: Early Girl { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=154; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 1 0 no inculcation, or opposite trait (0 of 10) 11 1 (1 of 10) 57 2 (2 of 10) 19 3 (3 of 10) 14 4 (4 of 10) 32 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 14 6 (6 of 10) 1 7 (7 of 10) 5 8 (8 of 10) 217 NA NA SCCS.v332. Sexual Restraint: Late Boy { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=164; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 7 1 (1 of 10) 41 2 (2 of 10) 27 3 (3 of 10) 25 4 (4 of 10) 41 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 15 6 (6 of 10) 2 7 (7 of 10) 6 8 (8 of 10) 207 NA NA SCCS.v333. Sexual Restraint: Late Girl { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=165; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 4 1 (1 of 10) 32 2 (2 of 10) 18 3 (3 of 10) 25 4 (4 of 10) 24 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 27 6 (6 of 10) 6 7 (7 of 10) 18 8 (8 of 10) 5 9 (9 of 10) 6 10 extremely strong inculcation (10 of 10) 206 NA NA SCCS.v334. Generosity { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 1 1 (1 of 10) 4 2 (2 of 10) 6 3 (3 of 10) 4 4 (4 of 10) 24 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 31 6 (6 of 10) 2 7 (7 of 10) 27 8 (8 of 10) 4 9 (9 of 10) 1 10 extremely strong inculcation (10 of 10) 267 NA NA SCCS.v335. Trust { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=138; Number of unique values=11 Freq Value Description 1 0 no inculcation, or opposite trait (0 of 10) 6 1 (1 of 10) 19 2 (2 of 10) 5 3 (3 of 10) 15 4 (4 of 10) 34 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 18 6 (6 of 10) 11 7 (7 of 10) 25 8 (8 of 10) 3 9 (9 of 10) 1 10 extremely strong inculcation (10 of 10) 233 NA NA SCCS.v336. Honesty { (Higher values represent stronger inculcation) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique values=11 Freq Value Description 1 0 no inculcation, or opposite trait (0 of 10) 5 1 (1 of 10) 18 2 (2 of 10) 15 3 (3 of 10) 13 4 (4 of 10) 28 5 moderately strong inculcation (5 of 10) 15 6 (6 of 10) 5 7 (7 of 10) 8 8 (8 of 10) 1 9 (9 of 10) 1 10 extremely strong inculcation (10 of 10) 261 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Barry, Herbert,III, Lili Josephson, Edith Lauer, and Catherine Marshall. 1977. Agents and Techniques for Child Training: Cross-Cultural Codes 6. Ethnology 16: 191-230 ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v337. Importance of Non-family Companions: Early Boy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 2 1 Parents predominantly 11 2 Siblings; not other children 104 3 Primarily siblings, secondarily other children 45 4 Primarily other children, secondarily siblings 18 5 Other children; not siblings 191 NA NA SCCS.v338. Importance of Non-family Companions: Early Girl Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 2 1 Parents predominantly 12 2 Siblings; not other children 105 3 Primarily siblings, secondarily other children 44 4 Primarily other children, secondarily siblings 17 5 Other children; not siblings 191 NA NA SCCS.v339. Importance of Non-family Companions: Late Boy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 1 1 Parents predominantly 3 2 Siblings; not other children 80 3 Primarily siblings, secondarily other children 47 4 Primarily other children, secondarily siblings 49 5 Other children; not siblings 191 NA NA SCCS.v340. Importance of Non-family Companions: Late Girl Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=178; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 1 1 Parents predominantly 8 2 Siblings; not other children 91 3 Primarily siblings, secondarily other children 37 4 Primarily other children, secondarily siblings 41 5 Other children; not siblings 193 NA NA SCCS.v341. Sex of Companions: Early Boy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 6 1 Male exclusively 62 2 Male predominantly 111 3 Both sexes equally 1 4 Female predominantly 191 NA NA SCCS.v342. Sex of Companions: Early Girl Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 112 3 Both sexes equally 62 4 Female predominantly 6 5 Female exclusively 191 NA NA SCCS.v343. Sex of Companions: Late Boy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 58 1 Male exclusively 90 2 Male predominantly 31 3 Both sexes equally 1 4 Female predominantly 191 NA NA SCCS.v344. Sex of Companions: Late Girl Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=178; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 1 2 Male predominantly 32 3 Both sexes equally 84 4 Female predominantly 61 5 Female exclusively 193 NA NA SCCS.v345. Importance of Non-parent in Residence: Early Boy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 56 1 Exclusively parental 63 2 Single atypical or occasional category of non-parent 7 3 Two or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent 39 4 Single category that typical and frequent but less important than parents 14 5 Two or more categories, at least oneof which typical and frequent, but less important than parents 3 6 More typical and frequent than parents 189 NA NA SCCS.v346. Importance of Non-parent in Residence: Early Girl Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 62 1 Exclusively parental 67 2 Single atypical or occasional category of non-parent 10 3 Two or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent 28 4 Single category that typical and frequent but less important than parents 12 5 Two or more categories, at least oneof which typical and frequent, but less important than parents 3 6 More typical and frequent than parents 189 NA NA SCCS.v347. Importance of Non-parent in Residence: Late Boy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 44 1 Exclusively parental 52 2 Single atypical or occasional category of non-parent 4 3 Two or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent 34 4 Single category that typical and frequent but less important than parents 19 5 Two or more categories, at least oneof which typical and frequent, but less important than parents 5 6 More typical and frequent than parents 24 7 Exclusively non-parental 189 NA NA SCCS.v348. Importance of Non-parent in Residence: Late Girl Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 48 1 Exclusively parental 67 2 Single atypical or occasional category of non-parent 11 3 Two or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent 25 4 Single category that typical and frequent but less important than parents 14 5 Two or more categories, at least oneof which typical and frequent, but less important than parents 3 6 More typical and frequent than parents 14 7 Exclusively non-parental 189 NA NA SCCS.v349. Principal Category of Non-parental Agent: Early Boy Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=126; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 100 1 Foster parent 7 3 Grandparent 4 4 Uncle (mothers brother only) 10 5 Relative (including fathers brother) 2 6 Child 3 7 Nonrelative 245 NA NA SCCS.v350. Principal Category of Non-parental Agent: Early Girl Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=120; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 90 1 Foster parent 9 3 Grandparent 2 4 Uncle (mothers brother only) 7 5 Relative (including fathers brother) 3 6 Child 9 7 Nonrelative 251 NA NA SCCS.v351. Principal Category of Non-parental Agent: Late Boy Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=138; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 77 1 Foster parent 4 3 Grandparent 5 4 Uncle (mothers brother only) 15 5 Relative (including fathers brother) 21 6 Child 12 7 Nonrelative 4 9 Independence of child; no agent 233 NA NA SCCS.v352. Principal Category of Non-parental Agent: Late Girl Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 74 1 Foster parent 12 3 Grandparent 2 4 Uncle (mothers brother only) 13 5 Relative (including fathers brother) 10 6 Child 23 7 Nonrelative 1 9 Independence of child; no agent 236 NA NA SCCS.v353. Sex of Parents in Residence: Early Boy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 2 2 Male predominantly 135 3 Both sexes equally 22 4 Female predominantly 23 5 Female exclusively 189 NA NA SCCS.v354. Sex of Parents in Residence: Early Girl Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 1 2 Male predominantly 135 3 Both sexes equally 21 4 Female predominantly 25 5 Female exclusively 189 NA NA SCCS.v355. Sex of Parents in Residence: Late Boy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=158; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 9 1 Male exclusively 1 2 Male predominantly 124 3 Both sexes equally 13 4 Female predominantly 11 5 Female exclusively 213 NA NA SCCS.v356. Sex of Parents in Residence: Late Girl Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=168; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 1 2 Male predominantly 127 3 Both sexes equally 16 4 Female predominantly 24 5 Female exclusively 203 NA NA SCCS.v357. Sex of Non-parents in Residence: Early Boy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=125; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 8 1 Male exclusively 1 2 Male predominantly 114 3 Both sexes equally 2 5 Female exclusively 246 NA NA SCCS.v358. Sex of Non-parents in Residence: Early Girl Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=121; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 4 1 Male exclusively 107 3 Both sexes equally 1 4 Female predominantly 9 5 Female exclusively 250 NA NA SCCS.v359. Sex of Non-parents in Residence: Late Boy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=134; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 33 1 Male exclusively 1 2 Male predominantly 98 3 Both sexes equally 2 5 Female exclusively 237 NA NA SCCS.v360. Sex of Non-parents in Residence: Late Girl Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=133; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 9 1 Male exclusively 1 2 Male predominantly 105 3 Both sexes equally 18 5 Female exclusively 238 NA NA SCCS.v361. Non-parental Involvement in Child Caring: Early Boy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=179; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 33 1 Exclusively parental 19 2 Single atypical or occasional category of non-parent 21 3 Two or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent 26 4 Single category that typical and frequent but less important than parents 57 5 Two or more categories, at least one of which typical and frequent, but less important than parents 17 6 More typical and frequent than parents 6 7 Exclusively non-parental 192 NA NA SCCS.v362. Non-parental Involvement in Child Caring: Early Girl Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 35 1 Exclusively parental 19 2 Single atypical or occasional category of non-parent 21 3 Two or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent 24 4 Single category that typical and frequent but less important than parents 59 5 Two or more categories, at least one of which typical and frequent, but less important than parents 17 6 More typical and frequent than parents 5 7 Exclusively non-parental 191 NA NA SCCS.v363. Non-parental Involvement in Child Caring: Late Boy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 34 1 Exclusively parental 13 2 Single atypical or occasional category of non-parent 17 3 Two or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent 24 4 Single category that typical and frequent but less important than parents 35 5 Two or more categories, at least one of which typical and frequent, but less important than parents 9 6 More typical and frequent than parents 28 7 Exclusively non-parental 211 NA NA SCCS.v364. Non-parental Involvement in Child Caring: Late Girl Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=163; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 39 1 Exclusively parental 14 2 Single atypical or occasional category of non-parent 19 3 Two or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent 22 4 Single category that typical and frequent but less important than parents 41 5 Two or more categories, at least one of which typical and frequent, but less important than parents 10 6 More typical and frequent than parents 18 7 Exclusively non-parental 208 NA NA SCCS.v365. Principal Category of Non-parental Caretaker: Early Boy Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=146; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 58 2 Sibling 38 3 Grandparent 4 4 Uncle (mothers brother only) 18 5 Relative (including fathers brother) 4 6 Child 22 7 Nonrelative 1 8 Teacher 1 9 No agent 225 NA NA SCCS.v366. Principal Category of Non-parental Caretaker: Early Girl Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=145; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 59 2 Sibling 39 3 Grandparent 1 4 Uncle (mothers brother only) 17 5 Relative (including fathers brother) 4 6 Child 24 7 Nonrelative 1 9 No agent 226 NA NA SCCS.v367. Principal Category of Non-parental Caretaker: Late Boy Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=127; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 40 2 Sibling 26 3 Grandparent 2 4 Uncle (mothers brother only) 13 5 Relative (including fathers brother) 4 6 Child 18 7 Nonrelative 1 8 Teacher 23 9 No agent 244 NA NA SCCS.v368. Principal Category of Non-parental Caretaker: Late Girl Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=123; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 42 2 Sibling 32 3 Grandparent 2 4 Uncle (mothers brother only) 14 5 Relative (including fathers brother) 2 6 Child 19 7 Nonrelative 1 8 Teacher 11 9 No agent 248 NA NA SCCS.v369. Sex of Parental Caretakers: Early Boy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=173; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 1 1 Male exclusively 4 2 Male predominantly 26 3 Both sexes equally 38 4 Female predominantly 104 5 Female exclusively 198 NA NA SCCS.v370. Sex of Parental Caretakers: Early Girl Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=175; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 2 1 Male exclusively 2 2 Male predominantly 25 3 Both sexes equally 29 4 Female predominantly 117 5 Female exclusively 196 NA NA SCCS.v371. Sex of Parental Caretakers: Late Boy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=132; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 11 1 Male exclusively 3 2 Male predominantly 17 3 Both sexes equally 22 4 Female predominantly 79 5 Female exclusively 239 NA NA SCCS.v372. Sex of Parental Caretakers: Late Girl Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=145; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 2 1 Male exclusively 1 2 Male predominantly 17 3 Both sexes equally 22 4 Female predominantly 103 5 Female exclusively 226 NA NA SCCS.v373. Sex of Principal Non-parental Caretakers: Early Boy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=145; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 5 1 Male exclusively 4 2 Male predominantly 59 3 Both sexes equally 12 4 Female predominantly 65 5 Female exclusively 226 NA NA SCCS.v374. Sex of Principal Non-parental Caretakers: Early Girl Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=144; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 2 1 Male exclusively 2 2 Male predominantly 54 3 Both sexes equally 11 4 Female predominantly 75 5 Female exclusively 227 NA NA SCCS.v375. Sex of Principal Non-parental Caretakers: Late Boy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=103; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 11 1 Male exclusively 1 2 Male predominantly 43 3 Both sexes equally 7 4 Female predominantly 41 5 Female exclusively 268 NA NA SCCS.v376. Sex of Principal Non-parental Caretakers: Late Girl Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=111; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 3 1 Male exclusively 1 2 Male predominantly 42 3 Both sexes equally 6 4 Female predominantly 59 5 Female exclusively 260 NA NA SCCS.v377. Non-parental Involvement in Authority: Early Boy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=175; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 61 1 Exclusively parental 13 2 Single atypical or occasional category of non-parent 8 3 Two or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent 45 4 Single category typical and frequent but less important than parents 34 5 Two or more categories, at least one of which typical and frequent, but less important than parents 11 6 More typical and frequent than parents 3 7 Exclusively non-parental 196 NA NA SCCS.v378. Non-parental Involvement in Authority: Early Girl Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=176; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 67 1 Exclusively parental 15 2 Single atypical or occasional category of non-parent 10 3 Two or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent 42 4 Single category typical and frequent but less important than parents 30 5 Two or more categories, at least one of which typical and frequent, but less important than parents 9 6 More typical and frequent than parents 3 7 Exclusively non-parental 195 NA NA SCCS.v379. Non-parental Involvement in Authority: Late Boy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 49 1 Exclusively parental 12 2 Single atypical or occasional category of non-parent 5 3 Two or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent 38 4 Single category typical and frequent but less important than parents 33 5 Two or more categories, at least one of which typical and frequent, but less important than parents 10 6 More typical and frequent than parents 25 7 Exclusively non-parental 199 NA NA SCCS.v380. Non-parental Involvement in Authority: Late Girl Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=176; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 62 1 Exclusively parental 13 2 Single atypical or occasional category of non-parent 9 3 Two or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent 41 4 Single category typical and frequent but less important than parents 28 5 Two or more categories, at least one of which typical and frequent, but less important than parents 7 6 More typical and frequent than parents 16 7 Exclusively non-parental 195 NA NA SCCS.v381. Principal Non-parental Authority Figures: Early Boy Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=114; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 33 2 Sibling 26 3 Grandparent 17 4 Uncle (mothers brother only) 24 5 Relative (including fathers brother) 3 6 Child 9 7 Nonrelative 1 8 Teacher 1 9 Independence of child; no agent 257 NA NA SCCS.v382. Principal Non-parental Authority Figures: Early Girl Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=109; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 34 2 Sibling 28 3 Grandparent 12 4 Uncle (mothers brother only) 23 5 Relative (including fathers brother) 1 6 Child 9 7 Nonrelative 1 8 Teacher 1 9 Independence of child; no agent 262 NA NA SCCS.v383. Principal Non-parental Authority Figures: Late Boy Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=123; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 32 2 Sibling 22 3 Grandparent 15 4 Uncle (mothers brother only) 19 5 Relative (including fathers brother) 9 6 Child 17 7 Nonrelative 7 8 Teacher 2 9 Independence of child; no agent 248 NA NA SCCS.v384. Principal Non-parental Authority Figures: Late Girl Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=114; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 32 2 Sibling 26 3 Grandparent 8 4 Uncle (mothers brother only) 22 5 Relative (including fathers brother) 4 6 Child 15 7 Nonrelative 5 8 Teacher 2 9 Independence of child; no agent 257 NA NA SCCS.v385. Sex of Parental Authority Figures: Early Boy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 36 1 Male exclusively 66 2 Male predominantly 55 3 Both sexes equally 8 4 Female predominantly 7 5 Female exclusively 199 NA NA SCCS.v386. Sex of Parental Authority Figures: Early Girl Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=173; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 17 1 Male exclusively 58 2 Male predominantly 59 3 Both sexes equally 20 4 Female predominantly 19 5 Female exclusively 198 NA NA SCCS.v387. Sex of Parental Authority Figures: Late Boy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=147; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 43 1 Male exclusively 53 2 Male predominantly 43 3 Both sexes equally 3 4 Female predominantly 5 5 Female exclusively 224 NA NA SCCS.v388. Sex of Parental Authority Figures: Late Girl Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 17 1 Male exclusively 50 2 Male predominantly 52 3 Both sexes equally 20 4 Female predominantly 21 5 Female exclusively 211 NA NA SCCS.v389. Sex of Principal Non-parental Authority Figures: Early Boy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=113; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 66 1 Male exclusively 4 2 Male predominantly 37 3 Both sexes equally 2 4 Female predominantly 4 5 Female exclusively 258 NA NA SCCS.v390. Sex of Principal Non-parental Authority Figures: Early Girl Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=108; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 48 1 Male exclusively 5 2 Male predominantly 35 3 Both sexes equally 2 4 Female predominantly 18 5 Female exclusively 263 NA NA SCCS.v391. Sex of Principal Non-parental Authority Figures: Late Boy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=121; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 80 1 Male exclusively 6 2 Male predominantly 29 3 Both sexes equally 2 4 Female predominantly 4 5 Female exclusively 250 NA NA SCCS.v392. Sex of Principal Non-parental Authority Figures: Late Girl Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=108; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 38 1 Male exclusively 5 2 Male predominantly 31 3 Both sexes equally 4 4 Female predominantly 30 5 Female exclusively 263 NA NA SCCS.v393. Non-parental Involvement in Discipline: Early Boy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=76; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 34 1 Exclusively parental 2 2 Single atypical or occasional category of non-parent 3 3 Two or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent 12 4 Single category typical and frequent but less important than parents 14 5 Two or more categories, at least one of which typical and frequent, but less important than parents 3 6 More typical and frequent than parents 8 7 Exclusively non-parental 295 NA NA SCCS.v394. Non-parental Involvement in Discipline: Early Girl Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=74; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 32 1 Exclusively parental 3 2 Single atypical or occasional category of non-parent 2 3 Two or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent 11 4 Single category typical and frequent but less important than parents 13 5 Two or more categories, at least one of which typical and frequent, but less important than parents 3 6 More typical and frequent than parents 10 7 Exclusively non-parental 297 NA NA SCCS.v395. Non-parental Involvement in Discipline: Late Boy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=77; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 25 1 Exclusively parental 2 2 Single atypical or occasional category of non-parent 3 3 Two or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent 18 4 Single category typical and frequent but less important than parents 12 5 Two or more categories, at least one of which typical and frequent, but less important than parents 4 6 More typical and frequent than parents 13 7 Exclusively non-parental 294 NA NA SCCS.v396. Non-parental Involvement in Discipline: Late Girl Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=73; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 28 1 Exclusively parental 6 2 Single atypical or occasional category of non-parent 2 3 Two or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent 14 4 Single category typical and frequent but less important than parents 8 5 Two or more categories, at least one of which typical and frequent, but less important than parents 3 6 More typical and frequent than parents 12 7 Exclusively non-parental 298 NA NA SCCS.v397. Principal Non-parental Disciplinarians: Early Boy Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=42; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 12 2 Sibling 6 3 Grandparent 4 4 Uncle (mothers brother only) 5 5 Relative (including fathers brother) 2 6 Child 8 7 Nonrelative 2 8 Teacher 3 9 Independence of child; no agent 329 NA NA SCCS.v398. Principal Non-parental Disciplinarians: Early Girl Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=42; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 13 2 Sibling 7 3 Grandparent 3 4 Uncle (mothers brother only) 5 5 Relative (including fathers brother) 2 6 Child 7 7 Nonrelative 2 8 Teacher 3 9 Independence of child; no agent 329 NA NA SCCS.v399. Principal Non-parental Disciplinarians: Late Boy Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 10 2 Sibling 6 3 Grandparent 3 4 Uncle (mothers brother only) 5 5 Relative (including fathers brother) 7 6 Child 9 7 Nonrelative 9 8 Teacher 3 9 Independence of child; no agent 319 NA NA SCCS.v400. Principal Non-parental Disciplinarians: Late Girl Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=45; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 13 2 Sibling 5 3 Grandparent 3 4 Uncle (mothers brother only) 5 5 Relative (including fathers brother) 1 6 Child 10 7 Nonrelative 5 8 Teacher 3 9 Independence of child; no agent 326 NA NA SCCS.v401. Sex of Parental Disciplinarians: Early Boy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=68; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 18 1 Male exclusively 9 2 Male predominantly 21 3 Both sexes equally 6 4 Female predominantly 14 5 Female exclusively 303 NA NA SCCS.v402. Sex of Parental Disciplinarians: Early Girl Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=64; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 8 1 Male exclusively 7 2 Male predominantly 21 3 Both sexes equally 7 4 Female predominantly 21 5 Female exclusively 307 NA NA SCCS.v403. Sex of Parental Disciplinarians: Late Boy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=64; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 24 1 Male exclusively 8 2 Male predominantly 18 3 Both sexes equally 2 4 Female predominantly 12 5 Female exclusively 307 NA NA SCCS.v404. Sex of Parental Disciplinarians: Late Girl Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=61; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 7 1 Male exclusively 6 2 Male predominantly 18 3 Both sexes equally 7 4 Female predominantly 23 5 Female exclusively 310 NA NA SCCS.v405. Sex of Principal Non-parental Disciplinarians: Early Boys Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 13 1 Male exclusively 1 2 Male predominantly 20 3 Both sexes equally 5 5 Female exclusively 332 NA NA SCCS.v406. Sex of Principal Non-parental Disciplinarians: Early Girls Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 7 1 Male exclusively 21 3 Both sexes equally 1 4 Female predominantly 10 5 Female exclusively 332 NA NA SCCS.v407. Sex of Principal Non-parental Disciplinarians: Late Boys Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=49; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 24 1 Male exclusively 1 2 Male predominantly 20 3 Both sexes equally 4 5 Female exclusively 322 NA NA SCCS.v408. Sex of Principal Non-parental Disciplinarians: Late Girls Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=42; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 9 1 Male exclusively 21 3 Both sexes equally 12 5 Female exclusively 329 NA NA SCCS.v409. Non-parental Involvement in Education: Early Boys Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=176; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 36 1 Exclusively parental 18 2 Single atypical or occasional category of non-parent 7 3 Two or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent 26 4 Single category typical and frequent but less important than parents 46 5 Two or more categories, at least one of which typical and frequent, but less important than parents 30 6 More typical and frequent than parents 13 7 Exclusively non-parental 195 NA NA SCCS.v410. Non-parental Involvement in Education: Early Girls Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=176; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 51 1 Exclusively parental 16 2 Single atypical or occasional category of non-parent 10 3 Two or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent 30 4 Single category typical and frequent but less important than parents 42 5 Two or more categories, at least one of which typical and frequent, but less important than parents 21 6 More typical and frequent than parents 6 7 Exclusively non-parental 195 NA NA SCCS.v411. Non-parental Involvement in Education: Late Boys Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=177; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 23 1 Exclusively parental 16 2 Single atypical or occasional category of non-parent 7 3 Two or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent 31 4 Single category typical and frequent but less important than parents 50 5 Two or more categories, at least one of which typical and frequent, but less important than parents 29 6 More typical and frequent than parents 21 7 Exclusively non-parental 194 NA NA SCCS.v412. Non-parental Involvement in Education: Late Girls Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=177; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 53 1 Exclusively parental 16 2 Single atypical or occasional category of non-parent 7 3 Two or more atypical or occasional categories of non-parent 26 4 Single category typical and frequent but less important than parents 44 5 Two or more categories, at least one of which typical and frequent, but less important than parents 15 6 More typical and frequent than parents 16 7 Exclusively non-parental 194 NA NA SCCS.v413. Principal Category of Non-parental Educators: Early Boys Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=139; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 28 2 Sibling 18 3 Grandparent 7 4 Uncle (mothers brother only) 19 5 Relative (including fathers brother) 37 6 Child 21 7 Nonrelative 9 8 Teacher 232 NA NA SCCS.v414. Principal Category of Non-parental Educators: Early Girls Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=125; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 28 2 Sibling 23 3 Grandparent 2 4 Uncle (mothers brother only) 20 5 Relative (including fathers brother) 28 6 Child 20 7 Nonrelative 4 8 Teacher 246 NA NA SCCS.v415. Principal Category of Non-parental Educators: Late Boys Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=153; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 21 2 Sibling 13 3 Grandparent 11 4 Uncle (mothers brother only) 13 5 Relative (including fathers brother) 26 6 Child 34 7 Nonrelative 35 8 Teacher 218 NA NA SCCS.v416. Principal Category of Non-parental Educators: Late Girls Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=124; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 21 2 Sibling 15 3 Grandparent 1 4 Uncle (mothers brother only) 19 5 Relative (including fathers brother) 13 6 Child 33 7 Nonrelative 22 8 Teacher 247 NA NA SCCS.v417. Sex of Parental Educators: Early Boys Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=163; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 58 1 Male exclusively 27 2 Male predominantly 51 3 Both sexes equally 17 4 Female predominantly 10 5 Female exclusively 208 NA NA SCCS.v418. Sex of Parental Educators: Early Girls Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 4 1 Male exclusively 2 2 Male predominantly 40 3 Both sexes equally 20 4 Female predominantly 104 5 Female exclusively 201 NA NA SCCS.v419. Sex of Parental Educators: Late Boys Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=155; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 117 1 Male exclusively 18 2 Male predominantly 14 3 Both sexes equally 3 4 Female predominantly 3 5 Female exclusively 216 NA NA SCCS.v420. Sex of Parental Educators: Late Girls Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 3 1 Male exclusively 1 2 Male predominantly 11 3 Both sexes equally 12 4 Female predominantly 133 5 Female exclusively 211 NA NA SCCS.v421. Sex of Principal Non-parental Educators: Early Boys Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=140; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 67 1 Male exclusively 6 2 Male predominantly 61 3 Both sexes equally 6 5 Female exclusively 231 NA NA SCCS.v422. Sex of Principal Non-parental Educators: Early Girls Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=125; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 5 1 Male exclusively 1 2 Male predominantly 53 3 Both sexes equally 5 4 Female predominantly 61 5 Female exclusively 246 NA NA SCCS.v423. Sex of Principal Non-parental Educators: Late Boys Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=154; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 106 1 Male exclusively 3 2 Male predominantly 42 3 Both sexes equally 3 5 Female exclusively 217 NA NA SCCS.v424. Sex of Principal Non-parental Educators: Late Girls Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=124; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 7 1 Male exclusively 30 3 Both sexes equally 3 4 Female predominantly 84 5 Female exclusively 247 NA NA SCCS.v425. Guidance or Formal Schooling: Early Boys Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=177; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 46 1 Informal training, with minimal guidance 20 2 Apprenticeship atypical or occasional 78 3 Apprenticeship typical and frequent but informal training more prevalent 8 4 Apprenticeship predominant 14 5 Formal schooling atypical or occasional 11 6 Formal schooling typical and frequent 194 NA NA SCCS.v426. Guidance or Formal Schooling: Early Girls Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=177; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 47 1 Informal training, with minimal guidance 11 2 Apprenticeship atypical or occasional 88 3 Apprenticeship typical and frequent but informal training more prevalent 11 4 Apprenticeship predominant 10 5 Formal schooling atypical or occasional 10 6 Formal schooling typical and frequent 194 NA NA SCCS.v427. Guidance or Formal Schooling: Late Boys Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=178; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 13 1 Informal training, with minimal guidance 6 2 Apprenticeship atypical or occasional 42 3 Apprenticeship typical and frequent but informal training more prevalent 43 4 Apprenticeship predominant 33 5 Formal schooling atypical or occasional 41 6 Formal schooling typical and frequent 193 NA NA SCCS.v428. Guidance or Formal Schooling: Late Girls Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=178; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 16 1 Informal training, with minimal guidance 3 2 Apprenticeship atypical or occasional 55 3 Apprenticeship typical and frequent but informal training more prevalent 47 4 Apprenticeship predominant 32 5 Formal schooling atypical or occasional 25 6 Formal schooling typical and frequent 193 NA NA SCCS.v429. Use of Example: Early Boys Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=152; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 25 6 Children are expected to do things more or less by example 22 7 7 2 8 8 79 9 Children frequently shown example; consi- dered very important in socializing child 21 10 10 3 11 Example given as most important method of education, or adults are constantly showing children how to do things. 219 NA NA SCCS.v430. Use of Example: Early Girls Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=153; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 24 6 Children are expected to do things more or less by example 23 7 7 2 8 8 79 9 Children frequently shown example; consi- dered very important in socializing child 22 10 10 3 11 Example given as most important method of education, or adults are constantly showing children how to do things. 218 NA NA SCCS.v431. Use of Example: Late Boys Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=153; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 20 6 Children are expected to do things more or less by example 23 7 7 2 8 8 83 9 Children frequently shown example; consi- dered very important in socializing child 22 10 10 3 11 Example given as most important method of education, or adults are constantly showing children how to do things. 218 NA NA SCCS.v432. Use of Example: Late Girls Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=155; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 20 6 Children are expected to do things more or less by example 23 7 7 2 8 8 84 9 Children frequently shown example; consi- dered very important in socializing child 23 10 10 3 11 Example given as most important method of education, or adults are constantly showing children how to do things. 216 NA NA SCCS.v433. Control by Public Opinion: Early Boys { (higher values indicate that approval by people serves as a stronger control of the behavior of children) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=91; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 3 3 (3 of 11) 2 4 (4 of 11) 2 5 (5 of 11) 20 6 (6 of 11) 28 7 (7 of 11) 2 8 (8 of 11) 30 9 (9 of 11) 4 10 (10 of 11) 280 NA NA SCCS.v434. Control by Public Opinion: Early Girls { (higher values indicate that approval by people serves as a stronger control of the behavior of children) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 3 3 (3 of 11) 2 4 (4 of 11) 2 5 (5 of 11) 20 6 (6 of 11) 28 7 (7 of 11) 2 8 (8 of 11) 30 9 (9 of 11) 5 10 (10 of 11) 279 NA NA SCCS.v435. Control by Public Opinion: Late Boys { (higher values indicate that approval by people serves as a stronger control of the behavior of children) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=95; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 2 3 (3 of 11) 2 4 (4 of 11) 2 5 (5 of 11) 21 6 (6 of 11) 29 7 (7 of 11) 2 8 (8 of 11) 33 9 (9 of 11) 4 10 (10 of 11) 276 NA NA SCCS.v436. Control by Public Opinion: Late Girls { (higher values indicate that approval by people serves as a stronger control of the behavior of children) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=94; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 2 3 (3 of 11) 2 4 (4 of 11) 2 5 (5 of 11) 20 6 (6 of 11) 30 7 (7 of 11) 2 8 (8 of 11) 31 9 (9 of 11) 5 10 (10 of 11) 277 NA NA SCCS.v437. Lecturing: Early Boys Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=137; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 1 1 (1 of 11) 10 3 (3 of 11) 10 4 (4 of 11) 7 5 (5 of 11) 48 6 Often, but not constant lectures / myths (6 of 11) 25 7 (7 of 11) 4 8 (8 of 11) 22 9 Almost daily (9 of 11) 6 10 (10 of 11) 4 11 Constant and one of the most important methods used in socializing child (11 of 11) 234 NA NA SCCS.v438. Lecturing: Early Girls Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=134; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 10 3 (3 of 11) 11 4 (4 of 11) 8 5 (5 of 11) 46 6 Often, but not constant lectures / myths (6 of 11) 24 7 (7 of 11) 4 8 (8 of 11) 22 9 Almost daily (9 of 11) 5 10 (10 of 11) 4 11 Constant and one of the most important methods used in socializing child (11 of 11) 237 NA NA SCCS.v439. Lecturing: Late Boys Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=141; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 6 3 (3 of 11) 9 4 (4 of 11) 6 5 (5 of 11) 44 6 Often, but not constant lectures / myths (6 of 11) 31 7 (7 of 11) 5 8 (8 of 11) 29 9 Almost daily (9 of 11) 8 10 (10 of 11) 3 11 Constant and one of the most important methods used in socializing child (11 of 11) 230 NA NA SCCS.v440. Lecturing: Late Girls Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=139; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 6 3 (3 of 11) 10 4 (4 of 11) 8 5 (5 of 11) 42 6 Often, but not constant lectures / myths (6 of 11) 28 7 (7 of 11) 5 8 (8 of 11) 29 9 Almost daily (9 of 11) 7 10 (10 of 11) 4 11 Constant and one of the most important methods used in socializing child (11 of 11) 232 NA NA SCCS.v441. Teasing: Early Boys { (higher values indicate greater social control due to shaming and exposure to ridicule for misconduct) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=101; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 9 3 (3 of 11) 8 4 (4 of 11) 4 5 (5 of 11) 34 6 (6 of 11) 24 7 (7 of 11) 2 8 (8 of 11) 19 9 (9 of 11) 1 10 (10 of 11) 270 NA NA SCCS.v442. Teasing: Early Girls { (higher values indicate greater social control due to shaming and exposure to ridicule for misconduct) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=101; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 8 3 (3 of 11) 10 4 (4 of 11) 4 5 (5 of 11) 33 6 (6 of 11) 23 7 (7 of 11) 2 8 (8 of 11) 20 9 (9 of 11) 1 10 (10 of 11) 270 NA NA SCCS.v443. Teasing: Late Boys { (higher values indicate greater social control due to shaming and exposure to ridicule for misconduct) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=113; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 5 3 (3 of 11) 8 4 (4 of 11) 4 5 (5 of 11) 39 6 (6 of 11) 31 7 (7 of 11) 2 8 (8 of 11) 23 9 (9 of 11) 1 10 (10 of 11) 258 NA NA SCCS.v444. Teasing: Late Girls { (higher values indicate greater social control due to shaming and exposure to ridicule for misconduct) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=112; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 5 3 (3 of 11) 9 4 (4 of 11) 4 5 (5 of 11) 38 6 (6 of 11) 30 7 (7 of 11) 2 8 (8 of 11) 23 9 (9 of 11) 1 10 (10 of 11) 259 NA NA SCCS.v445. Scolding: Early Boys { (higher values indicate greater social control by verbal reprimands, nagging, scolding for misbehavior) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 2 1 (1 of 11) 3 2 (2 of 11) 11 3 (3 of 11) 8 4 (4 of 11) 9 5 (5 of 11) 54 6 (6 of 11) 15 7 (7 of 11) 1 8 (8 of 11) 7 9 (9 of 11) 261 NA NA SCCS.v446. Scolding: Early Girls { (higher values indicate greater social control by verbal reprimands, nagging, scolding for misbehavior) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=112; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 2 1 (1 of 11) 2 2 (2 of 11) 13 3 (3 of 11) 7 4 (4 of 11) 9 5 (5 of 11) 54 6 (6 of 11) 16 7 (7 of 11) 1 8 (8 of 11) 8 9 (9 of 11) 259 NA NA SCCS.v447. Scolding: Late Boys { (higher values indicate greater social control by verbal reprimands, nagging, scolding for misbehavior) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=115; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 2 1 (1 of 11) 1 2 (2 of 11) 8 3 (3 of 11) 8 4 (4 of 11) 10 5 (5 of 11) 51 6 (6 of 11) 19 7 (7 of 11) 13 9 (9 of 11) 2 10 (10 of 11) 1 11 (11 of 11) 256 NA NA SCCS.v448. Scolding: Late Girls { (higher values indicate greater social control by verbal reprimands, nagging, scolding for misbehavior) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=117; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 2 1 (1 of 11) 1 2 (2 of 11) 9 3 (3 of 11) 7 4 (4 of 11) 9 5 (5 of 11) 51 6 (6 of 11) 21 7 (7 of 11) 14 9 (9 of 11) 2 10 (10 of 11) 1 11 (11 of 11) 254 NA NA SCCS.v449. Warning: Early Boys { (higher values indicate greater social control through threats of punishment by supernatural beings or strangers) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=99; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 4 3 (3 of 11) 3 4 (4 of 11) 4 5 (5 of 11) 29 6 (6 of 11) 38 7 (7 of 11) 1 8 (8 of 11) 14 9 (9 of 11) 6 10 (10 of 11) 272 NA NA SCCS.v450. Warning: Early Girls { (higher values indicate greater social control through threats of punishment by supernatural beings or strangers) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=99; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 4 3 (3 of 11) 3 4 (4 of 11) 4 5 (5 of 11) 29 6 (6 of 11) 38 7 (7 of 11) 1 8 (8 of 11) 14 9 (9 of 11) 6 10 (10 of 11) 272 NA NA SCCS.v451. Warning: Late Boys { (higher values indicate greater social control through threats of punishment by supernatural beings or strangers) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=100; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 1 2 (2 of 11) 5 3 (3 of 11) 4 4 (4 of 11) 4 5 (5 of 11) 32 6 (6 of 11) 36 7 (7 of 11) 1 8 (8 of 11) 11 9 (9 of 11) 6 10 (10 of 11) 271 NA NA SCCS.v452. Warning: Late Girls { (higher values indicate greater social control through threats of punishment by supernatural beings or strangers) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=100; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 1 2 (2 of 11) 5 3 (3 of 11) 4 4 (4 of 11) 4 5 (5 of 11) 32 6 (6 of 11) 36 7 (7 of 11) 1 8 (8 of 11) 11 9 (9 of 11) 6 10 (10 of 11) 271 NA NA SCCS.v453. Corporal Punishment: Early Boys { (higher values represent greater social control through whipping and any other pain-inflicting treatment) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=145; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 10 1 (1 of 11) 6 2 (2 of 11) 34 3 (3 of 11) 18 4 (4 of 11) 11 5 (5 of 11) 39 6 (6 of 11) 20 7 (7 of 11) 3 9 (9 of 11) 3 10 (10 of 11) 1 11 (11 of 11) 226 NA NA SCCS.v454. Corporal Punishment: Early Girls { (higher values represent greater social control through whipping and any other pain-inflicting treatment) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=140; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 10 1 (1 of 11) 6 2 (2 of 11) 35 3 (3 of 11) 18 4 (4 of 11) 11 5 (5 of 11) 37 6 (6 of 11) 16 7 (7 of 11) 3 9 (9 of 11) 3 10 (10 of 11) 1 11 (11 of 11) 231 NA NA SCCS.v455. Corporal Punishment: Late Boys { (higher values represent greater social control through whipping and any other pain-inflicting treatment) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=147; Number of unique values=11 Freq Value Description 9 1 (1 of 11) 4 2 (2 of 11) 29 3 (3 of 11) 15 4 (4 of 11) 8 5 (5 of 11) 41 6 (6 of 11) 17 7 (7 of 11) 1 8 (8 of 11) 18 9 (9 of 11) 4 10 (10 of 11) 1 11 (11 of 11) 224 NA NA SCCS.v456. Corporal Punishment: Late Girls { (higher values represent greater social control through whipping and any other pain-inflicting treatment) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=142; Number of unique values=11 Freq Value Description 9 1 (1 of 11) 4 2 (2 of 11) 30 3 (3 of 11) 15 4 (4 of 11) 9 5 (5 of 11) 39 6 (6 of 11) 16 7 (7 of 11) 1 8 (8 of 11) 16 9 (9 of 11) 2 10 (10 of 11) 1 11 (11 of 11) 229 NA NA SCCS.v457. Ceremonies for Children: Early Boys { (higher values indicate more ceremonies exclusively for the children of this age and sex) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=132; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 3 1 (1 of 9) 1 2 (2 of 9) 48 3 (3 of 9) 20 4 (4 of 9) 6 5 (5 of 9) 38 6 (6 of 9) 13 7 (7 of 9) 3 9 (9 of 9) 239 NA NA SCCS.v458. Ceremonies for Children: Early Girls { (higher values indicate more ceremonies exclusively for the children of this age and sex) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=124; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 4 1 (1 of 9) 5 2 (2 of 9) 47 3 (3 of 9) 22 4 (4 of 9) 5 5 (5 of 9) 26 6 (6 of 9) 11 7 (7 of 9) 4 9 (9 of 9) 247 NA NA SCCS.v459. Ceremonies for Children: Late Boys { (higher values indicate more ceremonies exclusively for the children of this age and sex) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=146; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 1 1 (1 of 9) 20 3 (3 of 9) 18 4 (4 of 9) 5 5 (5 of 9) 61 6 (6 of 9) 32 7 (7 of 9) 1 8 (8 of 9) 8 9 (9 of 9) 225 NA NA SCCS.v460. Ceremonies for Children: Late Girls { (higher values indicate more ceremonies exclusively for the children of this age and sex) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=131; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 2 2 (2 of 9) 32 3 (3 of 9) 25 4 (4 of 9) 9 5 (5 of 9) 42 6 (6 of 9) 13 7 (7 of 9) 8 9 (9 of 9) 240 NA NA SCCS.v461. Gifts for Approved Behaviors: Early Boys { (higher values indicate greater social control by rewards for approved behaviors, e.g., gifts or conferring of privileges) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=141; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 24 2 (2 of 8) 18 3 (3 of 8) 8 4 (4 of 8) 65 5 (5 of 8) 22 6 (6 of 8) 4 8 (8 of 8) 230 NA NA SCCS.v462. Gifts for Approved Behaviors: Early Girls { (higher values indicate greater social control by rewards for approved behaviors, e.g., gifts or conferring of privileges) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=136; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 20 2 (2 of 8) 22 3 (3 of 8) 8 4 (4 of 8) 61 5 (5 of 8) 19 6 (6 of 8) 6 8 (8 of 8) 235 NA NA SCCS.v463. Gifts for Approved Behaviors: Late Boys { (higher values indicate greater social control by rewards for approved behaviors, e.g., gifts or conferring of privileges) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=145; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 17 2 (2 of 8) 19 3 (3 of 8) 8 4 (4 of 8) 72 5 (5 of 8) 23 6 (6 of 8) 6 8 (8 of 8) 226 NA NA SCCS.v464. Gifts for Approved Behaviors: Late Girls { (higher values indicate greater social control by rewards for approved behaviors, e.g., gifts or conferring of privileges) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=143; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 17 2 (2 of 8) 23 3 (3 of 8) 8 4 (4 of 8) 66 5 (5 of 8) 21 6 (6 of 8) 8 8 (8 of 8) 228 NA NA SCCS.v465. Permissiveness: Early Boys Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 1 0 Harsh socialization by parents or other authority figures with severe punishment (0 of 10) 1 1 (1 of 10) 4 2 Generally harsh treatment, not extreme (2 of 10) 9 3 (3 of 10) 12 4 (4 of 10) 31 5 Generally moderate or balanced degree of both harshness and permissiveness (5 of 10) 37 6 (6 of 10) 31 7 (7 of 10) 28 8 Generally indulgent, not extreme (8 of 10) 15 9 (9 of 10) 202 NA NA SCCS.v466. Permissiveness: Early Girls Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=167; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 1 0 Harsh socialization by parents or other authority figures with severe punishment (0 of 10) 1 1 (1 of 10) 7 2 Generally harsh treatment, not extreme (2 of 10) 7 3 (3 of 10) 17 4 (4 of 10) 37 5 Generally moderate or balanced degree of both harshness and permissiveness (5 of 10) 41 6 (6 of 10) 29 7 (7 of 10) 19 8 Generally indulgent, not extreme (8 of 10) 8 9 (9 of 10) 204 NA NA SCCS.v467. Permissiveness: Late Boys Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=168; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 1 0 Harsh socialization by parents or other authority figures with severe punishment (0 of 10) 5 1 (1 of 10) 6 2 Generally harsh treatment, not extreme (2 of 10) 10 3 (3 of 10) 23 4 (4 of 10) 52 5 Generally moderate or balanced degree of both harshness and permissiveness (5 of 10) 32 6 (6 of 10) 14 7 (7 of 10) 15 8 Generally indulgent, not extreme (8 of 10) 10 9 (9 of 10) 203 NA NA SCCS.v468. Permissiveness: Late Girls Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=168; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 1 0 Harsh socialization by parents or other authority figures with severe punishment (0 of 10) 7 1 (1 of 10) 8 2 Generally harsh treatment, not extreme (2 of 10) 13 3 (3 of 10) 31 4 (4 of 10) 61 5 Generally moderate or balanced degree of both harshness and permissiveness (5 of 10) 22 6 (6 of 10) 9 7 (7 of 10) 12 8 Generally indulgent, not extreme (8 of 10) 4 9 (9 of 10) 203 NA NA SCCS.v469. Affection: Early Boys Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=155; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 6 2 Generally low expression of affection and attention 3 3 3 16 4 4 40 5 Moderate or sporadic expression of affection and attention 43 6 6 19 7 7 24 8 Consistent, occasional strong expression 4 9 9 216 NA NA SCCS.v470. Affection: Early Girls Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=155; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 1 1 1 9 2 Generally low expression of affection and attention 3 3 3 19 4 4 35 5 Moderate or sporadic expression of affection and attention 41 6 6 21 7 7 22 8 Consistent, occasional strong expression 4 9 9 216 NA NA SCCS.v471. Affection: Late Boys Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=154; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 10 2 Generally low expression of affection and attention 4 3 3 20 4 4 43 5 Moderate or sporadic expression of affection and attention 44 6 6 17 7 7 16 8 Consistent, occasional strong expression 217 NA NA SCCS.v472. Affection: Late Girls Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=154; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 1 1 1 13 2 Generally low expression of affection and attention 4 3 3 24 4 4 37 5 Moderate or sporadic expression of affection and attention 42 6 6 19 7 7 14 8 Consistent, occasional strong expression 217 NA NA SCCS.v473. Evaluation by Society: Early Boys Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 2 2 Only slight, sporadic expression of valuation of children 3 3 3 11 4 4 39 5 Moderate or occasionally strong expression of value of children 46 6 6 32 7 7 26 8 Strong, but no extreme valuation of children 13 9 9 199 NA NA SCCS.v474. Evaluation by Society: Early Girls Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 1 1 1 7 2 Only slight, sporadic expression of valuation of children 9 3 3 23 4 4 30 5 Moderate or occasionally strong expression of value of children 50 6 6 25 7 7 18 8 Strong, but no extreme valuation of children 9 9 9 199 NA NA SCCS.v475. Evaluation by Society: Late Boys Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 2 2 Only slight, sporadic expression of valuation of children 3 3 3 9 4 4 39 5 Moderate or occasionally strong expression of value of children 48 6 6 32 7 7 27 8 Strong, but no extreme valuation of children 12 9 9 199 NA NA SCCS.v476. Evaluation by Society: Late Girls Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 1 1 1 6 2 Only slight, sporadic expression of valuation of children 9 3 3 21 4 4 35 5 Moderate or occasionally strong expression of value of children 49 6 6 26 7 7 17 8 Strong, but no extreme valuation of children 8 9 9 199 NA NA SCCS.v477. Incorporation into Society: Early Boys Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 3 0 Almost complete exclusion from adult working, ceremonial, social activities 22 1 1 50 2 Children are usually excluded from membership in adult activities 49 3 3 22 4 4 19 5 Inconsistent but substantial participation by children in adult activities 4 6 6 1 8 Children closely integrated in adult family activities with substantial participation in adult community life 201 NA NA SCCS.v478. Incorporation into Society: Early Girls Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 3 0 Almost complete exclusion from adult working, ceremonial, social activities 21 1 1 38 2 Children are usually excluded from membership in adult activities 47 3 3 25 4 4 32 5 Inconsistent but substantial participation by children in adult activities 3 6 6 1 8 Children closely integrated in adult family activities with substantial participation in adult community life 201 NA NA SCCS.v479. Incorporation into Society: Late Boys Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 2 1 1 7 2 Children are usually excluded from membership in adult activities 14 3 3 13 4 4 54 5 Inconsistent but substantial participation by children in adult activities 37 6 6 27 7 7 11 8 Children closely integrated in adult family activities with substantial participation in adult community life 6 9 9 200 NA NA SCCS.v480. Incorporation into Society: Late Girls Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 1 1 1 2 2 Children are usually excluded from membership in adult activities 7 3 3 12 4 4 40 5 Inconsistent but substantial participation by children in adult activities 44 6 6 37 7 7 17 8 Children closely integrated in adult family activities with substantial participation in adult community life 11 9 9 1 10 Almost complete, continual inclusion of children in adult activities 199 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Rohner, Ronald P., and Evelyn C. Rohner. 1981. Parental-Acceptance- Rejection and Parental Control: Cross-Cultural Codes. Ethnology 20: 245-260. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v483. Warmth and Affection of Caretakers - Mother: Aver Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=71; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 2 2 Rarely (2 of 8) 1 3 (3 of 8) 2 4 Sometimes (4 of 8) 3 5 (5 of 8) 10 6 Frequently (6 of 8) 7 7 (7 of 8) 46 8 Almost Always (8 of 8) 300 NA NA SCCS.v486. Warmth and Affection of Caretakers - Father: Aver Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=60; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 8 2 Rarely (2 of 8) 3 4 Sometimes (4 of 8) 2 5 (5 of 8) 5 6 Frequently (6 of 8) 5 7 (7 of 8) 37 8 Almost Always (8 of 8) 311 NA NA SCCS.v489. Warmth and Affection of Caretakers - Others: Aver Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=21; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 2 2 Rarely (2 of 8) 1 4 Sometimes (4 of 8) 7 6 Frequently (6 of 8) 2 7 (7 of 8) 9 8 Almost Always (8 of 8) 350 NA NA SCCS.v492. Warmth and Affection of Caretakers - Overall: Aver Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=97; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 3 2 Rarely (2 of 8) 3 4 Sometimes (4 of 8) 4 5 (5 of 8) 14 6 Frequently (6 of 8) 16 7 (7 of 8) 57 8 Almost Always (8 of 8) 274 NA NA SCCS.v495. Hostility and Aggression of Caretakers - Mother: Aver Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=45; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 21 2 Rarely (2 of 8) 3 3 (3 of 8) 13 4 Sometimes (4 of 8) 2 5 (5 of 8) 3 6 Frequently (6 of 8) 1 7 (7 of 8) 2 8 Almost Always (8 of 8) 326 NA NA SCCS.v498. Hostility and Aggression of Caretakers - Father: Aver Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 1 1 (1 of 8) 23 2 Rarely (2 of 8) 11 4 Sometimes (4 of 8) 2 5 (5 of 8) 4 6 Frequently (6 of 8) 330 NA NA SCCS.v504. Hostility and Aggression of Caretakers - Overall: Aver Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=112; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 1 1 (1 of 8) 58 2 Rarely (2 of 8) 9 3 (3 of 8) 31 4 Sometimes (4 of 8) 5 5 (5 of 8) 5 6 Frequently (6 of 8) 2 7 (7 of 8) 1 8 Almost Always (8 of 8) 259 NA NA SCCS.v507. Indifference of Caretakers - Mother: Aver Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 1 1 (1 of 8) 38 2 Rarely (2 of 8) 2 3 (3 of 8) 5 4 Sometimes (4 of 8) 4 6 Frequently (6 of 8) 1 7 (7 of 8) 1 8 Almost Always (8 of 8) 319 NA NA SCCS.v510. Indifference of Caretakers - Father: Aver Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 27 2 Rarely (2 of 8) 2 3 (3 of 8) 6 4 Sometimes (4 of 8) 3 6 Frequently (6 of 8) 1 7 (7 of 8) 1 8 Almost Always (8 of 8) 331 NA NA SCCS.v516. Indifference of Caretakers - Overall: Aver Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=98; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 1 1 (1 of 8) 67 2 Rarely (2 of 8) 5 3 (3 of 8) 18 4 Sometimes (4 of 8) 1 5 (5 of 8) 3 6 Frequently (6 of 8) 2 7 (7 of 8) 1 8 Almost Always (8 of 8) 273 NA NA SCCS.v518. Control by Caretakers - Mother: Girl Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=20; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 1 2 No Control (2 of 8) 2 4 Lax Control (4 of 8) 9 6 Firm Control (6 of 8) 3 7 (7 of 8) 5 8 Restrictive (8 of 8) 351 NA NA SCCS.v519. Control by Caretakers - Mother: Aver Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=48; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 10 2 No Control (2 of 8) 2 3 (3 of 8) 16 4 Lax Control (4 of 8) 1 5 (5 of 8) 11 6 Firm Control (6 of 8) 3 7 (7 of 8) 5 8 Restrictive (8 of 8) 323 NA NA SCCS.v520. Control by Caretakers - Father: Boy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=24; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 5 4 Lax Control (4 of 8) 12 6 Firm Control (6 of 8) 1 7 (7 of 8) 6 8 Restrictive (8 of 8) 347 NA NA SCCS.v522. Control by Caretakers - Father: Aver Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=50; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 9 2 No Control (2 of 8) 2 3 (3 of 8) 11 4 Lax Control (4 of 8) 1 5 (5 of 8) 19 6 Firm Control (6 of 8) 2 7 (7 of 8) 6 8 Restrictive (8 of 8) 321 NA NA SCCS.v526. Control by Caretakers - Overall: Boy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=28; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 6 2 No Control (2 of 8) 1 3 (3 of 8) 8 4 Lax Control (4 of 8) 2 5 (5 of 8) 6 6 Firm Control (6 of 8) 1 7 (7 of 8) 4 8 Restrictive (8 of 8) 343 NA NA SCCS.v527. Control by Caretakers - Overall: Girl Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=24; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 1 2 No Control (2 of 8) 1 3 (3 of 8) 6 4 Lax Control (4 of 8) 1 5 (5 of 8) 9 6 Firm Control (6 of 8) 1 7 (7 of 8) 5 8 Restrictive (8 of 8) 347 NA NA SCCS.v528. Control by Caretakers - Overall: Aver Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=115; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 23 2 No Control (2 of 8) 9 3 (3 of 8) 23 4 Lax Control (4 of 8) 7 5 (5 of 8) 34 6 Firm Control (6 of 8) 9 7 (7 of 8) 10 8 Restrictive (8 of 8) 256 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Schlegel, Alice, and Herbert Barry III. 1979. Adolescent Initiation Ceremonies: A Cross-Cultural Code. Ethnology 18: 199-210. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v529. Initiation Occurrence: Boys Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 80 0 Absent for both boys and girls 39 1 Absent for specified sex only 63 2 Present 189 NA NA SCCS.v530. Initiation Occurrence: Girls Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 81 0 Absent for both boys and girls 17 1 Absent for specified sex only 85 2 Present 188 NA NA SCCS.v531. Initiation Time: Boys Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 120 0 Absent 13 2 before genital maturation 18 3 at first signs of genital maturation 6 4 at genital maturation 17 5 within one year after genital maturation 8 6 later (up to 18 years) 189 NA NA SCCS.v532. Initiation Time: Girls Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 100 0 Absent 9 2 before genital maturation 11 3 at first signs of genital maturation 57 4 at genital maturation 5 5 within one year after genital maturation 1 6 later (up to 18 years) 188 NA NA SCCS.v533. Number of Concurrent Initiates: Boys Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 119 0 Absent 29 2 Single 7 3 Small group 27 4 Large group 189 NA NA SCCS.v534. Number of Concurrent Initiates: Girls Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 99 0 Absent 73 2 Single 6 3 Small group 5 4 Large group 188 NA NA SCCS.v535. Duration of Initiation Ceremony: Boys Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 119 0 Absent 28 2 Short 7 3 Medium 28 4 Long 189 NA NA SCCS.v536. Duration of Initiation Ceremony: Girls Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 99 0 Absent 36 2 Short 21 3 Medium 27 4 Long 188 NA NA SCCS.v537. Number of Participants: Boys Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 121 0 Absent 7 2 Immediate family 25 3 Local group 29 4 Large group 189 NA NA SCCS.v538. Number of Participants: Girls Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 99 0 Absent 40 2 Immediate family 29 3 Local group 15 4 Large group 188 NA NA SCCS.v539. Sexes of Participants: Boys Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 119 0 Absent 12 2 Both sexes 17 3 Partially limited to same sex as initiates 34 4 Exclusively same sex as initiates 189 NA NA SCCS.v540. Sexes of Participants: Girls Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 99 0 Absent 11 2 Both sexes 28 3 Partially limited to same sex as initiates 45 4 Exclusively same sex as initiates 188 NA NA SCCS.v541. Primary Physical Components: Boys Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 119 0 Absent 6 2 None 17 3 Manipulations or activities 20 4 Pain other than genital operation 13 5 Genital operation 7 6 Genital operation and other pain 189 NA NA SCCS.v542. Primary Physical Components: Girls Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 99 0 Absent 11 2 None 45 3 Manipulations or activities 21 4 Pain other than genital operation 7 5 Genital operation 188 NA NA SCCS.v543. Secondary Physical Components: Boys Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 119 0 Absent 15 2 Neither manipulations nor activities 14 3 Activities 9 4 Manipulation 25 5 Both manipulations and activities 189 NA NA SCCS.v544. Secondary Physical Components: Girls Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 99 0 Absent 20 2 Neither manipulations nor activities 10 3 Activities 26 4 Manipulation 28 5 Both manipulations and activities 188 NA NA SCCS.v545. Primary Cognitive or Performance Components: Boys Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 119 0 Absent 20 2 Symbolic only 3 3 Learning skills, sharing secrets, or other 8 4 Observing taboos 7 5 Seclusion 18 6 Both seclusion and observing taboos 7 7 Fear 189 NA NA SCCS.v546. Primary Cognitive or Performance Components: Girls Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 99 0 Absent 15 2 Symbolic only 3 3 Learning skills, sharing secrets, or other 1 4 Observing taboos 9 5 Seclusion 54 6 Both seclusion and observing taboos 2 7 Fear 188 NA NA SCCS.v547. Secondary Cognitive or Performance Components: Boys Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 118 0 Absent 43 2 Neither learning skills nor sharing secrets 8 3 Sharing secrets 4 4 Learning skills 9 5 Both learning skills and sharing secrets 189 NA NA SCCS.v548. Secondary Cognitive or Performance Components: Girls Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 100 0 Absent 60 2 Neither learning skills nor sharing secrets 2 3 Sharing secrets 11 4 Learning skills 10 5 Both learning skills and sharing secrets 188 NA NA SCCS.v549. Primary Emic Interpretations: Boys Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 119 0 Absent 4 2 None 41 3 Status marker, physical change, or behavior change 11 4 Spiritual change 7 5 Death-rebirth 189 NA NA SCCS.v550. Primary Emic Interpretations: Girls Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 99 0 Absent 5 2 None 75 3 Status marker, physical change, or behavior change 2 4 Spiritual change 2 5 Death-rebirth 188 NA NA SCCS.v551. Secondary Emic Interpretations: Boys Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 118 0 Absent 8 2 No status marker 17 3 General status marker 14 4 Status marker for adolescence or youth 25 5 Status marker for full adulthood 189 NA NA SCCS.v552. Secondary Emic Interpretations: Girls Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 100 0 Absent 8 2 No status marker 25 3 General status marker 12 4 Status marker for adolescence or youth 38 5 Status marker for full adulthood 188 NA NA SCCS.v553. Tertiary Emic Interpretations: Boys Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 118 0 Absent 31 2 Neither physical nor behavior change 10 3 Behavior change 12 4 Physical change 11 5 Both physical and behavior change 189 NA NA SCCS.v554. Tertiary Emic Interpretations: Girls Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 100 0 Absent 48 2 Neither physical nor behavior change 12 3 Behavior change 16 4 Physical change 7 5 Both physical and behavior change 188 NA NA SCCS.v555. Primary Social Consequences: Boys Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 118 0 Absent 19 2 None 14 3 Familial integration, familial independence, or other 8 4 Heterosexual intercourse 17 5 Same-sex bonding 6 6 Both same-sex bonding and heterosexual intercourse 189 NA NA SCCS.v556. Primary Social Consequences: Girls Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 100 0 Absent 32 2 None 20 3 Familial integration, familial independence, or other 25 4 Heterosexual intercourse 3 5 Same-sex bonding 3 6 Both same-sex bonding and heterosexual intercourse 188 NA NA SCCS.v557. Secondary Social Consequences: Boys Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 118 0 Absent 36 2 None 6 3 Other 13 4 Familial independence 9 5 Familial integration 189 NA NA SCCS.v558. Secondary Social Consequences: Girls Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 100 0 Absent 57 2 None 8 3 Other 9 4 Familial independence 9 5 Familial integration 188 NA NA SCCS.v559. Principal Focus: Boys Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 120 0 Absent 11 2 Fertility 10 3 Sexuality 6 4 Valor 7 5 Wisdom 26 6 Responsibility 2 7 Other 189 NA NA SCCS.v560. Principal Focus: Girls Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 99 0 Absent 34 2 Fertility 18 3 Sexuality 1 4 Valor 1 5 Wisdom 23 6 Responsibility 7 7 Other 188 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Paige, Karen Paige and Jeffrey Paige. 1981. The Politics of Reproductive Rituals. University of California Press. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v561. Menarcheal Ceremonies Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=88; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 44 1 Absent if onset of menstruation not marked by special public ritual 44 2 Present if onset of menstruation associated with either elaborate or limited rites 283 NA NA SCCS.v562. Circumcision Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 70 1 Superincision, or subincision, or absent 22 2 Circumcision 279 NA NA SCCS.v563. Maternal Restrictions Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=89; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 43 1 Absent 46 2 Present 282 NA NA SCCS.v564. Husband Involvement Scale (Couvade) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=87; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 51 1 Minor Observance or informal 36 2 Seclusion, or postpartum work taboo, or food taboo 284 NA NA SCCS.v565. Menstrual Segregation Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=84; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 56 1 Absent 28 2 Present (either menstrual hut or structural isolation is reported) 287 NA NA SCCS.v566. Male Segregation Practices Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=82; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 60 1 Absent or Minor 22 2 Present 289 NA NA SCCS.v567. Combined Segregation Practices Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=76; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 42 1 Absent 22 2 Minor 12 3 Present 295 NA NA SCCS.v568. Compensation Demands Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=70; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 35 1 Absent 35 2 Present 301 NA NA SCCS.v569. Fraternal Interest Group Size Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=84; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 54 1 1 16 2 2 14 3 3 287 NA NA SCCS.v570. Fraternal Interest Group Strength Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=82; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 35 1 Both brideprice and patrilineality are absent, and size of effective kin-based political subunit is less than 100 12 2 Either brideprice or patrilineality; size of political subunit between 100 and 999 16 3 a. Size of political subunit is 1,000 or greater, and brideprice and patrilineality are absent; or b. Size of political subunit is less than 100 and both brideprice and patrilineality are present; or c. Size of political subunit is between 100 and 999 and either brideprice or patrilineality is present 8 4 a. Size of political subunit is between 100 and 999, and both brideprice and patrilineality are present; or b. Size of political subunit is 1,000 or greater, and either brideprice or patrilineality is present 11 5 Size of political subunit is 1,000 or greateb, and both brideprice and patrilineality are present 289 NA NA SCCS.v571. Resource Base Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 18 1 Low 35 2 Unstable 39 3 High 279 NA NA SCCS.v572. Residence Pattern Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 36 1 Not favoring formation of fraternal interest groups including: a. Matrilocal or Uxorilocal Residence b. Ambilocal Residence c. Neolocal Residence 56 2 Favoring formation of fraternal interest groups: including a. Avunculocal Residence b. Patrilocal or Virilocal Residence c. Optionally Patrilocal or Avunculocal Residence 279 NA NA SCCS.v573. Ritual Warfare Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=82; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 52 1 Absent 30 2 Present 289 NA NA SCCS.v574. Achieved Leadership through Wealth Distribution Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=81; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 61 1 Acts of wealth distribution which bring prestige to the giver are not one of the most important factors in attaining and maintaining the highest degree of political power in the society 20 2 Acts of wealth distribution which bring prestige to the giver are one of the most important factors in attaining and maintaining the highest degree of political power in the society 290 NA NA SCCS.v575. Unstable Political Power Index Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=76; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 44 1 All three variables--ritual warfare, achieved leadership, and social indebtedness--have a score of 0. 10 2 Only one of the three variables has a score of 1; the other two score 0 17 3 Two of the variables have a score of 1; the other has a score of 0 5 4 All three variables have a score of 1 295 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Martin K. Whyte. 1979. Cross-Cultural Codes Dealing with the Relative Status of Women. Ethnology 17:211-237. ----------------------------------------------------------- Only the odd numbered societies are coded in this study. Some of the even numbered societies, however, have been coded by undergraduates at U.C. Irvine. Many of these even-numbered societal codes are less reliable than the original codes, and it is advised that a sample of odd-numbered cases be selected for hypothesis testing. SCCS.v576. Sex of Gods and Spirits and Other Super-natural Beings Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=67; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 10 1 All male 24 2 Male are more numerous or more powerful 13 3 Male are more numerous while power equal or male are more powerful while numbers equal 20 4 Both and equal in numbers of power or women more numerous while power equal, or women more powerful while numbers equal 304 NA NA SCCS.v577. Mythical Founders of the Culture Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=65; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 21 1 All male 18 2 Both sexes, but the role of men more important 19 3 Both sexes, and the role of both sexes fairly equal 7 4 Both sexes, but female role more important, or solely female 306 NA NA SCCS.v578. Sex of Shamans Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=73; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 14 1 All male 26 2 Male more numerous, or more powerful 26 3 Male more numerous while power equal, or male more powerful while numbers equal, or about equal in both 7 4 Female more powerful or more numerous or solely female shamans 298 NA NA SCCS.v579. Sex of Reputed Witches Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=68; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 16 1 All male 21 2 Male predominance in numbers or power 23 3 Both, and equal in numbers or power 8 4 Female predominance in numbers of power or only female witches 303 NA NA SCCS.v580. Participation in Collective Religious Ceremonies and Rituals Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=73; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 4 1 Only males 36 2 Both, but males more commonly or more prominently 28 3 Both, and fairly equal participation 5 4 Both, but women more prominent 298 NA NA SCCS.v581. Funeral or Burial Ceremonies Held Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=84; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 11 1 Only for males, or for both, but male more elaborate 73 2 For both, and roughly equal 287 NA NA SCCS.v582. Intermediate or Local Political Leaders Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=74; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 65 1 Only males 7 2 Both sexes, but males more numerous or more powerful 2 3 Both sexes, and males more numerous while females equally powerful or males more powerful while females equally numerous 297 NA NA SCCS.v583. Leadership Posts in Kinship or Extended Family Units Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=62; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 52 1 Include men only 6 2 Both, but men have more say and influence 4 3 Both, with roughly equal influence 309 NA NA SCCS.v584. Participation in Collective Fighting and Warfare Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=70; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 62 1 Only men 8 2 Both, but men do most fighting, women only aid 301 NA NA SCCS.v585. Proportional Contribution of Women to Overall Subsistence Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 2 1 Low 2 2 2 14 3 3 23 4 4 27 5 5 18 6 6 2 7 7 4 8 High 279 NA NA SCCS.v586. Relative Time and Effort Expended on Subsistence Activities Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=88; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 14 1 Men clearly expend more 54 2 Men and women expend roughly equal 20 3 Women clearly expend more 283 NA NA SCCS.v587. Community-wide Exclusively Male Work Groups Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=78; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 20 1 None 44 2 For one activity 14 3 For two or more activities 293 NA NA SCCS.v588. Community-wide Exclusively Female Work Groups Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=72; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 45 1 None 27 2 For one or more activity 299 NA NA SCCS.v589. Degree of Segregation in Subsistence Activities Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=77; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 15 1 Men and women are sharply segregated 41 2 Some segregation 21 3 Little or no segregation in these activities 294 NA NA SCCS.v590. Inheritance of Property of Some Economic Value Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=71; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 18 1 Only males, or males except in unusual circumstances 27 2 Both, but males have definite preference 22 3 Roughly equal inheritance rights by sex 4 4 Female preference, or exclusive female rights 300 NA NA SCCS.v591. Ownership or Control of the Use of Dwellings Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=72; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 22 1 Solely by men 12 2 Most owned by men 25 3 Equal ownership, or no preferential rights 13 4 Most or all owned or controlled by women 299 NA NA SCCS.v592. Control of Disposal and Use of Fruits of the Labor Done Solely by Men Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 30 1 Men have virtually total say 41 2 Men have predominant say, or no indication of preference 12 3 Men and women have equal say 9 4 Women have the predominant or total say 279 NA NA SCCS.v593. Control of Disposal and Use of Fruits of the Labor Done by Men and Women Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=81; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 7 1 Men have virtually total say 6 2 Men have the predominant say 60 3 Men and women have equal say, or no indication of preference 8 4 Women have the predominant or total say 290 NA NA SCCS.v594. Control of Disposal and Use of Fruits of the Labor Done Solely by Women Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 6 1 Men have virtually total say or predominant say 10 2 Men and women have equal say 62 3 Women have the predominant say, or no indication of preference 14 4 Women have virtually total say 279 NA NA SCCS.v595. Men's Domestic Work Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 47 1 Males do virtually none, females virtually all 45 2 Males do some, but mostly done by females 279 NA NA SCCS.v596. (No) Double Standard in Regard to Premarital Sex { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=73; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 32 1 Yes 41 2 No, equal restrictions on male and female 298 NA NA SCCS.v597. (No) Double Standard in Regard to Extramarital Sex { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=75; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 32 1 Yes 41 2 No, equal restrictions 2 3 Male punished more severely for transgression 296 NA NA SCCS.v598. Extramarital Affairs of Married Women Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=86; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 40 1 Not allowed, and apparently rare 29 2 Not allowed, but apparently not uncommon 17 3 Allowed, or very common 285 NA NA SCCS.v599. Menstrual Taboos Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=62; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 11 1 No menstrual taboos 15 2 Rule vs. intercourse with menstruating woman 9 3 Personal restrictions on menstruants, e.g., dietary 3 4 Stated belief that menstrual blood is dangerous to men 3 5 A rule that menstruating women may not cook for men 6 6 Menstruating women are segregated from men, perhaps in a menstrual hut 15 7 A rule that menstruating women may not have contact with some male things, e.g., fishing gear, bows 309 NA NA SCCS.v600. The Role of Men and Women in Procreation Understood Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 7 1 Men are thought to play the more important role 80 2 Belief in roughly equal contributions, or no evidence of greater contribution by either sex 6 3 Women are thought to play the more important role 278 NA NA SCCS.v601. Sexual Drives and Urges Understood Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 17 1 Men are thought to have stronger urges 71 2 Belief that urges are roughly equal, or no evidence of belief in greater urges by either sex 5 3 Women are thought to have stronger urges 278 NA NA SCCS.v602. (No) Explicit View That Sexual Activity Is Dangerous or Contaminating { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=68; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 15 1 Yes 53 2 No 303 NA NA SCCS.v603. Role of the Older Generation in Arranging Marriages (1st Marriages Only) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=83; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 13 1 Males monopolize arrangement 33 2 Both males and females participate, males have more say 28 3 Both participate, and with roughly equal say 9 4 Both males and females participate, females have more say 288 NA NA SCCS.v604. Voice of the Potential Bride and Groom in Marriage Decisions Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=80; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 4 1 Only the groom can initiate or refuse a match 27 2 Groom has more ability to initiate or refuse 46 3 Equal ability to initiate or refuse a match 3 4 Bride has more ability to initiate or refuse 291 NA NA SCCS.v605. Marriage Payments Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=77; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 5 1 Woman exchange 36 2 Substantial bride price 10 3 Bride service 10 4 Token bride price 10 5 Gift exchange 6 6 Dowry 294 NA NA SCCS.v606. Preferred Marriage Forms Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 22 1 Polygynous unions over 20 pct 36 2 Polygynous unions under 20 pct 34 3 Monogamy 1 4 Polyandry 278 NA NA SCCS.v607. (No Male) Multiple Spouses { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 71 1 Only for males 4 2 For both, but more commonly for males 15 3 For neither 2 4 For both, but more commonly for females 279 NA NA SCCS.v608. (No) Levirate { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=76; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 54 1 Present 22 2 Absent 295 NA NA SCCS.v609. Relative Distances Moved by the Bride and Groom Away from Their Families of Orientation at First Marriage Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=84; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 58 1 The female moves farther away 7 2 About equal distance 19 3 The male moves farther away 287 NA NA SCCS.v610. Relative Ease of Initiating Divorce Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 5 1 Divorce is in theory only available to male 12 2 Divorce is possible for both, but more difficult for female 72 3 Divorce equally possible, no indication of bias 4 4 Divorce is possible for both, but more difficult for male, or in theory only available to female 278 NA NA SCCS.v611. Relative Ease of Remarriage Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=85; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 21 1 Possible for both, but fewer obstacles for men 64 2 Equally possible for both men and women 286 NA NA SCCS.v612. Average Relative Age at First Marriage of Men and of Women Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=70; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 2 1 Women generally older 7 2 Ages about equal 12 3 Men 1-2 years older 18 4 Men 3-4 years older 31 5 Men more than 4 years older 301 NA NA SCCS.v613. Final Authority over the Care, Handling and Discipline of Infants Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=67; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 12 1 monopolized by males, or males have more say 11 2 is divided roughly equally 21 3 is divided, but females have more say 23 4 is monopolized by females 304 NA NA SCCS.v614. Final Authority over the Up-bringing and Discipline of Post-infant Unmarried Children Living in the Home Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=68; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 11 1 is virtually monopolized by males 14 2 is divided, but males have more say 34 3 is divided roughly equally 9 4 is divided but females have more say, or final say is virtually monopolized by females 303 NA NA SCCS.v615. Wife to Husband Institutionalized Deference (Guttman Scale) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=84; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 29 1 None of the following coded 15 2 Husband dominates domestic decision making 21 3 + Wife excluded from many social gatherings 9 4 + Wife rarely disputes husband 7 5 + Husband has seating priority 3 6 + Wife kneels and bows when greeting husband 287 NA NA SCCS.v616. A Stated Preference for Children of One Sex Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 28 1 For males 54 2 Equal, no preference 11 3 For females 278 NA NA SCCS.v617. Any Evidence of Infanticide Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=71; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 6 1 Mostly for females 64 2 For both, or for neither 1 3 Mostly for males 300 NA NA SCCS.v618. Early Training for Adult Duties Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 1 1 Boys are trained earlier generally 70 2 Training begins at roughly equal ages, no stated bias by sex 22 3 Girls are trained earlier generally 278 NA NA SCCS.v619. Punishment for Equal Misbehavior Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 3 1 Boys are punished more severely 82 2 Punishment about equal, no stated bias by sex 8 3 Girls are punished more severely 278 NA NA SCCS.v620. Physical Punishment of the Spouse Condoned Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=63; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 39 1 Only husband hitting wife generally 16 2 Physical punishment by neither 8 3 Either may hit the other, or only wife may hit husband 308 NA NA SCCS.v621. (No) Explicit View That Men Should and Do Dominate Their Wives { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=63; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 42 1 Yes 19 2 No, evidence of rough equality 2 3 No, evidence of wife dominance 308 NA NA SCCS.v622. Attendance and Participation in General Community Gathering Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=62; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 27 1 Only men, or both, but men more often or more prominently 35 2 Both equally, although perhaps segregated 309 NA NA SCCS.v623. Existence of General Female Initiation Ceremonies Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=76; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 36 1 No initiations for females 8 2 Customary minimal social recognition 10 3 +Personal dramatization of the initiate 12 4 +Organized social response 10 5 +Affective social response (e.g., punishment or operations 295 NA NA SCCS.v624. Any Belief That the Status of Women Has Changed in Folklore or History Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 6 1 A belief it has declined 83 2 No such belief, or no change 4 3 A belief it has improved 278 NA NA SCCS.v625. High Value Placed on Males Being Aggressive, Strong, and Sexually Potent Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=81; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 26 1 Marked emphasis 33 2 Moderate emphasis 22 3 Little or no emphasis 290 NA NA SCCS.v626. (No) Belief That Women Are Generally Inferior to Men { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 27 1 Yes 66 2 No such belief 278 NA NA SCCS.v627. A Statement That Women Have More Informal Influence than Formal Norms of the Society Would Make It Appear Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 49 1 No such statement or implication 25 2 A statement or implication of somewhat more informal influence 19 3 A statement or implicaton of much more informal influence 278 NA NA SCCS.v628. Property Control Scale Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 4 1 Women have low control over property 19 2 2 60 3 3 10 4 Women have high control over property 278 NA NA SCCS.v629. Kin Power Scale Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 19 1 Low power of women in kinship contexts 52 2 2 22 3 High power of women in kinship contexts 278 NA NA SCCS.v630. Value of Life Scale Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 8 1 Low value placed on womens lives 37 2 2 48 3 High value placed on womens lives 278 NA NA SCCS.v631. Value of Labor Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 1 1 Low value of womens labor 9 2 2 40 3 3 34 4 4 9 5 High value of womens labor 278 NA NA SCCS.v632. Domestic Authority Scale Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=89; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 8 1 Low womens domestic authority 21 2 Med-Low 32 3 Med-High 28 4 High womens domestic authority 282 NA NA SCCS.v633. Ritualized Female Solidarity Scale Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 26 1 Low female solidarity 38 2 2 29 3 High female solidarity 278 NA NA SCCS.v634. Control of Sex Scale Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 3 1 Stricter controls over womens marital and sexual lives 56 2 2 33 3 More equal controls over womens marital and sexual lives 279 NA NA SCCS.v635. Ritualized Fear Scale Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 6 1 High ritualized fear of women 18 2 2 69 3 Low ritualized fear of women 278 NA NA SCCS.v636. Joint Participation Scale Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=91; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 10 1 Low joint participation of men and women 50 2 2 31 3 High joint participation of men and women 280 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Murdock, George P. 1970. Ethnology 9:165-207. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v637. Patterns for Grandparents Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=148; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 91 1 Bisexual Pattern 24 2 Merging Pattern 23 3 Bifurcate Bisexual Pattern 4 4 Matri-skewed Pattern 3 5 Null Pattern 1 7 Patri-Skewed Pattern 2 8 Rare Patterns 223 NA NA SCCS.v638. Patterns for Grandchildren Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=144; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 76 1 Merging Pattern 20 2 Bisexual Pattern 23 3 Self-Reciprocal Pattern 11 4 Bifurcate Bisexual Pattern 5 5 Null Pattern 4 6 Speakers Sex Pattern 2 7 Bifurcate Pattern 3 8 Bifuracte Speakers Sex Pattern 227 NA NA SCCS.v639. Patterns for Uncles Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=148; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 44 1 Simple Bifurcate Merging Pattern 47 2 Simple Bifurcate Collateral Pattern 21 3 Skewed Bifurcate Collateral Pattern 19 4 Lineal Pattern 7 5 Generation Pattern 2 6 Age-Differentiated Bifurcate Collateral Pattern 6 7 Relative Age Pattern 1 8 Speaker-Differentiated Bifurcate Merging Pattern 1 9 Speaker-Differentiated Bifurcate Collateral Pattern 223 NA NA SCCS.v640. Patterns for Aunts Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=148; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 45 1 Simple Bifurcate Collateral Pattern 43 2 Bifurcate Merging Pattern 20 3 Lineal Pattern 14 4 Generation Pattern 16 5 Skewed Bifurcate Collateral Pattern 6 6 Relative Age Pattern 3 7 Age-Differentiated Bifurcate Collateral Pattern 1 9 Rare Patterns 223 NA NA SCCS.v641. Patterns for Nephews and Nieces (Male Speaking) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=144; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 32 1 Simple Bifurcate Merging Pattern 22 2 Sex-Differentiated Bifurcate Merging Pattern 20 3 Simple Bifurcate Collateral Pattern 15 4 Simple Lineal Pattern 17 5 Generation Pattern 16 6 Sex-Differentiated Lineal Pattern 15 7 Sex-Differentiated Bifurcate Collateral Pattern 3 8 Age-Skewed Bifurcate Collateral Pattern 3 11 Brother-Skewed Bifurcate Collateral Pattern 1 13 Rare Pattern between 5 and 7, distinguishing BrSo, SiSo, SbDa 227 NA NA SCCS.v642. Patterns for Siblings Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=146; Number of unique values=16 Freq Value Description 30 1 Dravidian Pattern 23 2 European Pattern 17 3 Yoruban Pattern 16 4 Algonkian Pattern 6 5 Kordofanian Pattern 9 6 Southern Bantu Pattern 9 7 East Polynesian Pattern 8 8 Quechuan Pattern 6 9 Carolinian Pattern 2 11 Caddoan Pattern 4 12 Malagasy Pattern 3 13 Jivaran Pattern 7 16 Rare Patterns 2 17 17 1 19 19 3 20 20 225 NA NA SCCS.v643. Patterns for Cross-cousins Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=147; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 43 1 Hawaiian Pattern 39 2 Iroquois Pattern 19 3 Eskimo Pattern 10 4 Omaha Pattern 19 5 Crow Pattern 10 6 Descriptive Pattern 7 7 Sudanese Pattern 224 NA NA SCCS.v644. Patterns for Siblings-in-law Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=112; Number of unique values=18 Freq Value Description 19 1 Merging Pattern 11 2 Simple Bisexual Pattern 15 3 Speakers Sex Bisexual Pattern 15 4 Opposite Sex Pattern 10 5 Null Pattern 5 6 Differentiated Pattern 5 7 Strongly Differentiated Pattern 4 8 Relative Sex Pattern 7 9 Sex-of-link Bisexual Pattern 3 10 Spouses Sibling vs. Siblings Spouse Pattern 1 12 Paired Bisexual Pattern 3 13 Potential Spouse Pattern 5 14 Same Sex Pattern 3 15 15 2 20 20 1 21 21 1 22 22 2 25 25 259 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: George P. Murdock and Suzanne Wilson. 1978. Ethnology 17:449-470. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v645. Theories of Infection Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=122; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 91 1 Absence of such a cause 30 2 Minor or relatively unimportant cause 1 4 Predominant cause recognized by the society 249 NA NA SCCS.v646. Theories of Stress Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=127; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 56 1 Absence of such a cause 68 2 Minor or relatively unimportant cause 3 3 An important auxiliary cause 244 NA NA SCCS.v647. Theories of Deterioration Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=128; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 99 1 Absence of such a cause 29 2 Minor or relatively unimportant cause 243 NA NA SCCS.v648. Theories of Accident Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=128; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 91 1 Absence of such a cause 37 2 Minor or relatively unimportant cause 243 NA NA SCCS.v649. Theories of Fate Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=127; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 99 1 Absence of such a cause 27 2 Minor or relatively unimportant cause 1 3 An important auxiliary cause 244 NA NA SCCS.v650. Theories of Ominous Sensation Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=127; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 90 1 Absence of such a cause 37 2 Minor or relatively unimportant cause 244 NA NA SCCS.v651. Theories of Contagion Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=128; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 81 1 Absence of such a cause 46 2 Minor or relatively unimportant cause 1 3 An important auxiliary cause 243 NA NA SCCS.v652. Theories of Mystical Retribution Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=131; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 26 1 Absence of such a cause 68 2 Minor or relatively unimportant cause 32 3 An important auxiliary cause 5 4 Predominant cause recognized by the society 240 NA NA SCCS.v653. Theories of Soul Loss Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=127; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 96 1 Absence of such a cause 30 2 Minor or relatively unimportant cause 1 3 An important auxiliary cause 244 NA NA SCCS.v654. Theories of Spirit Aggression Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=131; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 2 1 Absence of such a cause 18 2 Minor or relatively unimportant cause 37 3 An important auxiliary cause 74 4 Predominant cause recognized by the society 240 NA NA SCCS.v655. Theories of Sorcery Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=130; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 16 1 Absence of such a cause 45 2 Minor or relatively unimportant cause 45 3 An important auxiliary cause 24 4 Predominant cause recognized by the society 241 NA NA SCCS.v656. Theories of Witchcraft Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=131; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 81 1 Absence of such a cause 24 2 Minor or relatively unimportant cause 17 3 An important auxiliary cause 9 4 Predominant cause recognized by the society 240 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Sanday, Peggy. 1981. Female Power and Male Dominance. Previously unpublished. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v657. Flexible Marriage Mores (Divorce for Both Men and Women: or Mild Punishment for Adultery) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=142; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 28 1 Absent 114 2 Present 229 NA NA SCCS.v658. Females Produce Goods for Nondomestic Distribution Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=152; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 27 1 Absent 125 2 Present 219 NA NA SCCS.v659. Demand for Female Produce beyond Household Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 40 1 Absent 95 2 Present 236 NA NA SCCS.v660. Female Economic Control of Products of Own Labor Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=139; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 41 1 Absent 98 2 Present 232 NA NA SCCS.v661. Female Political Participation, at Least Informal Influence Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=145; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 62 1 Absent 83 2 Present 226 NA NA SCCS.v662. Female Solidarity Groups, Formal or Informal Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=130; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 93 1 Absent 37 2 Present 241 NA NA SCCS.v663. Female Power Guttman Scale Constructed from 657-662 Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=133; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 11 1 all items absent 9 2 flexible marriage mores only (657) 5 3 plus female nondomestic production (658) 13 4 plus demand for female produce (659) 23 5 plus female economic control (660) 41 6 plus female political participation (661) 31 7 plus female solidarity groups (662) 238 NA NA SCCS.v664. Ideology of Male Toughness Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=108; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 21 1 Absent 87 2 Present 263 NA NA SCCS.v665. Male Segregation { One or More Places Where Males Congregate Alone, or Males Occupy a Separate Part of the Household, or There Is Sharp Ceremonial Segregation of the Sexes. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=111; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 24 1 Absent 87 2 Present 260 NA NA SCCS.v666. Moderate or Frequent Interpersonal Violence Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=131; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 43 1 Absent 88 2 Present 240 NA NA SCCS.v667. Rape: Incidents Reports, or Thought of as Means of Punishment Women, or Part of Ceremony Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=95; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 45 1 Absent 50 2 Present 276 NA NA SCCS.v668. At Least Some Wives Taken from Hostile Groups Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=131; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 84 1 Absent 47 2 Present 240 NA NA SCCS.v669. Male Aggression Guttman Scale Constructed from 664-668 Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=107; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 15 1 no items present (none of 664-668) 5 2 ideology of male toughness only (664) 18 3 plus separate places for men (665) 12 4 plus interpersonal violence (666) 19 5 plus rape institutionalized or reported (667) 38 6 plus taking wives from hostile groups (668) 264 NA NA SCCS.v670. Composite of Male Dominance Constructed from 663 plus 669 (657-669) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=139; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 45 1 sexes `equal -- i.e., female power scale 5 or above, and male aggression scale 4 or below 55 2 `mythical male -- female power scale 5 or above, and male aggression scale 5 or above 39 3 sexes `unequal -- female power scale 4 or below 232 NA NA SCCS.v671. Menstrual Taboos (H16) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 8 1 no menstrual restrictions 26 2 one restriction present 25 3 two restrictions 17 4 three 15 5 four 19 6 five 261 NA NA SCCS.v672. Male Avoidance of Female Sexuality (A11) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=116; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 26 1 none 51 2 sexual intercourse prohibited during menstruation 31 3 sexual intercourse prohibited at other times also 8 4 men avoid or fear female genitals Creation Stories 255 NA NA SCCS.v673. Sex of Creative Agent, Ancestor, or Culture-hero Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 6 1 Female 2 2 Sexless 6 3 Couple 9 4 Male 3 5 Animal 13 6 Supreme being or force 332 NA NA SCCS.v674. Origin of First Creator or Ancestor Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 13 1 From within (`feminine) 3 2 From within and without 21 3 From without (`masculine) 2 4 Void 332 NA NA SCCS.v675. Mode of First-mentioned Creation Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 14 1 From the body: Union and/or birth 2 2 From the body: Self-propagation 20 3 From other than the body 3 4 Cannot be determined 332 NA NA SCCS.v676. Creation Stories { (Composite of 675 and 674, plus Additional Societies) Sanday P244: Masculine-feminine (Reverse) and Inner-outer } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=112; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 20 1 feminine symbolism 36 2 couple symbolism 56 3 masculine symbolism 259 NA NA SCCS.v677. Migration Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 47 1 aboriginal area or migrated centures ago 58 2 recent migration, within past 100-150 years, or people are said to be migrating conquerors 266 NA NA SCCS.v678. Food Stress or Hunger Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=138; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 47 1 food constant 62 2 occasional hunger or famine 26 3 periodic or chronic hunger 3 4 starvation or evidence of protein deficiency (note: exact coding distinction between 3 and 4 unclear) 233 NA NA SCCS.v679. Warfare or Fighting Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=133; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 41 1 absent or occasional or periodical 92 2 frequent or endemic 238 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Whyte, Martin K. 1978. The Status of Women in PreIndustrial Societies. Princeton University Press. Previously Unpublished. ----------------------------------------------------------- Only the odd numbered societies are coded in this study. SCCS.v680. Plow Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 66 1 Absent 26 2 Present 279 NA NA SCCS.v681. Irrigation Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=86; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 55 1 Absent 31 2 Present 285 NA NA SCCS.v682. Cereal Grains the Principal Crop Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 45 1 Absent 47 2 Present 279 NA NA SCCS.v683. Roots or Tubers the Principal Crop Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 71 1 Absent 22 2 Present 278 NA NA SCCS.v684. Tree Fruits and Starches the Principal Crops Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 82 1 Absent 10 2 Present 279 NA NA SCCS.v685. Large Nonmilked Aboriginal Domestic Animals Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=87; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 75 1 Absent 12 2 Present 284 NA NA SCCS.v686. Large Milked Aboriginal Domestic Animals Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=90; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 61 1 Absent 29 2 Present 281 NA NA SCCS.v687. Small Aboriginal Domestic Animals - excluding Dogs, Cats, Fowl, Guinea Pigs Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=88; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 39 1 Absent 49 2 Present 283 NA NA SCCS.v688. Large Domestic Animals, Only since European Contact Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=89; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 77 1 Absent 12 2 Present 282 NA NA SCCS.v689. Small Domestic Animals, Only since European Contact Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=80; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 71 1 Absent 9 2 Present 291 NA NA SCCS.v690. Large Animals Are Hunted and Important to the Diet Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=86; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 44 1 Absent 42 2 Present 285 NA NA SCCS.v691. Small Animals Are Hunted and Important to the Diet Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=82; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 35 1 Absent 47 2 Present 289 NA NA SCCS.v692. Intermediate Animals Are Hunted and Important to the Diet Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=82; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 33 1 Absent 49 2 Present Warfare 289 NA NA SCCS.v693. Frequency of Intercommunity Armed Conflict Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=91; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 49 1 Past, supralocal, or absent 42 2 Present and endemic local warfare (collapsed from an original five categories) 280 NA NA SCCS.v694. Male Initiation Ceremonies (Guttman Scale - See Frank Young, 1965) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=75; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 37 1 No initiation 10 2 Minimal social recognition 7 3 Personal dramatization of the initiate 3 4 Organized social response 18 5 Affective social response: beating, hazing or operations 296 NA NA SCCS.v695. Male Solidarity (Guttman Scale - See Young and Bacdayan 1965) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 57 1 No institutionalized male solidarity 7 2 Some exclusive male activity protected by physical or normative barriers 6 3 Ritualization given to this activity 14 4 Definite ranking of men within this activity 9 5 War training or planning a part of this activity 278 NA NA SCCS.v696. Matrilineal Descent Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 76 1 Patrilineal, dual, bilateral, or other 17 2 Matrilineal 278 NA NA SCCS.v697. Matrilocal Residence Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=90; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 72 1 All other 18 2 Matrilocal Extended Families 281 NA NA SCCS.v698. Preferred Family Form (Adapted from Murdock 1961) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=89; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 26 1 Nuclear 23 2 Stem 10 3 Lineal 30 4 Extended 282 NA NA SCCS.v699. Political Organization (Adapted from Murdock 1961, P. 207) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 11 1 Absence of local political integration - family heads acknowledge no higher authority 40 2 Autonomous local community -- population below 1500 13 3 Minimal State -- political integration in independent units averaging 1500 - 10,000 27 4 Little State -- political integration in independent units averaging 10,000 - 100,000 2 5 State political integration in a unit of 100,000 plu 278 NA NA SCCS.v700. Crimes against Person Punished Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 37 1 By person or group wronged 55 2 By government action 279 NA NA SCCS.v701. (No) Government Full-time Bureaucrats { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 62 1 Full time bureaucrats unrelated to government head 30 2 No full time bureaucrats, or only relatives of head 279 NA NA SCCS.v702. Community Is Part of a Kingdom { Defined as a Centralized Political Unit with Centralized Organs of Political Control, Power to Tax, and Rule Concentrated in a Single Office, Which Is Hereditary : following Stephens 1963 } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=87; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 70 1 No 17 2 Yes 284 NA NA SCCS.v703. Community Part of a Kingdom in the past That No Longer Exists Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=87; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 74 1 No 13 2 Yes 284 NA NA SCCS.v704. Private Property Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=84; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 70 1 Present 14 2 Absent 287 NA NA SCCS.v705. Settlement Type Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 7 1 Fully migratory or nomadic bands 21 2 Seminomadic - bands which wander for at least half the year, but occupy a fixed settlement for some season(s) 22 3 Neighborhoods of dispersed family settlements 28 4 Separated hamlets, where several form more or less a single permanent community 12 5 Compact and permanent village or town 3 6 Complex settlements surrounded by homesteads or hamlets considered part of the community 278 NA NA SCCS.v706. Metalworking Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=86; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 33 1 Absent 53 2 Present 285 NA NA SCCS.v707. Manufacture of Pottery Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=90; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 26 1 Absent 64 2 Present 281 NA NA SCCS.v708. True Weaving Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=86; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 43 1 Absent 43 2 Present 285 NA NA SCCS.v709. Social Stratification in the Larger Society Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 24 1 Lack of significant stratification among free men 31 2 Differences in wealth and control, but not crystallized into distinct and hereditary social classes 11 3 Dual stratification into hereditary elites and commoners 26 4 Complex stratification into three or more classes/castes 279 NA NA SCCS.v710. Social Stratification in the Local Community Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=91; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 29 1 Lack of significant stratification among free men 36 2 Differences in wealth and control, but not crystallized into distinct and hereditary social classes 8 3 Dual stratification into hereditary elites and commoners 18 4 Complex stratification into three or more classes/castes 280 NA NA SCCS.v711. Societal Complexity (Guttman Scale - Freeman and Winch 1957) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 37 1 Absence of all traits in scale 13 2 Crimes punished by government (704) 9 3 Full-time specialized priests 1 4 Formal education 8 5 Written language 25 6 Full-time bureaucrats (705) (scalability .643, a shade below accepted minimum of .65) 278 NA NA SCCS.v712. Institutionalized Envy { Scaled by Unweighted Sum for Presence or Absence of Four Correlated Indicators : (a) Men Imitate Women, (B) Women Imitate Men, and (C) Exclusive Mother-infant Sleeping, and (3) Exclusive Mother-child Sleeping) . Constructed Arithmetically from Means and Cutting Points. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=86; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 13 1 No items present 14 2 One or two item present 59 3 Three of four items present 285 NA NA SCCS.v713. (Pre-classical) Religion { inaccurate for 27, See 713rev from 1807: Additional 85 Coded) in a Previous Edition of the Codebook Codes 1-3 Were Reversed 3-1 as Were the Frequencies for the Named Categories. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 14 1 Classical religion (Xianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism) 31 2 Mixture of classical and preclassical 48 3 Preclassical 278 NA NA SCCS.v714. Sex Ratio Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=90; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 10 1 Female excess 60 2 Roughly equal 20 3 Male excess 281 NA NA SCCS.v715. Systematic Absences of Married Males (Military Service, Labor Elsewhere, Extended Trade Expeditions, etc.) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 38 1 No systematic absences 6 2 Systematic absences -- not presently, but within 6 memory of present adults 48 3 Systematic absences common presently 279 NA NA SCCS.v727. Importance of Agriculture in Subsistence, including Gardening Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 43 1 Dominant, the principal subsistence activity 20 2 Co-dominant with one or more other categories 6 3 Important, but not a major subsistence activity 2 4 Present, but relatively unimportant 22 5 Insignificant, sporadic, or absent 278 NA NA SCCS.v728. Importance of Animal Husbandry in Subsistence { Raising domestic animals, using milk, eggs, etc. -- even if this involves only the raising of draft animals for use in agriculture } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 6 1 Dominant, the principal subsistence activity 12 2 Co-dominant with one or more other categories 32 3 Important, but not a major subsistence activity 14 4 Present, but relatively unimportant 29 5 Insignificant, sporadic, or absent 278 NA NA SCCS.v729. Importance of Fishing, Shellfishing and Marine Hunting Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 4 1 Dominant, the principal subsistence activity 13 2 Co-dominant with one or more other categories 26 3 Important, but not a major subsistence activity 19 4 Present, but relatively unimportant 31 5 Insignificant, sporadic, or absent 278 NA NA SCCS.v730. Importance of Hunting and Gathering in Subsistence Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 12 1 Dominant, the principal subsistence activity 14 2 Co-dominant with one or more other categories 28 3 Important, but not a major subsistence activity 24 4 Present, but relatively unimportant 15 5 Insignificant, sporadic, or absent 278 NA NA SCCS.v731. Importance of Handicrafts, Manufacturing { Insofar as they contribute to subsistence, defined as supplying the overall needs for food, clothing, and shelter of the community } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 1 2 Co-dominant with one or more other categories 42 3 Important, but not a major subsistence activity 44 4 Present, but relatively unimportant 6 5 Insignificant, sporadic, or absent 278 NA NA SCCS.v732. Importance of Trade in Subsistence { Include trade conducted to gain needed subsistence items, not simply exchange of ceremonial items; measure of extent to which members of the community depend upon trading in order to acquire items needed for subsistence that they do not produce themselves } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 3 2 Co-dominant with one or more other categories 33 3 Important, but not a major subsistence activity 44 4 Present, but relatively unimportant 13 5 Insignificant, sporadic, or absent 278 NA NA SCCS.v733. Contribution of the Sexes to Agriculture Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 6 1 Male participation exclusively, or female contribution negligible 18 2 Male participation appreciably greater 22 3 Equal participation 17 4 Female participation appreciably greater 3 5 Female participation exclusively, or male contribution negligible 27 6 Activity conducted solely by slaves or members of servile classes, or does not apply, OR NO INFORMATION 278 NA NA SCCS.v734. Contribution of the Sexes to Animal Husbandry Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 12 1 Male participation exclusively, or female contribution negligible 17 2 Male participation appreciably greater 11 3 Equal participation 7 4 Female participation appreciably greater 4 5 Female participation exclusively, or male contribution negligible 42 6 Activity conducted solely by slaves or members of servile classes, or does not apply, OR NO INFORMATION 278 NA NA SCCS.v735. Contribution of the Sexes to Fishing, Shellfishing, and Marine Hunting Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 25 1 Male participation exclusively, or female contribution negligible 18 2 Male participation appreciably greater 13 3 Equal participation 2 4 Female participation appreciably greater 2 5 Female participation exclusively, or male contribution negligible 33 6 Activity conducted solely by slaves or members of servile classes, or does not apply, OR NO INFORMATION 278 NA NA SCCS.v736. Contribution of the Sexes to Hunting and Gathering Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 10 1 Male participation exclusively, or female contribution negligible 19 2 Male participation appreciably greater 37 3 Equal participation 6 4 Female participation appreciably greater 1 5 Female participation exclusively, or male contribution negligible 20 6 Activity conducted solely by slaves or members of servile classes, or does not apply, OR NO INFORMATION 278 NA NA SCCS.v737. Relative Contribution of the Sexes to Handicrafts and Manufacture Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 4 1 Male participation exclusively, or female contribution negligible 21 2 Male participation appreciably greater 44 3 Equal participation 10 4 Female participation appreciably greater 1 5 Female participation exclusively, or male contribution negligible 13 6 Activity conducted solely by slaves or members of servile classes, or does not apply, OR NO INFORMATION 278 NA NA SCCS.v738. Relative Contribution of the Sexes to Trade Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 16 1 Male participation exclusively, or female contribution negligible 15 2 Male participation appreciably greater 24 3 Equal participation 5 4 Female participation appreciably greater 3 5 Female participation exclusively, or male contribution negligible 30 6 Activity conducted solely by slaves or members of servile classes, or does not apply, OR NO INFORMATION 278 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Whyte, Martin K. 1978. The Status of Women in PreIndustrial Societies. Princeton University Press. Revised by Andrey Korotayev and Daria Khaltourina. Andrey Korotayev. 2004. World Religions and Social Evolution of the Old World Oikumene Civilizations: A Cross-cultural Perspective ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v713rev. Revised v713 Classical religions Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 39 1 Classical religion (Xianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism) 31 2 Mixture of classical and preclassical 116 3 Preclassical 185 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Broude, Gwen, and Sarah J. Greene. 1983. Ethnology 22:263-280. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v739. Marriage Arrangements Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=148; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 46 1 Individual selects and/or courts partner autonomously: approval by parents or others unnecessary 26 2 Individual selects and/or courts partner autonomously: parental, kin, and/or community approval necessary or highly desireable 5 3 Individual suggests partner to parents or others: arrangements for courtship or marriage then proceed if choice is approved OR parents ask approval of individuals to initiate a match OR individual is approached by parent or others on behalf of suitor and can accept or reject the match 27 4 Individual choice and arranged marriages are alternatives 25 5 Parents choose partner: individual can object 19 6 Parents choose partner: individual cannot easily object or rarely objects in fact 223 NA NA SCCS.v740. Marriage Arrangements (Female) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=151; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 12 1 Individual selects and/or courts partner autonomously: approval by parents or others unnecessary 40 2 Individual selects and/or courts partner authonomously: parental, kin, and/or community approval necessary or highly desireable 4 3 Individual suggests partner to parents or others; arrangements for courtship or marriage then proceed if choice is approved OR parents ask approval of individuals to initiate a match OR individual is approached by parent or others on behalf of suitor and can accept or reject the match 27 4 Individual choice and arranged marriages are alternatives 35 5 Parents choose partner: individual can object 33 6 Parents choose partner: individual cannot easily object or rarely objects in fact 220 NA NA SCCS.v741. Widow Remarriage: Choice of Partner Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 28 1 Widow chooses new husband herself with no outside interferences 27 2 Remarriage into first husbands kin group usually or preferred, but widow can choose new husband from elsewhere if she wishes 4 3 Widow chooses new husband herself, but from first husbands kin group or community 27 4 Widows husbands kin chooses new husband 6 5 Remarriage is absent, uncommon, or strongly disapproved 279 NA NA SCCS.v742. Time of Mourning before Remarriage of Widows Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 4 1 No period of mourning: remarriage as soon as possible 3 2 One week to two months of mourning 9 3 Over two months but less than one year of mourning 18 4 One year or over of mourning 5 5 No remarriage 332 NA NA SCCS.v743. (Neg) Attitude towards Divorce { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=60; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 11 1 Expected, accepted, tolerated, not disapproved 16 2 Mildly disapproved, e.g., attempts by others to reconcile couple, marriages expected to be permanent but divorce accepted without stigma if inevitable 11 3 Approved if reasons are considered justified; otherwise disapproved 11 4 Expected, accepted, tolerated, not disapproved in first years of marriage and/or before children; otherwise disapproved 11 5 Strongly disapproved; stigma attached to divorce 311 NA NA SCCS.v744. (Neg) Frequency of Divorce { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=85; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 8 1 Universal or almost universal 31 2 Common, frequent, not uncommon 11 3 Moderate: a small minority of couples divorce 10 4 Frequent in first years of marriage and/or before children; rare thereafter 25 5 Rare, isolated instances, never 286 NA NA SCCS.v745. Grounds for Divorce (Male) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=81; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 54 1 No grounds necessary for divorce; divorce equaly easy or difficult with out without justification 17 2 Grounds not absolutely necessary, but divorce is financially, legally and/or socially earlier with them 7 3 Divorce only with grounds 3 4 No divorce 290 NA NA SCCS.v746. Grounds for Divorce (Female) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=82; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 39 1 No grounds necessary for divorce; divorce equally easy or difficult with or without justification 30 2 Grounds not absolutely necessary, but divorce is financially, legally and/or socially earier with them 9 3 Divorce only with grounds 4 4 No divorce 289 NA NA SCCS.v747. Honeymoon Customs Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 6 1 Couple goes off alone or is secluded for some period 7 2 Special schedules set up to allow couple to spend time together; e.g., coule given special dispensation to work together, visit or receive visitors together 20 3 Special schedules set up for newlyweds, but not necessarily for the purpose of allowing them time together, e.g., wife excused from housework, visitors received by spouses separately, wife secluded 11 4 No special arrangements for newlyweds 8 5 Newlyweds avoid each others, either by tradition or from shyness 319 NA NA SCCS.v748. Customs Surrounding Consummation of Marriage Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=66; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 21 1 Socially recognized as a special occasion and couple granted privacy 6 2 Special occasion and private, but signal of consummation proof of potency, virginity awaited by others 8 3 Special occasion, others present 31 4 Not a special occasion 305 NA NA SCCS.v749. Living Arrangements for Newlyweds Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=116; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 43 1 Couple move into own house ideally or in reality 12 2 Couple move in with parents, but separate room or partitioned area is provided 29 3 Couple move in with parents for first year or so and then set up a separate household 27 4 Couple live permanently in extended family setting; no special arrangements for newlyweds 5 5 Couple live separated from each other for a period of time 255 NA NA SCCS.v750. (Distant) Sleeping Proximity between Husbands and Wives { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 43 1 Same room and close proximity: e.g., same bed, same blanket, touching, back to back, adjacent sleeping places allocated to spouses 15 2 Same room but no close proximity: e.g., different beds, different hammocks, different sections of room 45 3 Same room, proximity unknown 7 4 Different rooms 261 NA NA SCCS.v751. (Low) Privacy in Sleeping for Husbands and Wives (Only If Husband and Wife Sleep in Same Room) { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=90; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 6 1 Husband and wife sleep together alone or with infants 13 2 Husband and wife sleep with prepubescent children 6 3 Unmarried members of nuclear family sleep with husband and wife, but either sons or daughters sleep elsewhere after early childhood 22 4 All members of nuclear family below marriageable age sleep with husband and wife 11 5 Other adults occasionally sleep with husband and and wife; e.g., other adult dependents who are temporary members of the newlyweds household 32 6 Other adults permanently sleep with husband and wife 281 NA NA SCCS.v752. (No) Husband-wife Eating Arrangements { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 71 1 Husband and wife usually eat together 11 2 Husband and wife are together during meals; wife does not eat with husband, but serves him and/or converses 28 3 Husband and wife often, usually, or always eat apart 261 NA NA SCCS.v753. (No) Husband-wife Leisure Time Activities { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=98; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 4 1 Husband and wife usually spend leisure time together and at home, alone or with nuclear or extended family members 21 2 Husband and wife sometimes spend leisure time together at home, and sometimes together in a group (e.g., they go over or have visitors); same-sex activities may be present, but they are not salient 21 3 Husband and wife usually spend leisure time together, but group activities are emphasized: e.g., couple go to dances together, spend their time habitually in camp with others 28 4 Husband and wife sometimes spend leisure time together as a couple or in a group, but sex- segregated activities are also salient: e.g., couple goes to dances, market together, but then join same-sex group 24 5 Husband and wife generally spend leisure time apart: same-sex activities prgdominate 273 NA NA SCCS.v754. Wife-beating Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=70; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 14 1 Absent 56 2 Present 301 NA NA SCCS.v755. (No) Husband Attends Birth { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=68; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 11 1 Husbands expected or allowed to attend the births of their children and usually do 4 2 No taboo against presence of husband at births but husbands often (?) or usually are absent 4 3 Husbands attend births only in emergencies 8 4 Husbands not allowed to attend births, but have specific tasks or roles associated with labor or delivery 41 5 Husbands not allowed to attend births and are explicitly barred from playing any role in labor or delivery 303 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Marc Ross, 1983. Political Decision Making and Conflict: Additional Cross-Cultural Codes and Scales. Ethnology 22: 169-192. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v756. (Low) Political Role Differentiation: Full Time Specialists and Their Differentiation from Others in the Society { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=90; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 18 1 Highly differentiated by wealth, special titles or life style 10 2 Moderately differentiated 11 3 Somewhat wealthier but share much of life style by age, gender 7 4 Same life style, may be older and have somewhat more prestige 18 5 Few exist but leadership roles present, wealthier than others 15 6 Few exist but leadership roles present, same life style (as #4) 11 7 None exist, no permanent leadership roles 281 NA NA SCCS.v757. Political and Religious Differentiation Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=83; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 23 1 Consider overlap between political and religious leaders 30 2 Some overlap 30 3 Distinct 288 NA NA SCCS.v758. Local Community Leadership Selection: Basis Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=90; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 21 1 Kinship; highly constrained 25 2 Kinship; broad choice within group 31 3 Non-hereditary, personal characteristics involved 13 4 Informal, shifts across situations 281 NA NA SCCS.v759. Perceptions of Political Leaders' Power as Seen by Society Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=90; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 24 1 Very powerful 29 2 Somewhat powerful, often variable across leaders, situations 37 3 Limited 281 NA NA SCCS.v760. Perceptions of Political Leaders' Benevolence as Seen by Society Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=66; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 16 1 Capricious and arbitrary, power used to further own interests 13 2 Neither particularly malevolent nor benevolent in use of power 37 3 Basically benevolent, working in interest of entire community 305 NA NA SCCS.v761. Checks on Leaders' Power Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=86; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 5 1 Few, or those which exist not invoked very often 24 2 Checks exist which seem to make leaders sensitive to populace 38 3 Leaders carefully secure substantial support before taking action 19 4 No leaders act independently lest their community backing lost 285 NA NA SCCS.v762. (No) Removal of Leaders Who Are Incompetent or Disliked { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=77; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 11 1 No way other than rebellion or popular uprisings 18 2 Institutionalized means invoked occasionally, possibly by elites 30 3 Not removed in formal manner but lose influence and are ignored 18 4 No formal leadership, loss of power when support diminishes 294 NA NA SCCS.v763. (Low) Leaders' Exercise of Authority { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=87; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 24 1 Frequently act independently and make authoritative decisions 26 2 Make relatively few decisions on own without consultation 37 3 Use persuasion to help organized and structure group action 284 NA NA SCCS.v764. (Few) Decision Making Bodies: How Most Decisions Are Made { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=88; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 23 1 Individual(s), perhaps with advice of few advisors 16 2 Individual(s), working with an elite council 14 3 Individual(s), working with a broad based council 19 4 Broad based community council 16 5 Few explicit decisions, some made by community at large 283 NA NA SCCS.v765. (Low) Political Participation: Range of Community Decision Making { Extent to Which Community Control Is Exercised over Different Areas of Life through Collective Decision Making, Which May Be of a Formal or Informal Nature. (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=88; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 26 1 Collective decisions impinge on many aspects of peoples lives 18 2 Collective decisions impinge on a moderate number of areas 25 3 Collective decisions impinge on few aspects of peoples lives 19 4 Minimal collective decisions which impinge on peoples lives 283 NA NA SCCS.v766. (Low) Political Participation: Extensivity of Adult Participation in Areas Where Collective Decision Making Present { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=84; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 13 1 Widespread: decision making forums open to all adults and involvement is relatively great 31 2 High or some: widespread for some groups, but exclusion of others on the basis of gender, age, or kinship status 24 3 Moderate: some consultation present but low input from community 16 4 Low or non-existent: Leaders make most decisions and involvement of average person highly limited or absent 287 NA NA SCCS.v767. (No) Conflict (Social or Political) in the Local Community { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=90; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 4 1 Endemic: a reality of daily existence (e.g., physical violence, feuding, bitter factionalism) 20 2 High: Conflict present but not a pervasive aspect of daily life 46 3 Moderate: Disagreements and differences do not result in high violence or severe disruption 20 4 Mild or rare 281 NA NA SCCS.v768. (No) Conflict between Communities of the Same Society { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=89; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 25 1 Endemic: High physical violence, feuding, and/or raiding occur regularly 23 2 Moderately High, often involving physical violence 21 3 Moderate: Disputes may occur regularly but tendency to manage them in a more or less peaceful manner 20 4 Mild or rare 282 NA NA SCCS.v769. Conflict Management in Local Community: Dominant Mode Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=88; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 31 1 Conflicting parties encouraged to find a solution on their own 27 2 Conflicting parties easily draw new parties in but pressures for resolving disputes using informal mechanisms 30 3 Authorities often get involved and work to achieve a settlement 283 NA NA SCCS.v770. (No) Resort to Physical Force by Disputants in Settling Disputes, Exclusive of Police or Institutionalized Force, { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=90; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 34 1 Often used 32 2 Sometimes used 24 3 Rarely or never used 281 NA NA SCCS.v771. (No) Mediation/Negotiation/Arbitration: Third Parties in Disputes, Unable to Impose a Binding Decision, but May Facilitate Settlement { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=88; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 57 1 Often used (to settle disputes) 19 2 Sometimes used 12 3 Rarely or never used 283 NA NA SCCS.v772. (No) Litigation: Use of Third Parties Offering Binding Decisions, with or without Formal Court Systems { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=89; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 27 1 Frequent involvement in litigation by society members 21 2 Occasional involvement 41 3 Rare or non-involvement 282 NA NA SCCS.v773. (No) Internal Warfare (between Communities of Same Society) { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=85; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 31 1 Frequent, occurring at least yearly 14 2 Common, at least every five years 10 3 Occasional, at least every generation 30 4 Rare or never 286 NA NA SCCS.v774. (No) External Warfare (with Other Societies) { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=84; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 45 1 Frequent, occurring at least yearly 13 2 Common, at least every five years 6 3 Occasional, at least every generation 20 4 Rare or never 287 NA NA SCCS.v775. (Low) Compliance of Individuals with Community Norms and Decisions { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=86; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 43 1 High 31 2 Moderate 12 3 Highly Variable 285 NA NA SCCS.v776. (Few) Formal Sanctions and Enforcement for Community Decisions { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=90; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 23 1 Great sanctioning power available 32 2 Some 35 3 Little or none 281 NA NA SCCS.v777. (No) Enforcement Specialists (e.g., Police, Tax Collectors) { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=89; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 29 1 Present 21 2 Not specialized but done by leaders who do other things as well 39 3 Absent, or carried out by social pressure of wider community 282 NA NA SCCS.v778. (Low) Loyalty to the Local Community { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=83; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 30 1 Especially high 33 2 High 14 3 Moderate 6 4 Low 288 NA NA SCCS.v779. (Low) Loyalty to the Wider Society (in Some Cases Indistinguishable from the Local Community) { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=84; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 11 1 Especially high -- uniformly high across groups 16 2 High for the most part across groups in the society 33 3 Moderate -- some noticeable variation across groups in society 24 4 Low -- not terribly salient or rarely important as a concern 287 NA NA SCCS.v780. (Low) Hostility toward Other Societies { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=74; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 28 1 Extensive: bitter feelings toward almost all outsiders 18 2 High: bitter feelings toward outsiders, but not always 17 3 Moderate: sometimes bitter feelings, but much differentiation 11 4 Low: little hostility toward outsiders 297 NA NA SCCS.v781. (Un) Acceptability of Violence toward Members of the Local Community { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=86; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 7 2 Acceptable 18 3 Tolerated 61 4 Disapproved 285 NA NA SCCS.v782. (Un) Acceptability of Violence toward Members of the Same Society, but outside the Local Community { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=77; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 12 1 Valued 28 2 Acceptable 10 3 Tolerated 27 4 Disapproved 294 NA NA SCCS.v783. (Un) Acceptability of Violence toward People in Other Societies { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=64; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 39 1 Valued 16 2 Acceptable 3 3 Tolerated 6 4 Disapproved 307 NA NA SCCS.v784. (No) Taxation Paid to Community (e.g., in Agricultural Produce, Labor, Finished Goods) { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=85; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 31 1 Regular and non-negligible taxes to community 20 2 Only in special situations or Modest level 34 3 None 286 NA NA SCCS.v785. (No) Local Political Fission of Dissatisfied Persons { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=64; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 30 1 Often move to another community following disputes 20 2 Sometimes move to another community following disputes 14 3 Rarely or never move to another community following disputes 307 NA NA SCCS.v786. Adult Mobility Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=79; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 18 1 Adults generally attached to particular communities throughout their lives, especially after marriage 22 2 Individuals occasionally move to new communities as adults 39 3 Movement between communities is quite common for adults 292 NA NA SCCS.v787. (Low) Contact with Other Societies { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=87; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 45 1 Frequent, through trade, warfare, travel, etc. 28 2 Occasional but not often 14 3 Rare or never 284 NA NA SCCS.v788. Cross-cutting Ties: Extent to Which Individuals Living in Different Communities of the Same Society Linked Together in Politically Relevant Ways Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=89; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 34 1 No politically relevant links, formal organizations, or strong informal obligations which extend beyond the local community 30 2 Some politically relevant ties, but wider society divided into some discrete groups not linked through cross-cutting ties 25 3 Cross-cutting ties link individuals throughout the society, cutting across territorial groups in one or more ways 282 NA NA SCCS.v789. Type of Cross-cutting Ties: Age Organizations (Grades, Sets) Cutting across Communities Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=89; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 78 1 Absent 5 2 Present but not politically important 6 3 Present and political important 282 NA NA SCCS.v790. Type of Cross-cutting Ties: Kinship Organizations Cutting across Communities Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=90; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 23 1 Absent 27 2 Present but not politically important 40 3 Present and political important 281 NA NA SCCS.v791. Type of Cross-cutting Ties: Moieties Cutting across Communities Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=89; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 76 1 Absent 8 2 Present but not politically important 5 3 Present and political important 282 NA NA SCCS.v792. Types of Cross-cutting Ties: Ritual Organizations (Religious, Cult Groups) Cutting across Communities Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=89; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 42 1 Absent 27 2 Present but not politically important 20 3 Present and political important 282 NA NA SCCS.v793. (Low) Female Participation in Public Political Arenas, Relative to Males { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=80; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 8 1 High: in some situations equal to or greater than that of men 27 2 Significant but not as high as male involvement 19 3 Not great but clearly some role for women in public aspects of political life 26 4 Women generally excluded from public aspects of politics 291 NA NA SCCS.v794. (Low) Female Participation in Private Political Arenas, Relative to Males { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=66; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 35 1 High: in some situations equal to or greater than that of men 15 2 Significant but not as high as male involvement 12 3 Not great but clearly some role for women in private aspects of political life 4 4 Women do not seem to get involved in political life in private arenas 305 NA NA SCCS.v795. (Low) Gender Differences in Political or Quasi-political Positions of Authority { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=84; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 8 1 Women and men eligible for some of the same positions and women commonly do so 18 2 Women and men eligible for some of the same positions and women occasionally do so 7 3 Women rarely, if ever, hold some of the same positions regardless of rules of eligibility 51 4 The same political positions are not open to both women and men 287 NA NA SCCS.v796. (No) Separate Female Organizations and Positions { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=69; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 22 1 Some associations or organizations under exclusive control of women 15 2 No associations but some positions of authority for which only women are eligible 32 3 No associations or positions exclusively controlled by women 302 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Herbert Barry III and Alice Schlegel. 1982. Cross-Cultural Codes on Contributions by Women to Subsistence. Ethnology 21: 165-188. ----------------------------------------------------------- Percent Importance in Contribution to Subsistence and Trade Computed indirectly from variables 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 1. SCCS.v814. Importance of Agriculture Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=17 Freq Value 38 0 17 5 2 15 3 20 7 25 2 30 18 35 10 40 12 45 26 55 23 60 13 65 4 70 7 75 2 80 1 85 1 99 185 NA SCCS.v815. Importance of Domes. Anim Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=13 Freq Value 50 0 66 5 3 10 4 15 9 20 35 25 3 35 4 55 8 60 1 65 1 70 1 80 1 90 185 NA SCCS.v816. Importance of Fishing Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=15 Freq Value 30 0 78 5 2 10 5 15 8 20 39 25 1 35 5 40 3 45 2 50 3 55 1 60 3 65 4 70 2 90 185 NA SCCS.v817. Importance of Hunting Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=16 Freq Value 25 0 85 5 2 10 3 15 11 20 36 25 2 30 2 35 7 40 4 45 2 50 1 55 1 60 1 65 3 70 1 80 185 NA SCCS.v818. Importance of Gathering Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=13 Freq Value 20 0 116 5 1 10 1 15 10 20 22 25 2 30 2 35 3 40 5 45 1 50 1 65 2 75 185 NA SCCS.v819. Importance of Trade Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value 65 0 80 5 2 10 1 15 7 20 29 25 1 55 1 65 185 NA SCCS.v820. Principal Subsistence Category Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 10 1 G Gathering 16 2 H Hunting 23 3 F Fishing 18 4 I Incipient Agriculture 16 5 D Domestic Animals 46 6 E Extensive Agriculture 55 7 N Intensive Agriculture 2 8 T Trade 185 NA NA Percent Female Contribution to Subsistence Tasks computed indirectly from the variables 108-112 (agriculture), 113-115 (domestic animals), 101, 104, 107 (Fishing), 103, 105, 106 (Hunting), and 99, 100, 102 (Gathering) SCCS.v821. Percent Female Contribution to Agriculture Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=142; Number of unique values=29 Stat Value nobs 142 mean 39.38 min 0 max 100 sd 23.764 SCCS.v822. Percent Female Contribution to Domestic Animals Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=114; Number of unique values=31 Stat Value nobs 114 mean 43.974 min 0 max 100 sd 35.59 SCCS.v823. Percent Female Contribution to Fishing Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=140; Number of unique values=21 Freq Value Description 64 0 0 1 5 5 2 13 13 4 15 15 6 19 19 5 20 20 23 25 25 1 30 30 4 33 33 3 35 35 2 38 38 5 42 42 3 44 44 1 45 45 5 50 50 1 63 63 1 65 65 1 67 67 5 75 75 2 81 81 1 100 100 231 NA NA SCCS.v824. Percent Female Contribution to Hunting Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=158; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 138 0 0 4 5 5 4 8 8 2 10 10 1 13 13 4 15 15 1 17 17 1 20 20 1 25 25 2 33 33 213 NA NA SCCS.v825. Percent Female Contribution to Gathering Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=137; Number of unique values=26 Freq Value Description 14 0 0 1 11 11 1 19 19 8 25 25 1 30 30 1 31 31 3 33 33 4 38 38 1 39 39 1 40 40 2 42 42 3 45 45 13 50 50 7 56 56 1 57 57 2 58 58 2 60 60 2 63 63 1 65 65 2 67 67 2 69 69 1 70 70 23 75 75 1 81 81 2 88 88 38 100 100 234 NA NA SCCS.v826. Average Female Contribution to Subsistence { Percentages, Computed from Weighted Sum of Variables: (814x821 + 815x822 + 816x823 + 817x824 + 818x825)/(100-819). This differs from Barry's calculations by at most 1%. Two additional societies are coded with 50% or more trade dependence. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=63 Stat Value nobs 183 mean 32.869 min 0 max 79 sd 16.55 ============================================================ SOURCE: Herbert Barry, III, and Alice Schlegel. 1984. Measurements of Adolescent Sexual Behavior in the Standard Sample of Societies. Ethnology 23: 315-332. ----------------------------------------------------------- Encouragement of sexual behavior, taking into account its frequency, emotional intensity, importance, and variety (including range of partners) in adolescence. Heterosexual intercourse is the principal criterion, but heterosexual foreplay, masturbation, homosexuality, sexual jokes, and exposing the genitals were also considered. SCCS.v827. Sexual Expression in Adolescent Boys Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=154; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 9 1 1 27 2 Not approved or admired by parents or authorities Mild forms (e.g. sexual jokes) sometimes approved. 5 3 3 12 4 4 33 5 Normally and generally approved [by parents, etc.] Moderate frequency, intensity, importance, variety 15 6 6 7 7 7 44 8 Strongly approved and valued [by parents, etc.] High frequency, variety of sexual behavior admired. 2 9 9 217 NA NA SCCS.v828. Sexual Expression in Adolescent Girls Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=158; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 1 0 0 23 1 1 37 2 Not approved or admired by parents or authorities Mild forms (e.g. sexual jokes) sometimes approved. 3 3 3 10 4 4 31 5 Normally and generally approved [by parents, etc.] Moderate frequency, intensity, importance, variety 9 6 6 7 7 7 34 8 Strongly approved and valued [by parents, etc.] High frequency, variety of sexual behavior admired. 3 9 9 213 NA NA The absence of sexual restraints such as taboos or restrictions on heterosexual intercourse and other erotic behavior, including heterosexual play, masturbation, and homosexuality. A high degree of modesty, such as the requirement to keep the genitals constantly covered in public, indicates moderate restraint. Incest taboos, if highly emphasized or widely extended, are considered as indicators of restraint. Note: Sexual nonrestraint = Sexual expression + 1 more or less. The authors indicate the advisability of using the sum of the two scores as a Sexual Freedom index. SCCS.v829. Sexual Nonrestraint in Adolescent Boys Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=155; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 4 1 1 21 2 Strictly and effectively prohibited 7 3 3 10 4 4 30 5 Disapproved and punished mildly and inconsistent 13 6 6 5 7 7 45 8 Condoned and not generally punished 20 9 9 216 NA NA SCCS.v830. Sexual Nonrestraint in Adolescent Girls Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=159; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 1 0 0 7 1 1 36 2 Strictly and effectively prohibited 10 3 3 9 4 4 32 5 Disapproved and punished mildly and inconsistent 9 6 6 3 7 7 37 8 Condoned and not generally punished 15 9 9 212 NA NA Differentiation of adolescent from preadolescent activities, status, and all other attributes of behavior and self-concept SCCS.v831. Differentiation of Adolescence from Childhood for Boys Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=166; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 48 1 Low, mostly the same, no formal transition. Frequent companionship between the two stages 57 2 Substantial, but inconsistent, not formalized, or companionship only for some activities 61 3 High, with formal transition. Infrequent companionship with younger children. 205 NA NA SCCS.v832. Differentiation of Adolescence from Childhood for Girls Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=164; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 62 1 Low, mostly the same, no formal transition. Frequent companionship between the two stages 59 2 Substantial, but inconsistent, not formalized, or companionship only for some activities 43 3 High, with formal transition. Infrequent companionship with younger children. 207 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: George P. Murdock and Douglas R. White. 1969. Standard Cross-Cultural Sample. Ethnology 8: 329-369. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v833. Subsistence Economy: Dominant Mode Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 56 1 Advanced Agriculture 18 2 Horticulture 51 3 Simple or Shifting Cultivation 15 4 Domestic Animals 1 5 Exchange 17 6 Fishing 13 7 Gathering 15 8 Hunting 185 NA NA SCCS.v834. Subsistence Economy: Subsidiary Mode Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=96; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 2 1 Advanced Agriculture 33 4 Domestic Animals 3 5 Exchange 22 6 Fishing 10 7 Gathering 26 8 Hunting 275 NA NA SCCS.v835. Political Integration Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 80 1 Independent local communities 49 2 Single level of political integration 24 3 Two levels of supra-community integration 33 4 Three or more levels of supra-community integration 185 NA NA SCCS.v836. Rule of Descent: Primary Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 24 1 Matrilineal, with non-avunculocal residence 6 2 Matrilineal, with predominantly avunculocal residence 66 3 Nonlineal or bilateral, i.e., without lineages though often with personal kindreds 71 4 Patrilineal 2 5 Quasi-Patrilineal, incipient or decadent patrilineages (5) 10 6 Ambilineal, e.g., with nonunilineal ramages 6 8 Patrilineal, with Matrilineal secondary 1 9 Matrilineal, predominantly avunculocal residence, with Patrilineal secondary 185 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Douglas R. White, John W. M. Whiting, and Michael L. Burton. 1986. New Codes. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v854. Niche Temperature (Approximate) Adapted from William Goode, World Atlas Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 129 1 Very hot Af Am Aw Caf Caw BSh BWh 9 2 Hot Caw Hh_ BWn Bw 13 3 Warm Csb Cbw Hk BWk 14 4 Mild Cbf Cc BSk 3 5 Cool Daf Daw 4 6 Cold Dbf 11 7 Very cold Dcf Dcw 3 8 Polar ET 185 NA NA SCCS.v855. Niche Rainfall (Approximate) Adapted from William Goode, World Atlas Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 49 1 Tropical rainforest 36 2 Very wet 24 3 Wet 20 4 Moderately wet 35 5 Dry 3 6 Very dry 19 7 Desert 185 NA NA SCCS.v856. Niches Adapted from William Goode, World Atlas: No Key for Factor Levels Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=15 Freq Value Description 34 1 1 28 2 2 19 3 3 12 4 4 7 5 5 9 6 6 7 7 7 9 8 8 9 9 9 37 10 10 3 11 11 1 12 12 6 13 13 4 14 14 1 15 15 185 NA NA SCCS.v857. Climate Type - Ordered in Terms of Open Access to Rich Ecological Resources D. White and M. Burton L986 Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 6 1 Polar 38 2 Desert or cold steppe 50 3 Tropical rainforest 39 4 Moist temperate 45 5 Tropical savanna 8 6 Tropical highlands 185 NA NA levels 1-4 FORAGERS: 80% or more dependence on food collection levels 5-6 DOMESTICATED ANIMALS: Pastoralism >33% or Mounted Hunting levels 7-8 SHIFTING CULTIVATION: new field cleared annually, cultivated for a year or two, then allowed to revert to forest levels 9-10 HORTICULTURE: semi-intensive agriculture limited mainly to vegetal gardens or groves of fruit trees rather than field crops levels 11-12 INTENSIVE AGRICULTURE: permanent fields or short fallow and long period of use of fields, with fertilization by compost, animal manure, crop rotation, or other SCCS.v858. Subsistence Type - Ecological Classification D. White, 1984, after Karen and Jeffrey Paige (L981) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=11 Freq Value Description 9 1 Gathering 9 2 Hunting and/or Marine Animals 12 3 Fishing 8 4 Anadromous Fishing (spawning fish such as Salmon) 5 5 Mounted Hunting 18 6 Pastoralism 33 7 Shifting Cultivation, with digging sticks or wooden hoes 19 8 Shifting Cultivation, with metal hoes 18 9 Horticultural Gardens or Tree Fruits 23 11 Intensive Agriculture, with no plow 32 12 Intensive Agriculture, with plow 185 NA NA SCCS.v859. Resource Base - Reclassification of above, as per Paige and Paige Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=11 Freq Value Description 9 1 (2) Hunting and/or Marine Animals 9 2 (1) Gathering 12 3 (3) Fishing 5 4 (5) Mounted Hunting 33 5 (7) Shifting Cultivation, with digging sticks or wooden hoes 8 6 (4) Anadromous Fishing 18 7 (9) Horticultural Gardens or Tree Fruits 23 8 (11) Intensive Agriculture, with no plow 19 10 (8) Shifting Cultivation, with metal hoes 18 11 (6) Pastoralism 32 12 (12) Intensive Agriculture, with plow 185 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Douglas R. White. 1988. Rethinking Polygyny: Co-Wives, Codes, and Cultural Systems. Current Anthropology 29:529-559. (project begun in collaboration with Michael L. Burton, and John W. M. Whiting). ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v860. Cultural Basis of Polygyny Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=184; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 27 1 Monogamy prescribed 32 2 Monogamy preferred, but exceptional cases of polygyny 45 3 Polygyny preferred by individual men with leadership attributes (chiefs, medicine men, outstanding hunters) 34 4 Polygyny preferred by men of a higher social class: men of wealth, rank, nobility, etc. 46 5 Polygyny preferred by most men, and attained by most men of sufficient years or wealth to obtain wives. Thus: (a) older men usually have more wives; (b) polygyny is generally based on the accumulation of wealth; and (c) extra wives are an economic asset in terms of labor. 187 NA NA SCCS.v861. Standard Polygamy Code: Whyte, Murdock and Wilson, Murdock Atlas Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=178; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 2 0 Polyandry 27 1 Monogamy prescribed 33 2 Monogamy preferred, but exceptional cases of polygyny 56 3 Limited polygyny < 20 pct of married males 60 4 Full polygyny 20 pct or more of married males 193 NA NA NOTE: There is sufficient information for an exclusively non-sororal category, see especially Murdock's Africa (1959). Probably also sufficient for sororal preferred but not predominant. SCCS.v862. Sororal Polygyny Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=164; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 25 1 No polygyny (M) 94 2 Non-sororal polygyny predominant (Atlas PQ) (sororal may or may not be permitted) 36 3 Sororal or marriage to wifes kin predominant (Atlas RS) 9 4 Sororal or secondary marriage to wifes kin only 207 NA NA SCCS.v863. Distance between Co-wives Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=156; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 1 0 One wife, multiple husbands 25 1 One wife (Atlas M) 59 2 Co-residence for multiple wives (Atlas PR) 25 3 One wife resides with husband, others in separate houses 13 4 One wife resides with husband, others in separate communities 31 5 Separate housing in compound for every wife (Atlas QS) 2 6 Separate housing in village for every wife [as might occur, for example, with mens houses, e.g., Otoro - check] 215 NA NA SCCS.v864. Rooming Arrangement for Wives Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 130 1 Wife sleeps in same room with husband 50 2 Wife sleeps in room apart from husbands room, including cases of mens dormitories or 30 pct or more polygynously married women if co-wives sleep apart (e.g., Trobriand chiefs wives constitute circa 39 pct of the married women) 191 NA NA SCCS.v865. Rooming Arrangement for Husband Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=179; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 141 1 Husband has no room apart (dominant pattern, e.g., for Trobriand commoners) 38 2 Husband has a room apart, even if rotates among wives 192 NA NA SCCS.v866. Higher Rates of Polygyny for Men of Wealth, Rank, Nobility, or Higher Social Class Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=154; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 63 0 No Stratified polygyny 14 1 Hereditary upper social class (note: incompletely coded) 6 2 Achieved rank connected with groups (note: incompletely coded) 71 3 Achieved wealth - due to contributions of wives 217 NA NA SCCS.v867. Multiple Wives for Skilled Hunters Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=163; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 141 0 No, or unimportant 22 1 exceptional skill in hunting 208 NA NA SCCS.v868. Multiple Wives for Leaders, Headmen, Chiefs Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 95 0 No, or unimportant 67 1 Yes, or Leaders have more wives than commoners 209 NA NA NOTE: sometimes coded 0 for General polygyny although magicians also polygynous - unclear whether higher polygyny level should be required in this instance for this code SCCS.v869. Multiple Wives for Medicine Men or Shamans Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 141 0 No, or unimportant 20 1 Yes 210 NA NA NOTE: It is often difficult to distinguish secondary wives taken as slave concubines, or marriage to freed slaves, and wives taken from capture in warfare, as slavery areas often capture slaves SCCS.v870. Additional Wives or Concubines from Slavery or Capture in Warfare Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=158; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 92 1 No female captives 8 2 Women taken as captives but not married 58 3 Captives in war or slaves taken as wives or concubines 213 NA NA SCCS.v871. Percentage of Married Men with More than One Wife Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=145; Number of unique values=39 Stat Value nobs 145 mean 15.703 min 0 max 90 sd 19.578 SCCS.v872. Percentage of Married Women Polygynously Married (Share Husband with One or More Co-wives) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=143; Number of unique values=53 Stat Value nobs 143 mean 25.287 min 0 max 97 sd 27.855 SCCS.v874. Polygyny Data Source Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=140; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 55 1 Sample of over 100 married men 29 2 Sample of less than 100 married men, but of an entire settlement 48 3 Estimate from Ethnographer Statements 8 4 Estimate by Inference from Ethnographer Statements 231 NA NA SCCS.v876. Polygyny Distributions Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=51; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 25 1 True Binomial 26 2 Negative Binomial 320 NA NA SCCS.v877. Polygyny Guttman Scale I: Co-wife Autonomy Constructed from 854-852 Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=181; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 69 0 None of the following 51 1 Stratified Polygyny (854) only 6 2 Negative binomial (855), plus above 13 3 Marriage of female captives (858), plus above 7 4 General polygyny (849), plus above 9 5 Rooming apart (853), plus above 26 6 Polygynous compounds (852), plus above 190 NA NA SCCS.v878. Polygyny Guttman Scale II: Charismatic Constructed from 851-855 Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 44 0 None of the following 72 1 Rooming together (853) only 26 2 Co-Wives same dwelling (852), plus above 25 3 Sororal (851), plus above 9 4 Polygynous hunters (855), plus above 6 5 Exclusive sororal polygyny (851), plus above 189 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Michael J. Winkelman and Douglas R. White. 1986. Cross Cultural Study of Magico-Religious Practitioners: Database. World Cultures 2(3). ----------------------------------------------------------- Samples every 4th society in the Standard Sample (1, 5, 9, ...), but societies 9 and 185 have insufficient data to code; 2 added SCCS.v879. Shaman Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=47; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 34 0 Absent 13 1 Present 324 NA NA SCCS.v880. Shaman/Healer Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=47; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 36 0 Absent 11 1 Present 324 NA NA SCCS.v881. Healer Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=47; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 25 0 Absent 17 1 Present 5 2 Present - with characteristics of the Healer, but not 324 NA NA SCCS.v882. Medium Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=47; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 30 0 Absent 17 1 Present 324 NA NA SCCS.v883. Sorcerer/Witch Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=46; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 29 0 Absent 17 1 Present (Note: the Roman practitioner known as a 325 NA NA SCCS.v884. Priest Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=47; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 19 0 Absent 28 1 Present 324 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Douglas R. White. Scales constructed from existing codes. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v885. Female Contribution to Subsistence: Ethnographic Atlas Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=152; Number of unique values=31 Stat Value nobs 152 mean 34.658 min 0 max 75 sd 17.318 SCCS.v886. Female Contribution to Subsistence: Martin Whyte Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=72; Number of unique values=33 Stat Value nobs 72 mean 38.972 min 0 max 90 sd 16.074 SCCS.v887. Female Contribution to Subsistence: Barry and Schlegel Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=63 Stat Value nobs 185 mean 32.757 min 0 max 79 sd 16.635 SCCS.v888. Female Contribution to Subsistence: Maximal Difference of Three Scores Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=163; Number of unique values=39 Stat Value nobs 163 mean 14.607 min 0 max 52 sd 10.475 SCCS.v889. Female Contribution to Subsistence: Average of Three Scores Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=57 Stat Value nobs 185 mean 34.497 min 0 max 80 sd 15.308 SCCS.v890. Female Contribution to Subsistence: Average of Three Scores (Ordinated) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 5 0 0- 4 pct 13 1 5-14 pct 27 2 15-24 pct 45 3 25-34 pct 48 4 35-44 pct 34 5 45-54 pct 8 6 55-64 pct 4 7 65-74 pct 1 8 75-84 pct 186 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Valerie Wheeler [Nammour], l974. Drums and Guns: A Cross-Cultural Study of the Nature of War. Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Oregon. ----------------------------------------------------------- References cited: Naroll, Raoul. 1966. Does military deterrence deter? Trans-Action 3(2): 14-20. and Otterbein, Keith F. 1970. The Evolution of War: A Cross-cultural study. HRAF Press. SCCS.v891. Frequency of Internal War Otterbein (1970: 3, 84, 143) Definition of Internal War { (Var Label Reversed) Otterbein's (1970: 3, 84, 143) definition of internal war excludes feuding: warfare between political communities within the cultural unit, i.e., continguous political communities that are culturally similar. p. 3: Warfare is defined as armed combat between political communities. Armed combat, which is fighting with weapons, is performed by military organizations. When political communities within the same cultural unit engage in warfare, this is considered to be internal war. p. 143: If there is more than one military organization within a political community, and these ... engage in armed combat, this is considered feuding or civil war, depending on the scope of the conflict. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 17 1 Continual 54 2 Frequent 89 3 Infrequent 211 NA NA SCCS.v892. Frequency of External War - Attacking [follows Otterbein 1970: 84, 143-144] { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=157; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 31 1 Continual 61 2 Frequent 65 3 Infrequent 214 NA NA SCCS.v893. Frequency of External War - Being Attacked [follows Otterbein 1970: 84, 143-144] { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=153; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 26 1 Continual 67 2 Frequent 60 3 Infrequent 218 NA NA SCCS.v894. Form of Military Mobilization [adapted from Otterbein 1970: 144] { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 60 1 Age-grades, military societies, standing armies 86 2 None of above: but men organized as friends, family, lineage,clan 14 3 Absence of military organization altogether 211 NA NA SCCS.v895. Decision to Engage in War [follows Otterbein 1970: 28-29, 144] Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=137; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 102 1 Taken by official or council of the political community 35 2 Anyone 234 NA NA SCCS.v896. Commencement of War [follows Otterbein 1970: 32, 144] Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=133; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 21 1 By announcement 8 2 By mutual agreement 104 3 By surprise attack 238 NA NA SCCS.v897. Conclusion of War [follows Otterbein 1970: 35, 144] Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=133; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 61 1 By negotiation 52 2 By simply stopping 20 3 War is not ended but is continual 238 NA NA SCCS.v898. Peace Ceremony { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=82; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 61 1 Present 21 2 Absent 289 NA NA SCCS.v899. Military Expectations I-pre-state [follows Naroll L966, with Modifications by Otterbein 1970] { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=167; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 99 1 High, with any one of the following present: Subjugation of territory or people (909) Collection of tribute (910) Land - fields, hunting/fishing territory, pastures (911) Trophies and honors (including captives for sacrifice) (913) 68 2 Low, absence of any of the above 204 NA NA SCCS.v900. Military Expectations II-state { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=166; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 76 1 High, with any one of the following present: Subjugation of territory or people (909) Collection of tribute (910) Land - fields, hunting/fishing territory, pastures (911) 90 2 Low, absence of any of the above 205 NA NA SCCS.v901. Casualty Rate Poor Correlation with Ember 2005 Male Mortality in War [follows Otterbein 1970: 81, 146] { (Var Label Reversed) This has turned out to be a difficult variable to code; information does not exist in most cases. Wheeler l974:270 } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=79; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 35 1 High (1/3rd or more of combatants) 44 2 Low 292 NA NA SCCS.v902. Leadership during Battle [modified from Otterbein 1970: 23-28, 144] { When I drew up this variable, I neglected to allow for those cases where a leader has an official position -- appointed war chief, hereditary war chief -- and is very aware of the honor and respect of this office but still has no means to force followers to obey. His formality may be hollow if people choose to disregard his direction. Wheeler l974:272 } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=142; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 62 1 An official who could back up his decision by force 67 2 An informal leader whom people obeyed because of respect, but who had no means to force warriors to obey 13 3 Everyone is on his own 229 NA NA SCCS.v903. Prestige Associated with Being a Soldier or Warrior { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=151; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 61 1 A great deal; important for every male 64 2 some, not necessary to be a warrior to have influence in the community 26 3 No special consideration, respect, or distinctions for a man who fights 220 NA NA SCCS.v904. Cowardice: Defined As { This variable is a failure, but for an interesting reason. With very few exceptions, even including professionally trained ethnographers, observers simply do not state what action brings down an accusation of cowardice. Cowardice is often mentioned, but not what it is seen to be. Wheeler 1974: 273. } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=58; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 27 1 Refusing to fight 29 2 Leaving companions 2 3 Running away 313 NA NA SCCS.v905. Rewards (Special Gifts, Praises, or Ceremonies, Not including Ritual Purification for a Man Who Has Killed an Enemy in Battle or Otherwise Shown Skill in War) { (Var Label Reversed) This variable augments variable [903] Wheeler l974:273 } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=109; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 68 1 Yes, usually or always 16 2 Sometimes 25 3 Rarely or never 262 NA NA SCCS.v906. Did Members of the Society Expect Violence to Solve Their Problems? { (Var Label Reversed) My operationalization of this variable breaks all the methodological rules and consequently is vulnerable to attack... the coder has used his assessment of the material overall.... I think the variable is enormously important, and eventually I hope to build some rigor ... into it. Wheeler l974:274-5. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=129; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 71 1 Yes 58 2 No 242 NA NA SCCS.v907. Value of War: Violence/War against Non-members of the Group { (Var Label Reversed) This variable complements but does not duplicate, or resolve, variable [906].... Clumsy as this variable may seem, it was quite easy to code, largely due to clear observation by the ethnographer as to the value of war. The evidence may be comments by the observer, texts or poems and songs, or statements by the actors. Wheeler l974: 275 } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=146; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 72 1 Enjoyed and considered to have high value 51 2 Considered to be a necessary evil 23 3 Consistently avoided, denounced, not engaged in 225 NA NA SCCS.v908. Military Success : Is Political Community/Cultural Unit Winning or Losing in the Long Run { (Var Label Reversed) [Modified from Otterbein 1970 to include population as well as territory] } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 42 1 Yes -- its boundaries/population are expanding 63 2 No change -- boundaries/population stationary (the population is able to replace those lost in war) 8 3 Breaking even -- what it loses in territory it takes from others 59 4 No -- its boundaries/population are shrinking 199 NA NA SCCS.v909. Subjugation of Territory or People { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=168; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 35 1 Present 133 2 Absent or not mentioned 203 NA NA SCCS.v910. Collection of Tribute { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=168; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 18 1 Present 150 2 Absent or not mentioned 203 NA NA SCCS.v911. Acquisition of Land : Fields, Hunting/Fishing Territories, Pastures { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=168; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 50 1 Present 118 2 Absent or not mentioned 203 NA NA SCCS.v912. Plunder (including Captives for Slaves, Hostages, Adoption) { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=168; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 104 1 Present 64 2 Absent or not mentioned 203 NA NA SCCS.v913. Trophies and Honors (including Captives for Sacrifice) { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=168; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 49 1 Present 119 2 Absent or not mentioned 203 NA NA SCCS.v914. Revenge { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 111 1 Present 58 2 Absent or not mentioned 202 NA NA SCCS.v915. Defense { (Var Label Reversed) The coding of defense was generally difficult because so few authors specifically mentioned it. Following the rule [of coding no mentions as absences], I marked it as absent, I simply do not know where it was truly absent and where the ethnographer assumed that any ninny would know that it [must] exist. Otterbein (1970) also had difficulty coding this attribute because of such an assumption. Therefore, I do not consider my quantitative results on defense to be reliable. Otterbein made one useful distinction that I could not implement satisfactorily. He coded the military expectations in order of importance -- first, second, third. There were too many cases where I could not make such a judgment, even if the data on expectations per se were good. Wheeler l974:270. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=168; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 97 1 Present 71 2 Absent or not mentioned 203 NA NA SCCS.v916. Aggressive Defense (Pre-emptive Attack If Enemy Thought about to Attack) { (Var Label Reversed) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=167; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 13 1 Present 154 2 Absent or not mentioned 204 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Orlando Patterson. 1982. Slavery and Social Death: A Comparative Study. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. ----------------------------------------------------------- Definitions: Patterson defines slaveholding as permanent dominant violation of natally alienated and generally dishonored persons. This excludes non-hereditary slavery, and thus does not include what Murdock (1967: 166) classifies as incipient slavery. His focus is on slaveholding societies, and excludes societies largely composed of former slaves. SCCS.v917. Historical Frame for Pinpointing Date Where Slaveholding Present Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=23 Freq Value Description 119 -1 -1 1 0 0 1 1 No slaveholding 1 2 1750 BC 1 3 620 BC 1 4 Early 100s 1 5 1292 1 6 Early 1500s 1 7 Mid 1500s 1 8 1600-1650 1 9 Mid 1700s 2 10 Late 1700s 1 11 1780-1820 1 12 Early 1800s 2 13 1800-1910 4 14 1850-1950 15 15 1800s 7 16 Mid 1800s 1 18 Late 1800s - Early 1900s 10 19 Late 1800s - 1910 4 20 Late 1800s - 1930s 6 21 Early 1900s 3 22 1900 - 1920s 186 NA NA SCCS.v918. Manumission of Slaves Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 18 1 Infrequent 10 2 Not common 21 3 Frequent 17 4 No data on rates of manumission, but hereditary slaveholding is present by Pattersons definition 7 5 Hereditary slaveholding not present by Pattersons definition, although present by Murdocks definition 5 6 Hereditary slaveholding not present by Pattersons definition, although slavery present by Murdocks definition, unascertained as to whether hereditary 8 7 Hereditary slaveholding not present by Pattersons definition, although nonhereditary slavery present (e.g., slaves captured in warfare but not inherited) by Murdocks definition. 97 8 Slavery not present by either definition 2 9 Slavery not present by either definition, although the societies are largely composed of former slaves. 186 NA NA SCCS.v919. Large Scale Slaveholding Systems: Recency Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 168 0 Not present 6 1 Present at or immediate prior to pinpointing date 6 2 Present within past fifty years 3 3 Present within past one hundred yesrs 2 4 Present within past two hundred years 1 5 Present within past three hundred years 185 NA NA SCCS.v920. Large Scale Slaveholding Systems: Proportion of Slaves Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 168 0 Not present 5 1 1/6 to 1/3 of society, sometimes more 6 2 1/3 or more 5 3 more than 40 percent 1 4 more than 50 percent 1 5 more than 80 percent 185 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Frederic L. Pryor, 1986. The Adoption of Agriculture: Some Theoretical and Empirical Evidence. American Anthropologist 88:894-897. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v921. Agricultural Potential 1: Sum of Land Slope, Soils, Climate Scales Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=18 Freq Value Description 1 4 Poorest potential 1 6 6 5 8 8 1 9 9 2 10 10 7 11 11 8 12 12 5 13 13 14 14 14 10 15 15 16 16 16 24 17 17 25 18 18 29 19 19 24 20 20 7 21 21 5 22 22 2 23 Richest potential 185 NA NA SCCS.v922. Land Slope { Food and Agricultural Organization/Unesco. 1971-78. Soil Maps of the World. Unesco. [adjusted in Some Cases by Information Drawn from the Ethnographies] } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 29 4 Steeply dissected 15 5 5 36 6 Rolling to hilly (8 pct to 30 pct slope) 30 7 7 76 8 Level to gently undulating (0 to 8 pct slope) 185 NA NA SCCS.v924. Suitability of Soils for Agriculture { Food and Agricultural Organization/Unesco. 1971-78. Soil Maps of the World. Unesco. [qualitative Estimates from Soil Type Discussions] } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 4 0 Very Poor 30 2 Poor 3 3 3 99 4 Fair 11 5 5 30 6 Good 1 7 7 8 8 Very good 185 NA NA SCCS.v926. Climate Potential for Most Suitable Types of Crops { Papadakis, J. 1966. Climates of the World and their Agricultural Potential. Buenos Aires. [used to determine one of 73 climate types for each society] and Papadakis, J. 1970. Agricultural Potentialities of World Climates. Buenos Aires. [used to classify potentiality of climate type for different types of crops. Crops were divided into five classes: winter cereals, mid-season crops (sugar, beets, potatoes), other summer crops (cotton, peanuts, cassava), tree crops (bananas, coconuts), and summer cereals. For each a numerical climate rating was taken; the ratings for the two most favorable crop classes were averaged. Since some of these climate ratings assumed the presence of irrigation the ratings were adjusted as follows: (a) if rain index is 2 or less, subtract 5; (b) if rain index 3 or 4, subtract 3; (c) if rain index is above 4 but both leading crops require irrigation, subtract 3; (d) if rain index above 4 but one leading crop requires irrigation, subtract 1 ] } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 13 0 Non applicable, too cold for agriculture 14 3 Poor-Fair 8 4 Fair 21 5 Fair-Good 4 6 Good 47 7 Good-Very Good 79 8 Very good 185 NA NA SCCS.v928. Agricultural Potential 2: Lowest of Land Slope, Soils, Climate Scales Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 13 0 Lowest 27 2 Low 14 3 Medium-Low 92 4 Medium 16 5 Medium-High 17 6 High 3 7 High-Very High 4 8 Very High 185 NA NA SCCS.v929. Average Annual Rainfall { World Meteorological Organization. 1971. Climatological Norms (CLINO) for Climate and Climate Ship Stations for the period 1931-1960. Geneva. [corresponding to the weather station closed to the village or society] } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 4 0 0mm < rainfall < 20 mm 2 1 20mm < rainfall < 50 mm 14 2 50mm < rainfall < 100 mm 17 3 100mm < rainfall < 200 mm 1 4 200mm < rainfall < 400 mm 25 5 400mm < rainfall < 600 mm 13 7 800mm < rainfall < 1000 mm 95 8 1000mm < rainfall 200 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Suzanne G. Frayser. 1985. Varieties of Sexual Experience. HRAF Press. ----------------------------------------------------------- Note: In this dataset, 0's for some information, but insufficient to code are not as yet distinguished from .'s for no information or not coded. For several of the codes [931, 932, 941, 951, 958, 969, 975, 978, 979] the original source should be consulted as these are originally rankings of multiple factors and only the highest ranked item is coded here. SCCS.v931. Female Physical Appearance during the Daily Routine (Not Temporary Occasions Such as Ceremonial Gatherings) { Ranked According to the Severity of Physical Modification Involved } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=61; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 15 1 The amount, style, color, or material of the garment worn 5 2 Paraphernalia, e.g., belts, footwear, headgear and other accessories to the main garment, exclusive of jewelry 18 3 The amount, style, or placement of jewelry 7 4 The style, length, or color of head hair 5 6 The use of cosmetics, i.e., preparations applied to specific parts of the body to enhance their attractiveness, e.g., facial makeup, body scents, body oils, body paints, tooth blackeners 1 7 The removal of body hair, exclusive of head hair coded under 4, e.g., the removal of facial, axillary, or pubic hair 10 8 The deformation or mutilization of the body, exclusive of the genitals, i.e., a change in the form or the removal of a material part of the body, e.g., tattooing, cicatrization, cranial deformation, ear piercing 310 NA NA SCCS.v932. Male Physical Appearance during the Daily Routine (Not Temporary Occasions Such as Ceremonial Gatherings) { Ranked According to the Severity of Physical Modification Involved } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=59; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 18 1 The amount, style, color, or material of the garment worn 7 2 Paraphernalia, e.g., belts, footwear, headgear and other accessories to the main garment, exclusive of jewelry 2 3 The amount, style, or placement of jewelry 9 4 The style, length, or color of head hair 8 5 The growth of facial hair, e.g., moustaches and beards 3 6 The use of cosmetics, i.e., preparations applied to specific parts of the body to enhance their attractiveness, e.g., facial makeup, body scents, body oils, body paints, tooth blackeners 3 7 The removal of body hair, exclusive of head hair coded under 4, e.g., the removal of facial, axillary, or pubic hair 8 8 The deformation or mutilization of the body, exclusive of the genitals, i.e., a change in the form or the removal of a material part of the body, e.g., tattooing, cicatrization, cranial deformation, ear piercing 1 9 The deformation or mutiliation of the genitals, e.g., clitoridectomy, circumcision, sewing the labia together 312 NA NA SCCS.v933. Sleeping Arrangements of Adolescent Females: Where Unmarried but Sexually Mature Females Sleep in Relation to Sexually Mature Males in the Living Quarters { Ranked According to the Degree of Segregation of Female from Male Adolescents } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 2 1 Girls marry before or very soon after puberty and live in the dwelling of their prospective husband 15 2 Girls sleep in the same dwelling as their parents and sibs No special section reported for them 5 3 Girls sleep in the same dwelling as their parents but in a particular section or partitioned area for them and/or their female siblings 2 4 Girls sleep in the same dwelling as their parents but in a particular section for their mothers and female children Males sleep in a separate section 5 5 Girls sleep in the same dwelling as their parents with no partition reported, but the adolescent males sleep in a separate section 12 6 Girls sleep in the same dwelling as their parents with no partition reported, but the adolescent males sleep in a mens house or somewhere other than the natal dwelling 5 7 Girls sleep in the same dwelling as their parents. There is a special or partitioned area for them. The adolescent males sleep elsewhere 4 8 Girls sleep in the same dwelling as their mother, but adolescent and other mature males sleep elsewhere 7 9 Girls sleep in their own hut or separate dwelling for adolescent girls. Adolescent boys sleep in a mens house or some dwelling other than the one in which their parents reside 314 NA NA SCCS.v934. Married Women: Where Spouses Sleep in the Living Quarters { Ranked According to the Degree of Spatial Separation between the Spouses during Sleep } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=60; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 17 1 W (wife) sleeps with her H (husband) in their own dwelling No rooms or partitions between them are specified 11 2 W sleeps with her H in a dwelling that contains more than one conjugal family. No partitioned area reported for them 13 3 W sleeps with her H in a partitioned area in dwelling that contains more than one conjugal family 3 4 W sleeps with her H in her dwelling, but he has a dwelling of his own or spends most of his time in the mens house or elsewhere, e.g., with another wife 5 5 W sleeps with her H in her own room or section of the dwelling, separate from the section of her H 11 6 W sleeps in her dwelling, and her H sleeps in his dwelling or in a mens house except for the times when intercourse is desired 311 NA NA SCCS.v935. Eating Arrangements: the Spatial Arrangement of the Sexes during the Main Meal of the Day { Exclusive of Arrangements Operative during Ceremonies or When Guests Are Present. Ranked According to the Degree of Segregation between Males and Females during the Meal. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=47; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 14 1 Men and women eat together. No particular arrangement is specified for the sexes 4 2 Men and women eat together. There is a strict positioning of them in the eating area, e.g., positioning according to kinship 12 3 Men and women do not eat together in public but certain kin may eat together in private, e.g., husband and wife 12 4 Men and women do not eat together and eat in different areas 5 5 Men and women do not eat together; the separation is accomplished by their eating at different times 324 NA NA SCCS.v936. Individual Ordeal Involved at the Onset of the Menses. the Categories Are Arranged According to the Severity of the Ordeal Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=47; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 14 1 There is no ordeal reported although there may be a change in physical appearance, living arrangements, or name 14 2 Three is a slight ordeal involved, e.g., a very short or relaxed period of seclusion, a few minor eating taboos, etc 7 3 There is a moderate ordeal involved, e.g., a strict period of seclusion, restaints on movement, numerous eating taboos, etc 12 4 There is a severe ordeal involved, e.g., a painful physical operation such as clitoridectomy, a lengthy seclusion with numerous taboos on movement, eating and social contacts, etc 324 NA NA SCCS.v937. Social Celebration Involved at the Onset of the Menses { Arranged According to the Amount of Celebration and the Extent of Participation in It. If There Are Differences According to Class Level, Code According to the Celebrations for the Average Individual } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=46; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 26 1 There is no celebration of any kind 5 2 There is a small celebration, e.g., the family group has a party 11 3 There is a moderate celebration, e.g., family, friends, and/or small kin group have a feast, dance, give gifts 4 4 There is an elaborate celebration, e.g., the community, a large kin group, or other large social grouping celebrate or a smaller group has a celebration for an extended period of time 325 NA NA SCCS.v938. The Social Signficance of Change in a Woman's Position with the Onset of Menstruation. the Categories Are { Ranked According to the Degree of Emphasis Placed on Her Ability to Bear Children } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 3 1 It is not thought to be especially significant beyond a change in dress, name, etc 7 2 Its main significance is that she is an adult who has more social responsibilities 6 3 The main significance is that she is now capable of having intercourse, wehther or not she actually engages in it 4 4 Its main significance is that she is eligible for marriage and can engage in intercourse 11 5 Its main significance is that she is eligible for marriage 4 6 Its main significance is that she is eligible for marriage and is an adult 3 7 Its main significance is that she is eligible for marriage and is capable of bearing children 3 8 Its main significance is that she is capable of bearing children 330 NA NA SCCS.v939. Personal Restrictions or Regular Menstruation { Ranked According to the Degree to Which the Woman Is Socially Isolated during Her Menses } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 2 1 There is no restriction placed on her during this period, and she carries on her activities as usual 5 2 There are restrictions placed on her personal activities but not on her social contacts, e.g., cooking taboos, eating taboos, taboos on what she may touch 4 3 There are restrictions placed on her personal movements and social contacts, e.g., she must remain in her dwelling or in a certain area of the settlements, she should avoid certain people 10 4 There are few restrictions placed on her personal activities and social contacts 10 5 There are moderate restrictions placed on her movements and her personal activities, e.g., she is in a partitioned area of the dwelling, she may not cook, she may see only certain people, she cannot engage in her usual economic activities, relaxed seclusion 8 6 There are severe restrictions imposed on her movements and personal activities, e.g., she is isolated in a menstrual hut, she may see few if any people, she may not cook, she may not feed herself 332 NA NA SCCS.v940. Social Danger: Which Person (S) Would Be Most Harmed If the Woman Did Not Adhere to Her Menstrual Restrictions { Ranked According to How Large a Group Is Thought to Be Endangered by the Woman's Actions. If More than One Category Is Involved, Code the Most Important Danger First, the Second Most Important One, Second } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=30; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 4 1 No one is thought to be endangered during this period 5 2 Only the menstruating woman is endangered 4 4 The woman endangers men. If both 3 & 4, code as 4 1 5 The woman endangers other women and/or children, e.g., the fertility of other women, newborn children 6 6 The woman endangers anyone with whom she comes in contact 10 7 The woman endangers her social group, e.g., the fertility of the crops, the response of the supernatural to them, harm to an important social functionary 341 NA NA SCCS.v941. Personal Restrictions on Pregnancy { Ranked According to the Degree of Segregation from Social Contacts That Is Involved } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 7 0 Some information, but insufficient to code 3 1 No modification is reported 2 2 She modifies the usual garments she wears and/or the usual care of her body, e.g., she wears more loosefitting garments, wears amulets to ward off evil spirits, pays special attention to cleanliness, etc 11 3 She modifies the use of her sensory apparatus, e.g., she avoids hearing, seeing, or touching certain things 17 4 She modifies her diet, e.g., she avoids eating certain foods 5 5 She modifies her usual domestic or economic duties, e.g., she does not cook she has someone else care for the children 4 6 She modifies her suaul mobility, e.g., she should not leave the settlement, she avoids certain places 2 7 Her usual social relations and/or living arrangements are modifies, e.g., she may not sleep where she usually does, she cannot be near certain people, she must not behave in the usual manner 1 8 She modifies her participation in social groups and activities, e.g., religious events 319 NA NA SCCS.v942. Purpose of Pregnancy Restrictions: { Ranked According to the Extensiveness of the Social Harm That May Result from a Woman Not Modifying Her Behavior along the Expected Lines. the Code Should Indicate Which Person (S) the Restrictions Are Most Concerned with Protecting } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 13 1 They are to prevent harm to the baby 4 2 They are to prevent harm to the mother, e.g, illness, difficult delivery 21 3 They are to prevent harm to the baby and the mother, e.g., miscarriage, attacks from the spirits, etc 2 4 They are to prevent harm to anyone with whom she comes in contact and/or the social group of which she is a part, e.g., to prevent failure of the crops, to prevent an epidemic 331 NA NA SCCS.v943. Special Segregation at Birth: Location of the Woman When She Gives Birth: Where the Birth of the First Child Takes Place { Ranked According to the Degree of Segregation in or from Her Ordinary Dwelling When the Woman Gives Birth } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=47; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 1 1 No special place is prepared for the birth of the child; the woman gives birth wherever she happens to be 10 2 The woman gives birth in the dwelling where she usually resides, but no special partitions are set up 11 3 The woman gives birth in the dwelling where she usually resides but in a partitioned or otherwise demarcated area or room 2 4 The woman gives birth in an area near the dwelling where she usually resides, e.g., under the dwelling, in a lean-to near the dwelling 4 5 The woman does not give birth in a special dwelling but in a place outside of the area where most social activity occurs, e.g., on the fringes or outside of the dwelling area 11 6 The woman gives birth in a structure explicitly constructed for the purpose, e.g., a birth hut 1 7 The woman does not give birth in her usual residence but in the dwelling of an affinal relative 7 8 The woman does not give birth in her usual residence but in the dwelling of a consanguineal relative 324 NA NA SCCS.v944. Residence of the New Parents at the Birth of Their First Child Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=56; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 15 1 Temporary matrilocality 11 2 Permanent matrilocality 2 3 Ambilocality 4 4 Neolocality 24 5 Patrilocality 315 NA NA SCCS.v945. Purpose of Personal Birth Restrictions. Each Category Indicates Why the Taboos and Restrictions on a Woman's Personal Behavior Are Imposed after She Bears a Child { Ranked According to the Degree That the Restrictions Affect Other People } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=38; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 13 1 Restrictions are imposed on her to promote the well-being of her child, e.g., she is cared for so that she can produce milk for the baby 4 2 Restrictions are imposed on her to prevent harm to her and/or to promote her well-being, e.g., other people prepare and bring her food, she does not work, she is indulged 14 3 Restrictions are imposed to prevent harm to her and her baby 7 4 Restrictions are imposed on her to prevent harm to those with whom she comes in contact and/or to prevent harm to her social group 333 NA NA SCCS.v946. Duration of Personal Birth Restrictions. Each Category Specifies a Period of Time after Birth before the Woman Resumes Her Usual Domestic and Economic Activities Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=55; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 5 0 Some information, but insufficient to code 21 1 0-7 days 14 2 8-14 days 6 3 15-30 days 6 4 31-60 days 3 5 more than two months 316 NA NA Celebration of birth: The degree of social concern with the birth of a child as indicated by the amount of celebration after the birth and the extent of social participation in it. The codes apply to the largest social class and exclude such particular occasions as the celebratino of multiple births or the birth of an heir to a king. Coded for the first born if there is a difference in treatment for different births. Coded for the desired sex if there is a difference for males and females SCCS.v947. Type of Birth Celebration Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=54; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 4 1 There is no celebratin for the mother or child after birth 5 2 There is no celebration after birth, but people do come to visit, offer congratulations, etc 21 3 There is a minor celebration after the birth, e.g, a small meal, a few drinks, etc 9 4 There is a moderate amount of celebration after the birth, e.g., a feast, dancing 15 5 There is an elaborate celebration after the birth, e.g., elaborate feasting, dancing, many rites performed 317 NA NA SCCS.v948. When the Birth Celebration Occurs Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=47; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 4 0 Some information, but insufficient to code 20 1 Immediately or a few days after delivery 1 2 After the mother comes out of confinement 14 3 When the baby is named or baptized 5 4 When the baby and mother come out of confinement 3 5 Other 324 NA NA SCCS.v949. Participants in the Birth Celebration. the Code Indicates the Most Extensive Group Which Participates in the Celebration of Birth { Ranked According to the Extensiveness of the Group } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=36; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 5 1 No one is involved in a celebration 1 2 The husbands family 7 3 Friends and neighbors 1 4 The wifes kin unit 8 5 Friends of the H and W and relatives 6 6 The wifes and husbands kin units or relatives of a group more extensive than the family 8 7 The community or large social, group to which the H and W belong 335 NA NA Children. This section deals with the ways in which childbearing is socially encouraged or curtailed SCCS.v950. Preferred Sex and Number of Children Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=47; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 1 1 They want very few children, regardless of sex 19 2 They prefer to have males rather than females, regardless of sex 7 3 They prefer to have females rather than males, regardless of number 7 4 Either sex is acceptable, e.g., the father wants a boy, the mother wants a girl, or they dont care as long as the child is healthy 13 5 They prefer a large number of children, regardless of their sex 324 NA NA SCCS.v951. Explanation of Barrenness { Ranked According to the Degree to Which the Woman Is Blamed for Her Barrenness } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=30; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 6 2 Barrenness is regarded as an unfortunate physical condition that has befallen a woman through no fault of her own 7 3 Barrenness is regarded as the fault of others who bear malice towards the woman, e.g., witches 7 4 Barrenness is regarded as the fault of others who break taboos that have ramifications for her fertility 7 5 Barrenness is regarded as the fault of supernatural forces or supernatural beings who are generally malevolent 1 6 Barrenness is regarded as the fault of the woman who is being punished for committing some offense which is not sexual in nature 2 7 Barrenness is regarded as punishment to a woman who has committed some sexual offense, e.g., adultery, incest 341 NA NA SCCS.v952. Penalties for Barrenness { Ranked According to the Severity of the Penalty the Woman Incurs If She Is Barren } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 1 1 No penalties are reported 13 2 Remedies are actively sought to correct the condition, e.g., amulets, potions, ceremonies 12 3 Provision is made for a child by adoption for fosterage 7 4 Provision is made for a child by the husband taking an additional wife to bear children or by the wife getting another woman to bear children for her husband 15 5 The womans husband can or does divorce her 4 6 The woman is ostracized because she has no children, e.g., jokes are made about her. She is given a subsidiary role in domestic tasks 319 NA NA SCCS.v953. Contraception: Knowledge and Use of Means to Prevent the Conception of Children { Ranked According to the Degree to Which the Responsibility for Contraception Devolves upon the Woman } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 9 1 No contraception is known about or used 3 2 Contraception is present, but there is no information on the method 1 3 There is a rudimentary form of contraception, e.g., abstention when the woman is thought most likely to conceive, coitus interruptus 12 4 Contraception is present by implication, e.g., a long post-partum sex taboos or abstention while nursing 4 5 There is a long post-partum sex taboos and rudimentary contraception 3 6 There is a long post-partum sex taboos and the woman practices some intentional form of contraception 9 7 The woman is primarily responsible for contraception, e.g., she has knowledge of rites she can perform to prevent offspring or she has knowledge of rites she can perform to prevent offspring or she swallows a drug 330 NA NA SCCS.v954. Social Approval for Abortion: Approval of and Rationale for Action Taken to Prevent the Birth of a Child by Expelling the Fetus before It Is Viable { Ranked According to the Amount of Social Disapproval towards Abortion } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=47; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 17 1 Abortions occur, but there is no information on frequency 12 2 Abortions are permitted and occur frequently 9 4 Abortions are disapproved of but do occur. If they are infrequent and there is no information on approval, code in this category 9 5 Abortions are strongly disapproved of and occur rarely or never 324 NA NA SCCS.v955. Rationale for Abortions { Ranked According to the Degree to Which Social Rather than Personal Considerations Lead to the Abortion. If There Is More than One Reason, Indicate the Most Frequent Reason First on the Code Sheet, Second, etc. up to Four Important Reasons. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=34; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 8 1 No abortions 6 2 Concern for the psychological or pgysical state of the mother, e.g., she does not want more children, she is concerned about her beauty, or she does not want to lose her husband 3 3 Revenge, e.g., the woman is angry with her husband 3 4 Concern for the childs welfare, e.g., the mother is nursing another which would leave no milk for another, or the couple cannot afford more children 9 5 The child was conceived out of wedlock 4 6 The child was conceived in an illicit sexual relationship, e.g., adulterous, incestuous, or with a man of the wrong social class or ethnic group 1 7 Other 337 NA NA Infanticide. This part deals with the approval of and rationale for killing an infant after he is born SCCS.v956. Social Approval for Infanticide { Ranked According to the Amount of Social Disapproval Incurred If Infanticide Occurs } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 19 1 Infanticide occurs, but there is no information on frequency 3 2 Infanticide is permitted and occurs frequently 4 3 Infanticide is permitted and occurs infrequently 5 4 Infanticide is disapproved of but does occur. If it occurs, and there is no information on approval, code here 10 5 Infanticide is disapproved and does not occur 330 NA NA SCCS.v957. Rationale for Infanticide. Each Category Indicates a Reason for Which an Infant Might Be Killed { Ranked According to the Degree to Which Social Rather than Personal Reasons Lead to the Infanticide } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 8 1 No infanticide 4 2 The mothers welfare, e.g., she does not want more children, she is afraid of losing her charms, etc 1 3 Revenge, e.g., due to argument with husband 2 4 Concern for the childs welfare, e.g., the couple cannot support more children or there is ni one to suckle the child 7 5 The child was born in an unusual position, exhibited some unusual behavior or physical trait at birth, or was deformed, e.g., hair was already present on the child, or the child was born feet first 8 6 The child was one of a multiple birth 2 7 The child was a female 6 8 The child was born of an illicit sexual relationship, i.e., premarital, adulterous, or incestuous 1 9 Other 332 NA NA III. Sexual Relations and their Social Context. This section deals with sexual relations from two perspectives. The first focuses on intercourse and the restrictions that are placed on it. The second focuses on marriage as the most common context within which intercourse and childbearing occur SCCS.v958. Restrictions on the Occasion of Intercourse. Each Category Specifies an Occasion When Intercourse Is Proscribed or Strongly Preferred Not to Take Place { Ranked According to the Degree to Which the Occasion for Intercourse Is Tied to a Social Rather than N Individual State or Activity } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=56; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 2 1 It cannot occur during menstruation 16 2 It cannot occur for some period after childbirth whether because of nursing or a postpartum sex taboo and/or during pregnancy 12 3 It cannot occur during mensturation and after childbirth and/or during pregnancy 3 4 It cannot occur before, during, or after life cycle events, e.g., after the death of a spouse or at initiation 3 6 It cannot occur before, during, and/or after a military expedition 11 7 It cannot occur before, during and/or after a major economic activity and/or a manufacturing operation 6 8 It cannot occur before, during and/or after a ritual program of some sort, e.g., days of abstinence of power seeking 3 9 It cannot occur before, during and/or after non-life cycle ceremonial events, e.g., harvest festivals 315 NA NA SCCS.v959. Extensions of the Incest Taboo. Each Category Specifies an Extension of the Incest Taboo beyond the Nuclear Family { Ranked According to the Degree to Which the Emphasis Is on Nonkinship Considerations. the Coding Should Indicate the Focus of the Strongest Extension of the Incest Taboo } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=42; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 5 1 No extension beyond the nuclear family is reported. Note in the comments if the strongest prohibition in the family is Br-Si, Mo-So, or Fa-Dau 2 2 Bilateral extensions by cross or parallel cousins 17 3 Bilateral extension by degree of cousinage from ego 1 4 Other 9 5 Matrilineal extensions, with or without other bilateral extensions 7 6 Patrilineal extensions, with or without other bilateral extensions 1 7 Extensions based on nonkinship considerations, e.g., ritual bonds, household composition, locality, or social class 329 NA NA SCCS.v960. Violation of the Incest Taboo { Ranked According to the Extent of the Consequences of Violating the Incest Taboo } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=29; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 8 1 None or mild punishment, e.g., ostracism or a fine 3 2 Moderate punishment, e.g., offenders meet with misfortune such as sickness or bad luck 9 3 Severe punishment, e.g., death, barrenness, or expulsion from the community 5 4 Punishment to others than the offenders, e.g., their family or kin group 1 5 Punishment to the total social group, e.g., an epidemic or crop failure in the community 3 6 Punishment that affects the offenders as well as their social group, i.e., category `2` or `3` in combination with `5` category 342 NA NA SCCS.v961. Restrictions on Premarital Sex { Ranked According to the Degree of Prohibition against Premarital Sex } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=61; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 17 1 It is permitted for both sexes 1 2 It is permitted for both but in limited contexts, e.g., with prostitutes or as part of a ceremony 9 3 It is permitted and not punished unless pregnancy results 12 4 It is permitted for males but no females 9 5 Premarital relations are disapproved but no infrequent in fact 4 6 Insistence on virginity for the woman. There is no information on restrictions on the male 9 7 Premarital relations are strongly disapproved and rare 310 NA NA SCCS.v962. Violation of Restrictions on Premarital Sex. Each Category Specifies the Consequences a Woman Faces If She Violates a Premarital Sex Prohibition Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=51; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 19 1 Neither she nor her partner face punishment 13 2 Her partner is punished, but she is not 4 3 Mild punishment for the women, e.g., temporary ostracism 8 4 Moderate punishment for the woman, e.g., marriage is more difficult or physical punishment 2 5 Severe punishment, e.g., banishment from her social group, or she is killed 5 6 [Kenuzi, Gheg, Kurd, Manus, Mbau] - Severe or killed ? 320 NA NA SCCS.v963. Restrictions and Extramarital Sex { Ranked According to the Strength of the Prohibition against Extramarital Sex } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=58; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 3 1 Permitted for both H and W 11 2 Permitted for both but only in limited contexts, e.g., with particular relatives of the spouse, ceremonial license 1 3 Permitted and not punished unless pregnancy results 15 4 Permitted for the husband but not for the wife 15 5 Weakly prohibited, e.g., frequent violations or weak punishment 13 6 Strongly prohibited, e.g., occurs rarely or severe punishment 313 NA NA SCCS.v964. Punishment for Extramarital Sex { Ranked According to the Severity of Punishment That a Woman Receives If She Commits Adultery } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=54; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 5 1 No punishment or mild punishment, e.g., a warning or a fine 3 2 Generally mild punishment, but she can be killed for it 6 3 Moderate punishment, e.g., a beating or incarceration 14 4 Generally moderate punishment, but she can be killed or divorced for it 8 5 The woman is divorced 5 6 She is generally divorced, but she can be killed for it 8 7 Severe punishment, e.g., permanent physical damage, but she can be killed or divorced for it 5 8 The woman is killed or commits suicide 317 NA NA SCCS.v965. Violation: Who Is Punished for Adultery { Ranked According to the Degree to Which the Woman Is Punished } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=48; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 2 2 Only the lover is punished 15 3 Both the woman and her lover are punished, but the lover is punished more severely than the woman 19 4 Both the woman and her lover are punished by almost equally severe punishment 6 5 Both the woman and her lover are punished, but the woman is punished more severely than her lover 6 6 Only the woman is punished 323 NA NA SCCS.v966. Violation: Who Punishes Adultery { Ranked According to the Degree to Which Responsibility for Punishment of the Woman Resides with the Social Group } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=55; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 1 0 Some information, but insufficient to code 2 1 No punishment for the women 39 2 The husband punishes his wife and/or her lover, if the wife is not punished 3 4 A representative of the family or kin group of the wife punishes her 8 5 The community as a whole or its representative punishes her 2 6 Supernatural consequences fall upon the woman, e.g., mystical retribution or punishment by the ancestral gods 316 NA NA Marriage. This part focuses on the establishment, characteristics, and dissolution of marriage, the most prominent form of legitimate sexual relationship and context for the birth of children SCCS.v967. Age of Woman at Establishment of Marriage: First Marriage Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=45; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 2 1 Under 12 years 18 2 12-15 years (if the source says that boys or girls marry at puberty, code it here) 11 3 16-17 years 10 4 18-21 years 3 5 22-25 years 1 6 26 years and older 326 NA NA SCCS.v968. Age of Man at Establishment of Marriage: First Marriage Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=42; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 4 2 12-15 years (if the source says that boys or girls marry at puberty, code it here) 7 3 16-17 years 15 4 18-21 years 6 5 22-25 years 10 6 26 years and older 329 NA NA SCCS.v969. Choice of Spouse: Social Restrictions Which Limit an Individual's Choice of Whom He Can Marry { Ranked According to the Degree That Nonkinship Considerations Play an Important Role } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=59; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 18 1 Bilateral considerations, including not marrying a relative 7 2 Bilateral considerations, specifically cross and parallel cousins 10 3 Kinship of a matrilineal or matrilateral nature 16 4 Kinship of a patrilineal or patrilateral nature 2 5 Locality where the potential spouse lives 1 7 The age or generation of the potential spouse 5 8 The status of the potential spouse 312 NA NA Agreement to marry. This deals with the extent to which marriage is a transaction between social groups rather than the couple SCCS.v970. Marriage Proposal: besides the Groom, Whose Proposal Is Regarded as Most Necessary in Initiating Marriage { Ranked According to How Extensive a Group Is Involved in Initiating Marriage } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=58; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 6 1 The brides family or a relative of the bride 30 2 The brides and grooms families 2 3 The grooms kin group and the brides family 20 5 The kin groups of the bride and groom 313 NA NA SCCS.v971. Consent to Marry: How Necessary Is the Consent of the Prospective Wife for Marriage Arrangements to Proceed Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 19 1 Propective spouses consent is necessary, i.e., the marriage cannot take place without it 22 2 The prospective spouse is consulted 16 3 The prospective spouse is not consulted 314 NA NA SCCS.v972. Consent to Marry: How Necessary Is the Consent of the Prospective Husband for Marriage Arrangements to Proceed Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=54; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 23 1 Propective spouses consent is necessary, i.e., the marriage cannot take place without it 22 2 The prospective spouse is consulted 9 3 The prospective spouse is not consulted 317 NA NA SCCS.v973. Degree of Marriage Celebration Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 4 1 There is no celebration 16 2 There is a small celebration, e.g., a minor acknowledgement or exchange of gifts 15 3 There is a moderate celebration, e.g., a feast, dancing, dramatic performances, or extensive gift exchange 22 4 There is an elaborate celebration, e.g., it lasts a long period of time, is characterized by lavish dress, has elaborate performances, etc 314 NA NA SCCS.v974. Type of Participants in the Wedding { Ranked According to How Extensive the Group Is } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=50; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 2 1 Friends of the couple 4 2 The family of the bride or the groom 4 3 The kin group of the bride or groom 9 4 The families of the bride and groom 19 5 The kin groups or relatives of the bride and groom 12 7 The community 321 NA NA SCCS.v975. The Rights Transferred by Women at Marriage Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=50; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 9 1 Rights concerning priority of sexual access 10 2 Rights concerning offspring 6 3 Rights concerning choice of residence 8 4 Rights concerning domestic services 12 5 Rights concerning economic labor 5 6 Rights concerning choice of residence and economic labor 321 NA NA SCCS.v976. The Rights Transferred by Men at Marriage Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=37; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 1 1 Rights concerning priority of sexual access 2 2 Rights concerning offspring 1 3 Rights concerning choice of residence 22 5 Rights concerning economic labor 11 6 Rights concerning choice of residence and economic labor 334 NA NA SCCS.v977. Finality: Factors That Are Important for the Firm Establishment of a Marriage { Ranked According to the Degree to Which Its Establishment Depends on the Groom. the Code Reflects the Most Important Obligation That Must Be Met before the Marriage Is Considered Final } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=45; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 18 1 After children or children of the appropriate sex are born 2 2 After cohabitation and the birth of children 4 3 After cohabitation 6 4 After children are born and after bride price is paid 5 5 After a marriage ceremony 10 6 After bride-price has been paid 326 NA NA SCCS.v978. Grounds for Divorce: Wife's Reasons given for Dissolving a Marriage Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=48; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 5 1 There is no divorce 3 2 Reproductive problems, e.g., barrenness or impotence 5 3 Illicit sexual relationship, e.g., adultery 7 4 Physical violence, e.g., beatings 11 5 Incompatibility 1 6 Desertion or extreme neglect 2 7 Incompatibility with affines 9 8 Failure in economic or domestic duties, e.g., laziness, poor provider or nonpayment of marriage payments 5 9 None or trivial grounds, e.g., another woman or man is more desirable or he or she does not like his or her current spouse 323 NA NA SCCS.v979. Grounds for Divorce: Husband's Reasons given for Dissolving a Marriage Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=56; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 4 1 There is no divorce 16 2 Reproductive problems, e.g., barrenness or impotence 9 3 Illicit sexual relationship, e.g., adultery 12 5 Incompatibility 3 6 Desertion or extreme neglect 1 7 Incompatibility with affines 8 8 Failure in economic or domestic duties, e.g., laziness, poor provider or nonpayment of marriage payments 3 9 None or trivial grounds, e.g., another woman or man is more desirable or he or she does not like his or her current spouse 315 NA NA SCCS.v980. Restrictions on Divorce { Ranked According to the Difficulty a Woman Has in Obtaining a Divorce } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=45; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 17 1 Divorce is allowed for both the H and W 6 2 Divorce is more difficult for a man to obtain. There is a prohibition against his obtaining one or a low frequency of men who obtain a divorce 8 3 Divorce is difficult and/or has a low frequency for both men and women 14 4 Divorce is more difficult for the wife to obtain. There is a prohibition against her obtaining one or a low frequency of wives obtaining a divorce 326 NA NA SCCS.v981. Rights over Offspring after Divorce { Ranked According to the Degree to Which the Husband Retains Custody over the Children after a Divorce } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=45; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 4 1 No divorce 8 2 The wife keeps all of the children 11 3 Who has custody of the children depends on the age and/or wishes of the children, e.g., the mother may take the infants 6 4 Each spouse has custody of some of the children, e.g., the wife keeps the girls and the husband the boys 7 5 Custody of the children depends on the circumstances of the divorce 9 6 The husband has custody of all of the children 326 NA NA SCCS.v982. Remarriage after Divorce { Ranked According to How Difficult It Is to Remarry after a Divorce } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 29 1 Both the H and W may remarry 7 2 Both the H and W may remarry, but it is easier for the H 1 3 It is difficult for both the H and W to remarry after divorce 4 4 No divorce 330 NA NA SCCS.v983. Property Exchanges after Divorce. Ranked in Order of the Amount of Financial Loss Incurred by the Wife When a Divorce Occurs Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=43; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 4 1 There is no divorce 8 2 No financial transactions occur after a divorce, or there is an equal division of property 6 3 The H or his kin pay compensation 16 4 The transactions that occur depend on the circumstances of the divorce 9 6 The wife and/or her kin group pay compensation, e.g., return brideprice 328 NA NA SCCS.v984. Remarriage of Widows { The Categories Are Ranked in Order of the Degree of Restriction a Woman Faces to Remarry after Her Husband's Death } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 14 1 She may marry anyone she chooses 7 2 She may remarry but often chooses not to, e.g., she would suffer financial loss or her children can care for her 20 4 She may remarry, but first priority is given to marrying a specific relative of her husbands or someone chosen by her husbands kin group, e.g., levirate 13 5 She must marry a specific relative of the husbands or someone chosen by her husbands kin group or not remarry 3 6 She may not remarry 314 NA NA SCCS.v985. Length of Time before a Widow Remarries Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=35; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 5 0 Some information, but insufficient to code 9 1 0-6 months 5 2 6 months to less than a year 10 3 1 year to less than 2 years 4 4 More than two years 1 5 No remarriage 1 6 Undefined [coded for Mbau Fijians] 336 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Ronald P. Rohner and Evelyn C. Rohner, 1982, Behavior Science Research ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v987. Importance of Mothers for Girls Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=26; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 2 6 Frequently the major caretaker 1 7 Very Frequent ? 23 8 Almost always the major caretaker 345 NA NA SCCS.v988. Importance of Mothers for Both Boys and Girls, without Regard to Gender Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=124; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 5 2 Rarely the major caretaker 2 4 Sometimes the major caretaker 3 5 Often ? 18 6 Frequently the major caretaker 8 7 Very Frequent ? 88 8 Almost always the major caretaker 247 NA NA SCCS.v989. Importance of Fathers for Boys Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=20; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 1 2 Rarely the major caretaker 1 4 Sometimes the major caretaker 5 6 Frequently the major caretaker 13 8 Almost always the major caretaker 351 NA NA SCCS.v991. Importance of Fathers for Both Boys and Girls, without Regard to Gender Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=67; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 19 2 Rarely the major caretaker 2 3 Occasional ? 13 4 Sometimes the major caretaker 7 5 Often ? 17 6 Frequently the major caretaker 2 7 Very Frequent ? 7 8 Almost always the major caretaker 304 NA NA SCCS.v996. Importance of Siblings (Usually Older Sisters) for Both Boys and Girls, without Regard to Gender Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=49; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 1 2 Rarely the major caretaker 13 4 Sometimes the major caretaker 6 5 Often ? 11 6 Frequently the major caretaker 7 7 Very Frequent ? 11 8 Almost always the major caretaker 322 NA NA SCCS.v997. Importance of Grandparents (Usually Grandmothers) for Both Boys and Girls, without Regard to Gender Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=23; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 3 4 Sometimes the major caretaker 1 5 Often ? 11 6 Frequently the major caretaker 2 7 Very Frequent ? 6 8 Almost always the major caretaker 348 NA NA SCCS.v998. Importance of Others for Both Boys and Girls, without Regard to Gender Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=26; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 2 2 Rarely the major caretaker 1 3 Occasional ? 8 4 Sometimes the major caretaker 9 6 Frequently the major caretaker 2 7 Very Frequent ? 4 8 Almost always the major caretaker 345 NA NA SCCS.v999. Identification of Others for Boys and Girls, without Regard to Gender Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=26; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 10 1 Adults in household or community (other than parents) 4 2 Elders in community (often elder males for boys, elder females for girls) 8 4 Mothers brother or mothers sister 4 5 Peers, age-mates, older youths, but not siblings 345 NA NA SCCS.v1000. Enculturative Continuity for Boys Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 1 2 Discontinuity, fundamental 18 4 Discontinuity, significant 6 5 both elements ? 43 6 Significant continuity (Minor elements only of discontinuity) 14 7 Very Significant ? 28 8 Fundamental continuity 261 NA NA SCCS.v1002. Enculturative Continuity for Girls Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=109; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 1 2 Fundamental discontinuity 11 4 Significant discontinuity 5 5 both elements ? 38 6 Significant continuity (Minor elements only of discontinuity) 9 7 Very Significant ? 45 8 Fundamental continuity 262 NA NA SCCS.v1004. Enculturative Continuity for Both Boys and Girls without Regard for Gender Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=133; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 2 2 Fundamental discontinuity 14 4 Significant discontinuity 7 5 both elements ? 55 6 Significant continuity (Minor elements only of discontinuity) 18 7 Very Significant ? 37 8 Fundamental continuity 238 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: unknown ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v1006. Classification of World System Position Markets Labor Agricult. Commodities & Trade Coercion Wage Productn Tax Import/Export Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=11 Freq Value Description 2 3 Semiperip 1 Mediators Slavery Spec.Cash + Weapons /Hier1 2 4 Semiperip 2 Mediators - + Spec.Cash + Weapons /Hier2 2 5 Periphery 1a Export - + Spec.Cash + Tools /Agri 4 6 Periphery 1b Export + - Sharecrop + Tools /Agri 7 7 Periphery 1c Export + - Mixed + Tools /Agri 5 8 Periphery 1d Export - - Mixed - Weap /Agri 12 9 Periphery 2a Traders + or + Incipient - Weap Food/Prized 5 10 Periphery 2c Markets - kind Non-cash - Weap Food/Prized 8 11 Periphery 2b Traders - kind Non-cash - Weap Food/Prized Anomalous: +/-Alcohol/ Utilities/Prized 5 12 Marginal 1 Partners - kind Non-cash - Utilities/None 1 13 Marginal 2 Raiding P-- plunder Non-Cash - None /None 318 NA NA SCCS.v1007. Trade and Markets Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 1 1 External to world economy 4 2 External Trade Partners (missions, settlers, etc.) not traders 23 3 No Marketplace, but incoming traders for bulk goods 21 4 Marketplace, market effects for bulk goods 4 5 Entrepreneurs & Creditors for other areas; Intermediaries 318 NA NA SCCS.v1008. Cropping Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 17 0 No agriculture or unimportant 7 1 Subsistence Agriculture only 4 2 Sale of subsistence crop but unimportant 6 3 Sale of subsistence crop important 5 4 Specialized Cash Crops present but unimportant 9 5 Specialized Cash Crops important ( ) monoculture 5 6 Sharecropping 318 NA NA SCCS.v1009. Labor Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 13 1 No wage or coerced labor 3 2 Coerced labor - internal ([large scale] slavery, vassals, corvee) 2 3 Coerced labor - external 10 4 Labor hired - local service occupations 12 5 Migrant wage labor (cash) - 9 6 Local wage labor (cash/kind) - partial (incl. crafts, traps) 3 7 Market for all types of labor 319 NA NA SCCS.v1010. Labor Recoding Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 13 0 No wage labor, no coerced labor, or 8 1 labor hired - in kind or local service occupations only 5 2 Internal coerced labor only - ([modify to: large scale] slavery, vassals, corvee) 4 3 External coerced labor - 9 4 Sporadic wage labor (5,6,7 above) 2 5 Divided or exempted wage labor (5,6,7 above) - see notes 12 6 Important wage labor (5,6,7 above) - includes sale, craft 318 NA NA SCCS.v1011. Tool Categories Imported: (19 17 21 18 9) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 14 0 0 26 1 1 9 2 2 2 3 3 2 4 4 318 NA NA SCCS.v1012. Foods/Animals Categories Imported: (13 5 3 4 2) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 23 0 0 11 1 1 10 2 2 7 3 3 1 4 4 1 5 5 318 NA NA SCCS.v1013. Consumer Goods Categories Imported: (16 12 10) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 6 0 0 33 1 1 12 2 2 2 3 3 318 NA NA SCCS.v1014. Weapons Categories Imported: (20 8) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 21 0 0 23 1 1 9 2 2 318 NA NA SCCS.v1015. Hieratic Goods Categories Exported: (10, 1) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 37 0 0 13 1 1 2 2 2 319 NA NA SCCS.v1016. Stimulants Categories Exported: (13, 12) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 45 0 0 6 1 1 1 2 2 319 NA NA SCCS.v1017. Prized Raw Goods Categories Exported: (4, 6) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 29 0 0 16 1 1 7 2 2 319 NA NA SCCS.v1018. Local Wares Categories Exported: (11, 2, 14) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 30 0 0 18 1 1 3 2 2 1 3 3 319 NA NA SCCS.v1019. Consumable Categories Imported (4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 16) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 3 0 0 6 1 1 13 2 2 12 3 3 7 4 4 6 5 5 4 6 6 1 7 7 1 8 8 318 NA NA SCCS.v1020. Durable Categories Imported (8 17 18 19 20 21) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 4 0 0 17 1 1 17 2 2 13 3 3 1 4 4 1 6 6 318 NA NA SCCS.v1021. Consumable Categories Exported (4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 16) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 3 0 0 21 1 1 12 2 2 9 3 3 4 4 4 3 5 5 319 NA NA SCCS.v1022. Durable Categories Exported (8 17 18 19 20 21) [and Manufactured?] Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 49 0 0 3 1 1 319 NA NA SCCS.v1023. Throughputs: Total Number of Categories Both Imported and Exported Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 43 0 0 4 1 1 2 2 2 1 3 3 1 4 4 1 7 7 319 NA NA SCCS.v1025. Imported Good: Slaves Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 52 0 Absent 1 1 Present 318 NA NA SCCS.v1026. Imported Good: Small Animals Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 49 0 Absent 4 1 Present 318 NA NA SCCS.v1027. Imported Good: Large Animals Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 44 0 Absent 9 1 Present 318 NA NA SCCS.v1028. Imported Good: Meat/Dairy, Furs, Skins Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 47 0 Absent 6 1 Present 318 NA NA SCCS.v1029. Imported Good: Cereal Grains Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 35 0 Absent 18 1 Present 318 NA NA SCCS.v1030. Imported Good: Salt, Spices Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 38 0 Absent 15 1 Present 318 NA NA SCCS.v1031. Imported Good: Wood, Fuel, Construction Mat Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 44 0 Absent 9 1 Present 318 NA NA SCCS.v1032. Imported Good: Ores Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 44 0 Absent 9 1 Present 318 NA NA SCCS.v1033. Imported Good: Agricultural Inputs Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 51 0 Absent 2 1 Present 318 NA NA SCCS.v1034. Imported Good: Prestige Goods (Ivory, Gold, Etc) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 49 0 Absent 4 1 Present 318 NA NA SCCS.v1035. Imported Good: Craft Goods Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 52 0 Absent 1 1 Present 318 NA NA SCCS.v1036. Imported Good: Alcohol Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 41 0 Absent 12 1 Present 318 NA NA SCCS.v1037. Imported Good: Stimulants (Tobacco, Tea, Coffee) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 29 0 Absent 24 1 Present 318 NA NA SCCS.v1038. Imported Good: Pots, Beads, Cooking Utensils, Etc Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 26 0 Absent 27 1 Present 318 NA NA SCCS.v1039. Imported Good: Books, Magazines, Newspapers Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 52 0 Absent 1 1 Present 318 NA NA SCCS.v1040. Imported Good: Clothing, Cloth, Blankets Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 6 0 Absent 47 1 Present 318 NA NA SCCS.v1042. Imported Good: Radios, Lamps, Electricity Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 46 0 Absent 7 1 Present 318 NA NA SCCS.v1043. Imported Good: Metal Tools, Traps Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 49 0 Absent 4 1 Present 318 NA NA SCCS.v1044. Imported Good: Weapons, Ammunition Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 14 0 Absent 39 1 Present 318 NA NA SCCS.v1045. Imported Good: Tractors, Pumps, Machines Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 21 0 Absent 32 1 Present 318 NA NA SCCS.v1046. Exported Good: Slaves Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 46 0 Absent 6 1 Present 319 NA NA SCCS.v1047. Exported Good: Small Animals Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 45 0 Absent 7 1 Present 319 NA NA SCCS.v1048. Exported Good: Large Animals Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 41 0 Absent 11 1 Present 319 NA NA SCCS.v1049. Exported Good: Meat/Dairy, Furs, Skins Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 29 0 Absent 23 1 Present 319 NA NA SCCS.v1050. Exported Good: Cereal Grains Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 25 0 Absent 27 1 Present 319 NA NA SCCS.v1051. Exported Good: Salt, Spices Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 45 0 Absent 7 1 Present 319 NA NA SCCS.v1052. Exported Good: Wood, Fuel, Construction Mat Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 49 0 Absent 3 1 Present 319 NA NA SCCS.v1053. Exported Good: Ores Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 50 0 Absent 2 1 Present 319 NA NA SCCS.v1055. Exported Good: Prestige Goods (Ivory, Gold, Etc) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 40 0 Absent 12 1 Present 319 NA NA SCCS.v1056. Exported Good: Craft Goods Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 34 0 Absent 18 1 Present 319 NA NA SCCS.v1057. Exported Good: Alcohol Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 51 0 Absent 1 1 Present 319 NA NA SCCS.v1058. Exported Good: Stimulants (Tobacco, Tea, Coffee) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 45 0 Absent 7 1 Present 319 NA NA SCCS.v1059. Exported Good: Pots, Beads, Cooking Utensils, Etc Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 50 0 Absent 2 1 Present 319 NA NA SCCS.v1061. Exported Good: Clothing, Cloth, Blankets Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 48 0 Absent 4 1 Present 319 NA NA SCCS.v1064. Exported Good: Metal Tools, Traps Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 51 0 Absent 1 1 Present 319 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Data from "A Cross-Cultural Historical Analysis of Subsistence Change" by Candice Bradley, Carmella C. Moore, Michael L. Burton, and Douglas R. White. 1990. American Anthropologist, 92:2:447-457 (June 1990). ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v1073. Change in 100 Years Prior to Observation Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=87; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 14 0 No change 73 1 Change as result of world-system contact 284 NA NA SCCS.v1074. Extent of Change in Subsistence or Supportive System Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=87; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 14 0 No change 65 1 Partial 8 2 Total Change in subsistence system 284 NA NA SCCS.v1075. Agricultural Intensification: Increase in Inputs without Increasing Land Area of Food Production Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=86; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 57 0 No change/Not applicable 29 1 Change in intensification 285 NA NA SCCS.v1076. Non-agricultural Intensification Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=85; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 71 0 No change/Not applicable 14 1 Change in intensification 286 NA NA SCCS.v1077. New Crops Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=85; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 62 0 No 23 1 Yes 286 NA NA SCCS.v1078. New Animals Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=85; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 70 0 No 15 1 Yes 286 NA NA SCCS.v1079. Change in Settlement Patterns Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=85; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 67 0 No change/Not applicable 18 1 Change in settlement patterns 286 NA NA SCCS.v1080. Expansion of Land Utilized in Subsistence or Supportive Practices Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=81; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 64 0 No change/Not applicable 17 1 Change in expansion 290 NA NA SCCS.v1081. Major Loss of Subsistence Mode Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=87; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 60 0 No change/Not applicable 27 1 Major loss 284 NA NA SCCS.v1082. Wage Labor Introduced Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=85; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 58 0 No 27 1 Yes 286 NA NA SCCS.v1083. Wage Labor Increased Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=86; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 64 0 No 22 1 Yes 285 NA NA SCCS.v1084. Introduction to Trade Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=85; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 63 0 No 22 1 Yes 286 NA NA SCCS.v1085. Trade Increased Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=86; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 53 0 No 33 1 Yes 285 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: White and Burton, NSF coding project, coders Candice Bradley, Carmella C. Moore, Douglas R. White ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v1087. Political Entities Conquered, Colonized or Displaced in Last 100 Years (Earlier Conquests in Footnotes) [21] Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 40 1 None 9 3 Warlike expansion and displacement without conquest or colonization 1 4 Conquest but not colonization 2 5 Conquest and colonization 319 NA NA SCCS.v1088. Frequency of Successful Expansions into Another Society in past 100 Years Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 41 1 None 2 2 Once 4 3 Several times - no more than 4 6 4 Very frequent or continual 318 NA NA SCCS.v1089. Estimate of Distance to Furthest Society Conquored: [24] Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=46; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 42 1 None 1 2 Neighboring 2 4 Over 200 miles, same continent 1 5 Different Continents 325 NA NA SCCS.v1090. Society Was Conquered, Colonized or Displaced by Political Entities in Last 100 Years Prior to Observation (Note Earlier Conquests) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=43; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 11 1 None 4 2 Peaceful colonization or displacement (expansionist migration, assimilation, intermarriage or annexation with effective sovereignty and administration) 2 3 Warlike expansion and displacement without conquest or colonization 7 4 Conquest but not colonization 17 5 Conquest and colonization 2 6 Colonization but not conquest 328 NA NA SCCS.v1091. Frequency of Successful Expansions into This Society in past 100 Years Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=37; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 15 1 None 9 2 Once 6 3 Several times - no more than 4 episodes 7 4 Very frequent or continual 334 NA NA SCCS.v1092. Catastrophic Shifts Causing Depopulation (Last 50 Years) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 25 1 None 1 2 Animal Disease 21 4 Human (Disease, Starvation, Warfare with State Level, Intensification of Local Warfare) 1 5 Animal + Crop Disease 4 6 Animal Disease + Human-caused 319 NA NA SCCS.v1093. Number of Years Prior to Observation for Beginning of Problem (S) Causing Depopulation [36] Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique values=21 Freq Value Description 17 0 None 1 13 13 1 20 20 1 22 22 2 23 23 1 27 27 2 30 30 1 34 34 1 41 41 1 45 45 1 50 50 1 54 54 2 60 60 2 64 64 1 68 68 1 75 75 1 100 100 1 120 120 1 195 195 1 300 300 1 415 415 330 NA NA SCCS.v1094. Number of Years Prior to Observation for Ending of Problem (S) [37] Causing Depopulation (i.e., before Population Stable or Increasing) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 18 0 None 13 1 Had not recovered 2 10 10 1 13 13 1 20 20 2 30 30 1 37 37 1 50 50 332 NA NA SCCS.v1095. Percentage of Population Lost (100 Pct minus Popul in 37 as Pct of That in 36) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=38; Number of unique values=14 Freq Value Description 18 0 None 1 6 6 1 10 10 1 20 20 1 22 22 2 30 30 2 33 33 4 50 50 2 60 60 1 66 66 1 70 70 2 75 75 1 79 79 1 80 80 333 NA NA SCCS.v1096. Percentage Recovery (Popul at Observation in 39a as Pct of That in 36) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=20; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 14 0 None 5 1 Had not recovered 1 79 79 351 NA NA SCCS.v1097. Population at Date of Observation: Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=20; Number of unique values=18 Freq Value Description 1 154 154 1 200 200 1 900 900 2 2000 2000 1 2500 2500 1 2582 2582 2 4000 4000 1 4500 4500 1 4700 4700 1 5000 5000 1 7000 7000 1 14000 14000 1 14848 14848 1 15830 15830 1 22155 22155 1 40000 40000 1 1e+05 1e+05 1 3e+05 3e+05 351 NA NA SCCS.v1100. Societal Migration or Relocation in past 100 Years [40] Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=45; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 26 1 None 1a Movement restricted by pre-state groups 2 2 Voluntary Migration, not the effect of world market 2a Forced migration by pre-state groups 4 3 Voluntary migration as a world market response 3a Movement restricted by state-level groups 3b Voluntary migration a world system not world market response 13 4 Forced Migration as a result of colonial power of state 326 NA NA SCCS.v1101. Other Societal Migration, Relocation or Settlement in past 500 Years Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=42; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 24 1 None 1a Movement restricted by pre-state groups 4 2 Voluntary Migration, not the effect of world market 2a Forced migration by pre-state groups (give reason in #44) 2 3 Voluntary migration as a world market response 3a Movement restricted by state-level groups 3b Voluntary migration a world system not world market response 12 4 Forced Migration as a result of colonial power of state 329 NA NA SCCS.v1102. Time in New Location until Date of Observation [42] Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=47; Number of unique values=19 Freq Value Description 28 0 None 2 3 3 1 6 6 1 7 7 1 9 9 1 12 12 1 13 13 1 18 18 1 37 37 1 40 40 1 46 46 1 56 56 1 80 80 1 84 84 1 106 106 1 120 120 1 150 150 1 170 170 1 400 400 324 NA NA SCCS.v1103. Distance Migrated (Miles) [43] Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 28 0 None 1 3 3 1 25 25 1 50 50 3 100 100 2 150 150 3 300 300 1 400 400 1 500 500 330 NA NA SCCS.v1104. Reason for Migration or Relocation [44] Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 28 1 1 7 2 Expansion to new areas due to population pressure, intensification 1 4 Expansive, in conflict with other groups, trade access 3 5 Defensive, in peaceful competition with other groups 8 6 Defensive, in violent conflict with other groups 5 7 Gvmt resettlement for labor, pacification, colonizing, agriculture 319 NA NA SCCS.v1105. Effects of Relocation on (a) Trade or Position in World System; (B) Gender Roles; (C) Social Structure, Land Tenure, etc. (Revise) [45] Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=50; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 29 1 N.A. 8 2 Positive Effect (e.g., Trade Networks Expanded) 3 3 Little or None 1 4 Transformation of agriculture to private ownership 1 5 Increased stratification, warfare (e.g., due to horse) 1 6 Grouped into villages to resist attack 1 7 Weakened 3 8 Displaced tradl groups, or fragmentation into smaller groups 3 9 Disrupted lifestyle or subsistence base 321 NA NA SCCS.v1106. Reservation or Reserve Status at Time of Observation [46] Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=51; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 35 1 Granted Original lands, right to live there and move about 10 2 Original Lands; must carry pass or id when not there 1 3 Original Lands; No right to live elsewhere permanently 4 5 Resettlement; must carry pass or id when not there 1 6 Resettlement; No right to live elsewhere permanently 320 NA NA SCCS.v1107. Society Unintentionally Caught up in State Level Warfare [47] Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 29 1 No 3 2 Yes, minor 2 3 Yes, moderate 5 4 Yes, major 332 NA NA SCCS.v1108. Years before (or after) Observation When Warfare First Stopped [58] Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=29; Number of unique values=13 Freq Value Description 6 0 No Warfare to Restrict OR 11 1 Warfare not restricted 1 2 Warfare informally restricted 1 21 21 1 24 24 1 25 25 1 27 27 1 30 30 1 36 36 2 40 40 1 70 70 1 74 74 1 250 250 342 NA NA SCCS.v1110. Restrictions on Warfare in Effect at Time of Observation { (including Restriction by Sheer Influx of Colonists or Settlers) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 7 1 No Warfare to Restrict 16 2 Warfare present and not restricted 13 4 Warfare restricted and reduced but not stopped 17 5 Warfare restricted and stopped 318 NA NA SCCS.v1111. Effects of Restriction above (Either) on Men and Women Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=35; Number of unique values=11 Freq Value Description 8 0 No Warfare to Restrict 12 1 Warfare not restricted 4 2 No or little Effect (e.g.,had been fairly peaceful, or battles prearranged) 1 3 Women not enslaved, men not killed 1 4 Mens trade up, womens contribution reduced 1 5 More feasting among men 2 6 Mens labor free for cash cropping, wage labor, or agriculture, animal husbandry 2 7 New means of dispute settlement, including reliance on new govt. 1 8 Broke up age grading 2 9 Broke up stratification, slavery, or political stratification 1 68 Other 336 NA NA SCCS.v1112. Number or Type of Turbulent Changes Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=54; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 8 1 None 5 2 Migration 4 3 Disease and Depopulation 3 4 Conquest 5 5 Conquest and Colonization (SHOULD COUNT AS TWO!) 2 6 Resettlement on Reservation or Land Grant 8 7 Two of the above 8 8 Three of the above 9 9 Four of the above 2 10 Five of the above 317 NA NA SCCS.v1116. Warfare Mortality (E&e 1983: 118) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=35; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 30 0 Low or Absent 5 1 High 336 NA NA SCCS.v1117. Internal Warfare (or Feuding) (E&e 1983: 178, 179, 185, 188, 304-306) (Ott: 143-49 Variable 4) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=74; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 36 0 Absent 33 1 Present 5 2 Civil War, in the absense of feuding or other types of internal war (may include civil disorder, uprisising) 297 NA NA SCCS.v1119. External War Only (Ott: 143-49 Variables 4, 5, 6) (E&e: 204, 205, 207, 209, 304-306) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 32 0 No 21 1 Yes 318 NA NA SCCS.v1120. Some External War (Ott: 143-49 Variables 5, 6) (E&e: 204, 205, 207, 209, 304-306) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=54; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 11 0 Absent 43 1 Present 317 NA NA SCCS.v1121. Depopulation (E&e 1983: 228, 293) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=32; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 3 0 Little or no depopulation 25 1 Some or considerable depopulation 4 2 Major depopulation 339 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Douglas R. White ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v1122. Log10 of Total Population { from Standard Sample Pinpointing Sheets; Noted If from Ethnographic Atlas } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 2 1 10-99 22 2 100-999 57 3 1000-9999 35 4 10000-99999 39 5 100000-999999 19 6 1000000-9999999 9 7 10000000-99999999 2 8 100000000-999999999 186 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Frederic L. Pryor, 1985. The Invention of the Plow. Comparative Studies in Society and History 27: 740-744. and Frederic L. Pryor, 1984. The Transition to Agriculture: Some Empirical Evidence. Ms. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v1123. Major Agricultural Staple Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=184; Number of unique values=22 Freq Value Description 38 0 Agriculture not practiced or confined to non-food crops 1 10 Buckwheat 14 11 Wheat 4 12 Barley 15 13 Millet 30 14 Sorghum 9 15 Maize 10 16 Dry Rice 9 17 Wet Rice 1 18 Rye 1 19 Teff 9 21 Yam 10 22 Taro or Okuma 4 23 White Potato 16 24 Cassava (Manioc) 2 25 Sweet Potato 1 26 Tubers in general 4 31 Bananas or Plantains 2 32 Breadfruit 2 33 Coconut 1 34 Ensete 1 40 Industrial Crops, e.g., cotton 187 NA NA SCCS.v1125. Second Agricultural Staple Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=184; Number of unique values=14 Freq Value Description 38 0 Agriculture not practiced or confined to non-food crops 117 1 No secondary agricultural staple 2 12 Barley 2 13 Millet 5 14 Sorghum 3 15 Maize 2 16 Dry Rice 3 17 Wet Rice 1 22 Taro or Okuma 1 23 White Potato 3 24 Cassava (Manioc) 3 31 Bananas or Plantains 3 35 Sago and other Palms 1 36 Pandanus 187 NA NA SCCS.v1127. Crop Type Plow-positive or -negative Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=184; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 38 0 Agriculture not practiced or confined to non-food crops 112 1 Plow-negative (Millet, Sorghum, Maize, Dry Rice, 34 2 Plow-positive (Buckwheat, Wheat, Barley, Wet Rice, Rye, 187 NA NA SCCS.v1128. Cropping Index (Rough Indicator of Fallowing) for Major Crops { Percentage of Total Land Used for Major Crops Used in Any given Year (Tree Crops Are Considered to Have No Fallow) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 38 0 Agriculture not practiced or confined to non-food crops 22 1 less than 10 pct of land used per year 26 2 10 pct - 29 pct of land used per year 15 3 30 pct - 49 pct of land used per year 32 4 50 pct - 99 pct of land used per year 29 5 100 pct or more of land used per year, (over 100 pct due to double cropping) 209 NA NA SCCS.v1130. Population Density (from Pryor Data) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 51 2 less than 1 per square mile 28 3 1 - 4.9 per square mile 35 4 5 - 24.9 per square mile 37 5 25 - 99.9 per square mile 24 6 99 - 499.9 per square mile 11 7 500 or more per square mile 185 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: George Peter Murdock, 1957. World Ethnographic Sample. American Anthropologist 59: 664-687. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v1132. Political Integration (Wes Col 15; EA Var 89) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=174; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 48 0 Insufficient information, or not coded 10 1 Absence, even at local level 46 2 Autonomous local communities (not > 1,500) 4 3 Peace groups transcending local community 27 4 Minimal States (1500-10,000) 9 5 Little States (10,000-100,000) 22 6 States (at least 100,000) 8 8 Dependent societies 197 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Laura Betzig. 1986. Despotism and Differential Reproduction: A Darwinian View of History. New York: Aldine. Introductions and explanations of the variables by the author were published in World Cultures, 1988, Volume 4, Number 4. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v1133. Maximum Harem Size { Simultaneous Conjugal Relations with Concubines and Wives Which the Individual at the Head of the Social Hierarchy (or, Where There Is No Hierarchy, the Most Polygynous Man), Enjoys. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=99; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 41 1 3 conjugal relationships or less 37 2 4-10 conjugal relationships 13 3 11-100 conjugal relationships 8 4 More than 100 conjugal relationships 272 NA NA SCCS.v1134. Despotic Bias in Conflict Resolution { Degree of Despotism, or the Extent to Which One Individual, at the Head of the Social Hierarchy, Is Able to Exploit His Position of Strength When a Conflict of Interest Arises, Effecting a Biased Result in His Favor. It Does Not Include Such Asymmetry over Slaves Nor over Members of the Household. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 90 1 Despotism absent: bias in the resolution of individual conflicts is not extreme, usually being effected by differences in strength, kinship connections, or wealth between the individuals involved. 14 2 Despotism present: Conflicts of interest among individuals are resolved with extreme bias, one individual being immune from sanction or even from accusation for major offenses (such as murder), while the other may incur severe punishment, even death, for trivial offenses (such as insult), or for no reason at all. 267 NA NA SCCS.v1135. Jurisdictional Perquisites { A Measure of the Extent to Which Individuals in the Jurisdictional Hierarchy Exploit Their Positions to Accrue Rewards in the Form of Fines, Bribes, and Confiscations, in Connection with Dispute Resolution. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=34; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 25 1 Perquisites are small, the reward in a single case being roughly less than a bride price or a bride. 9 2 Perquisites are substantial, reward in a single case is roughly greater than or equal to a bride price or a bride. 337 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Laura Betzig. 1989. Causes of Conjugal Dissolution: A Cross-Cultural Study. Current Anthropology 30: 654-676. Reprinted with permission of the author and the Editor of Current Anthropology. ----------------------------------------------------------- Variables 1136 - 1163 - deals with causes listed under Infidelity (III), Infertility (IV), Personality (V), and Economics (VI). Variables 1164 - 1178 deals with causes listed under Conflicts with In-Laws (VII), Ritual (VIII), Absence or Desertion (IX), Health (X), and Politics (XI) SCCS.v1136. Divorce Causes- Infidelity: Adultery Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 73 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 2 1 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Husband 25 2 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Both 6 3 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified 54 4 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Wife 211 NA NA SCCS.v1137. Divorce Causes- Infidelity: Lack of Virginity Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 154 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 6 4 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Wife 211 NA NA SCCS.v1138. Divorce Causes- Infidelity: Polygamy Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 135 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 25 1 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Husband 211 NA NA SCCS.v1139. Divorce Causes- Infidelity: Cruelty or Maltreatment Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 106 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 46 1 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Husband 5 2 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Both 3 3 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified 211 NA NA SCCS.v1140. Divorce Causes- Infidelity: Disobedience or Disrespect Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 148 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 1 3 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified 13 4 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Wife 209 NA NA SCCS.v1141. Divorce Causes- Infidelity: Repressiveness Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 159 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 1 1 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Husband 211 NA NA SCCS.v1142. Divorce Causes- Infidelity: Jealousy Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 154 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 1 1 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Husband 4 2 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Both 1 3 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified 211 NA NA SCCS.v1143. Divorce Causes- Infidelity: Another Lover Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 122 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 3 1 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Husband 11 2 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Both 24 4 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Wife 211 NA NA SCCS.v1144. Divorce Causes- Infertility: Sterility Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 84 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 13 1 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Husband 12 2 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Both 22 3 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified 29 4 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Wife 211 NA NA SCCS.v1145. Divorce Causes- Infertility: Sexual Neglect Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 145 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 15 1 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Husband 211 NA NA SCCS.v1146. Divorce Causes- Infertility: Refusal to Have Sex Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 148 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 12 4 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Wife 211 NA NA SCCS.v1147. Divorce Causes- Infertility: Death of Children Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 146 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 14 3 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified 211 NA NA SCCS.v1148. Divorce Causes- Infertility: Old Age Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 152 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 9 4 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Wife 210 NA NA SCCS.v1149. Divorce Causes- Infertility: Absence of Male Children Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 158 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 2 3 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified 211 NA NA SCCS.v1150. Divorce Causes- Infertility: Exchange Wife Has Too Few Children Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 159 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 1 3 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified 211 NA NA SCCS.v1151. Divorce Causes- Personality: Mutual Consent Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 118 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 1 1 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Husband 40 3 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified 1 4 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Wife 211 NA NA SCCS.v1152. Divorce Causes- Personality: Displeasingness Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 109 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 19 1 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Husband 17 2 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Both 15 4 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Wife 211 NA NA SCCS.v1153. Divorce Causes- Personality: Quarrelsomeness or Talkativeness Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 150 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 2 2 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Both 8 4 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Wife 211 NA NA SCCS.v1154. Divorce Causes- Personality: Bad Temper Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 151 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 1 1 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Husband 1 2 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Both 7 4 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Wife 211 NA NA SCCS.v1155. Divorce Causes- Personality: Other Personality Problems Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 146 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 5 1 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Husband 1 2 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Both 1 3 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified 7 4 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Wife 211 NA NA SCCS.v1156. Divorce Causes- Economic: Laziness Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 127 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 8 1 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Husband 9 2 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Both 3 3 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified 13 4 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Wife 211 NA NA SCCS.v1157. Divorce Causes- Economic: Inadequate Support Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 138 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 21 1 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Husband 1 3 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified 211 NA NA SCCS.v1158. Divorce Causes- Economic: Inadequate Housing Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 156 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 4 1 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Husband 211 NA NA SCCS.v1159. Divorce Causes- Economic: Inadequate Food Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 154 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 5 1 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Husband 1 2 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Both 211 NA NA SCCS.v1160. Divorce Causes- Economic: Inadequate Clothing Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 157 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 4 1 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Husband 210 NA NA SCCS.v1161. Divorce Causes- Economic: Inadequate Food Preparation Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 155 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 5 4 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Wife 211 NA NA SCCS.v1162. Divorce Causes- Economic: Inadequately Serving Spouse Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 152 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 8 4 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Wife 211 NA NA SCCS.v1163. Divorce Causes- Economic: Other Economic Problems Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 138 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 6 1 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Husband 6 2 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Both 1 3 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified 9 4 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Wife 211 NA NA SCCS.v1164. Divorce Causes- In-law Conflicts: Conflicts with In-laws Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 138 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 9 1 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Husband 3 2 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Both 1 3 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified 10 4 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Wife 210 NA NA SCCS.v1165. Divorce Causes- In-law Conflicts: Inadequately Serving In-laws Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 155 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 3 1 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Husband 1 2 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Both 2 4 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Wife 210 NA NA SCCS.v1166. Divorce Causes- In-law Conflicts: Bridewealth or Dowry Disputes Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 155 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 6 1 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Husband 210 NA NA SCCS.v1167. Divorce Causes- In-law Conflicts: Disrespect for In-laws Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 158 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 1 1 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Husband 1 2 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Both 1 4 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Wife 210 NA NA SCCS.v1168. Divorce Causes- In-law Conflicts: Spouse Favors Kin Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 154 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 3 1 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Husband 4 4 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Wife 210 NA NA SCCS.v1169. Divorce Causes- In-law Conflicts: Other In-law Problems Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 141 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 9 1 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Husband 9 3 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified 2 4 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Wife 210 NA NA SCCS.v1170. Divorce Causes- Ritual: Witchcraft or Sorcery Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 148 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 3 1 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Husband 2 2 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Both 1 3 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified 7 4 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Wife 210 NA NA SCCS.v1171. Divorce Causes- Ritual: Broken Taboo Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 156 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 1 1 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Husband 2 2 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Both 2 4 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Wife 210 NA NA SCCS.v1172. Divorce Causes- Ritual: Bad Dream of Omen Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 160 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 1 3 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified 210 NA NA SCCS.v1173. Divorce Causes- Ritual: Other Ritual Problems Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 153 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 2 2 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Both 3 3 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified 3 4 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Wife 210 NA NA SCCS.v1174. Divorce Causes- Absence or Desertion: Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 136 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 18 1 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Husband 4 2 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Both 1 3 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified 2 4 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Wife 210 NA NA SCCS.v1175. Divorce Causes- Health: Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 138 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 13 1 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Husband 3 2 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Both 1 3 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified 6 4 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Wife 210 NA NA SCCS.v1176. Divorce Causes- Politics: Theft Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 151 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 1 1 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Husband 3 2 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Both 1 3 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified 5 4 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Wife 210 NA NA SCCS.v1177. Divorce Causes- Politics: Confiction or Incarceration Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 159 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 2 1 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Husband 210 NA NA SCCS.v1178. Divorce Causes- Politics: Other Political Problems Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 154 0 Not mentioned as cause of divorce 7 3 Cause of Divorce Attributed to Unspecified 210 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: John M. Roberts, 1976. Belief in the Evil Eye in World Perspective. In Clarence Maloney, ed. The Evil Eye. Columbia University Press. pp. 223- ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v1188. Evil Eye Scaled Rating: Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 1 1 Absent, incontrovertibly 45 2 Absent, almost certainly 46 3 Absent, probably 27 4 Absent, possibly 8 5 Present, possibly 13 6 Present, probably 16 7 Present, almost certainly 30 8 Present, incontrovertibly 185 NA NA SCCS.v1189. Evil Eye Belief Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 119 0 Absent 67 1 Present 185 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Douglas R. White. n.d. Kinship Avoidance. Codes compiled and recoded from unpublished kinship sheets by G. P. Murdock. ----------------------------------------------------------- Kin Avoidance defined as reciprocal communicative avoidance: neither one can talk to the other. SCCS.v1190. Sororate Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 20 0 Not Present in either optional or obligatory form 7 1 Junior sibling only (WyZ, HyB) 30 3 Full Sororate or Levirate 314 NA NA SCCS.v1191. Levirate Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=56; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 19 0 Not Present in either optional or obligatory form 13 1 Junior sibling only (WyZ, HyB) 2 2 Half sibling only 22 3 Full Sororate or Levirate 315 NA NA SCCS.v1192. Structurally Opposed Kin Groups Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=74; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 5 0 Localized kin groups, not effectively exogamous 4 1 Nonlocalized kin groups, not effectively exogamous 3 2 Localized kin groups, effective kin exogamy 62 3 Nonlocalized kin groups, effective kin exogamy 297 NA NA SCCS.v1193. Exogamous Nonlocalized Descent Groups Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=65; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 10 0 Bilateral (with second degree exogamy) 1 1 Nonexclusive ambilineal 3 2 Exclusive ambilineal 50 3 Exclusive unilineal 1 4 Quasi-unilineal 306 NA NA SCCS.v1194. Indirect Exchange of Wives Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=58; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 18 0 Direct exchange, i.e., duo- or patrilateral cross-cousin marriage, sister exchange, or symmetric exchange 21 1 No first or second cross-cousin marriage 7 2 Matrilateral second cross-cousin marriage tendency 12 3 Matrilateral first cross-cousin marriage tendency 313 NA NA SCCS.v1195. Bridewealth Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=75; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 10 0 Dowry (even as alternate, e.g., Bd) 18 1 No exchange at marriage, and gift exchange or token bridewealth if descent not matrilineal 4 2 Gift exchange or token bridewealth if descent matrilineal 40 3 Brideprice or brideservice 3 4 Not Applicable: sister exchange 296 NA NA SCCS.v1197. Avoidance: M-wm or F-dh Mother-in-law Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=60; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 35 0 Absent 25 1 Present 311 NA NA SCCS.v1198. Avoidance: M-wf or M-dh Wife's Father Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=35; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 28 0 Absent 7 1 Present 336 NA NA SCCS.v1201. Avoidance: M-wez or F-yzh Wife's Elder Sister Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=48; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 44 0 Absent 4 1 Present 323 NA NA SCCS.v1202. Avoidance: M-wyz or F-ezh Wife's Younger Sister Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=49; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 48 0 Absent 1 1 Present 322 NA NA SCCS.v1204. Avoidance: F-hf or M-sw Husband's Father Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=50; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 36 0 Absent 14 1 Present 321 NA NA SCCS.v1205. Avoidance: F-hm or M-sw Husband's Mother Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=33; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 29 0 Absent 4 1 Present 338 NA NA SCCS.v1208. Avoidance: F-heb or M-ybw Husband's Elder Brother Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=54; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 45 0 Absent 9 1 Present 317 NA NA SCCS.v1209. Avoidance: F-hyb or M-ebw Husband's Younger Brother Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 51 0 Absent 2 1 Present 318 NA NA SCCS.v1211. Avoidance: F-eb or M-yz Brother-elder Sister Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 43 0 Absent 9 1 Present 319 NA NA SCCS.v1212. Avoidance: M-ez or F-yb Brother-younger Sister Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 43 0 Absent 9 1 Present 319 NA NA SCCS.v1215. Avoidance: F-mezs or M-myzd Matrilateral Parallel Cousin Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=26; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 21 0 Absent 5 1 Present 345 NA NA SCCS.v1216. Avoidance: F-myzs or M-mezd Matrilateral Parallel Cousin Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=26; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 21 0 Absent 5 1 Present 345 NA NA SCCS.v1217. Avoidance: F-febs or M-fybd Patrilateral Parallel Cousin Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=28; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 23 0 Absent 5 1 Present 343 NA NA SCCS.v1218. Avoidance: F-fybs or M-febd Patrilateral Parallel Cousin Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=28; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 23 0 Absent 5 1 Present 343 NA NA SCCS.v1219. Avoidance: F-mbs or M-fzd Patrilateral Cross-cousin Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=37; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 34 0 Absent 3 1 Present 334 NA NA SCCS.v1220. Avoidance: F-fzs or M-mbd Matrilateral Cross-cousin Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=42; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 39 0 Absent 3 1 Present 329 NA NA SCCS.v1223. Avoidance: M-fz or F-bs Paternal Aunt-nephew Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=24; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 22 0 Absent 2 1 Present 347 NA NA SCCS.v1224. Avoidance: F-mb or M-zd Maternal Uncle-neice Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=24; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 23 0 Absent 1 1 Present 347 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: George P. Murdock. 1971. Cross-Sex Kinship Behavior. Ethnology 10:359-368. Cross-Cultural Codes in Barry and Schlegel 1980. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v1226. Sister and Brother Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=44; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 8 1 Avoidance 22 2 Respect 12 3 Informality 2 5 Joking 327 NA NA SCCS.v1227. Wife's Mother and Daughter's Husband Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=54; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 26 1 Avoidance 19 2 Respect 8 3 Informality 1 4 Forbidden sex relations 317 NA NA SCCS.v1228. Husband's Mother and Son's Wife Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=42; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 16 1 Avoidance 14 2 Respect 8 3 Informality 2 4 Forbidden sex relations 1 5 Joking 1 6 Sex privleged relationship 329 NA NA SCCS.v1229. Mother's Brother's Wife and Husband's Sister's Son Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=24; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 1 1 Avoidance 8 2 Respect 4 3 Informality 5 4 Forbidden sex relations 2 5 Joking 4 6 Sex privleged relationship 347 NA NA SCCS.v1231. Mother's Brother's Son and Father's Sister's Son Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=45; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 3 1 Avoidance 3 2 Respect 8 3 Informality 13 4 Forbidden sex relations 11 5 Joking 7 6 Sex privleged relationship 326 NA NA SCCS.v1232. Father's Sister's Daughter and Mother's Brother's Son Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=46; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 2 1 Avoidance 4 2 Respect 9 3 Informality 15 4 Forbidden sex relations 10 5 Joking 6 6 Sex privleged relationship 325 NA NA SCCS.v1233. Elder Brother's Wife and Husband's Younger Brother Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=48; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 3 1 Avoidance 9 2 Respect 7 3 Informality 4 4 Forbidden sex relations 12 5 Joking 13 6 Sex privleged relationship 323 NA NA SCCS.v1234. Younger Brother's Wife and Husband's Elder Brother Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=49; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 10 1 Avoidance 8 2 Respect 6 3 Informality 6 4 Forbidden sex relations 9 5 Joking 10 6 Sex privleged relationship 322 NA NA SCCS.v1235. Wife's Elder Sister and Younger Sister's Husband Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=46; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 5 1 Avoidance 6 2 Respect 7 3 Informality 5 4 Forbidden sex relations 10 5 Joking 13 6 Sex privleged relationship 325 NA NA SCCS.v1236. Wife's Younger Sister and Elder Sister's Husband Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=46; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 1 1 Avoidance 6 2 Respect 6 3 Informality 4 4 Forbidden sex relations 13 5 Joking 16 6 Sex privleged relationship 325 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Judith L. Anderson, Charles B. Crawford, Joanne Nadeau, and Tracy Lindberg. 1992 Was the Duchess of Windsor Right? A Cross-Cultural Review of the Socioecology of Ideals of Female Body Shape. Ethology and Sociobiology 13:197- ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v1248. Female Body Type Considered Most Attractive Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=58; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 20 1 Plump or fat (original code 1) 6 2 (original code 1.5) 20 3 Moderate degree of fatness (original code 2) 12 4 Slim or slender (original code 3) 313 NA NA SCCS.v1249. Exposure of Adolescent Girls to Male Sexual Advances Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=49; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 5 2 Protection by adult groups (original code 2) 2 3 (original code 2.5) 17 4 Protection by parents only (original code 3) 2 5 Protection by peers (original code 4) 1 6 (original code 4.5) 22 7 No protection (original code 5) 322 NA NA SCCS.v1250. Consequences for Adolescent Girls Pregnant before Marriage Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=50; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 7 1 No bad consequences; mother supported by family, community, and or father of baby (original code 1) 12 2 Illegitimacy disapproved. Parental disapproval, or hasty arrangement of marriage. No serious diminution of support (original code 2) 6 3 (original code 2.5) 16 4 Public disapproval, significant diminution of support (original code 3) 2 5 (original code 3.5) 6 6 Ostracism, permanent loss of status and support (original code 4) 1 7 7 321 NA NA SCCS.v1251. Degree of Public Awareness of Menarche Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=51; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 16 1 Only mother and daughter know, no public announcement (original code 1) 7 2 Family knowledge, recognition within family (original code 2) 1 3 (original code 2.5) 5 4 Quiet segregation and/or recognition among women outside family (original code 3) 1 5 (original code 3.5) 21 6 Public ceremony (original code 4) 320 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Bobbi S. Low. 1988. Pathogen Stress and Polygyny in Humans. In, Human Reproductive Behavior: A Darwinian Perspective. (L. Betzig, M. Borgerhoff Mulder, and P. Turke, eds.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 115-127. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v1253. Pathogen stress: Leishmanias Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 117 1 Absent or not recorded 35 2 Present, no indication of severity 34 3 Present and serious, widespread, or endemic 185 NA NA SCCS.v1254. Pathogen stress: Trypanosomes Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 134 1 Absent or not recorded 38 2 Present, no indication of severity 14 3 Present and serious, widespread, or endemic 185 NA NA SCCS.v1255. Pathogen stress: Malaria Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 55 1 Absent or not recorded 20 2 Present, no indication of severity 111 3 Present and serious, widespread, or endemic 185 NA NA SCCS.v1256. Pathogen stress: Schistosomes Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 129 1 Absent or not recorded 16 2 Present, no indication of severity 41 3 Present and serious, widespread, or endemic 185 NA NA SCCS.v1257. Pathogen stress: Filariae Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 89 1 Absent or not recorded 1 2 Present, no indication of severity 96 3 Present and serious, widespread, or endemic 185 NA NA SCCS.v1258. Pathogen stress: Spirochetes Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 76 1 Absent or not recorded 45 2 Present, no indication of severity 65 3 Present and serious, widespread, or endemic 185 NA NA SCCS.v1259. Pathogen stress: Leprosy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 70 1 Absent or not recorded 72 2 Present, no indication of severity 44 3 Present and serious, widespread, or endemic 185 NA NA SCCS.v1260. Pathogen stress: Total Pathogen Stress Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=15 Freq Value Description 30 7 Sum of variables 1253-1259 is 7 9 8 Sum of variables 1253-1259 is 8 9 9 Sum of variables 1253-1259 is 9 4 10 Sum of variables 1253-1259 is 10 20 11 Sum of variables 1253-1259 is 11 20 12 Sum of variables 1253-1259 is 12 13 13 Sum of variables 1253-1259 is 13 20 14 Sum of variables 1253-1259 is 14 16 15 Sum of variables 1253-1259 is 15 16 16 Sum of variables 1253-1259 is 16 9 17 Sum of variables 1253-1259 is 17 9 18 Sum of variables 1253-1259 is 18 6 19 Sum of variables 1253-1259 is 19 3 20 Sum of variables 1253-1259 is 20 2 21 Sum of variables 1253-1259 is 21 185 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Robert Dirks. 1993. Starvation and Famine: Cross-Cultural and Some Hypothesis Tests. Cross-Cultural Research 27:28-69. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v1261. Ordinary Nutritional Conditions and Endemic Starvation Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=101; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 38 1 Very Low 35 2 Low 23 3 High 5 4 Very High 270 NA NA SCCS.v1262. Occurrence of Short-term Starvation Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 21 1 Low 133 2 Moderate 15 3 High 202 NA NA SCCS.v1263. Occurrence of Seasonal Starvation Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=168; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 35 1 Very Low 5 2 Low 64 3 Moderate 29 4 High 35 5 Very High 203 NA NA SCCS.v1265. Occurrence of Famine Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 16 1 Very Low 28 2 Low 12 3 High 114 4 Very High 201 NA NA SCCS.v1267. Severity of Famine Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 16 1 Very Low 7 2 Low 33 3 High 54 4 Very High 261 NA NA SCCS.v1268. Persistence of Famine Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 29 1 Low 27 2 Moderate 49 3 High 266 NA NA SCCS.v1269. Recurrence of Famine Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=129; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 28 1 Low 87 2 Intermediate 14 3 High 242 NA NA SCCS.v1270. Contingency of Famine Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=101; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 16 0 Absent 13 1 Low 45 2 Intermediate 27 3 High 270 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Candice Bradley. 1987. Women, Children and Work. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. University of California, Irvine. UMI 8893611. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v1271. Adult Land Clearance: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=71; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 19 0 Activity not present 29 1 Men Only 13 2 Men Predominant 4 3 Men and Women Equal 3 4 Women Predominant 2 5 Women Only 1 10 Slaves Only 300 NA NA SCCS.v1272. Adult Soil Preparation: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=67; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 19 0 Activity not present 21 1 Men Only 11 2 Men Predominant 6 3 Men and Women Equal 5 4 Women Predominant 4 5 Women Only 1 10 Slaves Only 304 NA NA SCCS.v1273. Adult Planting: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=71; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 19 0 Activity not present 10 1 Men Only 9 2 Men Predominant 10 3 Men and Women Equal 10 4 Women Predominant 10 5 Women Only 1 8 Men, No Data on Women 1 9 Women, No Data on Men 1 10 Slaves Only 300 NA NA SCCS.v1274. Adult Crop Tending: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=67; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 19 0 Activity not present 6 1 Men Only 8 2 Men Predominant 8 3 Men and Women Equal 10 4 Women Predominant 15 5 Women Only 1 10 Slaves Only 304 NA NA SCCS.v1275. Adult Harvesting: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=71; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 19 0 Activity not present 5 1 Men Only 11 2 Men Predominant 13 3 Men and Women Equal 12 4 Women Predominant 10 5 Women Only 1 10 Slaves Only 300 NA NA SCCS.v1276. Adult Agricultural Task Unspecified: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 19 0 Activity not present 2 1 Men Only 7 2 Men Predominant 4 3 Men and Women Equal 5 4 Women Predominant 1 5 Women Only 1 10 Slaves Only 332 NA NA SCCS.v1277. Adult Other Agricultural Chores: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=20; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 19 0 Activity not present 1 10 Slaves Only 351 NA NA SCCS.v1278. Child Land Clearance: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=56; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 19 0 Activity not present 13 1 Boys Only 3 2 Boys Predominant 5 3 Boys and Girls Equal 3 5 Girls Only 5 6 Not a Childs Task 4 7 Child Task, no Data on Sex 2 8 Boys, No Data on Girls 1 9 Girls, No Data on Boys 1 10 Slaves Only 315 NA NA SCCS.v1279. Child Soil Preparation: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 19 0 Activity not present 13 1 Boys Only 3 2 Boys Predominant 5 3 Boys and Girls Equal 4 5 Girls Only 2 6 Not a Childs Task 4 7 Child Task, no Data on Sex 1 8 Boys, No Data on Girls 1 9 Girls, No Data on Boys 1 10 Slaves Only 318 NA NA SCCS.v1280. Child Planting: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique values=11 Freq Value Description 19 0 Activity not present 5 1 Boys Only 2 2 Boys Predominant 9 3 Boys and Girls Equal 1 4 Girls Predominant 8 5 Girls Only 6 6 Not a Childs Task 4 7 Child Task, no Data on Sex 1 8 Boys, No Data on Girls 1 9 Girls, No Data on Boys 1 10 Slaves Only 314 NA NA SCCS.v1281. Child Crop Tending: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=61; Number of unique values=11 Freq Value Description 19 0 Activity not present 5 1 Boys Only 5 2 Boys Predominant 13 3 Boys and Girls Equal 3 4 Girls Predominant 5 5 Girls Only 3 6 Not a Childs Task 5 7 Child Task, no Data on Sex 1 8 Boys, No Data on Girls 1 9 Girls, No Data on Boys 1 10 Slaves Only 310 NA NA SCCS.v1282. Child Harvesting: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=60; Number of unique values=11 Freq Value Description 19 0 Activity not present 5 1 Boys Only 3 2 Boys Predominant 10 3 Boys and Girls Equal 4 4 Girls Predominant 8 5 Girls Only 1 6 Not a Childs Task 6 7 Child Task, no Data on Sex 2 8 Boys, No Data on Girls 1 9 Girls, No Data on Boys 1 10 Slaves Only 311 NA NA SCCS.v1283. Child Agricultural Task Unspecified: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 19 0 Activity not present 3 1 Boys Only 2 2 Boys Predominant 5 3 Boys and Girls Equal 2 4 Girls Predominant 3 5 Girls Only 2 7 Child Task, no Data on Sex 2 8 Boys, No Data on Girls 1 10 Slaves Only 332 NA NA SCCS.v1284. Child Other Agricultural Chores: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=22; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 19 0 Activity not present 1 1 Boys Only 1 5 Girls Only 1 10 Slaves Only 349 NA NA SCCS.v1285. Children under 6 Clear Land: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=43; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 40 0 Children this age do not do task 2 4 Not a Childs Task 1 5 Child Task, no Data on Sex 328 NA NA SCCS.v1286. Children under 6 Soil Preparation: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 39 0 Children this age do not do task 1 4 Not a Childs Task 1 5 Child Task, no Data on Sex 330 NA NA SCCS.v1287. Children under 6 Planting: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=42; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 39 0 Children this age do not do task 1 2 Girls this age 1 4 Not a Childs Task 1 5 Child Task, no Data on Sex 329 NA NA SCCS.v1288. Children under 6 Crop Tending: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=43; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 37 0 Children this age do not do task 1 1 Boys this age 1 2 Girls this age 3 3 Boys and Girls this age 1 5 Child Task, no Data on Sex 328 NA NA SCCS.v1289. Children under 6 Harvesting: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 38 0 Children this age do not do task 1 2 Girls this age 1 3 Boys and Girls this age 1 5 Child Task, no Data on Sex 330 NA NA SCCS.v1290. Children under 6 Agricultural Tasks Unspecified: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=29; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 28 0 Children this age do not do task 1 5 Child Task, no Data on Sex 342 NA NA SCCS.v1291. Children under 6 Other Agricultural Chores: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=22; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 21 0 Children this age do not do task 1 2 Girls this age 349 NA NA SCCS.v1292. Children 6 to 10 Clear Land: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 32 0 Children this age do not do task 2 1 Boys this age 5 3 Boys and Girls this age 2 4 Not a Childs Task 330 NA NA SCCS.v1293. Children 6 to 10 Soil Preparation: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 28 0 Children this age do not do task 3 1 Boys this age 1 2 Girls this age 6 3 Boys and Girls this age 1 4 Not a Childs Task 332 NA NA SCCS.v1294. Children 6 to 10 Planting: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=42; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 27 0 Children this age do not do task 2 1 Boys this age 3 2 Girls this age 9 3 Boys and Girls this age 1 4 Not a Childs Task 329 NA NA SCCS.v1295. Children 6 to 10 Crop Tending: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=42; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 24 0 Children this age do not do task 1 1 Boys this age 3 2 Girls this age 14 3 Boys and Girls this age 329 NA NA SCCS.v1296. Children 6 to 10 Harvesting: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 23 0 Children this age do not do task 4 1 Boys this age 4 2 Girls this age 9 3 Boys and Girls this age 331 NA NA SCCS.v1297. Children 6 to 10 Agricultural Tasks Unspecified: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=27; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 20 0 Children this age do not do task 6 3 Boys and Girls this age 1 5 Child Task, no Data on Sex 344 NA NA SCCS.v1298. Children 6 to 10 Other Agricultural Chores: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=21; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 20 0 Children this age do not do task 1 3 Boys and Girls this age 350 NA NA SCCS.v1299. Children over 10 Clear Land: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=44; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 20 0 Children this age do not do task 13 1 Boys this age 1 2 Girls this age 7 3 Boys and Girls this age 2 4 Not a Childs Task 1 6 Boys this age, No Data on Girls 327 NA NA SCCS.v1300. Children over 10 Soil Preparation: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=42; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 19 0 Children this age do not do task 12 1 Boys this age 2 2 Girls this age 7 3 Boys and Girls this age 1 4 Not a Childs Task 1 6 Boys this age, No Data on Girls 329 NA NA SCCS.v1301. Children over 10 Planting: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=43; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 20 0 Children this age do not do task 5 1 Boys this age 5 2 Girls this age 11 3 Boys and Girls this age 1 4 Not a Childs Task 1 6 Boys this age, No Data on Girls 328 NA NA SCCS.v1302. Children over 10 Crop Tending: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=44; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 21 0 Children this age do not do task 4 1 Boys this age 4 2 Girls this age 13 3 Boys and Girls this age 1 6 Boys this age, No Data on Girls 1 7 Girls this age, No Data on Boys 327 NA NA SCCS.v1303. Children over 10 Harvesting: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 19 0 Children this age do not do task 4 1 Boys this age 5 2 Girls this age 12 3 Boys and Girls this age 1 6 Boys this age, No Data on Girls 330 NA NA SCCS.v1304. Children over 10 Agricultural Tasks Unspecified: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=28; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 19 0 Children this age do not do task 1 1 Boys this age 1 2 Girls this age 6 3 Boys and Girls this age 1 5 Child Task, no Data on Sex 343 NA NA SCCS.v1305. Children over 10 Other Agricultural Chores: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=21; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 20 0 Children this age do not do task 1 3 Boys and Girls this age 350 NA NA SCCS.v1306. Uses of Fruits of Labor: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=65; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 19 0 None (e.g.,Activity not present) 36 2 Product consumer is household or community 9 4 Household and wage labor or product sold 1 5 1 & 2 above 306 NA NA SCCS.v1307. Children Clear Land Alone: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=49; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 20 0 Activity not present 2 1 Yes, Children do this 27 2 No, Children do not do this 322 NA NA SCCS.v1308. Children Prepare Soil Alone: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=48; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 20 0 Activity not present 4 1 Yes, Children do this 24 2 No, Children do not do this 323 NA NA SCCS.v1309. Children Plant Alone: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=51; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 19 0 Activity not present 3 1 Yes, Children do this 29 2 No, Children do not do this 320 NA NA SCCS.v1310. Children Tend Crops Alone: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=51; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 19 0 Activity not present 3 1 Yes, Children do this 29 2 No, Children do not do this 320 NA NA SCCS.v1311. Children Harvest Alone: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 19 0 Activity not present 2 1 Yes, Children do this 31 2 No, Children do not do this 319 NA NA SCCS.v1312. Children Do Unspecified Agricultural Tasks Alone: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=38; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 19 0 Activity not present 1 1 Yes, Children do this 18 2 No, Children do not do this 333 NA NA SCCS.v1313. Children Do Other Agricultural Chores Alone: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=25; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 19 0 Activity not present 1 1 Yes, Children do this 5 2 No, Children do not do this 346 NA NA SCCS.v1314. Children Clear Land with Other Kids: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=50; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 20 0 Activity not present 7 1 Yes, Children do this 23 2 No, Children do not do this 321 NA NA SCCS.v1315. Children Prepare Soil with Other Kids: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=48; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 20 0 Activity not present 5 1 Yes, Children do this 23 2 No, Children do not do this 323 NA NA SCCS.v1316. Children Plant with Other Kids: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=50; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 19 0 Activity not present 7 1 Yes, Children do this 24 2 No, Children do not do this 321 NA NA SCCS.v1317. Children Tend Crops with Other Kids: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 19 0 Activity not present 12 1 Yes, Children do this 21 2 No, Children do not do this 319 NA NA SCCS.v1318. Children Harvest with Other Kids: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 19 0 Activity not present 6 1 Yes, Children do this 27 2 No, Children do not do this 319 NA NA SCCS.v1319. Children Do Unspecified Chores with Other Kids: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=36; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 19 0 Activity not present 5 1 Yes, Children do this 12 2 No, Children do not do this 335 NA NA SCCS.v1320. Children Do Other Agricultural Chores with Other Kids: Primary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=24; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 19 0 Activity not present 1 1 Yes, Children do this 4 2 No, Children do not do this 347 NA NA SCCS.v1321. Children Clear Land with Adults: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=49; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 20 0 Activity not present 24 1 Yes, Children do this (codes not ordered) 5 2 No, Children do not do this 322 NA NA SCCS.v1322. Children Prepare Soil with Adults: Primary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=48; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 20 0 Activity not present 23 1 Yes , Children do this 5 2 No, Children do not do this 323 NA NA SCCS.v1323. Children Plant with Adults: Primary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=50; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 19 0 Activity not present 25 1 Yes, Children do this 6 2 No, Children do not do this 321 NA NA SCCS.v1324. Children Tend Crops with Adults: Primary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=51; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 19 0 Activity not present 23 1 Yes, Children do this 9 2 No, Children do not do this 320 NA NA SCCS.v1325. Children Harvest with Adults: Primary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 19 0 Activity not present 28 1 Yes, Children do this 5 2 No, Children do not do this 319 NA NA SCCS.v1326. Children Do Unspecified Agricultural Tasks with Adults: Primary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=36; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 19 0 Activity not present 14 1 Yes, Children do this 3 2 No, Children do not do this 335 NA NA SCCS.v1327. Children Do Other Agricultural Chores with Adults: Primary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=22; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 19 0 Activity not present 2 1 Yes, Children do this 1 2 No, Children do not do this 349 NA NA SCCS.v1328. Importance of Boy Clearing: Primary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 21 0 Boys do not do this task 3 1 The most important task for boys 16 2 Boys commonly do the task, but not their most important 331 NA NA SCCS.v1329. Importance of Boy Preparing Soil: Primary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 22 0 Boys do not do this task 4 1 The most important task for boys 13 2 Boys commonly do the task, but not their most important 332 NA NA SCCS.v1330. Importance of Boy Planting: Primary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=42; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 27 0 Boys do not do this task 2 1 The most important task for boys 11 2 Boys commonly do the task, but not their most important 2 3 Boys rarely do, or usually done by girls 329 NA NA SCCS.v1331. Importance of Boy Tending Crops: Primary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=43; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 23 0 Boys do not do this task 4 1 The most important task for boys 14 2 Boys commonly do the task, but not their most important 2 3 Boys rarely do, or usually done by girls 328 NA NA SCCS.v1332. Importance of Boy Harvesting: Primary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=44; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 25 0 Boys do not do this task 2 1 The most important task for boys 15 2 Boys commonly do the task, but not their most important 2 3 Boys rarely do, or usually done by girls 327 NA NA SCCS.v1333. Importance of Boy Unspecified Agricultural Tasks: Primary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=29; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 20 0 Boys do not do this task 2 1 The most important task for boys 7 2 Boys commonly do the task, but not their most important 342 NA NA SCCS.v1334. Importance of Boy Other Agricultural Chores: Primary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=21; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 19 0 Boys do not do this task 2 2 Boys commonly do the task, but not their most important 350 NA NA SCCS.v1335. Importance of Girl Clearing: Primary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 29 0 Girls do not do this task 11 2 Girls commonly do the task, but not their most important 331 NA NA SCCS.v1336. Importance of Girl Preparing Soil: Primary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=37; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 27 0 Girls do not do this task 10 2 Girls commonly do the task, but not their most important 334 NA NA SCCS.v1337. Importance of Girl Planting: Primary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=43; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 24 0 Girls do not do this task 19 2 Girls commonly do the task, but not their most important 328 NA NA SCCS.v1338. Importance of Girl Tending Crops: Primary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=43; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 22 0 Girls do not do this task 1 1 The most important task for girls 19 2 Girls commonly do the task, but not their most important 1 3 Girls rarely do, or usually done by boys 328 NA NA SCCS.v1339. Importance of Girl Harvesting: Primary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=44; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 23 0 Girls do not do this task 20 2 Girls commonly do the task, but not their most important 1 3 Girls rarely do, or usually done by boys 327 NA NA SCCS.v1340. Importance of Girl Unspecified Agricultural Tasks: Primary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=31; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 20 0 Girls do not do this task 1 1 The most important task for girls 9 2 Girls commonly do the task, but not their most important 1 3 Girls rarely do, or usually done by boys 340 NA NA SCCS.v1341. Importance of Girl Other Agricultural Chores: Primary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=21; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 19 0 Girls do not do this task 2 2 Girls commonly do the task, but not their most important 350 NA NA SCCS.v1342. Adult Preference in Land Clearing: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=65; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 21 0 None (e.g.,Activity not present) 43 1 Common or important adult task 1 3 Usually adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent 306 NA NA SCCS.v1343. Adult Preference in Soil Preparation: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=62; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 21 0 None (e.g.,Activity not present) 40 1 Common or important adult task 1 3 Usually adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent 309 NA NA SCCS.v1344. Adult Preference in Planting: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=65; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 21 0 None (e.g.,Activity not present) 42 1 Common or important adult task 1 2 Not preferred by adults, considered childs task 1 3 Usually adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent 306 NA NA SCCS.v1345. Adult Preference in Crop Tending: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=63; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 21 0 None (e.g.,Activity not present) 37 1 Common or important adult task 4 2 Not preferred by adults, considered childs task 1 3 Usually adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent 308 NA NA SCCS.v1346. Adult Preference in Harvesting: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=68; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 21 0 None (e.g.,Activity not present) 46 1 Common or important adult task 1 3 Usually adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent 303 NA NA SCCS.v1347. Adult Preference in Unspecified Agricultural Tasks: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=36; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 21 0 None (e.g.,Activity not present) 14 1 Common or important adult task 1 3 Usually adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent 335 NA NA SCCS.v1348. Adult Preference in Other Agricultural Chores: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=22; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 21 0 None (e.g.,Activity not present) 1 1 Common or important adult task 349 NA NA SCCS.v1349. Primary Crop Name Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=81; Number of unique values=17 Freq Value Description 21 0 No agriculture 2 1 Barley 10 2 Maize 8 3 Millet 3 4 Dry rice 7 5 Wet rice 5 7 Wheat 1 13 Breadfruit 5 14 Cassava 2 15 Potato 1 16 Sweet potato 4 18 Taro 5 19 Yams 2 21 Plantains 1 22 Dates 2 31 Coconut 2 51 Animal fodder 290 NA NA SCCS.v1350. Other Primary Crop Name Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=72; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 66 0 No agriculture 2 1 Barley 1 5 Wet rice 2 6 Sorghum 1 13 Breadfruit 299 NA NA SCCS.v1351. Irrigation Used: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=73; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 51 0 None/Absent 22 1 Yes/Present 298 NA NA SCCS.v1352. Hand Plow Used: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=73; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 70 0 None/Absent 3 1 Yes/Present 298 NA NA SCCS.v1353. Animal Plow Used: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=72; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 56 0 None/Absent 16 1 Yes/Present 299 NA NA SCCS.v1354. Terraces and Mounds Used: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=66; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 46 0 None/Absent 20 1 Yes/Present 305 NA NA SCCS.v1355. Fences Used: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=59; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 47 0 None/Absent 12 1 Yes/Present 312 NA NA SCCS.v1356. Green Manure and Mulch Used: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=58; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 53 0 None/Absent 5 1 Yes/Present 313 NA NA SCCS.v1357. Animal Manure Used: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 48 0 None/Absent 9 1 Yes/Present 314 NA NA SCCS.v1358. Human Manure Used: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 54 0 None/Absent 3 1 Yes/Present 314 NA NA SCCS.v1360. Extent of Weeding: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=60; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 26 0 None/No weeding/crops not weeded 1 1 Crop weeded once 4 2 Crop weeded twice 6 3 Crop weeded three times 2 4 Weeding, but not extensively, no data on # times 13 5 Extensive weeding, no data on # times 8 6 Weeding, no data on extent or # times 311 NA NA SCCS.v1361. Crop Supervision: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=64; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 22 0 No agriculture 27 1 Crops supervised from homestead 15 2 Distant crops supervised, e.g. huts built in fields 307 NA NA SCCS.v1362. Planting Techniques: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 21 0 No agriculture 3 1 Seeds broadcast 14 2 Seeds planted by hand/manually 6 3 Seedlings transplanted 9 4 Cuttings planted 1 5 1 and 2 above 3 6 2 and 3 above 314 NA NA SCCS.v1363. Shortest Length of Fallow: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=56; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 24 0 No agriculture 15 1 0 years (permanent cultivation) 4 2 2 years 2 3 3 years 2 4 4 years 5 5 5 years 3 6 6 years 1 7 7 years 315 NA NA SCCS.v1364. Soil Treatments/Sands Used: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=58; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 53 0 None/Absent 5 1 Yes/Present 313 NA NA SCCS.v1365. Chemical Fertilizers Used: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=62; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 59 0 None/Absent 3 1 Yes/Present 309 NA NA SCCS.v1366. Stakes and Trellises Used: Primary Crop Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=49; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 45 0 None/Absent 4 1 Yes/Present 322 NA NA SCCS.v1367. Adult Land Clearance: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=64; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 26 0 Activity not present 17 1 Men Only 11 2 Men Predominant 4 3 Men and Women Equal 1 4 Women Predominant 3 5 Women Only 1 8 Men, No Data on Women 1 10 Slaves Only 307 NA NA SCCS.v1368. Adult Soil Preparation: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=61; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 26 0 Activity not present 13 1 Men Only 8 2 Men Predominant 3 3 Men and Women Equal 4 4 Women Predominant 5 5 Women Only 1 8 Men, No Data on Women 1 10 Slaves Only 310 NA NA SCCS.v1369. Adult Planting: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=59; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 25 0 Activity not present 7 1 Men Only 1 2 Men Predominant 8 3 Men and Women Equal 6 4 Women Predominant 9 5 Women Only 2 8 Men, No Data on Women 1 10 Slaves Only 312 NA NA SCCS.v1370. Adult Crop Tending: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=61; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 26 0 Activity not present 6 1 Men Only 2 2 Men Predominant 9 3 Men and Women Equal 6 4 Women Predominant 10 5 Women Only 1 8 Men, No Data on Women 1 10 Slaves Only 310 NA NA SCCS.v1371. Adult Harvesting: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=61; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 25 0 Activity not present 5 1 Men Only 5 2 Men Predominant 8 3 Men and Women Equal 9 4 Women Predominant 7 5 Women Only 1 7 Adult Task, No Data on Sex 1 10 Slaves Only 310 NA NA SCCS.v1372. Adult Agricultural Task Unspecified: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 25 0 Activity not present 1 1 Men Only 3 2 Men Predominant 4 3 Men and Women Equal 2 4 Women Predominant 2 5 Women Only 1 7 Adult Task, No Data on Sex 1 10 Slaves Only 332 NA NA SCCS.v1373. Adult Other Agricultural Chores: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=26; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 25 0 Activity not present 1 10 Slaves Only 345 NA NA SCCS.v1374. Child Land Clearance: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=51; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 26 0 Activity not present 9 1 Boys Only 1 2 Boys Predominant 3 3 Boys and Girls Equal 3 5 Girls Only 3 6 Not a Childs Task 3 7 Child Task, no Data on Sex 1 8 Boys, No Data on Girls 1 9 Girls, No Data on Boys 1 10 Slaves Only 320 NA NA SCCS.v1375. Child Soil Preparation: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=50; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 26 0 Activity not present 7 1 Boys Only 1 2 Boys Predominant 3 3 Boys and Girls Equal 5 5 Girls Only 2 6 Not a Childs Task 3 7 Child Task, no Data on Sex 1 8 Boys, No Data on Girls 1 9 Girls, No Data on Boys 1 10 Slaves Only 321 NA NA SCCS.v1376. Child Planting: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=48; Number of unique values=11 Freq Value Description 25 0 Activity not present 3 1 Boys Only 1 2 Boys Predominant 6 3 Boys and Girls Equal 1 4 Girls Predominant 3 5 Girls Only 2 6 Not a Childs Task 4 7 Child Task, no Data on Sex 1 8 Boys, No Data on Girls 1 9 Girls, No Data on Boys 1 10 Slaves Only 323 NA NA SCCS.v1377. Child Crop Tending: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=54; Number of unique values=11 Freq Value Description 26 0 Activity not present 3 1 Boys Only 1 2 Boys Predominant 10 3 Boys and Girls Equal 2 4 Girls Predominant 3 5 Girls Only 3 6 Not a Childs Task 3 7 Child Task, no Data on Sex 1 8 Boys, No Data on Girls 1 9 Girls, No Data on Boys 1 10 Slaves Only 317 NA NA SCCS.v1378. Child Crop Harvesting: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 25 0 Activity not present 5 1 Boys Only 1 2 Boys Predominant 6 3 Boys and Girls Equal 2 4 Girls Predominant 4 5 Girls Only 1 6 Not a Childs Task 6 7 Child Task, no Data on Sex 1 9 Girls, No Data on Boys 1 10 Slaves Only 319 NA NA SCCS.v1379. Child Agricultural Task Unspecified: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 25 0 Activity not present 1 1 Boys Only 1 2 Boys Predominant 4 3 Boys and Girls Equal 1 4 Girls Predominant 3 5 Girls Only 2 7 Child Task, no Data on Sex 1 9 Girls, No Data on Boys 1 10 Slaves Only 332 NA NA SCCS.v1380. Child Other Agricultural Chores: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=26; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 25 0 Activity not present 1 10 Slaves Only 345 NA NA SCCS.v1384. Children under 6 Crop Tending: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 39 0 Children this age do not do task 2 3 Boys and Girls this age 330 NA NA SCCS.v1388. Children 6 to 10 Clear Land: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 35 0 Children this age do not do task 1 1 Boys this age 3 3 Boys and Girls this age 1 5 Child Task, no Data on Sex 331 NA NA SCCS.v1389. Children 6 to 10 Soil Preparation: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 31 0 Children this age do not do task 2 1 Boys this age 2 2 Girls this age 3 3 Boys and Girls this age 1 5 Child Task, no Data on Sex 332 NA NA SCCS.v1390. Children 6 to 10 Planting: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=38; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 31 0 Children this age do not do task 1 1 Boys this age 1 2 Girls this age 4 3 Boys and Girls this age 1 5 Child Task, no Data on Sex 333 NA NA SCCS.v1391. Children 6 to 10 Crop Tending: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 30 0 Children this age do not do task 1 1 Boys this age 1 2 Girls this age 6 3 Boys and Girls this age 1 5 Child Task, no Data on Sex 332 NA NA SCCS.v1392. Children 6 to 10 Harvesting: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=37; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 30 0 Children this age do not do task 1 1 Boys this age 1 2 Girls this age 3 3 Boys and Girls this age 2 5 Child Task, no Data on Sex 334 NA NA SCCS.v1393. Children 6 to 10 Agricultural Tasks Unspecified: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=31; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 27 0 Children this age do not do task 3 3 Boys and Girls this age 1 5 Child Task, no Data on Sex 340 NA NA SCCS.v1394. Children 6 to 10 Other Agricultural Chores: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=26; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 25 0 Children this age do not do task 1 3 Boys and Girls this age 345 NA NA SCCS.v1395. Children over 10 Clear Land: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 26 0 Children this age do not do task 8 1 Boys this age 1 2 Girls this age 4 3 Boys and Girls this age 1 5 Child Task, no Data on Sex 331 NA NA SCCS.v1396. Children over 10 Soil Preparation: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 25 0 Children this age do not do task 6 1 Boys this age 3 2 Girls this age 4 3 Boys and Girls this age 1 5 Child Task, no Data on Sex 332 NA NA SCCS.v1397. Children over 10 Planting: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=38; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 25 0 Children this age do not do task 3 1 Boys this age 2 2 Girls this age 7 3 Boys and Girls this age 1 5 Child Task, no Data on Sex 333 NA NA SCCS.v1398. Children over 10 Crop Tending: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 26 0 Children this age do not do task 3 1 Boys this age 3 2 Girls this age 7 3 Boys and Girls this age 1 5 Child Task, no Data on Sex 331 NA NA SCCS.v1399. Children over 10 Harvesting: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=36; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 25 0 Children this age do not do task 4 1 Boys this age 2 2 Girls this age 4 3 Boys and Girls this age 1 5 Child Task, no Data on Sex 335 NA NA SCCS.v1400. Children over 10 Agricultural Tasks Unspecified: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=30; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 25 0 Children this age do not do task 1 1 Boys this age 1 2 Girls this age 3 3 Boys and Girls this age 341 NA NA SCCS.v1401. Children over 10 Other Agricultural Chores: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=26; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 25 0 Children this age do not do task 1 3 Boys and Girls this age 345 NA NA SCCS.v1402. Uses of Fruits of Labor: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=59; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 25 0 None (e.g.,Activity not present) 28 2 Product consumer is household or community 2 3 Wage labor/product sold 3 4 Household and wage labor or product sold 1 5 1 & 2 above 312 NA NA SCCS.v1403. Children Clear Land Alone: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=44; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 26 0 Activity not present 1 1 Yes, Children do this 17 2 No, Children do not do this 327 NA NA SCCS.v1404. Children Prepare Soil Alone: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=43; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 26 0 Activity not present 1 1 Yes, Children do this 16 2 No, Children do not do this 328 NA NA SCCS.v1405. Children Plant Alone: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=44; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 25 0 Activity not present 1 1 Yes, Children do this 18 2 No, Children do not do this 327 NA NA SCCS.v1406. Children Tend Crops Alone: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=46; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 26 0 Activity not present 1 1 Yes, Children do this 19 2 No, Children do not do this 325 NA NA SCCS.v1407. Children Harvest Alone: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=46; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 25 0 Activity not present 2 1 Yes, Children do this 19 2 No, Children do not do this 325 NA NA SCCS.v1408. Children Do Unspecified Agricultural Tasks Alone: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 25 0 Activity not present 1 1 Yes, Children do this 13 2 No, Children do not do this 332 NA NA SCCS.v1409. Children Do Other Agricultural Chores Alone: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=29; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 25 0 Activity not present 1 1 Yes, Children do this 3 2 No, Children do not do this 342 NA NA SCCS.v1410. Children Clear Land with Other Kids: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=45; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 26 0 Activity not present 5 1 Yes, Children do this 14 2 No, Children do not do this 326 NA NA SCCS.v1411. Children Prepare Soil with Other Kids: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=43; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 26 0 Activity not present 3 1 Yes, Children do this 14 2 No, Children do not do this 328 NA NA SCCS.v1412. Children Plant with Other Kids: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=44; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 25 0 Activity not present 5 1 Yes, Children do this 14 2 No, Children do not do this 327 NA NA SCCS.v1413. Children Tend Crops with Other Kids: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=46; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 26 0 Activity not present 9 1 Yes, Children do this 11 2 No, Children do not do this 325 NA NA SCCS.v1414. Children Harvest with Other Kids: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=46; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 25 0 Activity not present 7 1 Yes, Children do this 14 2 No, Children do not do this 325 NA NA SCCS.v1415. Children Do Unspecified Chores with Other Kids: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=37; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 25 0 Activity not present 4 1 Yes, Children do this 8 2 No, Children do not do this 334 NA NA SCCS.v1416. Children Do Other Agricultural Chores with Other Kids: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=28; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 25 0 Activity not present 1 1 Yes, Children do this 2 2 No, Children do not do this 343 NA NA SCCS.v1417. Children Clear Land with Adults: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=44; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 26 0 Activity not present 14 1 Yes, Children do this 4 2 No, Children do not do this 327 NA NA SCCS.v1418. Children Prepare Soil with Adults: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=43; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 26 0 Activity not present 14 1 Yes, Children do this 3 2 No, Children do not do this 328 NA NA SCCS.v1419. Children Plant with Adults: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=44; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 25 0 Activity not present 15 1 Yes, Children do this 4 2 No, Children do not do this 327 NA NA SCCS.v1420. Children Tend Crops with Adults: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=46; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 26 0 Activity not present 13 1 Yes, Children do this 7 2 No, Children do not do this 325 NA NA SCCS.v1421. Children Harvest with Adults: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=46; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 25 0 Activity not present 16 1 Yes, Children do this 5 2 No, Children do not do this 325 NA NA SCCS.v1422. Children Do Unspecified Agricultural Tasks with Adults: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=36; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 25 0 Activity not present 7 1 Yes, Children do this 4 2 No, Children do not do this 335 NA NA SCCS.v1423. Children Do Other Agricultural Chores with Adults: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=26; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 25 0 Activity not present 1 2 No, Children do not do this 345 NA NA SCCS.v1424. Importance of Boy Clearing: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=36; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 26 0 Boys do not do this task 10 2 Boys commonly do the task, but not their most important 335 NA NA SCCS.v1425. Importance of Boy Preparing Soil: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=36; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 28 0 Boys do not do this task 1 1 The most important task for boys 7 2 Boys commonly do the task, but not their most important 335 NA NA SCCS.v1426. Importance of Boy Planting: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=38; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 27 0 Boys do not do this task 9 2 Boys commonly do the task, but not their most important 2 3 Boys rarely do, or usually done by girls 333 NA NA SCCS.v1427. Importance of Boy Tending Crops: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=38; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 27 0 Boys do not do this task 10 2 Boys commonly do the task, but not their most important 1 3 Boys rarely do, or usually done by girls 333 NA NA SCCS.v1428. Importance of Boy Harvesting: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 27 0 Boys do not do this task 13 2 Boys commonly do the task, but not their most important 1 3 Boys rarely do, or usually done by girls 330 NA NA SCCS.v1429. Importance of Boy Unspecified Agricultural Tasks: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=32; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 26 0 Boys do not do this task 1 1 The most important task for boys 5 2 Boys commonly do the task, but not their most important 339 NA NA SCCS.v1430. Importance of Boy Other Agricultural Chores: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=26; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 25 0 Boys do not do this task 1 2 Boys commonly do the task, but not their most important 345 NA NA SCCS.v1431. Importance of Girl Clearing: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=38; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 30 0 Girls do not do this task 8 2 Girls commonly do the task, but not their most important 333 NA NA SCCS.v1432. Importance of Girl Preparing Soil: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=36; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 27 0 Girls do not do this task 9 2 Girls commonly do the task, but not their most important 335 NA NA SCCS.v1433. Importance of Girl Planting: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 27 0 Girls do not do this task 11 2 Girls commonly do the task, but not their most important 1 3 Girls rarely do, or usually done by boys 332 NA NA SCCS.v1434. Importance of Girl Tending Crops: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 27 0 Girls do not do this task 1 1 The most important task for girls 11 2 Girls commonly do the task, but not their most important 332 NA NA SCCS.v1435. Importance of Girl Harvesting: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=42; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 28 0 Girls do not do this task 1 1 The most important task for girls 13 2 Girls commonly do the task, but not their most important 329 NA NA SCCS.v1436. Importance of Girl Unspecified Agricultural Tasks: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=35; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 26 0 Girls do not do this task 1 1 The most important task for girls 8 2 Girls commonly do the task, but not their most important 336 NA NA SCCS.v1437. Importance of Girl Other Agricultural Chores: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=26; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 25 0 Girls do not do this task 1 2 Girls commonly do the task, but not their most important 345 NA NA SCCS.v1438. Adult Preference in Land Clearing: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=61; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 29 0 None (e.g.,Activity not present) 31 1 Common or important adult task 1 3 Usually adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent 310 NA NA SCCS.v1439. Adult Preference in Soil Preparation: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=60; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 29 0 None (e.g.,Activity not present) 30 1 Common or important adult task 1 3 Usually adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent 311 NA NA SCCS.v1440. Adult Preference in Planting: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=58; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 28 0 None (e.g.,Activity not present) 29 1 Common or important adult task 1 3 Usually adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent 313 NA NA SCCS.v1441. Adult Preference in Crop Tending: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=58; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 29 0 None (e.g.,Activity not present) 26 1 Common or important adult task 2 2 Not preferred by adults, considered childs task 1 3 Usually adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent 313 NA NA SCCS.v1442. Adult Preference in Harvesting: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=59; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 28 0 None (e.g.,Activity not present) 30 1 Common or important adult task 1 3 Usually adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent 312 NA NA SCCS.v1443. Adult Preference in Unspecified Agricultural Tasks: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 28 0 None (e.g.,Activity not present) 12 1 Common or important adult task 331 NA NA SCCS.v1444. Adult Preference in Other Agricultural Chores: Secondary Crop { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=30; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 28 0 None (e.g.,Activity not present) 2 1 Common or important adult task 341 NA NA SCCS.v1445. Secondary Crop Name Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=79; Number of unique values=23 Freq Value Description 28 0 No agriculture 3 1 Barley 7 2 Maize 4 3 Millet 3 4 Dry rice 1 7 Wheat 1 8 Buckwheat 2 11 Groundnut 4 12 Beans 3 14 Cassava 3 15 Potato 1 16 Sweet potato 6 18 Taro 3 19 Yams 2 21 Plantains 1 22 Dates 1 24 Other fruit trees 1 41 Cocoa 1 42 Cotton 1 44 Sugarcane 1 45 Cardamum 1 46 Tobacco 1 47 Rubber 292 NA NA SCCS.v1446. Other Secondary Crop Name Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=71; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 57 0 No agriculture 1 5 Wet rice 3 6 Sorghum 1 7 Wheat 1 13 Breadfruit 4 17 Squashes 1 18 Taro 1 19 Yams 1 21 Plantains 1 23 Mango 300 NA NA SCCS.v1447. Irrigation Used: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=68; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 53 0 None/Absent 15 1 Yes/Present 303 NA NA SCCS.v1448. Hand Plow Used: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=70; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 67 0 None/Absent 3 1 Yes/Present 301 NA NA SCCS.v1449. Animal Plow Used: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=69; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 58 0 None/Absent 11 1 Yes/Present 302 NA NA SCCS.v1450. Terraces and Mounds Used: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=61; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 47 0 None/Absent 14 1 Yes/Present 310 NA NA SCCS.v1451. Fences Used: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=61; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 48 0 None/Absent 13 1 Yes/Present 310 NA NA SCCS.v1452. Green Manure and Mulch Used: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=58; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 53 0 None/Absent 5 1 Yes/Present 313 NA NA SCCS.v1453. Animal Manure Used: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 48 0 None/Absent 9 1 Yes/Present 314 NA NA SCCS.v1454. Human Manure Used: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 55 0 None/Absent 2 1 Yes/Present 314 NA NA SCCS.v1456. Extent of Weeding: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 32 0 None/No weeding/crops not weeded 1 1 Crop weeded once 2 2 Crop weeded twice 4 3 Crop weeded three times 3 4 Weeding, but not extensively, no data on # times 8 5 Extensive weeding, no data on # times 7 6 Weeding, no data on extent or # times 314 NA NA SCCS.v1457. Crop Supervision: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=62; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 32 0 No agriculture 20 1 Crops supervised from homestead 10 2 Distant crops supervised, e.g. huts built in fields 309 NA NA SCCS.v1458. Planting Techniques: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=56; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 28 0 No agriculture 2 1 Seeds broadcast 12 2 Seeds planted by hand/manually 2 3 Seedlings transplanted 11 4 Cuttings planted 1 5 2 and 3 above 315 NA NA SCCS.v1459. Shortest Length of Fallow: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=49; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 28 0 No agriculture 12 1 0 years (permanent cultivation) 1 2 2 years 1 3 3 years 1 4 4 years 2 5 5 years 2 6 6 years 1 10 10 years 1 20 20 years 322 NA NA SCCS.v1460. Soil Treatments/Sands Used: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=60; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 56 0 None/Absent 4 1 Yes/Present 311 NA NA SCCS.v1461. Chemical Fertilizers Used: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=64; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 62 0 None/Absent 2 1 Yes/Present 307 NA NA SCCS.v1462. Stakes and Trellises Used: Secondary Crop Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 48 0 None/Absent 4 1 Yes/Present 319 NA NA SCCS.v1463. Adults Herd Small Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=44; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 27 0 Activity not present 7 1 Men Only 3 2 Men Predominant 5 5 Women Only 1 6 Not an Adult Task 1 10 Slaves Only 327 NA NA SCCS.v1464. Adults Care for Small Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=56; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 26 0 Activity not present 3 1 Men Only 3 2 Men Predominant 5 3 Men and Women Equal 6 4 Women Predominant 12 5 Women Only 1 6 Not an Adult Task 315 NA NA SCCS.v1465. Children Herd Small Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=47; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 27 0 Activity not present 7 1 Boys Only 5 2 Boys Predominant 2 3 Boys and Girls Equal 3 5 Girls Only 1 7 Child Task, no Data on Sex 2 8 Boys, No Data on Girls 324 NA NA SCCS.v1466. Children Care for Small Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=48; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 26 0 Activity not present 4 1 Boys Only 4 2 Boys Predominant 2 3 Boys and Girls Equal 3 4 Girls Predominant 5 5 Girls Only 2 7 Child Task, no Data on Sex 2 8 Boys, No Data on Girls 323 NA NA SCCS.v1467. Children under 6 Herd Small Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 35 0 Children this age do not do task 2 1 Boys this age 2 6 Boys this age, No Data on Girls 332 NA NA SCCS.v1468. Children 6 to 10 Herd Small Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 26 0 Children this age do not do task 7 1 Boys this age 1 2 Girls this age 4 3 Boys and Girls this age 3 6 Boys this age, No Data on Girls 330 NA NA SCCS.v1469. Children over 10 Herd Small Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 26 0 Children this age do not do task 6 1 Boys this age 2 2 Girls this age 4 3 Boys and Girls this age 3 6 Boys this age, No Data on Girls 330 NA NA SCCS.v1470. Children under 10 Care for Small Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 37 0 Children this age do not do task 1 1 Boys this age 1 2 Girls this age 2 6 Boys this age, No Data on Girls 330 NA NA SCCS.v1471. Children 6 to 10 Care for Small Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 27 0 Children this age do not do task 2 1 Boys this age 2 2 Girls this age 8 3 Boys and Girls this age 2 6 Boys this age, No Data on Girls 330 NA NA SCCS.v1472. Children over 10 Care for Small Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 26 0 Children this age do not do task 4 1 Boys this age 4 2 Girls this age 5 3 Boys and Girls this age 2 6 Boys this age, No Data on Girls 330 NA NA SCCS.v1473. Product Use of Small Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=48; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 25 0 None (e.g., activity not present) 16 2 Product consumer is household or community 5 4 Household and wage labor or product sold 2 5 1 and 2 above 323 NA NA SCCS.v1474. Children Herd Small Animals Alone { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=35; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 25 0 None (e.g., activity not present) 2 1 Yes, children do this 8 2 No, children do not do this 336 NA NA SCCS.v1475. Children Herd Small Animals with Children Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=35; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 25 0 None (e.g., activity not present) (codes not ordered) 9 1 Yes, children do this 1 2 No, children do not do this 336 NA NA SCCS.v1476. Children Herd Small Animals with Adults { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=36; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 25 0 None (e.g., activity not present) 8 1 Yes, children do this 3 2 No, children do not do this 335 NA NA SCCS.v1477. Children Care for Small Animals Alone { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=34; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 25 0 None (e.g., activity not present) 1 1 Yes, children do this 8 2 No, children do not do this 337 NA NA SCCS.v1478. Children Care for Small Animals with Children { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=34; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 25 0 None (e.g., activity not present) 5 1 Yes, children do this 4 2 No, children do not do this 337 NA NA SCCS.v1479. Children Care for Small Animals with Adults { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=35; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 25 0 None (e.g., activity not present) 9 1 Yes, children do this 1 2 No, children do not do this 336 NA NA SCCS.v1480. Importance of Boy Herding Small Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 26 0 Boys do not do this task 9 1 The most important task for boys 4 2 Boys commonly do the task, but not their most important 332 NA NA SCCS.v1481. Importance of Girl Herding Small Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=37; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 30 0 Girls do not do this task 6 2 Girls commonly do the task, but not their most important 1 3 Girls rarely do, or usually done by boys 334 NA NA SCCS.v1482. Importance of Boy Care for Small Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=36; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 28 0 Boys do not do this task 1 1 The most important task for boys 6 2 Boys commonly do the task, but not their most important 1 3 Boys rarely do, or usually done by girls 335 NA NA SCCS.v1483. Importance of Girl Care for Small Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=37; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 26 0 Girls do not do this task 11 2 Girls commonly do the task, but not their most important 334 NA NA SCCS.v1484. Adult Preference in Herding Small Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=43; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 25 0 None (e.g.,Activity not present) 12 1 Common or important adult task 6 2 Not preferred by adults, considered childs task 328 NA NA SCCS.v1485. Adult Preference in Caring for Small Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=47; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 25 0 None (e.g.,Activity not present) 19 1 Common or important adult task 3 2 Not preferred by adults, considered childs task 324 NA NA SCCS.v1486. Goats Present Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=78; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 51 0 Absent 27 2 Present, important 293 NA NA SCCS.v1487. Sheep Present Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=78; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 52 0 Absent 26 2 Present, important 293 NA NA SCCS.v1488. Pigs Present Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=78; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 50 0 Absent 2 1 Present, minor 26 2 Present, important 293 NA NA SCCS.v1489. Rabbits and Guinea Pigs Present Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=78; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 50 0 Absent 2 1 Present, minor 26 2 Present, important 293 NA NA SCCS.v1490. Sled and Pack Dogs Present Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=78; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 74 0 Absent 4 2 Present, important 293 NA NA SCCS.v1491. Adults Herd Large Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=58; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 29 0 Activity not present 16 1 Men Only 9 2 Men Predominant 1 3 Men and Women Equal 1 5 Women Only 1 6 Not an Adult Task 1 8 Men, No Data on Women 313 NA NA SCCS.v1492. Adults Care for Large Animals Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=60; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 28 0 Activity not present 7 1 Men Only 11 2 Men Predominant 6 3 Men and Women Equal 5 4 Women Predominant 1 5 Women Only 1 8 Men, No Data on Women 1 9 Women, No Data on Men 311 NA NA SCCS.v1493. Children Herd Large Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=61; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 28 0 Activity not present 17 1 Boys Only 11 2 Boys Predominant 1 3 Boys and Girls Equal 3 7 Child Task, no Data on Sex 1 8 Boys, No Data on Girls 310 NA NA SCCS.v1494. Children Care for Large Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=59; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 28 0 Activity not present 10 1 Boys Only 12 2 Boys Predominant 1 3 Boys and Girls Equal 2 4 Girls Predominant 1 5 Girls Only 3 7 Child Task, no Data on Sex 2 8 Boys, No Data on Girls 312 NA NA SCCS.v1495. Children under 6 Herd Large Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=54; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 52 0 Children this age do not do task 2 1 Boys this age 317 NA NA SCCS.v1496. Children 6 to 10 Herd Large Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=54; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 37 0 Children this age do not do task 8 1 Boys this age 6 3 Boys and Girls this age 3 6 Boys this age, No Data on Girls 317 NA NA SCCS.v1497. Children over 10 Herd Large Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=55; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 29 0 Children this age do not do task 17 1 Boys this age 6 3 Boys and Girls this age 3 6 Boys this age, No Data on Girls 316 NA NA SCCS.v1498. Children under 6 Care for Large Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 51 0 Children this age do not do task 1 1 Boys this age 1 2 Girls this age 318 NA NA SCCS.v1499. Children 6 to 10 Care for Large Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 34 0 Children this age do not do task 7 1 Boys this age 1 2 Girls this age 10 3 Boys and Girls this age 1 6 Boys this age, No Data on Girls 318 NA NA SCCS.v1500. Children over 10 Care for Large Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 28 0 Children this age do not do task 13 1 Boys this age 2 2 Girls this age 9 3 Boys and Girls this age 1 6 Boys this age, No Data on Girls 318 NA NA SCCS.v1501. Product Use of Large Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=56; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 28 0 None (e.g., activity not present) 19 2 Product consumer is household or community 7 4 Household and wage labor or product sold 2 5 1 and 2 above 315 NA NA SCCS.v1502. Children Herd Large Animals Alone { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=48; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 28 0 None (e.g., activity not present) 5 1 Yes, children do this 15 2 No, children do not do this 323 NA NA SCCS.v1503. Children Herd Large Animals with Children Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=48; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 28 0 None (e.g., activity not present) (codes not ordered) 17 1 Yes, children do this 3 2 No, children do not do this 323 NA NA SCCS.v1504. Children Herd Large Animals with Adults Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=48; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 28 0 None (e.g., activity not present) 16 1 Yes, children do this 4 2 No, children do not do this 323 NA NA SCCS.v1505. Children Care for Large Animals Alone { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=45; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 28 0 None (e.g., activity not present) 3 1 Yes, children do this 14 2 No, children do not do this 326 NA NA SCCS.v1506. Children Care for Large Animals with Children { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=45; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 28 0 None (e.g., activity not present) 14 1 Yes, children do this 3 2 No, children do not do this 326 NA NA SCCS.v1507. Children Care for Large Animals with Adults { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=45; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 28 0 None (e.g., activity not present) 15 1 Yes, children do this 2 2 No, children do not do this 326 NA NA SCCS.v1508. Importance of Boy Herding Large Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=50; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 28 0 Boys do not do this task 16 1 The most important task for boys 5 2 Boys commonly do the task, but not their most important 1 3 Boys rarely do, or usually done by girls 321 NA NA SCCS.v1509. Importance of Girl Herding Large Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=48; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 39 0 Girls do not do this task 1 1 The most important task for girls 5 2 Girls commonly do the task, but not their most important 3 3 Girls rarely do, or usually done by boys 323 NA NA SCCS.v1510. Importance of Boy Care for Large Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=42; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 29 0 Boys do not do this task 6 1 The most important task for boys 5 2 Boys commonly do the task, but not their most important 2 3 Boys rarely do, or usually done by girls 329 NA NA SCCS.v1511. Importance of Girl Care for Large Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=42; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 33 0 Girls do not do this task 2 1 The most important task for girls 5 2 Girls commonly do the task, but not their most important 2 3 Girls rarely do, or usually done by boys 329 NA NA SCCS.v1512. Adult Preference in Herding Large Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=54; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 28 0 None (e.g.,Activity not present) 19 1 Common or important adult task 7 2 Not preferred by adults, considered childs task 317 NA NA SCCS.v1513. Adult Preference in Caring for Large Animals { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 28 0 None (e.g.,Activity not present) 22 1 Common or important adult task 2 2 Not preferred by adults, considered childs task 319 NA NA SCCS.v1514. Cattle Present Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=77; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 42 0 Absent 3 1 Present, minor 32 2 Present, important 294 NA NA SCCS.v1515. Horses Present Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=76; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 52 0 Absent 2 1 Present, minor 22 2 Present, important 295 NA NA SCCS.v1516. Donkeys/Mules Present Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=77; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 61 0 Absent 16 2 Present, important 294 NA NA SCCS.v1517. Camels Present Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=77; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 72 0 Absent 5 2 Present, important 294 NA NA SCCS.v1518. Reindeer Present Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=77; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 75 0 Absent 2 2 Present, important 294 NA NA SCCS.v1519. Yaks Present Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=77; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 75 0 Absent 2 2 Present, important 294 NA NA SCCS.v1520. Buffalo Present Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=77; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 74 0 Absent 3 2 Present, important 294 NA NA SCCS.v1521. Llama Present Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=77; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 76 0 Absent 1 2 Present, important 294 NA NA SCCS.v1522. Adults Do Wage Labor { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 14 0 Activity not present 17 1 Men Only 10 2 Men Predominant 7 3 Men and Women Equal 1 4 Women Predominant 8 8 Men, No Data on Women 314 NA NA SCCS.v1523. Children Do Wage Labor { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=38; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 14 0 Activity not present 10 1 Boys Only 5 2 Boys Predominant 1 3 Boys and Girls Equal 8 6 Not a Childs Task 333 NA NA SCCS.v1526. Children over 10 Do Wage Labor { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=24; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 14 0 Children this age do not do task 6 1 Boys this age 2 3 Boys and Girls this age 1 4 Not a Childs Task 1 6 Boys this age, No Data on Girls 347 NA NA SCCS.v1527. Who Controls the Earnings of Wage Labor? { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=25; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 14 0 None 7 1 Child 2 2 Parents 2 4 Child and Parents 346 NA NA SCCS.v1531. Importance of Boy Doing Wage Labor { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=21; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 14 0 Boys do not do this task 1 1 The most important task for boys 4 2 Boys commonly do the task, but not their most important 2 3 Boys rarely do, or usually done by girls 350 NA NA SCCS.v1533. Adult Preference Wage Labor { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=35; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 14 0 None (e.g.,Activity not present) 18 1 Common or important adult task 2 2 Not preferred by adults, considered childs task 1 3 Usually adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent 336 NA NA SCCS.v1534. Adults Trade { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=48; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 2 0 Activity not present 8 1 Men Only 5 2 Men Predominant 22 3 Men and Women Equal 5 4 Women Predominant 2 5 Women Only 4 9 Women, No Data on Men 323 NA NA SCCS.v1535. Children Trade { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=30; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 2 0 Activity not present 4 1 Boys Only 1 2 Boys Predominant 3 3 Boys and Girls Equal 4 5 Girls Only 14 6 Not a Childs Task 2 7 Child Task, no Data on Sex 341 NA NA SCCS.v1545. Adult Preference in Trade { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=35; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 2 0 None (e.g.,Activity not present) 33 1 Common or important adult task 336 NA NA SCCS.v1546. Adults Gather { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 11 0 Activity not present 4 3 Men and Women Equal 9 4 Women Predominant 26 5 Women Only 1 7 Adult Task, No Data on Sex 1 8 Men, No Data on Women 1 9 Women, No Data on Men 318 NA NA SCCS.v1547. Children Gather { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=35; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 11 0 Activity not present 1 1 Boys Only 1 2 Boys Predominant 4 3 Boys and Girls Equal 5 4 Girls Predominant 9 5 Girls Only 3 7 Child Task, no Data on Sex 1 9 Girls, No Data on Boys 336 NA NA SCCS.v1549. Children 6 to 10 Gather { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=24; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 11 0 Children this age do not do task 1 1 Boys this age 4 2 Girls this age 5 3 Boys and Girls this age 1 6 Boys this age, No Data on Girls 2 7 Girls this age, No Data on Boys 347 NA NA SCCS.v1550. Children over 10 Gather { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=27; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 11 0 Children this age do not do task 2 1 Boys this age 7 2 Girls this age 4 3 Boys and Girls this age 1 4 Not a Childs Task 2 7 Girls this age, No Data on Boys 344 NA NA SCCS.v1551. Who Controls the Products of Gathering? { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=30; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 11 0 None (e.g., activity not present) 12 2 Product consumer is household or community 7 5 1 and 2 above 341 NA NA SCCS.v1552. Children Gather Alone { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=28; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 11 0 Activity not present 17 2 No, Children do not do this 343 NA NA SCCS.v1553. Children Gather with Children { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=28; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 11 0 Activity not present 5 1 Yes, Children do this 12 2 No, Children do not do this 343 NA NA SCCS.v1554. Children Gather with Adults { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=28; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 11 0 Activity not present 15 1 Yes, Children do this 2 2 No, Children do not do this 343 NA NA SCCS.v1555. Importance of Boy Gathering { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=22; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 11 0 Boys do not do this task 7 2 Boys commonly do the task, but not their most important 4 3 Boys rarely do, or usually done by girls 349 NA NA SCCS.v1556. Importance of Girl Gathering { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=26; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 11 0 Girls do not do this task 14 2 Girls commonly do the task, but not their most important 1 3 Girls rarely do, or usually done by boys 345 NA NA SCCS.v1557. Adult Preference Gathering { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=47; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 11 0 None (e.g.,Activity not present) 36 1 Common or important adult task 324 NA NA SCCS.v1592. Adults Cook { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=76; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 1 2 Men Predominant 1 3 Men and Women Equal 25 4 Women Predominant 44 5 Women Only 5 9 Women, No Data on Men 295 NA NA SCCS.v1593. Children Cook { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=50; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 1 2 Boys Predominant 2 3 Boys and Girls Equal 12 4 Girls Predominant 31 5 Girls Only 2 6 Not a Childs Task 1 7 Child Task, no Data on Sex 1 9 Girls, No Data on Boys 321 NA NA SCCS.v1595. Children 6 to 10 Cook { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=27; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 17 2 Girls this age 7 3 Boys and Girls this age 2 4 Not a Childs Task 1 7 Girls this age, No Data on Boys 344 NA NA SCCS.v1596. Children over 10 Cook { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=33; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 1 1 Boys this age 21 2 Girls this age 8 3 Boys and Girls this age 2 4 Not a Childs Task 1 7 Girls this age, No Data on Boys 338 NA NA SCCS.v1597. Who Controls the Products of Cooking? { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 1 3 Wage labor/Product sold 37 5 1 and 2 above 1 6 All 332 NA NA SCCS.v1598. Children Cook Alone { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=24; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 2 1 Yes, Children do this 22 2 No, Children do not do this 347 NA NA SCCS.v1599. Children Cook with Children { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=24; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 5 1 Yes, Children do this 19 2 No, Children do not do this 347 NA NA SCCS.v1602. Importance of Girl Cooking { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=38; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 1 1 The most important task for Girls 37 2 Girls commonly do the task, but not their most important 333 NA NA SCCS.v1603. Adult Preference Cooking { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=67; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 66 1 Common or important adult task 1 2 Not preferred by adults, considered childs task 304 NA NA SCCS.v1604. Adults Tend Fires { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=30; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 4 3 Men and Women Equal 6 4 Women Predominant 15 5 Women Only 2 8 Men, No Data on Women 3 9 Women, No Data on Men 341 NA NA SCCS.v1615. Adults Gather Fuel { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=51; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 5 2 Men Predominant 2 3 Men and Women Equal 13 4 Women Predominant 27 5 Women Only 1 8 Men, No Data on Women 3 9 Women, No Data on Men 320 NA NA SCCS.v1616. Children Gather Fuel { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=48; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 2 1 Boys Only 4 2 Boys Predominant 5 3 Boys and Girls Equal 6 4 Girls Predominant 21 5 Girls Only 7 7 Child Task, no Data on Sex 1 8 Boys, No Data on Girls 2 9 Girls, No Data on Boys 323 NA NA SCCS.v1618. Children 6 to 10 Gather Fuel { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=22; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 9 2 Girls this age 8 3 Boys and Girls this age 1 5 Child Task, no Data on Sex 1 6 Boys this age, No Data on Girls 3 7 Girls this age, No Data on Boys 349 NA NA SCCS.v1619. Children over 10 Gather Fuel { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=22; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 1 1 Boys this age 10 2 Girls this age 7 3 Boys and Girls this age 1 6 Boys this age, No Data on Girls 3 7 Girls this age, No Data on Boys 349 NA NA SCCS.v1624. Importance of Girl Gathering Fuel { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=28; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 1 1 The most important task for Girls 26 2 Girls commonly do the task, but not their most important 1 3 Girls rarely do, or usually done by boys 343 NA NA SCCS.v1625. Adult Preference Fuel Gathering { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 36 1 Common or important adult task 3 2 Not preferred by adults, considered childs task 2 3 Usually adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent 330 NA NA SCCS.v1626. Adults Carry Burdens { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=51; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 1 0 Activity not present 2 1 Men Only 5 2 Men Predominant 9 3 Men and Women Equal 15 4 Women Predominant 7 5 Women Only 2 8 Men, No Data on Women 10 9 Women, No Data on Men 320 NA NA SCCS.v1627. Children Carry Burdens { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=25; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 1 0 Activity not present 1 1 Boys Only 1 2 Boys Predominant 6 3 Boys and Girls Equal 3 4 Girls Predominant 5 5 Girls Only 1 6 Not a Childs Task 4 7 Child Task, no Data on Sex 1 8 Boys, No Data on Girls 2 9 Girls, No Data on Boys 346 NA NA SCCS.v1636. Adult Preference in Carrying Burdens { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=28; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 1 0 None (e.g.,Activity not present) 26 1 Common or important adult task 1 2 Not preferred by adults, considered childs task 343 NA NA SCCS.v1637. Adults Carry Water { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=51; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 2 0 Activity not present 1 2 Men Predominant 2 3 Men and Women Equal 5 4 Women Predominant 39 5 Women Only 2 9 Women, No Data on Men 320 NA NA SCCS.v1638. Children Carry Water { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=49; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 2 0 Activity not present 1 1 Boys Only 3 3 Boys and Girls Equal 10 4 Girls Predominant 26 5 Girls Only 5 7 Child Task, no Data on Sex 1 8 Boys, No Data on Girls 1 9 Girls, No Data on Boys 322 NA NA SCCS.v1640. Children 6 to 10 Carry Water { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=30; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 2 0 Children this age do not do task 16 2 Girls this age 9 3 Boys and Girls this age 1 6 Boys this age, No Data on Girls 2 7 Girls this age, No Data on Boys 341 NA NA SCCS.v1641. Children over 10 Carry Water Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=32; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 2 0 Children this age do not do task 1 1 Boys this age 20 2 Girls this age 6 3 Boys and Girls this age 1 6 Boys this age, No Data on Girls 2 7 Girls this age, No Data on Boys 339 NA NA SCCS.v1646. Importance of Girl Carrying Water { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=31; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 2 0 Girls do not do this task 2 1 The most important task for Girls 27 2 Girls commonly do the task, but not their most important 340 NA NA SCCS.v1647. Adult Preference in Carrying Water { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=38; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 2 0 None (e.g.,Activity not present) 31 1 Common or important adult task 4 2 Not preferred by adults, considered childs task 1 3 Usually adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent 333 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Ember, Carol R. and Melvin Ember. 1992. Codebook for "Warfare, Aggression, and Resource Problems: Cross-Cultural Codes". Behavior Science Research; Vol 26: ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v1648. Overall Frequency of Warfare (Resolved Rating) { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique values=18 Freq Value Description 39 1 Warfare seems to be absent or rare (original code 1) 2 2 original code 1.25 5 3 original code 1.5 1 4 original code 1.625 2 5 original code 1.75 9 6 Warfare seems to occur once every 3 to 10 years (original code 2) 3 7 original code 2.25 6 8 original code 2.5 4 9 original code 2.75 4 10 Warfare seems to occur at least once every 2 years (original code 3) 4 11 original code 3.25 9 12 original code 3.5 5 13 original code 3.75 5 14 Warfare seems to occur every year, but usually only during a particular season (original code 4) 1 15 original code 4.25 12 16 original code 4.5 5 17 original code 4.75 44 18 Warfare seems to occur almost constantly and at any time of the year (original code 5) 211 NA NA SCCS.v1649. Frequency of Internal Warfare (Resolved Rating) { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=152; Number of unique values=17 Freq Value Description 60 1 Internal warfare seems to be absent or rare (original code 1) 4 2 original code 1.25 5 3 original code 1.5 4 4 original code 1.75 7 5 Internal warfare seems to occur once every 3 to 10 years (original code 2) 3 6 original code 2.25 5 7 original code 2.5 2 8 original code 2.75 4 9 Internal warfare seems to occur once every 2 years (original code 3) 3 10 original code 3.25 6 11 original code 3.5 2 12 original code 3.75 8 13 Internal warfare seems to occur every year, but usually only during a particular season (original code 4) 1 14 original code 4.25 10 15 original code 4.5 1 16 original code 4.75 27 17 Internal warfare seems to occur almost constantly and at any time of the year (original code 5) 219 NA NA SCCS.v1650. Frequency of External Warfare (Resolved Rating) { The original code contained values 1 through 5 and was used in a number of published studies (Ember and Ember 1992b; Ember et al. 1992; Ember and Ember 1994). The code was subsequently revised to values between 1 and 17 by Carol Ember, Melvin Ember, and J. Patrick Gray (Carol Ember, personal communication to Anthon Eff). } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=154; Number of unique values=17 Freq Value Description 52 1 External warfare seems to be absent or rare (original code 1) 2 2 original code 1.25 8 3 original code 1.5 1 4 original code 1.75 10 5 External warfare seems to occur once every 3 to 10 years (original code 2) 3 6 original code 2.25 7 7 original code 2.5 2 8 original code 2.75 6 9 External warfare seems to occur at least once every two years (original code 3) 3 10 original code 3.25 3 11 original code 3.5 3 12 original code 3.75 5 13 External warfare seems to occur every year, but usually only during a particular season (original code 4) 1 14 original code 4.25 7 15 original code 4.5 4 16 original code 4.75 37 17 External warfare seems to occur almost constantly and at any time of the year (original code 5) 217 NA NA SCCS.v1654. Pacification Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=154; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 73 1 Not pacified for all or part of the twenty-five-year time period (as reported by ethnographer) 41 2 Inferred to be unpacified because warfare frequency is greater than or equal to 3 9 3 Not completely pacified: some indication that warfare has decreased because of pacification attempts 28 4 Pacified before the twenty-five-year ethnographic present 3 6 The culture is part of a state society; since the culture is not independent, pacification cannot be judged 217 NA NA SCCS.v1655. Outcomes regarding Land in Internal Warfare { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=70; Number of unique values=12 Freq Value Description 27 1 The defeated are never driven from their territory (original code 1) 1 2 original code 1.25 2 3 original code 1.5 4 4 The defeated are sometimes driven from their territory, and the victorious rarely use the land of the defeated (original code 2) 3 5 original code 2.5 16 6 The defeated are sometimes driven from their territory, and the victorious sometimes use the land of the defeated (original code 3) 1 7 original code 3.75 2 8 The defeated are usually driven from their territory, and the victorious sometimes use the land of the defeated (original code 4) 1 9 original code 4.5 1 10 original code 4.75 10 11 The defeated are usually driven from their territory, and the victorious usually use the land of the defeated (original code 5) 2 12 Land is taken, but apparently not used (original code 7) 301 NA NA SCCS.v1656. Outcomes regarding Land in External Warfare { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=71; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 21 1 The defeated are never driven from their territory (original code 1) 2 2 original code 1.5 6 3 The defeated are sometimes driven from their territory, and the victorious rarely use the land of the defeated (original code 2) 3 4 original code 2.5 10 5 The defeated are sometimes driven from their territory, and the victorious sometimes use the land of the defeated (original code 3) 1 6 original code 3.25 2 7 original code 3.5 4 8 The defeated are usually driven from their territory, and the victorious sometimes use the land of the defeated (original code 4) 5 9 original code 4.5 17 10 The defeated are usually driven from their territory, and the victorious usually use the land of the defeated (original code 5) 300 NA NA SCCS.v1657. Outcomes regarding Land in War Overall - Combined Scale Scores from Vars 1655 and 1656 { If both internal and external warfare were present, and if the coders made a resolved rating for both types of outcomes, we used the higher scale score of Vars 1655 or 1656 for the rating of Var 1657. If there was only one resolved rating (between 1 and 5 on the original scale) and the other rating was 8 ( don't know ), we used the former, but only if that score was in the high categories (3-5); if the former scale was in the low categories (1-2), the case was listed as uncodable in Var 1657. If there was only 1 resolved rating between 1 and 5, and if the other rating was 9 ( not applicable ), we used the former for Var 1657. If the case could not be coded for the above rules, or if the scores for internal and external warfare were 8 or 9, the case was scored as 0. (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=80; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 22 1 Original score 1 2 2 Original score 1.5 5 3 Original score 2 2 4 Original score 2.5 17 5 Original score 3 1 6 Original score 3.25 5 7 Original score 4 5 8 Original score 4.5 21 9 Original score 5 291 NA NA SCCS.v1658. Outcomes regarding Nonland Resources in Internal Warfare { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=75; Number of unique values=12 Freq Value Description 7 1 Nonland resources are never taken from the defeated (original code 1) 1 2 original code 1.25 1 3 original code 1.75 4 4 Nonland resources are sometimes taken from the defeated (original code 2) 2 5 original code 2.25 4 6 original code 2.5 1 7 original code 2.75 3 8 Nonland resources are usually taken from the defeated (original code 3) 1 9 original code 3.25 12 10 original code 3.5 1 11 original code 3.75 38 12 Nonland resources are always taken from the defeated (original code 4) 296 NA NA SCCS.v1659. Outcomes regarding Nonland Resources in External Warfare { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=83; Number of unique values=11 Freq Value Description 2 1 Nonland resources are never taken from the defeated (original code 1) 1 2 original code 1.5 1 3 original code 1.75 1 4 Nonland resources are sometimes taken from the defeated (original code 2) 2 5 original code 2.25 4 6 original code 2.5 1 7 original code 2.75 4 8 Nonland resources are usually taken from the defeated (original code 3) 13 9 original code 3.5 5 10 original code 3.75 49 11 Nonland resources are always taken from the defeated (original code 4) 288 NA NA SCCS.v1660. Outcomes regarding Nonland Resources in War Overall { Combined Scale Scores from Vars 1658 and 1659 According to the Rules following This Section: If both internal and external warfare were present, and if the coders made a resolved rating for both types of outcomes, we used the higher scale score of Var 1658 or 1659 for the rating of Var 1660. If there was only one resolved rating (between 1 and 5 on the original scale) and the other rating was 8 ( don't know ), we used the former, but only if that score was in the high categories (3-4); if the former scale was in the low categories (1-2), the case was listed as uncodable in Var 1660. If there was only 1 resolved rating between 1 and 5, and if the other rating was 9 ( not applicable ), we used the former for Var 1660. If the case could not be coded for the above rules, or if the original scores for internal and external warfare were 8 or 9, the case was scored as 0. (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=97; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 3 1 Original score 1 2 2 Original score 1.75 1 3 Original score 2 2 4 Original score 2.25 3 5 Original score 2.5 2 6 Original score 2.75 3 7 Original score 3 16 8 Original score 3.5 4 9 Original score 3.75 61 10 Original score 4 274 NA NA SCCS.v1665. Individual Aggression - Homicide { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=121; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 45 1 Low (original code 1) 8 2 original code 1.25 10 3 original code 1.5 2 4 original code 1.75 25 5 Moderate (original code 2) 6 6 original code 2.25 7 7 original code 2.5 5 8 original code 2.75 13 9 High (original code 3) 250 NA NA SCCS.v1666. Individual Aggression - Assault { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=113; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 29 1 Low (original code 1) 7 2 original code 1.25 13 3 original code 1.5 2 4 original code 1.75 20 5 Moderate (original code 2) 4 6 original code 2.25 7 7 original code 2.5 6 8 original code 2.75 25 9 High (original code 3) 258 NA NA SCCS.v1667. Individual Aggression - Theft { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=112; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 37 1 Low (original code 1) 4 2 original code 1.25 14 3 original code 1.5 2 4 original code 1.75 21 5 Moderate (original code 2) 1 6 original code 2.25 8 7 original code 2.5 2 8 original code 2.75 23 9 High (original code 3) 259 NA NA SCCS.v1668. Individual Aggression - Trespass { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=54; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 21 1 Low (original code 1) 1 2 original code 1.25 9 3 original code 1.5 1 4 original code 1.75 10 5 Moderate (original code 2) 2 7 original code 2.5 1 8 original code 2.75 9 9 High (original code 3) 317 NA NA SCCS.v1669. Individual Aggression - Suicide (Resolved Ratings) { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=87; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 46 1 Low (original code 1) 1 2 original code 1.25 5 3 original code 1.5 3 4 original code 1.75 19 5 Moderate (original code 2) 7 7 original code 2.5 6 9 High (original code 3) 284 NA NA SCCS.v1675. Socially Organized Homicide { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=67; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 23 1 Low (original code 1) 4 2 original code 1.25 5 3 original code 1.5 2 4 original code 1.75 8 5 Moderate (original code 2) 5 6 original code 2.25 6 7 original code 2.5 5 8 original code 2.75 9 9 High (original code 3) 304 NA NA SCCS.v1676. Socially Organized Assault { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=46; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 13 1 Low (original code 1) 3 2 original code 1.5 5 3 Moderate (original code 2) 2 4 original code 2.25 9 5 original code 2.5 3 6 original code 2.75 11 7 High (original code 3) 325 NA NA SCCS.v1677. Socially Organized Theft { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=38; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 22 1 Low (original code 1) 1 2 original code 1.75 2 3 Moderate (original code 2) 1 4 original code 2.25 3 5 original code 2.5 1 6 original code 2.75 8 7 High (original code 3) 333 NA NA SCCS.v1683. Threat of Famine (Resolved Rating) { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=119; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 47 1 Low threat of famine in the 25-year time period - food is reported to be ample or adequate, with no report of famine; or famine occurred only in the past; or occasional periods of food shortage are reported, but the scare foods are reported to be replaced by other available foods; or there may be chronic hunger in the absence of the conditions immediately below (original scores 2-4) (original code 1) 1 2 original code 1.5 39 3 Moderate threat of famine - there is no reported famine during the 25-year time period, but the ethnographer states that there is an ever present threat of famine (original code 2) 21 4 Moderately high threat of famine - one famine occurred during the 25-year time period (original code 3) 2 5 original code 3.5 9 6 High - more than one famine occurred during the 25-year time period (original code 4) 252 NA NA SCCS.v1684. Threat of Weather or Pest Disasters { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=114; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 29 1 Low threat of severe natural disrupters of the food supply 33 2 Moderate threat of severe natural disrupters of food supply 20 3 Moderately high threat of severe natural disrupters of food supply 32 4 High 257 NA NA SCCS.v1685. Chronic Resource Problems (Resolved Ratings) { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=144; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 73 1 Low or rare (original code 1) 6 2 original code 1.5 44 3 There are some hungry times during the year when people complain that they do not have enough food or enough of a particular food (original code 2) 14 4 Some members of the population usually do not have enough to eat (original code 3) 7 5 Most members of the population usually do not have enough to eat - i.e., they are chronically undernourished (original code 4) 227 NA NA SCCS.v1689. Sex Ratio (Males/Females 1000) : First Two Digits R: Values from 65.6 to 185.6 Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=60; Number of unique values=50 Stat Value nobs 60 mean 102.982 min 65.6 max 184.6 sd 20.587 ============================================================ SOURCE: Lisa R. Ludvico. "Scarification, Pathogen Load and Biome: Cross-Cultural Codes" Unpublished codes discussed in "Symbolic or Not-So-Symbolic Wounds: The Behavioral Ecology of Human Scarification." by L. R. Ludvico and J. A. Kurland in Ethology and Sociobiology 16:155-172, 1995. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v1692. Scarification 1: Males Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=145; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 7 0 no scarification 50 1 ear, nose piercing 83 2 tattooing and cicatrization 5 3 scarification includes removal of skin 226 NA NA SCCS.v1693. Scarification 1: Females Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=137; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 7 0 no scarification 57 1 ear, nose piercing 72 2 tattooing and cicatrization 1 3 scarification includes removal of skin 234 NA NA SCCS.v1694. General Scarification: Males Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=173; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 82 1 no scarification 11 2 ear, nose piercing 77 3 tattooing and cicatrization 3 4 scarification includes removal of skin 198 NA NA SCCS.v1695. General Scarification: Females Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 73 1 no scarification 13 2 ear, nose piercing 81 3 tattooing and cicatrization 4 4 scarification includes removal of skin 200 NA NA SCCS.v1696. Biome Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 20 1 tundra, taiga, boreal forest 19 2 temperate deciduous, scrub, or temperate rain forest 55 3 tropical or temperate grassland 69 4 tropical rain forest 23 5 desert 185 NA NA SCCS.v1697. Pathogen: Wound Opportunistic Typhus Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=153; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 98 1 absent or not recorded 7 2 present, no indication of severity 48 3 present and serious, widespread or endemic 218 NA NA SCCS.v1699. Pathogen: Wound Opportunistic Pinta Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=157; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 147 1 absent or not recorded 3 2 present, no indication of severity 7 3 present and serious, widespread or endemic 214 NA NA SCCS.v1700. Pathogen: Wound Opportunistic Yaws Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=157; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 99 1 absent or not recorded 24 2 present, no indication of severity 34 3 present and serious, widespread or endemic 214 NA NA SCCS.v1701. Pathogen: Wound Opportunistic Leprosy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=157; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 71 1 absent or not recorded 54 2 present, no indication of severity 32 3 present and serious, widespread or endemic 214 NA NA SCCS.v1702. Pathogen: Wound Opportunistic Leishmania Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=157; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 121 1 absent or not recorded 2 2 present, no indication of severity 34 3 present and serious, widespread or endemic 214 NA NA SCCS.v1703. Pathogen: Wound Opportunistic Spirochetes Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=156; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 109 1 absent or not recorded 21 2 present, no indication of severity 26 3 present and serious, widespread or endemic 215 NA NA SCCS.v1704. Pathogen: Tick Vector Typus Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=154; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 103 1 absent or not recorded 4 2 present, no indication of severity 47 3 present and serious, widespread or endemic 217 NA NA SCCS.v1705. Pathogen: Tick Vector Spirochetes Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=157; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 117 1 absent or not recorded 2 2 present, no indication of severity 38 3 present and serious, widespread or endemic 214 NA NA SCCS.v1706. Pathogen: Trypanosomas (from Ludvico Data) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=157; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 130 1 absent or not recorded 3 2 present, no indication of severity 24 3 present and serious, widespread or endemic 214 NA NA SCCS.v1707. Pathogen: Malaria (from Ludvico Data) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=157; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 44 1 absent or not recorded 2 2 present, no indication of severity 111 3 present and serious, widespread or endemic 214 NA NA SCCS.v1708. Pathogen: Schistosomes (from Ludvico Data) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=157; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 108 1 absent or not recorded 9 2 present, no indication of severity 40 3 present and serious, widespread or endemic 214 NA NA SCCS.v1709. Pathogen: Filariae (from Ludvico Data) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=156; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 78 1 absent or not recorded 1 2 present, no indication of severity 77 3 present and serious, widespread or endemic 215 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: William Divale, Noelle Abrams, Jennifer Barzola, Estelle Harris, and Fred- Michael Henry. 1998. Sleeping Arrangements of Children and Adolescents: SCCS Sample Codes. World Cultures 9(2):3-12. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v1710. Person (S) Infants and Children Sleep With Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 28 1 mother alone 29 3 mother and father 6 4 grandparents 4 5 other siblings 26 7 entire family 12 8 alone 266 NA NA SCCS.v1711. Where Adolescents Sleep Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=96; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 56 1 entire family together 11 2 separate room in parents house 5 3 outside of parents house, but near, e.g., porch 22 4 separate dwelling 2 5 other relatives 275 NA NA SCCS.v1712. Sex Segregation in Sleeping Areas of Children Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=88; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 63 1 boys & girls in same room or bed 23 2 boys & girls in separate rooms or separate beds 2 3 boys & girls in separate houses 283 NA NA SCCS.v1713. Sex Segregation in Sleeping Areas of Adolescents and Teens Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=91; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 33 1 boys & girls in same room or bed 31 2 boys & girls in separate rooms or separate beds 27 3 boys & girls in separate houses 280 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Lang, Hartmut. 1998. CONAN: An Electronic Code-Text Data-Base for Cross- Cultural Studies. World Cultures 9(2):13-56. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v1716. Primary Source of Subsistence Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=101; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 26 1 intensive agriculture 37 2 extensive agriculture 9 3 animal husbandry 11 4 fishing 9 5 hunting 8 6 gathering 1 8 wage labor 270 NA NA SCCS.v1717. Secondary Source of Subsistence Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=100; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 9 2 extensive agriculture 22 3 animal husbandry 19 4 fishing 25 5 hunting 10 6 gathering 13 7 trade 2 8 wage labor 271 NA NA SCCS.v1718. Sharing of Food Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=89; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 7 1 sharing of food among nuclear family 14 2 sharing of food among kin residing in local community 9 3 sharing of food among kin, not restricted to local community 4 4 sharing of food among non-kin within local community 21 5 sharing of food among all members of local community 24 6 sharing of food among groups within unit of maximal political authority or ethnic group 10 7 sharing of food among other than mentioned groups 282 NA NA SCCS.v1719. Periodical Variation of Food Scarcity Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=91; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 26 1 food supply constant, no scarcity (original code 10) 20 2 periodical food scarcity (original code 20) 10 3 aperiodical food scarcity (e.g. as caused by natural disasters), no further information on frequency of occurrence (original code 30) 7 4 seldom (occurrence uncommon) (original code 31) 6 5 often (occurrence common) (original code 32) 2 6 periodical as well as aperiodical food scarcity (original code 40) 1 7 chronic food scarcity (original code 50) 19 8 food scarcity occurs, no further information on frequency (original code 60) 280 NA NA SCCS.v1720. Causes of Land Shortage Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=82; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 54 1 no land shortage 19 2 population pressure (caused by humans or animals) 8 3 territorial invasions 1 4 more than one of the above 289 NA NA SCCS.v1721. Number of Rich People (Wealthy) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=98; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 27 1 absence of rich (original code 10) 41 2 presence of rich, no information on numbers (original code 20) 27 3 few rich (original code 21) 3 4 many rich (original code 22) 273 NA NA SCCS.v1722. Sources of Wealth Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=95; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 27 0 absence of rich, variable 1717 coded 1 (original code 88) 5 1 presence of rich, no information on sources of wealth (original code 10) 4 2 acquired wealth of land (through buying or skill) (original code 11) 8 3 inheritance of land (original code 12) 6 4 acquired wealth of cattle (through buying or skill) (original code 13) 1 5 inheritance of cattle (original code 14) 7 6 acquired wealth (means of production other than cattle or land) (original code 15) 1 7 inherited wealth (means of production other than cattle or land) (original code 16) 36 8 more than one of the above (original code 177) 276 NA NA SCCS.v1723. Number of Poor Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=88; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 32 1 absence of poor (original code 10) 41 2 presence of poor, no information on percentage (original code 20) 8 3 few poor (original code 21) 7 4 many poor (original code 22) 283 NA NA SCCS.v1724. Number of Dispossessed Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=88; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 57 1 no dispossessed (original code 10) 15 2 presence of dispossessed, no information on percentage (original code 20) 12 3 few dispossessed (original code 21) 4 4 many dispossessed (original code 22) 283 NA NA SCCS.v1725. Possibility for Peaceful Territorial Expansion Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=85; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 42 0 no need for expansion: variable 1716 coded as 1 (original code 88) 18 1 peaceful territorial expansion impossible (original code 10) 17 2 peaceful territorial expansion possible, no information on quality of land (original code 20) 7 3 access to land of good quality (original code 21) 1 4 access to land of restricted quality (original code 22) 286 NA NA SCCS.v1726. Communality of Land Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=98; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 22 1 land predominantly private property 24 2 land partially communally used 52 3 communal land use rights only 273 NA NA SCCS.v1727. Resource Acquisition as Motive for Violent Conflict Management Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=90; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 7 0 absence of violent conflict management (original code 88) 31 1 resource acquisition no motive 52 2 resource acquisition motive for violent conflict management 281 NA NA SCCS.v1728. Rich, Poor, or Dispossessed as One Party in Violent Conflicts Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=58; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 26 0 equal distribution of resources (original code 88) 27 1 rare or never 3 2 occasional 1 3 often 1 4 permanent 313 NA NA SCCS.v1729. Presence of an Overarching Political Unit { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=101; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 13 1 local community autonomous (original code 10) 2 2 local community is part of a precolonial state (original code 20) 6 3 ethnic group to which the local community belongs is politically dominant in the precolonial state (original code 21) 4 4 ethnic group to which the local community belongs occupies a politically subordinate position in the precolonial state (original code 22) 33 5 local community is part of a colonial state (original code 30) 3 6 local community is part of a postcolonial state (original code 40) 7 7 ethnic group to which the local community belongs is politically dominant in the postcolonial state (original code 41) 33 8 ethnic group to which the local community belongs occupies a politically subordinate position in the postcolonial state (original code 42) 270 NA NA SCCS.v1730. Administrative Integration of Local Community within Overarching Political Unit { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=96; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 14 0 local community not part of an overarching political unit (variable 1725 coded as 1) (original code 88) 28 1 overarching political unit claims administrative hierarchy without actual execution (original code 10) 18 2 administration representative absent or only sporadically present, administrative functions are executed from outside (original code 20) 3 3 administration representative present (e.g. military, civilian administrators, school personnel) (original code 30) 24 4 same as above 4, administration representative member of the same ethnic group as local community (original code 31) 9 5 same as above 4, administration representative of different ethnic affiliation than local community (original code 32) 275 NA NA SCCS.v1731. Power Participation of Local Elite within Overarching Political Unit { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=91; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 46 0 local community not part of an overarching political unit (variable 1725 coded as 1); ethnic group occupies a dominant position within overarching political unit (variable 1725 coded as 3 or 7); overarching political unit does not execute administrative functions (variable 1726 coded as 2) (original code 88) 8 1 no elite present in ethnic group of which the local community is a part 17 2 local elite does not participate in decisions of overarching political unit 20 3 local elite occupies leading positions within overarching political unit, at the local or regional level 280 NA NA SCCS.v1732. Presence of Wage Labor Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=89; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 36 1 no wage labor 22 2 wage labor present, migratory labor unimportant 31 3 wage labor, mainly in the form of migratory labor 282 NA NA SCCS.v1733. Market Exchange within Local Community Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=96; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 23 1 no market exchange (original code 10) 10 2 market exchange within local community present, no further information (original code 20) 27 3 market exchange within local community present, involving local and regional products (original code 21) 36 4 market exchange within local community present, involving local, regional, and supra-regional products (original code 22) 275 NA NA SCCS.v1734. Market Exchange outside of Local Community Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=99; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 10 1 no market exchange outside of local community (original code 10) 5 2 market exchange outside of local community (at trading posts, market places), no further information (original code 20) 26 3 market exchange outside of local community, involving local and regional products (original code 21) 58 4 market exchange outside of local community, involving local, regional, and supra-regional products (original code 22) 272 NA NA SCCS.v1735. Relationship between Production for Subsistence and Production for Market Exchange Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 68 1 production for consumption more important 25 2 production for consumption and production for market exchange of equal importance 278 NA NA SCCS.v1736. Tribute, Taxation, Expropriation Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=78; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 27 1 no tribute, taxation, or expropriation (original code 10) 3 2 payment of tribute, taxation, or expropriation occur (original code 20) 3 3 corvee labor (original code 21) 15 4 money (original code 22) 6 5 mobile goods (original code 23) 24 6 more than one of the above (original code 24) 293 NA NA SCCS.v1737. Extent of Burden Caused by Tribute Payments or Taxation Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=75; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 27 0 no tribute or taxation (original code 88) 4 1 sporadic taxation or request for tribute (original code 10) 3 2 the exactions are reported not to be burdensome (original code 20) 2 3 the exactions are reported to be burdensome (original code 21) 19 4 regular taxation or request for tribute (original code 30) 7 5 the exactions are reported not to be burdensome (original code 31) 13 6 the exactions are reported to be burdensome (original code 32) 296 NA NA SCCS.v1738. Presence of Formal Education within Local Community Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=90; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 50 1 no formal education (original code 10) 6 2 formal education present (original code 20) 21 3 small fraction of local community is formally educated (original code 21) 5 4 large part of local community is formally educated (original code 22) 8 5 members of local community have a higher education (original code 23) 281 NA NA SCCS.v1739. Types of Violence against Overarching Political Institution { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=81; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 24 0 no overarching political unit (variable 1729 coded as 1) (original code 88) 27 1 violent acts absent 12 2 acts of violence, in reaction against attacks by overarching political unit 18 3 active resistance, aiming at revolution 290 NA NA SCCS.v1740. Levels of Political Hierarchy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=101; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 17 1 no political office (original code 10) 1 2 no political office at the head of local community, but segments of different local communities belong to supralocal non-territorially organized political unit (original code 20) 1 3 highest political office one level above smallest supralocal non-territorially organized political unit (original code 21) 3 4 highest political office two levels above smallest supralocal non-territorially organized political unit (original code 22) 33 7 highest political office at the head of local community 15 8 highest political office one level above local community (original code 31) 13 9 highest political office two levels above local community (original code 32) 10 10 highest political office three levels above local community (original code 33) 8 11 highest political office four or more levels above local community (original code 34) 270 NA NA SCCS.v1741. Overarching Formal Jurisdiction within Unit of Maximal Political Authority Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=95; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 31 1 no formal jurisdiction present 6 2 highest level of formal jurisdiction below the unit of maximal political authority 58 3 highest level of formal jurisdiction at the level of maximal political authority 276 NA NA SCCS.v1742. Selection of Officials at the Lowest Level of Political Hierarchy { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=96; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 51 0 no political office above the level of the local community (variable 1730 coded as 1,2, or 3 (original code 88) 25 1 selection of officials at the lowest level of political hierarchy independent of higher-ranking officials 11 2 selection of officials at the lowest level of political hierarchy within local community, but it has to be reconfirmed by higher-ranking officials 9 3 officials at the lowest level of political hierarchy are determined by higher-ranking officials 275 NA NA SCCS.v1743. Sanctions Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=98; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 17 0 no formal political office present (variable 1740 coded as 1) (original code 88) 26 1 no or few means of coercion 17 2 restricted means of coercion, e.g. only for certain types of decisions 38 3 coercive means to enforce all decisions 273 NA NA SCCS.v1744. Lower Level Participation in Decision Making of the Unit of Maximal Political Authority Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=95; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 17 0 no formal political office present (variable 1740 coded as 1) (original code 88) 24 1 decision making at the highest level of political authority independent of lower-ranking levels, groups, or individuals 21 2 decisions at the highest level of political authority are made after consultation with representatives of lower-ranking levels, groups, or individuals 33 3 lower-ranking individuals or group representatives fully participate in decision making at the highest level of political authority, they are members of the decision making body 276 NA NA SCCS.v1745. Religio-political Overlap { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=90; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 17 0 no formal political office present (variable 1740 coded as 1) (original code 88) 18 1 religious specialists have no influence on decision making at the level of maximal political authority 19 2 religious specialists participate in decision making at the level of maximal political authority 36 3 officials at the level of maximal political authority are at the same time religious specialists 281 NA NA SCCS.v1746. Sources of Legitimation of Power { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=100; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 17 0 no formal political office present (variable 1740 coded as 1) (original code 88) 8 3 office holder belongs to privileged descent group 7 4 office holder elected by the represented group 3 5 office holder elected by subordinate authorities 6 8 office inherited 3 9 seniority 1 10 office holder installed by overarching administration, e.g. colonial power 1 11 other sources of legitimation 54 12 multiple sources of legitimation; more than one of the above (original code 77) 271 NA NA SCCS.v1747. Frequency of External Warfare: Unit of Maximal Political Authority Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=91; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 17 0 no formal political office present (variable 1740 coded as 1) (original code 88) 13 1 rare or never 15 2 occasional 27 3 often 19 4 permanent 280 NA NA SCCS.v1748. Frequency of Internal Warfare; i.e. between Local Communities within Unit of Maximal Political Authority Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=90; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 51 0 no political office above the level of the local community (variable 1740 coded as 1, 2, or 7) (original code 88) 15 1 rare or never 11 2 occasional 11 3 often 2 4 permanent 281 NA NA SCCS.v1749. Frequency of Internal Warfare Involving Non-territorially Organized Groups within Unit of Maximal Political Authority Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=90; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 51 0 no political office above the level of the local community (variable 1740 coded as 1, 2, or 7) (original code 88) 20 1 rare or never 9 2 occasional 7 3 often 3 4 permanent 281 NA NA SCCS.v1750. Frequency of Violent Conflict between Groups within Local Communities Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=72; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 51 1 rare or never 12 2 occasional 7 3 often 2 4 permanent 299 NA NA SCCS.v1751. Social Stratification Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=96; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 17 1 no differences in access to economic resources, political power, and/or status 45 2 differences in access to economic resources, political power, and/or status, not resulting in class formation 17 3 two classes 17 4 complex stratification into more than two classes 275 NA NA SCCS.v1752. Groom's Dependency on Relatives for Marriage Transactions Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=96; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 10 1 no marriage transactions 5 2 marriage transactions, but not by the groom or his kin 26 3 groom is able to procure the necessary goods for marriage transactions or else can provide alternatives as e.g., bride service 27 4 groom depends on the help of father or another single relative of the father for marriage transaction 15 5 groom depends on the help of father or a relative of the father and additional paternal relatives 13 6 groom depends on help of non-paternal or not exclusively paternal relatives to provide for marriage transaction 275 NA NA SCCS.v1753. Depth of Unilineal Descent { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=96; Number of unique values=24 Freq Value Description 22 1 patrilineal descent, no information on genealogical depth (original code 1000) 2 2 patrilineal descent, genealogical depth is 002 (original code 1002) 4 3 patrilineal descent, genealogical depth is 003 (original code 1003) 6 4 patrilineal descent, genealogical depth is 004 (original code 1004) 4 5 patrilineal descent, genealogical depth is 005 (original code 1005) 1 6 patrilineal descent, genealogical depth is 006 (original code 1006) 1 7 patrilineal descent, genealogical depth is 008 (original code 1008) 2 8 patrilineal descent, genealogical depth is 009 (original code 1009) 1 9 patrilineal descent, genealogical depth is 011 (original code 1011) 1 10 patrilineal descent, genealogical depth is 015 (original code 1015) 1 11 patrilineal descent, genealogical depth is 030 (original code 1030) 14 12 matrilineal descent, no information on genealogical depth (original code 2000) 1 13 matrilineal descent, genealogical depth is 002 (original code 2002) 1 14 matrilineal descent, genealogical depth is 003 (original code 2003) 1 15 matrilineal descent, genealogical depth is 004 (original code 2004) 2 16 matrilineal descent, genealogical depth is 006 (original code 2006) 1 17 matrilineal descent, genealogical depth is 007 (original code 2007) 1 18 matrilineal descent, genealogical depth is 009 (original code 2009) 1 19 matrilineal descent, genealogical depth is 011 (original code 2011) 1 20 double descent, genealogical depth is 002 (original code 3002) 2 21 double descent, genealogical depth is 003 (original code 3003) 1 22 double descent, genealogical depth is 004 (original code 3004) 1 23 double descent, genealogical depth is 005 (original code 3005) 24 24 no unilineal descent (original code 4000) 275 NA NA SCCS.v1754. Size of Maximal Effective Kin Group Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 34 1 absent 59 2 present 278 NA NA SCCS.v1755. Local Distribution of Maximal Effective Kin Group { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 34 0 does not apply, variable 1754 coded as 1 (original code 88) 18 1 maximal effective kin group forms part of local community 12 2 maximal effective kin group congruent with local community, no subgroups discernible 3 3 maximal effective kin group congruent with local community, with spatially segregated subgroups (e.g. wards) 7 4 maximal effective kin group covers a bounded territory including a number of local communities, which form segments of the maximal effective kin group 2 5 maximal effective kin group is dispersed among several local communities, located in the same territory as local communities inhabited by other effective kin groups 17 6 segments of maximal effective kin groups coreside with segments of other maximal effective kin groups in several local communities 278 NA NA SCCS.v1756. Size of Local Community Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=78; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 17 1 between 10 and 50 18 2 between 51 and 100 6 3 between 101 and 150 12 4 between 151 and 200 5 5 between 201 and 250 3 6 between 251 and 300 6 7 between 301 and 500 4 8 between 501 and 1000 7 9 greater than 1001 293 NA NA SCCS.v1757. Frequency of Violent Conflict Involving at Least One Maximal Effective Kin Group { (Codes Not Ordered) } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=85; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 34 0 does not apply, variable 1754 coded as 1 (original code 88) 12 1 rare or never 16 2 occasional 18 3 often 5 4 permanent 286 NA NA SCCS.v1758. Frequency of Violent Conflict Involving at Least One Local Community Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=89; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 25 1 rare or never 21 2 occasional 30 3 often 13 4 permanent 282 NA NA SCCS.v1759. Affection during Early Childhood Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=71; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 1 1 children often experience emotional rejection; no further information about loving affection (original code 10) 6 2 children receive noticeably more emotional rejection than loving affection (original code 11) 8 3 children receive emotional rejection and loving affection to the same degree (original code 20) 45 4 children often experience loving affection; no further information about emotional rejection (original code 30) 11 5 children receive noticeably more loving affection than emotional rejection (original code 31) 300 NA NA SCCS.v1760. Frequency of Interactions between Boys (Early Childhood) and Male Adults Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=79; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 12 1 boys have almost no contact with adult males 24 2 even though boys have contact with adult males, they have more contact with adult females 26 3 contact with male and female adults is about the same 17 4 boys have noticeably more contact with male than female adults 292 NA NA SCCS.v1761. Inculcation of Children's Trust in Other Persons Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=25; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 8 1 inculcation of mistrust and fear in children; the socializing agents scare the children by pretending to harm them, or by instilling of fear by reference to potentially harmful persons, groups, or supernatural beings. 10 2 Childrens mistrust is restricted to a certain group of persons. Instilling of fear by certain persons or warning of potential threat occurs rarely. 7 3 inculcation of trust in children; the socializing agents never scare children or warn them of distant persons or groups. 346 NA NA SCCS.v1762. Positive Reinforcement of Children's Willingness to Share, Give, and Help (Generosity) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=31; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 3 1 generosity is rarely fostered; the children rarely exhibit willingness to share, give, or help. This behavior rarely causes punishment. 10 2 generosity is moderately fostered; the children show willingness to share, give, or help. A lack of this behavior causes punishment or admonishment. 18 3 generosity is strongly fostered; other adults and children frequently request the children to share, give, and help. 340 NA NA SCCS.v1763. Emphasis on Honesty Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=47; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 2 1 honesty is not furthered. (Dishonesty is generally accepted.) 2 2 honesty is rarely furthered. (Dishonest behavior is only accepted towards a specific group of persons.) 9 3 honesty is furthered 34 4 honesty is explicitly furthered. (Dishonest behavior of children is the cause for punishment and reprimands.) 324 NA NA SCCS.v1764. Reaction of Socializing Agents towards Violent Behavior of Boys in Late Childhood Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 14 1 violence of children is generally objected (original code 10) 4 2 violence of children is tolerated (socializing agents only interfere when there is danger of serious injuries); no data on restriction of violence to specific group of persons(original code 20) 13 3 violence of children is tolerated only towards specific group of persons (original code 21) 3 4 violence of children is tolerated regardless of group of persons (original code 16 5 violence of children is explicitly encouraged; no data on restriction to specific group of persons (original code 30) 2 6 violence of children is explicitly encouraged only towards specific group of persons (original code 31) 1 7 violence of children is explicitly encouraged regardless of group of persons (original code 32) 318 NA NA SCCS.v1765. Emphasis on Courage of Boys in Late Childhood Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 5 1 courage is not emphasized; children are protected from harm which may be caused by scary situations, cold, and physical injuries 11 2 courage is mildly emphasized; children are not protected from potentially dangerous situations; the expression of fear and pain is tolerated 23 3 courage is strongly emphasized; children are expected to tolerate pain and overcome fear in dangerous situations; the expression of fear and pain is not tolerated 332 NA NA SCCS.v1766. Corporal Punishment of Boys in Late Childhood Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=79; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 32 1 children are not punished physically, corporal punishment as a means of education is rejected (original code 10) 10 2 children are punished physically; no information on frequency of occurrence (original code 20) 27 3 children are rarely punished physically for only certain types of misbehavior (original code 21) 10 4 children are often punished physically for almost any type of misbehavior (original code 22) 292 NA NA SCCS.v1767. Ideology of Male Superiority Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=82; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 47 1 no ideology of male superiority 8 2 weakly articulated ideology of male superiority 27 3 strongly articulated ideology of male superiority (it is the basic determinant of gender relations) 289 NA NA SCCS.v1768. Attitude towards Physical Violence against Members of Local Community Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=68; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 51 1 physical violence within local community is rejected 13 2 physical violence within local community is tolerated or accepted 4 3 physical violence within local community is appreciated 303 NA NA SCCS.v1769. Attitude towards Physical Violence against Members of Same Ethnic Group, Not Restricted to Local Community Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=62; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 31 1 physical violence within ethnic group is rejected 21 2 physical violence within ethnic group is tolerated or accepted 10 3 physical violence within ethnic group is appreciated 309 NA NA SCCS.v1770. Attitude towards Physical Violence against Members of Other Ethnic Groups Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 1 0 no contact with other ethnic groups (original code 88) 5 1 physical violence outside of ethnic group is rejected (original code 10) 3 2 physical violence outside of ethnic group is rejected because of military inferiority or cowardice (original code 11) 5 3 physical violence is tolerated or accepted - specification of the enemies is absent (original code 20) 1 4 physical violence is tolerated or accepted - but not against the majority of other ethnic groups (original code 21) 5 5 physical violence is tolerated or accepted against the majority of other ethnic groups (original code 22) 14 6 physical violence is appreciated - no further specification against whom (original code 30) 3 7 physical violence is appreciated - but not against the majority of other ethnic groups (original code 31) 4 8 physical violence is appreciated against the majority of other ethnic groups (original code 32) 330 NA NA SCCS.v1771. Loyalty within Ethnic Group Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=86; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 41 1 low 18 2 middle 27 3 high 285 NA NA SCCS.v1772. Hostility towards Other Ethnic Groups Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=73; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 1 0 no contact with other ethnic groups (original code 88) 8 1 no or negligible hostility (original code 10) 6 2 weak degree of hostility (original code 20) 14 3 moderate degree of hostility (original code 30) 9 4 moderate degree of hostility, only directed against some other ethnic groups (original code 31) 8 5 moderate degree of hostility; directed against almost all other ethnic groups (original code 32) 2 6 high degree of hostility (original code 40) 9 7 high degree of hostility; only directed against some other ethnic groups (original code 41) 16 8 high degree of hostility; directed against almost all other ethnic groups (original code 42) 298 NA NA SCCS.v1773. Prestige of Warriors Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=75; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 12 0 no warriors (original code 88) 9 1 low prestige, warriors receive no special recognition (original code 10) 13 2 middle to high prestige; warriors have a good reputation, no data on other sources of reputation (original code 20) 12 3 medium prestige of warriors, other sources of reputation are valued higher (original code 21) 15 4 high prestige of warriors, other equally valued sources of reputation exist (original code 22) 14 5 very high prestige, to gain prestige as a warrior is of special importance for every man (original code 24) 296 NA NA SCCS.v1774. Revenge Related Norms Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=80; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 15 1 revenge taking is forbidden (original code 10) 17 2 taking of revenge is neither forbidden nor prescribed (original code 20) 18 3 taking of revenge is prescribed but compensation by payment equally valued (original code 21) 16 4 taking of revenge is prescribed (original code 30) 14 5 taking of revenge is prescribed, retaliation is allowed only against the culprit (original code 31) 291 NA NA SCCS.v1775. Reglementation of Intraethnic Violence Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=66; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 23 0 no intraethnic violence (variable 1776 coded as 1) (original code 88) 10 1 no reglementation 25 2 moderate reglementation 8 3 highly reglemented or ritualized 305 NA NA SCCS.v1776. Frequency of Intraethnic Violence Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 23 1 rare or never 28 2 occasional 29 3 often 13 4 permanent 278 NA NA SCCS.v1777. Intensity of Intraethnic Violence Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=70; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 22 0 no intraethnic violence (variable 1776 coded as 1) (original code 88) 30 1 low; when violence occurs, only occasional victims 12 2 moderate; when violence occurs many victims, ca. one half of one of the parties in conflict is killed 6 3 high; one of the parties in conflict is nearly extinguished 301 NA NA SCCS.v1778. Frequency of Interethnic Violence/Attacking Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=89; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 4 0 no contact with other ethnic groups (original code 88) 26 1 rare or never 20 2 occasional 24 3 often 15 4 permanent 282 NA NA SCCS.v1779. Weapons Used in Warfare Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=80; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 18 1 projectiles 4 2 shock weapons 58 3 both 291 NA NA SCCS.v1780. Defensive (Protective) Weapons Used in Warfare Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=60; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 21 1 no protective weapons 6 2 body armor 26 3 shields 7 4 both 311 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: William Divale and Albert Seda. 1999. Codes on Gossip for Societies in the Standard Sample. World Cultures 10(1):7-22. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v1781. Gossip on Adultery Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 96 0 absent 13 1 present for males only 24 2 present for both sexes 2 3 present for females only 236 NA NA SCCS.v1782. Gossip on Boasting Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 102 0 absent 25 1 present for males only 7 2 present for both sexes 1 3 present for females only 236 NA NA SCCS.v1783. Gossip on Bride Price Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 115 0 absent 9 1 present for males only 11 2 present for both sexes 236 NA NA SCCS.v1784. Gossip on Cattle/Livestock Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 116 0 absent 11 1 present for males only 8 2 present for both sexes 236 NA NA SCCS.v1785. Gossip on Dowry Payments Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 131 0 absent 2 1 present for males only 2 3 present for females only 236 NA NA SCCS.v1786. Gossip on Drinking Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 107 0 absent 17 1 present for males only 8 2 present for both sexes 3 3 present for females only 236 NA NA SCCS.v1787. Gossip on Family Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 49 0 absent 25 1 present for males only 53 2 present for both sexes 8 3 present for females only 236 NA NA SCCS.v1788. Gossip on Farming Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 113 0 absent 11 1 present for males only 11 2 present for both sexes 236 NA NA SCCS.v1789. Gossip on Government/Colonial Affairs Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 85 0 absent 27 1 present for males only 21 2 present for both sexes 2 3 present for females only 236 NA NA SCCS.v1790. Gossip on Hunting Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 100 0 absent 29 1 present for males only 5 2 present for both sexes 1 3 present for females only 236 NA NA SCCS.v1791. Gossip on Inheritance Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 122 0 absent 7 1 present for males only 6 2 present for both sexes 236 NA NA SCCS.v1792. Gossip on Laziness Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 106 0 absent 12 1 present for males only 13 2 present for both sexes 4 3 present for females only 236 NA NA SCCS.v1793. Gossip on Men Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 50 0 absent 48 1 present for males only 27 2 present for both sexes 10 3 present for females only 236 NA NA SCCS.v1794. Gossip on Murder/Assault Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 87 0 absent 27 1 present for males only 20 2 present for both sexes 1 3 present for females only 236 NA NA SCCS.v1795. Gossip on Neighbors Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 86 0 absent 12 1 present for males only 35 2 present for both sexes 2 3 present for females only 236 NA NA SCCS.v1796. Gossip on Politics Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 84 0 absent 26 1 present for males only 25 2 present for both sexes 236 NA NA SCCS.v1797. Gossip on Scandal Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 73 0 absent 18 1 present for males only 41 2 present for both sexes 3 3 present for females only 236 NA NA SCCS.v1798. Gossip on Sex/Sexual Joking Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 83 0 absent 17 1 present for males only 28 2 present for both sexes 7 3 present for females only 236 NA NA SCCS.v1799. Gossip on Social Control Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 23 0 absent 45 1 present for males only 59 2 present for both sexes 8 3 present for females only 236 NA NA SCCS.v1800. Gossip on Socializing/News Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 40 0 absent 26 1 present for males only 59 2 present for both sexes 10 3 present for females only 236 NA NA SCCS.v1801. Gossip on Wife Beating Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 117 0 absent 6 1 present for males only 10 2 present for both sexes 2 3 present for females only 236 NA NA SCCS.v1802. Gossip on Women Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 61 0 absent 18 1 present for males only 31 2 present for both sexes 25 3 present for females only 236 NA NA SCCS.v1803. Gossip on Marriage Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 126 0 absent 2 1 present for males only 5 2 present for both sexes 2 3 present for females only 236 NA NA SCCS.v1804. Gossip on Religion Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 131 0 absent 2 1 present for males only 2 2 present for both sexes 236 NA NA SCCS.v1805. Importance of Gossip Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 6 0 absent 9 1 scale step 1: not important 2 1.5 1.5 15 2 scale step 2 3 2.5 2.5 37 3 scale step 3 10 3.5 3.5 36 4 scale step 4 1 4.5 4.5 16 5 scale step 5: very important 236 NA NA Gossip Factor Scales (See Divale and Seda paper with Gossip Codes for rationale). Factor analysis of Gossip variables produced eight factors with gossip variables that had loadings of .50 or higher. Scales were then produced by summing those variables with loadings of .5 or higher on the factor. Thus 1805.1 is a News & General Gossip Scale, which is the sum of the following gossip topics: Gossip about Men, Neighbors, Socializing and News, and Women). SCCS.v1805.1. Fact_1 News & General Gossip Scale (sum of Men, Neighbors, Socializing & News, And Women Gossip) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value 20 0 21 1 31 2 32 3 31 4 236 NA SCCS.v1805.2. Fact_2 Political Gossip Scale (sum of Family, Govt., Political Gossip) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value 37 0 39 1 29 2 30 3 236 NA SCCS.v1805.3. Fact_3 Machismo Gossip Scale (sum of Boasting, Hunting, Laziness, Wife Beating Gossip) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value 67 0 38 1 17 2 9 3 4 4 236 NA SCCS.v1805.4. Fact_4 Sex & Scandals Scale (sum of Adultery And Scandal Gossip) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value 64 0 41 1 30 2 236 NA SCCS.v1805.5. Fact_5 Drinking & Murder Scale (sum of Drinking, Murder And Assault Gossip) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value 77 0 40 1 18 2 236 NA SCCS.v1805.6. Fact_6 Marriage Payments Gossip Scale (sum of Bride Price And Dowry Gossip) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value 114 0 18 1 3 2 236 NA SCCS.v1805.7. Fact_7 Farming & Religion Gossip Scale (sum of Farming And Religious Gossip) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value 111 0 22 1 2 2 236 NA SCCS.v1805.8. Fact_8 Cattle & Marriage Gossip Scale (sum of Cattle And Marriage Gossip) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value 110 0 22 1 3 2 236 NA ============================================================ SOURCE: William Divale and Albert Seda. 2000. Cross-Cultural Codes of Modernization World Cultures 11(2):153-170. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v1806. Trade: 1.1. Changes in Trade and Trade Goods Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 27 1 no changes 87 2 changes present 21 3 2 additional items present 236 NA NA SCCS.v1807. Trade: 1.2. Introduction of Wage Labor and Immigrant Workers Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 67 0 no changes 67 1 changes present 1 2 2 additional items present 236 NA NA SCCS.v1808. Trade: 1.3. Introduction of Monetary System Such as Money Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 59 1 no changes 76 2 changes present 236 NA NA SCCS.v1809. Technology: 2.1. Introduction of Foreign Goods Such as Weapons Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 66 1 no changes 69 2 changes present 236 NA NA SCCS.v1810. Technology: 2.2. Minor Technological Developments Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 47 1 no changes 72 2 changes present 11 3 2 additional items present 5 4 3 additional items present 236 NA NA SCCS.v1811. Technology: 2.3. Major Technological Changes Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 96 0 no changes 35 1 changes present 4 2 2 additional items present 236 NA NA SCCS.v1812. Agriculture: 3.1. Agricultural Improvements, Improvement in Farming Mehods, Fertilization, Irrigation, Food Preservation Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 59 1 no changes 76 2 changes present 236 NA NA SCCS.v1813. Agriculture: 3.2 Changes in Agriculture and Crops Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 74 0 no changes 56 1 changes present 5 2 2 additional items present 236 NA NA SCCS.v1814. Agriculture: 3.3. Introduction of New Livestock Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 85 1 no changes 50 2 changes present 236 NA NA SCCS.v1815. Transportation: 4.1. Mechanical Transport (Automobiles, Railroads, Buses) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 99 1 no changes 36 2 changes present 236 NA NA SCCS.v1816. Transportation: 4.2. Changes and Introduction of Water Transport Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 109 1 no changes 26 2 changes present 236 NA NA SCCS.v1817. Transportation: 4.3. Introduction of Roads and Highways Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=134; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 112 1 no changes 22 2 changes present 237 NA NA SCCS.v1818. Government, Political and Legal System: 5.1 New Positions Such as Government Officials Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 22 1 no changes 113 2 changes present 236 NA NA SCCS.v1819. Government, Political and Legal System: 5.2 Changes or Implementation of Foreign Judicial System Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 43 1 no changes 92 2 changes present 236 NA NA SCCS.v1820. Government, Political and Legal System: 5.3 Political Changes, Uprising, Cargo Cults Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 94 0 no changes 35 1 changes present 6 2 2 additional items present 236 NA NA SCCS.v1821. Government, Political and Legal System: 5.4 Large Scale Projects Introduced by outside Agencies Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=134; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 86 1 no changes 48 2 changes present 237 NA NA SCCS.v1822. Family/Social Organization: 6.1 Changes in Family Structure Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 58 1 no changes 67 2 changes present 10 4 3 additional items present 236 NA NA SCCS.v1823. Family/Social Organization: 6.2 Changes in Marriage Rituals, Weddings Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 60 0 no changes 69 1 changes present 6 2 2 additional items present 236 NA NA SCCS.v1824. Family/Social Organization: 6.3 Changes in Choice of Spouse, Mixed-marriages, Etc Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 78 1 no changes 57 2 changes present 236 NA NA SCCS.v1825. Family/Social Organization: 6.4 Changes in Female Role or Status Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 73 1 no changes 62 2 changes present 236 NA NA SCCS.v1826. Body Toilet, Adornment and Dress: 7.1 Changes in Body Toilets Such as Piercing, Jewelry Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 71 0 no changes 63 1 changes present 1 2 2 additional items present 236 NA NA SCCS.v1827. Body Toilet, Adornment and Dress: 7.2 Changes in Dress Customs Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 25 1 no changes 110 2 changes present 236 NA NA SCCS.v1828. Behavior: 8.1 Introduction of Drugs Such as Tobacco, Alcohol Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 72 0 no changes 55 1 changes present 8 2 2 additional items present 236 NA NA SCCS.v1829. Behavior: 8.2 Changes in Food Processing Such as Cooking Methods Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 51 1 no changes 84 2 changes present 236 NA NA SCCS.v1830. Information and Education: 9.1. Changes in Communication and the Arts Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 57 1 no changes 70 2 changes present 8 3 2 additional items present 236 NA NA SCCS.v1831. Information and Education: 9.2 Changes in Education Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 48 1 no changes 82 2 changes present 5 3 2 additional items present 236 NA NA SCCS.v1832. Information and Education: 9.3 Introduction of Contact Languages, Foreign Words, Vocabulary Distortion, Pidgin Languages Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 50 1 no changes 75 2 changes present 10 3 2 additional items present 236 NA NA SCCS.v1833. Health: 10.1 Introduction of Foreign Medical Practices, Hospitals Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 68 0 no changes 61 1 changes present 6 2 2 additional items present 236 NA NA SCCS.v1834. Health: 10.2 Introduction of Foreign Diseases Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 84 1 no changes 51 2 changes present 236 NA NA SCCS.v1835. Health: 10.3 Changes in Sanitation Methods Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 104 1 no changes 31 2 changes present 236 NA NA SCCS.v1836. Religion: 11.1 Changes in Native Religion Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 53 1 no changes 82 2 changes present 236 NA NA SCCS.v1837. Religion: 11.2 Introduction of Foreign Religion Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 14 1 no changes 121 2 changes present 236 NA NA SCCS.v1838. Religion: 11.3 Changes in Burial Practices or Other Rituals Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 51 1 no changes 67 2 changes present 17 3 2 additional items present 236 NA NA SCCS.v1839. Modernization: Sum of Agricultural Changes Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 31 0 no changes 40 1 1 item 42 2 2 items 20 3 3 items 2 4 4 items 236 NA NA SCCS.v1840. Modernization: Sum of Behavior Changes Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 34 1 no changes 54 2 1 item 40 3 2 items 7 4 3 items 236 NA NA SCCS.v1841. Modernization: Sum of Educational Changes Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 12 0 no changes 29 1 1 item 52 2 2 items 32 3 3 items 7 4 4 items 2 5 5 items 1 6 6 items 236 NA NA SCCS.v1842. Modernization: Sum of Family Changes Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 19 0 no changes 31 1 1 item 26 2 2 items 34 3 3 items 17 4 4 items 4 5 5 items 4 6 6 items 236 NA NA SCCS.v1843. Modernization: Sum of Governmental Changes Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 13 1 no changes 23 2 1 item 41 3 2 items 39 4 3 items 17 5 4 items 2 6 5 items 236 NA NA SCCS.v1844. Modernization: Sum of Religious Changes Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 7 1 no changes 27 2 1 item 41 3 2 items 45 4 3 items 15 5 4 items 236 NA NA SCCS.v1845. Modernization: Sum of Technological Changes Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 22 0 no changes 43 1 1 item 42 2 2 items 21 3 3 items 5 4 4 items 1 5 5 items 1 6 6 items 236 NA NA SCCS.v1846. Modernization: Sum of Toilet Changes Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 15 0 no changes 66 1 1 item 53 2 2 items 1 3 3 items 236 NA NA SCCS.v1847. Modernization: Sum of Trade Changes Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 10 1 no changes 33 2 1 item 45 3 2 items 37 4 3 items 10 5 4 items 236 NA NA SCCS.v1848. Modernization: Sum of Transportation Changes Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 69 0 no changes 51 1 1 item 12 2 2 items 3 3 3 items 236 NA NA SCCS.v1849. Modernization: Sum of All Changes Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=27 Stat Value nobs 135 mean 18 min 5 max 35 sd 5.707 ============================================================ SOURCE: Sissel Schroeder. 2001. Secondary Disposal of the Dead: Cross-Cultural Codes. World Cultures 12(1). ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v1850. Secondary Bone/Body Treatment: Original Scale Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 101 1 secondary contact with the body or bones of the deceased does not occur. 5 3 secondary contact with the body or bones of the deceased is accorded only to individuals who are members of the society, but are not resident with their group of orientation at the time of death (e.g., an adult member has married and resides with his/her spouse at some distance from the group of orientation; or death occurs while the individual is on a trip away from the group of orientation). The body must be returned to the group of orientation for proper burial. Incidental to the returning process, the body decomposes and secondary disposal results. 3 4 secondary contact with the body or bones is practiced, with circumstances of death (e.g., struck by lightening, time of year) being the only determinant of whether or not it is accorded to an individual. 13 5 secondary contact with the body or bones is the preferred means of disposal for a proportion of the population, with status, age-grade, kin, or sodality associations determining if it is accorded to an individual. 38 6 secondary contact with the body or bones is the preferred means of disposal for all or nearly all adult members of the society. 2 7 other form of secondary disposal. 209 NA NA SCCS.v1851. Disarticulation: Original Scale Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 92 1 disarticulation does not occur or is not recoverable archaeologically. 6 3 disarticulation of human osseous remains occurs prior to final disposal in the case of individuals who are members of the society, but are not resident with their group of orientation at the time of death. The body must be returned to the group of orientation for proper burial. Incidental to the returning process, the body decomposes and the result is a mass of disarticulated bones, which must be disposed of. 1 4 disarticulation of human osseous remains occurs prior to final disposal only in situations where circumstances of death dictate that the body be curated until a time that is propitious for final disposal. 17 5 disarticulation of human osseous remains occurs prior to final disposal in a proportion of instances, with status, age-grade, kin, or sodality associations being the determining factor. 33 6 disarticulation of human osseous remains occurs prior to final disposal in all or nearly all instances of adult deaths. 13 7 disarticulation results from scavenger activity. 209 NA NA SCCS.v1852. Secondary Bone/Body Treatment: Scale Two Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 101 1 absent 23 2 present in a minority of cases 38 3 present in nearly all/all cases 209 NA NA SCCS.v1853. Disarticulation: Scale Two Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 92 1 absent 37 2 present in a minority of cases 33 3 present in nearly all/all cases 209 NA NA SCCS.v1854. Secondary Bone/Body Treatment: Scale Three Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 101 1 absent 61 2 present 209 NA NA SCCS.v1855. Disarticulation: Scale Three Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 92 1 absent 70 2 present 209 NA NA SCCS.v1856. Secondary Bone/Body Treatment: Scale Four Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 124 1 absent or in minority of cases only 38 2 present in nearly all/all cases 209 NA NA SCCS.v1857. Disarticulation: Scale Four Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 129 1 absent or in minority of cases only 33 2 present in nearly all/all cases 209 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Michael L. Burton. 1999. Language and Region Codes for the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample. Cross-Cultural Research 33:63-83. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v1858. Region (Burton 1999) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 37 1 Subsaharan Africa 32 2 Middle Old World 25 3 Southeast Asia and Insular Pacific 14 4 Sahul 15 5 North Eurasia and Circumpolar 6 6 Northwest Coast of North America 13 7 North and West of North America 28 8 Eastern Americas 13 9 Mesoamerica and Andes 3 10 Far South America 185 NA NA SCCS.v1861. Language Subfamily 2 (Burton 1999) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=25 Freq Value Description 106 0 Isolate or no subfamily 2 2 1 Niger Congo: Central: North Central 16 2 Niger Congo: Central: South Central 2 3 Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic 1 4 Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nubian 1 5 Afro-Asiatic: Cushitic: Central 2 6 Afro-Asiatic: Cushitic: Eastern 4 7 Afro-Asiatic: Semitic: Central 1 8 Afro-Asiatic: Semitic: Southern 3 9 Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic 2 10 Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian 1 11 Sino-Tibetan: Tibeto-Burman: Tibetic 1 12 Sino-Tibetan: Tibeto-Burman: Baric 3 13 Sino-Tibetan: Tibeto-Burman: Burmic 2 14 Austroasiatic: Mon-Khmer: North 1 15 Austroasiatic: Mon-Khmer: East 2 16 Austroasiatic: Mon-Khmer: South 11 17 Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western 13 18 Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Central and Eastern 1 19 Na-Dene: Athabaskan-Eyak: Eyak 4 20 Na-Dene: Athabaskan-Eyak: Athabaskan 1 21 Uto-Aztecan: Southern: Pimic 2 22 Uto-Aztecan: Southern: Corrachol-Aztecan 3 23 Tupi-Carib: Tupian: Tupi-Guarani 1 24 Tupi-Carib: Tupian: Munduruku 185 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: William Divale. 1999. Climatic Instability, Food Storage, and the Development of Numerical Counting: A Cross-Cultural Study. Cross-Cultural Research 33:341-368. and William Divale. 2001. Codes on the Highest Number Counted for the Standard Sample. World Cultures 12(1):99-104. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v1862. Highest Number Counted Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=24 Freq Value Description 1 1 1 9 2 3 3 3 4 2 4 5 1 5 6 1 6 7 1 7 8 15 8 10 1 9 12 1 10 16 8 11 20 2 12 30 1 13 36 1 14 40 1 15 90 14 16 100 1 17 200 1 18 400 10 19 1000 3 20 2000 1 21 3600 1 22 4000 1 23 5000 13 24 10000 278 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Elizabeth Cashdan. 2001. Ethnic Diversity and Its Environmental Determinants: Effects of Climate, Pathogens, and Habitat Diversity. American Anthropopologist 103(4):968-991. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v1864. Concordance: Number of Societies within 100 Mile Radius Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=13 Freq Value 98 0 32 1 14 2 11 3 8 4 9 5 4 6 2 7 1 8 1 10 1 11 1 12 1 13 188 NA SCCS.v1865. Concordance: Number of Societies within 150 Mile Radius Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=20 Freq Value 65 0 35 1 21 2 15 3 8 4 10 5 3 6 5 7 1 8 2 9 2 10 5 11 2 12 1 13 1 14 1 16 3 17 1 18 1 20 1 27 188 NA SCCS.v1866. Concordance: Number of Societies within 200 Mile Radius Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=26 Freq Value 49 0 29 1 20 2 15 3 11 4 11 5 6 6 5 7 2 8 3 9 2 10 4 11 3 12 2 13 3 14 1 15 2 16 1 17 2 19 1 21 3 24 3 25 1 26 1 28 2 29 1 38 188 NA SCCS.v1867. Concordance: Number of Societies within 250 Mile Radius Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=33 Stat Value nobs 183 mean 7.18 min 0 max 55 sd 9.558 SCCS.v1868. Concordance: Number of Societies within 300 Mile Radius Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=40 Stat Value nobs 183 mean 9.863 min 0 max 64 sd 12.492 SCCS.v1869. Concordance: Number of Societies within 350 Mile Radius Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=48 Stat Value nobs 183 mean 13 min 0 max 75 sd 16.314 SCCS.v1870. Concordance: Number of Societies within 400 Mile Radius Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=49 Stat Value nobs 183 mean 15.896 min 0 max 87 sd 19.539 SCCS.v1871. Concordance: Number of Societies within 450 Mile Radius Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=52 Stat Value nobs 183 mean 19.519 min 0 max 99 sd 23.124 SCCS.v1872. Concordance: Number of Societies within 500 Mile Radius (100 Value) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=62 Stat Value nobs 183 mean 23.077 min 0 max 106 sd 26.6 SCCS.v1874. Atlas: Number of Societies within 100 Mile Radius Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=16 Freq Value 54 0 40 1 31 2 18 3 10 4 7 5 7 6 3 7 1 8 3 9 3 10 2 11 1 15 1 20 1 22 1 25 188 NA SCCS.v1875. Atlas: Number of Societies within 150 Mile Radius Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=25 Freq Value 31 0 27 1 16 2 12 3 13 4 17 5 13 6 7 7 13 8 7 9 3 10 5 11 4 12 2 13 3 14 1 15 1 17 1 18 1 22 1 23 1 24 1 28 1 34 1 38 1 48 188 NA SCCS.v1876. Atlas: Number of Societies within 200 Mile Radius Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=33 Stat Value nobs 183 mean 8.918 min 0 max 69 sd 10.348 SCCS.v1877. Atlas: Number of Societies within 250 Mile Radius Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=42 Stat Value nobs 183 mean 13.246 min 0 max 97 sd 14.363 SCCS.v1878. Atlas: Number of Societies within 300 Mile Radius (100 Value) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=53 Stat Value nobs 183 mean 18.699 min 0 max 131 sd 19.117 SCCS.v1880. Atlas: Number of Societies within 350 Mile Radius (100 Value) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=61 Stat Value nobs 183 mean 24.361 min 0 max 163 sd 23.967 SCCS.v1882. Atlas: Number of Societies within 400 Mile Radius (100 Value) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=69 Stat Value nobs 183 mean 30.738 min 0 max 180 sd 29.641 SCCS.v1884. Atlas: Number of Societies within 450 Mile Radius (100 Value) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=83 Stat Value nobs 183 mean 37.689 min 0 max 195 sd 34.793 SCCS.v1886. Atlas: Number of Societies within 500 Mile Radius (100 Value) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=183; Number of unique values=95 Stat Value nobs 183 mean 45.066 min 0 max 206 sd 40.071 SCCS.v1888. Number of Habitats within 100 Mile Radius Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 17 1 1 habitat 58 2 2 habitats 54 3 3 habitats 27 4 4 habitats 16 5 5 habitats 199 NA NA SCCS.v1889. Ocean within 100 Miles? Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 96 0 no 76 1 yes 199 NA NA SCCS.v1890. Lake within 100 Miles? Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 163 0 no 9 1 yes 199 NA NA SCCS.v1891. Number of Habitats within 150 Mile Radius Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 6 1 1 habitat 38 2 2 habitats 59 3 3 habitats 38 4 4 habitats 25 5 5 habitats 5 6 6 habitats 1 7 7 habitats 199 NA NA SCCS.v1892. Ocean within 150 Miles? Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 87 0 no 85 1 yes 199 NA NA SCCS.v1893. Lake within 150 Miles? Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 161 0 no 11 1 yes 199 NA NA SCCS.v1894. Number of Habitats within 200 Mile Radius Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 2 1 1 habitat 22 2 2 habitats 48 3 3 habitats 43 4 4 habitats 35 5 5 habitats 15 6 6 habitats 7 7 7 habitats 199 NA NA SCCS.v1895. Ocean within 200 Miles? Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 70 0 no 102 1 yes 199 NA NA SCCS.v1896. Lake within 200 Miles? Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 156 0 no 16 1 yes 199 NA NA SCCS.v1897. Number of Habitats within 250 Mile Radius Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 1 1 1 habitat 14 2 2 habitats 45 3 3 habitats 36 4 4 habitats 39 5 5 habitats 23 6 6 habitats 11 7 7 habitats 2 8 8 habitats 1 9 9 habitats 199 NA NA SCCS.v1898. Ocean within 250 Miles? Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 66 0 no 106 1 yes 199 NA NA SCCS.v1899. Lake within 250 Miles? Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 149 0 no 23 1 yes 199 NA NA SCCS.v1900. Type of Site: 100 Miles Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 7 1 island 145 2 mainland 20 3 peninsula 199 NA NA SCCS.v1901. Type of Site: 150 Miles Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 8 1 island 140 2 mainland 24 3 peninsula 199 NA NA SCCS.v1902. Type of Site: 200 Miles Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 13 1 island 134 2 mainland 25 3 peninsula 199 NA NA SCCS.v1903. Type of Site: 250 Miles Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 13 1 island 132 2 mainland 27 3 peninsula 199 NA NA SCCS.v1913. Mean Yearly Annual Rainfall (cm) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=185 Stat Value nobs 186 mean 140.737 min 0.14 max 578.967 sd 106.021 SCCS.v1914. Coefficient of Variation in Mean Annual Rainfall { Interannual Variation, i.e., around the Mean of Means of Yearly Rainfalls for N Years of Observation } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=185 Stat Value nobs 186 mean 23.527 min 9.376 max 161.225 sd 17.882 SCCS.v1915. Lowest Yearly Rainfall in the N Years Sampled (cm) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=182 Stat Value nobs 186 mean 95.873 min 0 max 355.8 sd 77.618 SCCS.v1916. Highest Yearly Rainfall in the N Years Sampled (cm) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=183 Stat Value nobs 186 mean 194.755 min 0.8 max 767.4 sd 140.03 SCCS.v1917. Difference between Maxrain and Minrain (cm) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=183 Stat Value nobs 186 mean 98.882 min 0.8 max 411.6 sd 71.701 ============================================================ SOURCE: Paul C. Rosenblatt, R. Patricia Walsh, and Douglas A. Jackson. Grief and Mourning in Cross-Cultural Perspective. H.R.A.F. Press. 1976. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v1918. Crying Frequency Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=58; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 1 0 Crying is absent 1 2 2 2 6 6 8 7 7 46 8 Crying is frequent 313 NA NA SCCS.v1919. Crying Duration Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=31; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 1 0 Less than a few minutes 3 2 2 1 8 8 2 10 10 1 11 11 8 12 12 4 14 14 1 15 15 10 16 More than a week 340 NA NA SCCS.v1920. Male Crying: Frequency Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 8 0 Absent 2 1 1 1 3 3 7 5 5 4 6 6 3 7 7 9 8 Very frequent 10 9 9 8 10 Occurs always 319 NA NA SCCS.v1921. Female Crying: Frequency Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=56; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 1 0 Absent 1 2 2 1 3 3 2 5 5 1 6 6 4 7 7 13 8 Very frequent 20 9 9 13 10 Occurs always 315 NA NA SCCS.v1922. Attempted Self-injury: Frequency Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=44; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 20 0 Absent 2 1 1 1 2 2 4 3 3 3 4 4 2 5 5 2 6 6 2 7 7 8 8 Very frequent 327 NA NA SCCS.v1923. Actual Self-injury: Frequency Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=43; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 20 0 Absent 5 1 1 4 2 2 1 3 3 3 4 4 1 6 6 2 7 7 7 8 Very frequent 328 NA NA SCCS.v1924. Male Attempted Self-injury: Frequency Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=31; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 15 0 Absent 1 1 1 5 2 2 1 4 4 2 5 5 2 6 6 3 8 Very frequent 1 9 9 1 10 Occurs always 340 NA NA SCCS.v1925. Female Attempted Self-injury: Frequency Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=31; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 12 0 Absent 5 2 2 2 3 3 1 4 4 1 5 5 1 6 6 3 7 7 2 8 Very frequent 3 9 9 1 10 Occurs always 340 NA NA SCCS.v1926. Male Actual Self-injury: Frequency Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=29; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 14 0 Absent 1 1 1 4 2 2 1 4 4 2 5 5 2 6 6 1 7 7 2 8 Very frequent 1 9 9 1 10 Occurs always 342 NA NA SCCS.v1927. Female Actual Self-injury: Frequency Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=30; Number of unique values=11 Freq Value Description 11 0 Absent 2 1 1 4 2 2 2 3 3 1 4 4 3 5 5 1 6 6 1 7 7 3 8 Very frequent 1 9 9 1 10 Occurs always 341 NA NA SCCS.v1937. Somebody Institutionalized Target Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=24; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 5 0 Both raters say it is absent 4 1 Raters disagree on presence 15 2 Both raters say it is present 347 NA NA SCCS.v1941. Fear of Ghost Present Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 7 0 Absent 34 1 Present 330 NA NA SCCS.v1942. Degree of Fear of Ghost Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique values=13 Freq Value Description 7 0 None 1 8 8 1 10 10 3 12 12 3 13 13 2 15 15 2 17 17 1 18 18 7 20 20 5 22 22 3 23 23 3 25 25 1 27 27 332 NA NA SCCS.v1943. Fear of Bodies Present Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=20; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 12 0 Absent 8 1 Present 351 NA NA SCCS.v1944. Sex Difference, Crying Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=48; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 13 2 2 6 3 3 8 4 4 8 5 5 12 6 6 1 8 8 323 NA NA SCCS.v1948. Importance of Ritual Specialists up to and including Initial Body Disposal Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=45; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 12 0 Specialists do nothing 8 1 1 4 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 6 5 5 3 6 6 2 7 7 2 8 8 2 9 9 326 NA NA SCCS.v1949. Ritualization up to and including Initial Disposal Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=62; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 2 1 1 9 2 2 8 3 3 15 4 4 10 5 5 9 6 6 8 7 7 1 8 A very large amount 309 NA NA SCCS.v1950. Amount of Contact by Bereaved with Corpse Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=56; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 3 1 1 1 2 2 10 3 3 10 4 4 12 5 5 11 6 6 7 7 7 2 8 A very large deal 315 NA NA SCCS.v1951. Isolation of Widows Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=34; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 19 0 Absent 15 1 Present 337 NA NA SCCS.v1952. Isolation of Widowers Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=32; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 21 0 Absent 11 1 Present 339 NA NA SCCS.v1953. Isolation of Adult Offspring of Deceased Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=27; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 24 0 Absent 3 1 Present 344 NA NA SCCS.v1954. Isolation of Parent of Deceased Subadult Offspring Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=27; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 24 0 Absent 3 1 Present 344 NA NA SCCS.v1955. Marking of Widows Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=47; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 4 0 Absent 43 1 Present 324 NA NA SCCS.v1956. Marking of Widowers Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=37; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 5 0 Absent 32 1 Present 334 NA NA SCCS.v1957. Marking of Adult Offspring of Deceased Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=29; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 5 0 Absent 24 1 Present 342 NA NA SCCS.v1960. Ghosts Present Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=59; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 1 0 No 58 1 Yes 312 NA NA SCCS.v1961. Ghosts Perceived Are of Those Best Known Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=38; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 2 0 No 7 1 maybe ? 29 2 Yes 333 NA NA SCCS.v1962. Eventual Distance of Spirits Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=46; Number of unique values=13 Freq Value Description 1 0 Close to survivors 1 2 2 1 3 3 3 5 5 1 7 7 4 8 8 5 10 10 3 12 12 5 13 13 6 15 15 4 17 17 2 18 18 10 20 Always away from survivors 325 NA NA SCCS.v1964. Percentage of Widow Remarrying Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=27; Number of unique values=21 Freq Value Description 1 30 15 pct 1 40 20 pct 1 55 37.5 pct 1 90 45 pct 1 95 47.5 pct 1 100 50 pct 2 105 52.5 pct 1 110 55 pct 1 120 60 pct 1 126 63 pct 1 130 65 pct 1 140 70 pct 1 150 75 pct 4 155 77.5 pct 3 160 80 pct 1 165 82.5 pct 1 170 85 pct 1 175 87.5 pct 1 180 90 pct 1 190 95 pct 1 200 100 pct 344 NA NA SCCS.v1966. Levirate Present Vs. Absent Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=37; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 3 0 Absent 34 1 Present 334 NA NA SCCS.v1967. Some Personal Objects of Deceased Are Disposed of with Corps or Ggiven to Other Groups or Put off Sight and Use for Substantional Amount of Time Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=44; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 8 0 No 36 1 Yes 327 NA NA SCCS.v1968. Amount of Useful Property Destroyed Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=62; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 13 0 None 9 2 2 9 4 4 2 5 5 11 6 6 6 7 7 9 8 8 2 10 10 1 11 11 309 NA NA SCCS.v1969. Name Taboo Present Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 19 0 No taboo 1 1 1 2 2 2 4 4 Name taboo present and permanent 3 6 6 1 7 7 10 8 8 331 NA NA SCCS.v1970. Dwelling or Room of Deceased Abandoned at Least Temporarily Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=51; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 35 0 No 16 1 Yes 320 NA NA SCCS.v1971. Temporary or Permanent Camp or Village Abandonment Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 46 0 No 6 1 Yes 319 NA NA SCCS.v1973. Cleansing of Widows Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=26; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 9 0 Absent 4 2 Possibly present 13 4 Definitely present 345 NA NA SCCS.v1974. Ghost Feared Those of People Best Known Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=26; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 1 0 Absent 6 1 Possibly present 19 2 Definitely present 345 NA NA SCCS.v1975. Initial Funeral Ceremonies, Attendance Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique values=29 Stat Value nobs 57 mean 84.667 min 8 max 325 sd 53.602 SCCS.v1976. Final Funeral Ceremonies, Attendance Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=25; Number of unique values=19 Freq Value Description 1 5 5 1 13 13 2 28 28 1 35 35 1 39 39 1 50 50 1 51 51 1 65 65 2 69 69 1 75 75 1 88 88 1 90 90 1 107 107 2 125 125 1 138 138 2 175 175 2 200 200 2 225 225 1 999 999 or more 346 NA NA SCCS.v1977. Mourning: Duration, Widowers Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=29; Number of unique values=22 Freq Value Description 1 2 2 1 3 3 1 13 13 1 23 23 1 28 28 1 29 29 2 30 30 1 32 32 1 38 38 1 53 53 1 90 90 1 92 92 1 120 120 1 183 183 1 185 185 1 191 191 1 281 281 6 365 365 2 456 456 1 523 523 1 548 548 1 822 822 342 NA NA SCCS.v1978. Mourning: Duration, Widows Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique values=29 Stat Value nobs 40 mean 296.575 min 2 max 913 sd 224.786 SCCS.v1980. Final Ceremonies Present or Absent Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=52; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 14 0 Absent 38 1 Present 319 NA NA SCCS.v1981. Series of Final Ceremonies Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=24; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 12 0 No 12 1 Yes 347 NA NA SCCS.v1982. Final Ceremonies Coincide with Annual Death Ceremonies Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=22; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 21 0 No 1 1 Yes 349 NA NA SCCS.v1983. Final Disposal of Remains at Final Ceremony Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=25; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 18 0 No 7 1 Yes 346 NA NA SCCS.v1984. Final Ceremonies Terminates Mourning Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=21; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 6 0 No 15 1 Yes 350 NA NA SCCS.v1986. Feasting at Initial Funeral Ceremonies Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=46; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 21 0 Absent 25 1 Present 325 NA NA SCCS.v1987. Games at Initial Funeral Ceremonies Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=33; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 24 0 Absent 9 1 Present 338 NA NA SCCS.v1988. Dances at Initial Funeral Ceremonies Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=38; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 27 0 Absent 11 1 Present 333 NA NA SCCS.v1990. Alcohol at Initial Funeral Ceremonies Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=35; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 20 0 Absent 15 1 Present 336 NA NA SCCS.v1991. Feasting at Final Funeral Ceremonies Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=27; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 3 0 Absent 24 1 Present 344 NA NA SCCS.v1997. Degree of Christian Influence Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=67; Number of unique values=11 Freq Value Description 45 0 None 2 2 2 5 10 10 2 15 15 1 20 20 4 30 30 2 40 40 1 45 45 2 60 60 2 70 70 1 80 Entirely Christian 304 NA NA SCCS.v1998. Belief in Reincarnation of Deceased Adults Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=53; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 33 0 None 2 1 1 6 2 2 3 3 3 9 4 Strong belief 318 NA NA SCCS.v2000. Age of Marriage, Females N Is 35 Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=35; Number of unique values=26 Freq Value Description 1 8.2 8.2 1 9 9 1 11.5 11.5 1 12 12 1 12.5 12.5 2 13 13 2 13.3 13.3 1 13.5 13.5 1 13.8 13.8 1 14.2 14.2 1 14.5 14.5 1 15 15 3 15.5 15.5 1 15.8 15.8 5 16 16 1 16.2 16.2 1 16.5 16.5 1 16.7 16.7 1 17.2 17.2 1 17.3 17.3 2 17.8 17.8 1 18 18 1 18.5 18.5 1 20.3 20.3 1 20.5 20.5 1 25.3 25.3 336 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Andrey Korotayev and Daria Khaltourina. Andrey Korotayev. 2004. World Religions and Social Evolution of the Old World Oikumene Civilizations: A Cross-cultural Perspective. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v2001. Deep Islamization/Christianization (1806) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 161 1 Neither 19 2 Deep Islamization 6 3 Deep Chrisianization 185 NA NA SCCS.v2002. World Religions (1807) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 116 1 Indigenous religion 19 2 Deep Islamization 6 3 Deep Christianization 7 4 Superficial Islamization 24 5 Superficial Christianization 6 6 Mahayana Buddhism 2 7 Hinayana Buddhism 2 8 Vajrayana Buddhism 4 9 Hinduism 185 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Snarey, John R. 1996. The Natural Environment's Impact upon Religious Ethics: A Cross-Cultural Study. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 35(2):85-96. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v2003. Rain Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 111 1 >40in/year 58 2 Moderate 17 3 <10in/year 185 NA NA SCCS.v2004. Terrain Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 44 1 Surface Water 37 2 Moderate 105 3 Surface H20 Scarce 185 NA NA SCCS.v2005. Water Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 126 1 Neither Rain nor Surface H2O high 60 2 Either Rain or Surface H20 high 185 NA NA SCCS.v2006. Missions Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 73 1 Premissionized 113 2 Missionized 185 NA NA SCCS.v2007. Higod4 Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 69 1 Absent 51 2 Present, inactive, unconcerned 23 3 Present, active, unconcerned with humans 43 4 Present, active, supportive of morality 185 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Karen Paige Ericksen and Heather Horton. 1992. "Blood Feuds": Cross-Cultural Variations in Kin Group Vengeance . Cross-Cultural Research 26(1-4): 57-85 ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v2008. Legitimacy of Kin Group Vengeance Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=168; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 38 1 Moral Imperative 14 2 Most Appropriate 18 3 Circumstantial 20 4 Last Resort 63 5 Formal Adjudication Only 15 6 Individual Self-Redress 203 NA NA SCCS.v2009. Target of Kin Group Vengeance Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 77 0 Not applicable: Category 5 or 6 for Legitimacy of Kin Group Vengence 36 1 Anyone in the malefactors kin group 23 2 The malefactor if possible; otherwise, selected members of his kin group 24 3 The malefactor only 211 NA NA SCCS.v2010. Internal War (Variant of Nammour 1974 Variable - 891) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=147; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 16 1 Chronic 49 2 Sporadic 82 3 Infrequent 224 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: BEYOND WAR Douglas P. Fry. 2007. Beyond War: The Human Potential for Peace. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v2011. Warfare [fry_war] (Armed Conflict between Political Communities) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 167 1 Nonhunters or Warfare (Armed conflict between political communities) 19 2 No warfare (No Armed conflict between political communities) 185 NA NA SCCS.v2012. Hunters and Gatherers Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 21 1 Simple hunters (and getherers): Nomadic and egalitarian, lack ranked social hierarchies and well-defined positions of leadership and authority 14 2 Complex hunters (and getherers): Nomadism partial or lacking, and may have elaborate economic and political status differences, rank-distinctions and chiefs 151 3 Other 185 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Sanderson, Stephen K., and Wesley W. Roberts. 2008. The Evolutionary Forms of the Religious Life: A Cross-Cultural, Quantitative Analysis. American Anthropologist 110(4):454-466. 454-466. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v2013. Stages of Religious Evolution Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=176; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 8 -1 Too missionized 30 1 Shamanistic 89 2 Communal 12 3 Polytheistic 37 4 Monotheistic 195 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Ralph B. Hupka and James M. Ryan. 1990. The Cultural Contribution To Jealousy: Cross-Cultural Aggression in Sexual Jealousy Situations. Cross-Cultural Research 24(1-4): 51-71. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v2014. Male Jealousy: Reactions to a an Adulterous Wife Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=79; Number of unique values=20 Freq Value Description 1 5 5 6 9 9 1 10 10 1 13 13 3 14 14 1 15 15 2 16 16 11 18 18 2 20 20 2 21 21 1 23 23 3 24 24 1 26 26 6 27 27 5 28 28 1 30 30 1 31 31 9 32 32 3 34 34 19 36 36 292 NA NA SCCS.v2015. Female Jealousy: Reactions to a an Adulterous Husband Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 1 8 8 10 9 9 2 15 15 17 18 18 1 23 23 1 24 24 3 27 27 1 32 32 1 34 34 3 36 36 331 NA NA SCCS.v2016. Pair Bonding: Marriage Bonds Difficult to Break, Importance and Necessity of Marriage Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=79; Number of unique values=24 Freq Value Description 3 2 2 1 4 4 1 6 6 1 7 7 3 8 8 2 9 9 4 10 10 4 12 12 1 13 13 2 14 14 2 15 15 1 16 16 1 17 17 7 18 18 2 20 20 6 21 21 2 22 22 10 24 24 2 26 26 6 27 27 6 28 28 5 32 32 1 34 34 6 36 36 292 NA NA SCCS.v2017. Attitudes to Progeny: Pair Bonds Strengthened by Presence of Children Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=79; Number of unique values=23 Freq Value Description 2 2 2 1 4 4 1 5 5 1 6 6 2 8 8 1 9 9 7 10 10 4 12 12 6 14 14 4 15 15 4 16 16 10 18 18 1 20 20 4 21 21 1 23 23 6 24 24 1 25 25 1 26 26 11 27 27 4 28 28 2 32 32 2 35 35 3 36 36 292 NA NA SCCS.v2018. Property: Importance of Private Ownership of Property and Severity of Punishment for Theft Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=79; Number of unique values=19 Freq Value Description 2 4 4 1 5 5 1 8 8 1 9 9 7 10 10 4 12 12 2 14 14 5 15 15 2 16 16 11 18 18 5 20 20 8 21 21 1 22 22 7 24 24 12 27 27 5 28 28 2 30 30 1 34 34 2 36 36 292 NA NA SCCS.v2019. Sexual Gratification: Extent to Which Sexual Activity Was Restricted to Matrimony Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=79; Number of unique values=22 Freq Value Description 2 1 1 3 2 2 3 3 3 2 4 4 2 5 5 4 6 6 1 8 8 1 9 9 3 10 10 3 12 12 6 15 15 1 16 16 4 18 18 2 20 20 1 21 21 1 22 22 8 24 24 10 27 27 5 28 28 1 30 30 6 32 32 10 36 36 292 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Pryor, Frederic L. 2003. Economic Systems of Foragers. Cross-Cultural Research 37(4):393-426. http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/Economics/fpryor1/ ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v2020. Economic System, Derived from Cluster Analysis. (Pryor I) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 12 1 classic foragers 13 2 transition foragers 9 3 unequal-politically foragers 13 4 unequal-socioeconomically foragers 10 5 unequal-intangibles foragers 314 NA NA SCCS.v2021. Distribution of Wealth Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 17 1 general equality 6 1.5 minor inequality 17 2 some differences in wealth 3 2.5 differences in wealth 14 3 considerable differences in wealth 314 NA NA SCCS.v2022. Food Sharing/Redistribution { Composite Variable including Both Food Shared On-the-spot Where Foraged (Weight of 1/3) and Food Shared-in-camp (Weight of 2/3) . } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique values=40 Stat Value nobs 57 mean 2.489 min 0.667 max 4 sd 0.801 SCCS.v2023. Market Exchange or Barter { Market Exchange Appears to Form a Guttman Scale: Little Internal Market Exchange Occurred in the Absence of Considerable External Market Exchange, While the Reverse Did Not Hold. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 2 1 little or no market exchange 4 1.5 some market exchange 12 2 market exchange but primarily with few external traders 8 2.5 market exchange with some external traders 11 3 market exchange with many external agents 2 3.5 external market exchange with incipient internal market exchange 10 4 external market exchange plus some internal market exchange as well 4 4.5 external and internal market exchange 4 5 considerable internal and external market exchange. 314 NA NA SCCS.v2024. Taxation or Tribute Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 47 0 political leader had no special rights to part of foraging produce of others 1 0.5 political leader has very limited special rights to part of foraging produce of others 9 1 political leader had special rights to part of foraging produce of others, which can either be redistributed or kept for personal use. 314 NA NA SCCS.v2025. Possession of Land { Composite Variable Running from 0 through 4, Coding the Degree to Which Groups and Persons Claimed Exclusive Rights to Land. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 5 0 0 2 0.5 0.5 14 1 1 22 2 2 3 2.5 2.5 6 3 3 4 4 4 1 5 5 314 NA NA SCCS.v2026. Food Storage Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 21 1 no storage or short-term storage (for several days) or storage only of luxury foods 1 1.5 storage less than seasonal only 29 2 food storage in one season to last over other seasons for nourishment purposes 2 2.5 food storage very rarely more than a year 4 3 food storage covering more than a years nourishment needs (surplus could be used for other purposes such as ceremonial use). 314 NA NA SCCS.v2027. Slave Holding Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 40 1 no slaves at focus date 1 1.5 war captives taken, but treated well 9 2 presence of slaves, but usually held only by elite 2 2.5 presence of slaves, more than elite can hold 5 3 presence of slaves and all could hold. 314 NA NA SCCS.v2028. Property in Intangibles, Especially Curing Techniques Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 7 1 knowledge widely shared 1 1.5 some knowledge widely shared, other specialized but economically unimportant to owner 14 2 knowledge specialized but economically unimportant to owner 11 2.5 knowledge specialized, but only some serves as important source of income 24 3 knowledge specialized and constituted an important source of income 314 NA NA SCCS.v2029. Extent of Bridewealth Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 40 1 none, small gifts, mutual exchange of gifts, or a substitute form of compensation such as bride service 2 1.5 insignificant bridewealth, and only used by some persons 7 2 some, but not significant wealth involved 8 3 significant wealth involved 314 NA NA SCCS.v2030. Inheritance of Movable Property Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 10 1 very little; most movable property destroyed or buried with corpse 7 1.5 little inherited 20 2 some property inherited, some destroyed or buried 5 2.5 most property inherited 15 3 significant share of movable property inherited 314 NA NA SCCS.v2031. Territoriality and Predominant Unit of Land Holding Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 6 0 no significant territoriality 1 0.5 only weak claims to territory, by tribe as a whole 14 1 territory claimed by tribe as a whole 1 2 territory claimed by subgroups of tribe larger than the band 26 3 territory claimed by band or local group 7 4 territory claimed by extended family, gens, or clan 2 5 territory claimed by small families or individuals 314 NA NA SCCS.v2032. Importance of Private Land Holding by Individuals or Families Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 25 1 private land either nonexistent, unimportant, or casual 3 1.5 rarely, sites held private 18 2 particular (non-critical) areas or sites held private, such as individual trees 4 2.5 a few larger areas held privately 5 3 large areas held privately, but also some large community land 2 4 most land divided privately (individuals or families) 314 NA NA SCCS.v2033. Political Centralization: Composite Variable Running from 0 through 4 { Equally Weighting the Political Leaders Relative Wealth; the Power of the Political Leader (Leader Was Weak and Operated Though Influence, Weak and Worked with a Council, Strong but Worked with a Council, Strong and Ruled Alone) ; the Formal Nature of Political Leadership (Leadership Was Informal, Leader Selected in Semi-formal or Formal Process, or Leadership Inherited) ; and Extent of Power (Strictly Local, over Several Local Groups, or over Tribe) . } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique values=19 Freq Value Description 17 0 0 3 0.25 0.25 4 0.5 0.5 2 0.75 0.75 2 0.833333333 0.833333333 1 0.916666667 0.916666667 7 1 1 1 1.166666667 1.166666667 1 1.416666667 1.416666667 7 1.5 1.5 1 1.583333333 1.583333333 1 1.75 1.75 1 1.833333333 1.833333333 3 2 2 1 2.25 2.25 1 2.333333333 2.333333333 2 3 3 1 3.166666667 3.166666667 1 3.25 3.25 314 NA NA SCCS.v2034. Social Differentiation of Free Individuals (I. E., excluding Slaves) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 31 1 general egalitarianism 5 1.5 some social ranking 10 2 individuals or families ranked 6 2.5 social ranking important 5 3 at least two distinct classes with considerable inheritance of status. There were no societies with castes. 314 NA NA SCCS.v2035. Fixity of Residence/Nomadism { The Basic Distinction Is between Societies with and without Permanent Homes. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 12 1 Society without permanent homes, roaming the entire year 1 1.5 Society either roams the entire year, or uses temporary stationary encampment for some months 15 2 Society has temporary stationary encampment for some months and roams the remainder of the year 3 2.5 Society is nomadic part of the year; it either has permanent homes, or uses temporary stationary encampment 8 3 Society has permanent homes, but is nomadic for part of the year 3 4 Society moves between two or more permanent homes 15 5 Society had single permanent home for many years 314 NA NA SCCS.v2036. Average Population Size of Most Significant Local Group Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 23 1 1 to 50 5 1.5 1 to 99 4 2 50 to 99 8 2.5 50 to 149 1 3 100 to 149 5 4 150 to 199 3 4.5 150 to 249 1 5 200 to 249 1 5.5 200 to over 250 6 6 over 250 314 NA NA SCCS.v2037. Contact with the West, during the Pinpointed Year Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 24 1 relatively little contact with white traders, missionaries, or officials 13 1.5 contact, but too little to have important impact on the economy 20 2 sufficient contact with white traders, missionaries, or officials to have an important impact on the economy. 314 NA NA SCCS.v2038. Presence of Gambling Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 31 1 none 2 1.5 gambling occurred among some groups of the society but not others 5 2 some 3 2.5 gambling occurred but its importance is difficult to judge 16 3 considerable. 314 NA NA SCCS.v2039. Presence of Potlatch { Potlatch Covers Those Ceremonies in Which Large Quantities of Property Are given Away or Destroyed by the Owner to Demonstrate the Owners Wealth and Thus Prestige. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 49 1 not present 6 2 present but property given away and not destroyed 2 3 property either given away or destroyed. 314 NA NA SCCS.v2040. Rights in Women Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 23 1 women have sole right to choose own husband 13 1.5 women and family jointly choose her husband 18 2 family has dominant rights in selecting a womans husband 1 2.5 family and men jointly determine a mans wife 2 3 men in the family use their rights in determining a womans husband to obtain a spouse for themselves. 314 NA NA SCCS.v2041. Transportation of Stored Food Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 18 1 no storage or stored food carried on back 39 2 use of horses, sleds, or boats to transport stored foods 314 NA NA SCCS.v2042. Demand-sharing Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=56; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 8 1 yes, if an article was requested in some way, it was usually handed over. This could occur in the form either of direct asking, considerable scrounging, or tolerated theft. 2 1.5 widespread demand sharing, but more pronounced for certain goods 20 2 demand sharing occurred only for certain goods, for instance, food 1 2.5 sometimes sharing, sometimes reciprocity 5 3 demand reciprocity - if an article was requested, the recipient gave a gift before asking 4 4 only the chief or leader required to honor requests 1 4.5 even chief or leader rarely required to honor requests 15 5 no demand-sharing. 315 NA NA SCCS.v2043. Carneiro Complexity Measure Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique values=29 Stat Value nobs 57 mean 43.877 min 7 max 332 sd 51.56 ============================================================ SOURCE: Appendices to Frederic L. Pryor, 2005. Economic Systems of Foraging, Agriculture, and Industrial Societies. New York: Cambridge University Press. http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/Economics/fpryor1/ ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v2044. Economic System (Pryor II) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 8 1 herding plus economic system 14 2 egalitarian farming economic system 5 3 individualistic farming economic system 13 4 semi-marketized farming economic system. 331 NA NA SCCS.v2045. Communal or Private Ownership of Fields Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 1 0 No ownership or individual use rights recognized 5 1 communal fields, individual use rights not recognized 2 1.5 communal fields, individual use rights partially recognized 2 2 communal fields, individual use rights recognized 4 3 fields owned by large family unit (clan, gens, sib), use rights assigned to individuals 3 3.5 fields owned both by large family unit (clan, gens, sib), and by individuals or small family unit 23 4 fields owned by individuals or small family unit 1 5 strongest form of fields owned by individuals or small family unit 330 NA NA SCCS.v2046. Individual Use Rights to Fields, Bounded or Absolute Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 3 0 no use rights over land recognized 5 1 land communally held or held by large kin groups, and use directed by headman or kin-group head 12 2 land rights held by individual or small family unit, but community or large kin group can regulate sale or intervene in other ways 6 2.5 land rights held by individual or small family unit, some regulation by larger community 15 3 land rights held by individual or small family unit, and neither community nor large kin group intervenes. 330 NA NA SCCS.v2047. Individual Ownership of Unfarmed but Usable (Empty) Lands Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 2 0 empty lands open to all 1 0.5 empty lands in some cases open to all, in other cases assigned by community leaders 19 1 empty lands and meadows held by community or large kin group directed by leaders of community or kin group, and individual rights assigned when needed. 1 1.5 empty lands in some cases assigned by community leaders, in other cases controlled by individuals or small family unit 17 2 empty lands held and controlled by individuals or small family unit. 331 NA NA SCCS.v2048. Rate of Land Rents Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 17 1 no rents 3 1.5 in some cases no rents, in others middle range rents (up to 25% of crop) 6 2 middle range rents (up to 25% of crop) 2 2.5 some rents below 25%, some between 25 and 50% of crop 6 3 rents between 25 and 50 % of crop 7 3.5 some rents between 25 and 50% of crop, some over 50% 330 NA NA SCCS.v2049. Tenancy Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 15 1 use rights or ownership almost always by actual farmer or herder 5 1.5 land mostly used by owners, but it appears that some lands rented 10 2 some lands rented 5 2.5 between some and most lands rented 4 3 most lands rented 1 4 most land farmed by hired or unfree laborers (considered as a form of tenancy). 331 NA NA SCCS.v2050. Mutual Aid in Farming or Herding Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=38; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 9 0 farming done usually by individuals or small family groups with little outside help from friends, neighbors, or relatives 14 0.5 both self-sufficient households and labor exchanges among households 15 1 considerable mutual aid or labor exchanges. 333 NA NA SCCS.v2051. Work-coordination Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 12 0 each individual farmer or herder works on own schedule 5 0.5 slight evidence of coordination among autonomous households 5 1 farming or herding activities coordinated to a certain degree because of the exigencies of irrigation or grazing 2 1.5 coordination among households beyond exigencies of irrigation or grazing 15 2 extensive coordination of agricultural activities of individual farmers or herders. 332 NA NA SCCS.v2052. Unfree Labor in the Last Two Centuries Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 18 1 none 2 1.5 very minor slavery or serfdom 12 2 some slavery or serfdom, but not extensive 5 2.5 moderate to extensive slavery or serfdom 4 3 extensive use of slave or serf labor. 330 NA NA SCCS.v2053. Unfree Labor at the Pinpointed Date Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 34 1 none 1 1.5 very minor slavery or serfdom 4 2 some slavery or serfdom, but not extensive 1 2.5 moderate to extensive slavery or serfdom 1 3 extensive use of slave or serf labor. 330 NA NA SCCS.v2054. Inheritance by All Children or Primogeniture, Considering Only the Inheritance of Land (in a Cultivating Society) or Herds (in a Herding Society) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 3 0 no inheritance 7 1 inheritance split among all children 8 1.5 inheritance sometimes split among all children, sometimes among children of one sex 11 2 inheritance split among children of one sex 10 2.5 inheritance sometimes split among children of one sex, sometimes primarily by one child 2 3 inheritance primarily by one child. 330 NA NA SCCS.v2055. Central Redistribution of Food, Either by the Headman, the Big Man, a Clan Leader, or a Church Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 22 1 little such redistribution 8 1.5 little to moderate redistribution 8 2 moderate redistribution 2 3 considerable redistribution. 331 NA NA SCCS.v2056. Trade of Goods with Other Communities Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 1 1 not important 2 1.5 very minor importance 8 2 somewhat important (roughly 5% of total production of goods) 5 2.5 important 24 3 very important (more than 10% of total production of goods). 331 NA NA SCCS.v2057. Intra-community Trade of Goods Made within the Community and Traded with Other Community Members Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 13 1 not important 12 1.5 very minor importance 2 2 somewhat important (roughly 5% of total production of goods) 3 2.5 important 9 3 very important (more than 10% of total production of goods). 332 NA NA SCCS.v2058. Importance of Wage Labor outside the Community Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 14 1 little such activity 9 1.5 very minor importance 5 2 somewhat important (roughly 5% of the total labor supply) 2 2.5 important 10 3 very important (roughly 10 %of more of the total labor supply) 331 NA NA SCCS.v2059. Importance of Wage Labor inside the Community Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 11 1 little such activity 9 1.5 very minor importance 6 2 somewhat important (roughly 5% of the total labor supply) 1 2.5 important 14 3 very important (roughly 10 %of more of the total labor supply) 330 NA NA SCCS.v2060. Interest on Loans Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=37; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 8 1 none 8 2 interest charged, but primarily on commercial loans (such as loans by moneylenders) 7 2.5 interest charged, primarily commercial, but occasionally on personal loans 14 3 interest charged on most loans, commercial or personal (except from close relatives). 334 NA NA SCCS.v2061. Inequality of Wealth in the Form of Land Holdings and Herds Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 1 1 general equality 10 2 some differences in wealth 8 2.5 differences in wealth 21 3 considerable differences in wealth. 331 NA NA SCCS.v2062. Relative Wealth of Political Leaders in the Community Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 10 1 local political leader has little more wealth than others 7 1.5 local political leader has more wealth than others, but not among the wealthiest in the community 22 2 local political leader among the wealthiest in community. 332 NA NA SCCS.v2063. Social Inequality of Free Population Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 1 1 general egalitarianism 6 1.5 some social ranking, but not that important 14 2 social ranking important 2 2.5 social ranking very important 18 3 at least two distinct classes or castes, other than slaves and royalty. 330 NA NA SCCS.v2064. Presence of Irrigation Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 17 0 no irrigation 3 0.5 some use of irrigation 21 1 considerable use of irrigation. 330 NA NA SCCS.v2065. Political Centralization { Unweighted Average Of: Relative Wealth of Local Political Leader, Power of Local Leader, Selection of Political Leader, Extent of Local Political Hierarchy, and Level of Sovereignty-Each Scaled from 0 (Low Centralization) to 4 (High Centralization) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique values=32 Stat Value nobs 41 mean 1.885 min 0.3 max 4 sd 0.953 SCCS.v2066. Number of Persons in Community Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique values=12 Freq Value Description 3 1 1 to 50 1 1.5 1 to 99 3 2 50 to 99 1 2.5 50 to 149 2 3 100 to 149 3 4 150 to 199 3 4.5 150 to 249 3 6.5 250 to 399 3 7 300 to 399 2 8 400 to 500 1 8.5 400 to over 500 16 9 over 500 330 NA NA SCCS.v2067. Capital Intensity of Production { One Point Each for the Presence of Plows, Irrigation, Terracing, and Fertilization. One Point for 15 to 35% Reliance on Animal Husbandry for Food; Two Points for 35 to 65% Reliance; Three Points for 65 to 85% Reliance; and Four Points for 85% or More Reliance. the Total Capital Intensity Was the Sum of These Two Calculations, but Truncated at 4. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=41; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 3 0 0 1 0.5 0.5 1 1.5 1.5 5 2 2 1 2.5 2.5 5 3 3 25 4 4 330 NA NA SCCS.v2068. Form of Rent Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=40; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 16 0 no rent 2 1 payment in labor 5 2 fixed payment in crops (often simply a symbolic rent) 1 2.5 sometimes fixed payment in crops, sometimes share in crops 13 3 payment in a share of the crop 3 4 fixed money rent 331 NA NA SCCS.v2069. Presence of Gambling. (Pryor II) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=38; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 1 0 none 21 1 little or none 4 1.5 occasional 6 2 some 4 2.5 frequent 2 3 considerable 333 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Chick, Garry, and John W. Loy. Making Men of Them: Male Socialization for Warfare and Combative Sports. World Cultures 12, no. 1 (2001): 2-17. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v2070. Combative Sports 56: Number of individual combative sports reported Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 52 0 None reported 37 1 One reported 14 2 Two reported 5 3 Three reported 2 4 Four reported 261 NA NA SCCS.v2072. Combative Sports 58: Level of aggression in indvcs Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 25 1 Body contact but no mention of frequency of injuries 3 2 Weapons used but no mention of frequency of injuries 1 3 Body contact resulting in few or no injuries 4 5 Body contact resulting in frequent and/or severe injuries 3 6 Weapons used resulting in frequent and/or severe injuries 74 8 No information on frequency or severity of injuries 261 NA NA SCCS.v2074. Combative Sports 60: Participants in individual combative sports Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 15 1 Men only 13 2 Men and boys 5 3 Boys only 2 5 Mixed groups (M&F) 75 8 Insufficient information to determine participation 261 NA NA SCCS.v2076. Combative Sports 62: Number of team combative sports reported Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 75 0 No team combative sports reported 23 1 One ream combative sport reported 8 2 Two team combative sports reported 4 3 Three team combative sports reported 261 NA NA SCCS.v2078. Combative Sports 64: Level of aggression in team combative sports Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 2 1 Body contact but no mention of frequency of injuries 4 2 Weapons used but no mention of frequency of injuries 1 3 Body contact resulting in few or no injuries 1 4 Use of weapons largely symbolic, few or no injuries 4 5 Violent body contact, frequent and/or severe injuries 3 6 Weapons used resulting in frequent and/or severe injuries 95 8 No information on frequency or severity of injuries 261 NA NA SCCS.v2080. Combative Sports 66: Participants in team combative sports Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 3 1 Men only 2 2 Men and boys 5 3 Boys only 2 4 Women only 8 5 Mixed groups (M&F) 90 8 No information on participants in team combative sports 261 NA NA SCCS.v2082. Combative Sports 68: Number of sham combats reported Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 76 0 None reported 24 1 One reported 8 2 Two reported 1 3 Three reported 1 4 Four reported 261 NA NA SCCS.v2084. Combative Sports 70: Level of aggression in sham combats Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 1 1 Body contact but no mention of frequency of injuries 16 2 Weapons used but no mention of frequency of injuries 5 4 Use of weapons largely symbolic, few or no injuries 6 6 Use of weapons resulting in frequent and/or severe injuries 82 8 No information on frequency or severity of injuries 261 NA NA SCCS.v2086. Combative Sports 72: Participants, sham combats Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 7 1 Men only 8 2 Men and boys 9 3 Boys only 1 5 Mixed groups (M&F) 83 8 No information on participants in team combative sports 2 9 Confusing or contradictory information 261 NA NA SCCS.v2088. Combative Sports 74: Number of non combative sports reported Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique values=11 Freq Value Description 19 0 None reported 22 1 One reported 22 2 Two reported 13 3 Three reported 10 4 Four reported 6 5 Five reported 6 6 Six reported 5 7 Seven reported 3 8 Eight reported 1 9 Nine reported 3 10 Ten reported 261 NA NA SCCS.v2090. Combative Sports 76: Participants in non combative sports Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 12 1 Men only 18 2 Men and boys 7 3 Boys only 1 4 Women only 16 5 Mixed groups (M&F) 56 8 No information on participants in non combative sports 261 NA NA SCCS.v2092. Combative Sports 78: Combative sport present (0-1 var from #56, #62, #68) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 28 0 Absent 82 1 Present 261 NA NA SCCS.v2093. Combative Sports 79: Total number of sports reported (sum of #56,#62,#68,#74) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=110; Number of unique values=14 Freq Value Description 9 0 0 10 1 1 17 2 2 15 3 3 13 4 4 10 5 5 8 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 8 6 9 9 1 10 10 3 11 11 1 12 12 3 14 14 261 NA NA SCCS.v2094. Combative Sports 80: Proportion of individual combative sports (#56 / #79) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=101; Number of unique values=20 Freq Value Description 43 0 0 2 0.071 0.071 1 0.091 0.091 1 0.1 0.1 1 0.111 0.111 2 0.125 0.125 3 0.143 0.143 4 0.167 0.167 1 0.182 0.182 5 0.2 0.2 1 0.222 0.222 4 0.25 0.25 2 0.286 0.286 10 0.333 0.333 2 0.375 0.375 2 0.4 0.4 1 0.429 0.429 8 0.5 0.5 3 0.667 0.667 5 1 1 270 NA NA SCCS.v2095. Combative Sports 81: Proportion of team combative sports (#62 / #79) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=101; Number of unique values=17 Freq Value Description 66 0 0 2 0.071 0.071 1 0.083 0.083 1 0.111 0.111 2 0.125 0.125 1 0.143 0.143 2 0.167 0.167 2 0.182 0.182 3 0.2 0.2 1 0.214 0.214 8 0.25 0.25 1 0.286 0.286 4 0.333 0.333 1 0.4 0.4 1 0.429 0.429 4 0.5 0.5 1 1 1 270 NA NA SCCS.v2096. Combative Sports 82: Proportion of sham combats (#68 / #79) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=101; Number of unique values=15 Freq Value Description 67 0 0 1 0.071 0.071 1 0.083 0.083 1 0.111 0.111 2 0.125 0.125 3 0.143 0.143 3 0.167 0.167 1 0.182 0.182 6 0.2 0.2 3 0.222 0.222 2 0.25 0.25 3 0.333 0.333 6 0.5 0.5 1 0.667 0.667 1 1 1 270 NA NA SCCS.v2097. Combative Sports 83: Proportion of non combative sports (#74 / #79) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=101; Number of unique values=27 Stat Value nobs 101 mean 0.6 min 0 max 1 sd 0.303 ============================================================ SOURCE: Stephans, W.N. 1962 The Oedipus complex. Glencoe, Ill., Free Press. p305 Appendix 2 ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v2098. Severity of sex training [measured as strength of + (presence) and - (absence)] Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=25; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 12 -1 Absence 13 1 Presence 346 NA NA SCCS.v2099. Pregnancy sex taboo [measured as strength of + (presence) and - (absence)] Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=20; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 10 -1 Absence 10 1 Presence 351 NA NA SCCS.v2100. Sexual intercourse before marriage prohibited [measured as strength of + (presence) and - (absence)] Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=21; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 13 -1 Absence 8 1 Presence 350 NA NA SCCS.v2102. Sexual avoidance therapy [measured as strength of + (presence) and - (absence)] Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=26; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 20 -1 Absence 6 1 Presence 345 NA NA SCCS.v2103. Sexual explanations for Illness [measured as strength of + (presence) and - (absence)] Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=29; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 16 -1 Absence 13 1 Presence 342 NA NA SCCS.v2104. Stephans summative scoring, leaving blank those cases where there are too few indicators to form a sum Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=24; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 2 -5 -5 7 -4 -4 1 -3 -3 3 -2 -2 3 -1 -1 2 0 0 3 2 2 2 4 4 1 5 5 347 NA NA SCCS.v2105. Doug White's summative scoring for all cases Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=33; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 3 -5 -5 6 -4 -4 1 -3 -3 4 -2 -2 6 -1 -1 3 0 0 6 2 2 1 3 3 2 4 4 1 5 5 338 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Rosenblatt, Paul C.Marital Residence and the Functions of Romantic Love. Ethnology 6, no. 4 (October 1, 1967): 471-480. doi:10.2307/3772832. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v2106. Romantic Love Ratings (Rosenblatt 1965) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=51; Number of unique values=18 Freq Value Description 1 1 1 5 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 7 6 6 2 7 7 1 8 8 2 9 9 3 10 10 4 11 11 5 13 13 3 14 14 2 15 15 1 16 16 2 17 17 4 18 18 3 19 19 1 20 20 320 NA NA SCCS.v2107. Premarital Sex (Rosenblatt 1965) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=42; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 19 0 Disapproved/prohibited 23 1 Allowed/tolerated 329 NA NA SCCS.v2108. Extramarital Sex (Rosenblatt 1965) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=38; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 9 1 Allowed for both 11 2 Allowed for husband only 18 3 Prohibited for both 333 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Aronoff, Joel. Parental Nurturance in the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample Theory, Coding, and Scores. Cross-Cultural Research 46, no. 4 (November 1, 2012): 315-347. doi:10.1177/1069397112450851. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v2109. Parental Nurturance Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=130; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 5 2 Parental behavior is most harmful to childrens emotional development 9 3 Harmful parental behavior is less intense than maximally negative 19 4 Most parental behavior is harmful but appears at a more moderate level 29 5 Although some positive parental factors may appear, childrens growth is largely restricted 17 6 Parental behavior is a compound of moderately positive and negative factors 9 7 Although largely a positive collection of parental skills, a specific negative factor may appear 33 8 An optimally respectful cluster of warm, attentive, and stable parental care 9 9 The engagement of parents in nurturing involvements appears more deeply and consistently 241 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: BACON, Margaret K.; Herbert BARRY III; Irvin L. CHILD; Charles R. SNYDER. 1965 A cross-cultural study of drinking, Quarterly journal of alcohol studies (special issue), Supplement 3. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v2110. Alcohol: Amount Consumed Male Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=48; Number of unique values=11 Freq Value Description 5 0 none 1 1 none to very small amounts 1 5 small to moderate amounts 5 6 moderate but less than average 6 7 less than average 7 8 average 3 9 average to somewhat above average 5 10 somewhat above average 6 11 above average 8 12 large amounts 1 13 large to very large amounts 323 NA NA SCCS.v2112. Alcohol: Frequency of Drunkeness Male Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=45; Number of unique values=13 Freq Value Description 4 0 nonexistent 1 1 nonexistent to very rare 2 3 very rare to unusual 5 4 does occur but unusual 4 5 unusual to occasional 2 6 not unusual but less than average 4 8 average in frequency and degree 2 9 average to somewhat above average 2 10 somewhat above average 3 11 above average 7 12 considerably more frequent than average 6 13 very frequent but not extreme 3 14 extreme 326 NA NA SCCS.v2114. Alcohol: Extent of Problem Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=43; Number of unique values=13 Freq Value Description 1 0 no problem 1 1 none to insignificant 2 2 very slight if any 6 3 slight problem 3 4 some problem but not severe 3 5 noticeable problem 4 6 moderate problem 2 7 moderate to considerable problem 3 8 considerable problem 3 9 considerable to severe problem 5 10 severe problem 5 11 severe to very severe problem 5 12 very severe problem 328 NA NA SCCS.v2115. Alcohol: Extent of Procurement Effort Male Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=42; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 2 3 very slight labor or expense devoted to beverages 2 4 slight labor or expense devoted to beverages 4 5 slight to moderate labor or expense 7 6 moderate labor or expense 7 7 moderate to considerable labor or expense 4 8 considerable outlay of labor or expense 2 9 considerable to large labor or expense 3 10 a large outlay of labor or expense 5 11 procurement verges on being a major cultural focus 6 12 a major part of cultural effort is devoted to preparing or procuring the beverages 329 NA NA SCCS.v2119. Alcohol: Boisterousness of Drinking Bouts Male Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=36; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 1 6 slightly quiet and inactive to neither loud nor quiet 3 9 slightly loud and boisterous 3 10 slightly to moderately loud and boisterous 9 11 moderately loud and boisterous 6 12 moderately to very loud and boisterous 8 13 very loud and boisterous 6 14 extremely loud and boisterous 335 NA NA SCCS.v2121. Alcohol: Approval of Drinking Male Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=44; Number of unique values=11 Freq Value Description 1 2 very strong disapproval 1 5 strong to mild disapproval 1 6 mild disapproval 2 7 mild disapproval to indifference 1 8 attitude is one of indifference 2 9 indifference to mild approval 1 10 mild approval 2 11 mild to strong approval 10 12 strong approval 11 13 strong to very strong approval 12 14 very strong approval 327 NA NA SCCS.v2123. Alcohol: Approval of Drunkeness Male Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=39; Number of unique values=11 Freq Value Description 4 2 very strong disapproval 3 3 very strong to strong disapproval 3 4 strong disapproval 1 5 strong to mild disapproval 3 6 mild disapproval 3 7 mild disapproval to indifference 4 10 mild approval 7 11 mild to strong approval 4 12 strong approval 6 13 strong to very strong approval 1 14 very strong approval 332 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Douglas R. White 2013 ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v2125. Importance of Wage Labor inside the Community or outside (If Return Migration) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=156; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 66 1 little such activity 28 2 some important (roughly 5% of total labor supply) 62 3 very important (10% or more of the total labor supply) 215 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: George P. Murdock and Caterina Provost. 1973. Factors in the Division of Labor by Sex: A Cross-Cultural Analysis. Ethnology 12: 203-225. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v2126. Food Collection: Vegetal (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=179; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 10 0 absent 169 1 present 192 NA NA SCCS.v2127. Food Collection: Insects, and/or Small Land Fauna (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=133; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 18 0 absent 115 1 present 238 NA NA SCCS.v2128. Food Collection: Shellfish/Small Aquatic Fauna (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 85 0 absent 77 1 present 209 NA NA SCCS.v2129. Food Collection: Honey (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=106; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 38 0 absent 68 1 present 265 NA NA SCCS.v2130. Food Collection: Fowling (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=157; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 16 0 absent 141 1 present 214 NA NA SCCS.v2131. Food Collection: Fishing (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 29 0 absent 153 1 present 189 NA NA SCCS.v2132. Food Collection: Trapping (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=171; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 20 0 absent 151 1 present 200 NA NA SCCS.v2133. Food Collection: Large Land Fauna (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 36 0 absent 144 1 present 191 NA NA SCCS.v2134. Food Collection: Large Aquatic Fauna (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=177; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 127 0 absent 50 1 present 194 NA NA SCCS.v2135. Food Production: Land Clearance (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=184; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 44 0 absent 140 1 present 187 NA NA SCCS.v2136. Food Production: Soil Preparation (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=184; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 49 0 absent 135 1 present 187 NA NA SCCS.v2137. Food Production: Planting (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 44 0 absent 141 1 present 186 NA NA SCCS.v2138. Food Production: Crop Tending (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 48 0 absent 134 1 present 189 NA NA SCCS.v2139. Food Production: Harvesting (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 44 0 absent 141 1 present 186 NA NA SCCS.v2140. Food Production: Small Domestic Animals (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 13 0 absent 167 1 present 191 NA NA SCCS.v2141. Food Production: Large Domestic Animals (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=184; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 76 0 absent 108 1 present 187 NA NA SCCS.v2142. Food Production: Milking (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 127 0 absent 58 1 present 186 NA NA SCCS.v2143. Food Preparation: Vegetal: Food Preparation (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=178; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 2 0 absent 176 1 present 193 NA NA SCCS.v2144. Food Preparation: Butchering (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=167; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 8 0 absent 159 1 present 204 NA NA SCCS.v2145. Food Preparation: Preservation (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=161; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 31 0 absent 130 1 present 210 NA NA SCCS.v2146. Food Preparation: Drinks (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 37 0 absent 133 1 present 201 NA NA SCCS.v2147. Food Preparation: Dairy (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=178; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 130 0 absent 48 1 present 193 NA NA SCCS.v2149. Extractive Industries: Mining/Quarrying (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=147; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 106 0 absent 41 1 present 224 NA NA SCCS.v2150. Extractive Industries: Fuel Gathering (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=179; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 1 0 absent 178 1 present 192 NA NA SCCS.v2151. Extractive Industries: Lumbering (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=169; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 14 0 absent 155 1 present 202 NA NA SCCS.v2153. Intermediate Processing: Skins (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=173; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 48 0 absent 125 1 present 198 NA NA SCCS.v2154. Intermediate Processing: Spinning (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=156; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 56 0 absent 100 1 present 215 NA NA SCCS.v2155. Intermediate Processing: Loom Weaving (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 81 0 absent 89 1 present 201 NA NA SCCS.v2156. Intermediate Processing: Smelting (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=162; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 125 0 absent 37 1 present 209 NA NA SCCS.v2157. Manufacturing: Matmaking (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=163; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 29 0 absent 134 1 present 208 NA NA SCCS.v2158. Manufacturing: Netmaking (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=155; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 45 0 absent 110 1 present 216 NA NA SCCS.v2159. Manufacturing: Basketmaking (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 21 0 absent 149 1 present 201 NA NA SCCS.v2160. Manufacturing: Rope or Cordage (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 3 0 absent 167 1 present 201 NA NA SCCS.v2161. Manufacturing: Leather (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=163; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 57 0 absent 106 1 present 208 NA NA SCCS.v2162. Manufacturing: Clothing (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=163; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 36 0 absent 127 1 present 208 NA NA SCCS.v2163. Manufacturing: Pottery (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=172; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 61 0 absent 111 1 present 199 NA NA SCCS.v2164. Manufacturing: Wood (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 1 0 absent 181 1 present 189 NA NA SCCS.v2165. Manufacturing: Bone (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=140; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 14 0 absent 126 1 present 231 NA NA SCCS.v2166. Manufacturing: Stone (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=143; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 39 0 absent 104 1 present 228 NA NA SCCS.v2167. Manufacturing: Metal (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=179; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 93 0 absent 86 1 present 192 NA NA SCCS.v2168. Manufacturing: Musical Instruments (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 8 0 absent 162 1 present 201 NA NA SCCS.v2169. Miscellaneous: Fire (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 3 0 absent 182 1 present 186 NA NA SCCS.v2170. Miscellaneous: Laundering (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=127; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 52 0 absent 75 1 present 244 NA NA SCCS.v2171. Miscellaneous: Bodily Mutilation (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=164; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 13 0 absent 151 1 present 207 NA NA SCCS.v2172. Miscellaneous: Bonesetting/Surgery (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=98; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 37 0 absent 61 1 present 273 NA NA SCCS.v2173. Miscellaneous: Burden Carrying (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=155; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 3 0 absent 152 1 present 216 NA NA SCCS.v2174. Miscellaneous: Boatbuilding (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=175; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 79 0 absent 96 1 present 196 NA NA SCCS.v2175. Miscellaneous: Housebuilding (task present==1, absent==0) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 1 0 absent 184 1 present 186 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Douglas R. White. 1988. Rethinking Polygyny: Co-Wives, Codes, and Cultural Systems. Current Anthropology 29:529-559. (project begun in collaboration with Michael L. Burton, and John W. M. Whiting). ----------------------------------------------------------- f=SCCS$v872/100 ; m=SCCS$v871/100 ; (1-f)=proportion of married females that are monogamous; (1-m)=proportion of married males that are monogamous; M=number of married males; F=number of married females; Since the number of monogomous males equals the number of monogamous females: (1-f)*F=(1-m)*M; so F/M=(1-m)/(1-f) SCCS.v2176. Mean number wives per husband (Married Women/Married Men) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=142; Number of unique values=76 Stat Value nobs 142 mean 1.349 min 1 max 8 sd 0.856 ============================================================ SOURCE: Elizabeth Cashdan and Matt Steele. 2013. Pathogen prevalence, group bias, and collectivism in the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample. Human Nature 24(1):59-75. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v2177. The sum of the individual pathogen scores (Cashdan & Steele) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=20 Freq Value 24 8 4 9 7 10 4 11 11 12 12 13 9 14 13 15 6 16 10 17 14 18 11 19 8 20 15 21 10 22 7 23 12 24 6 25 2 26 1 27 185 NA SCCS.v2178. A z-score including additional data (a finer breakdown of schistosomes and leishmanias, plus two of Low's pathogen scores) (Cashdan & Steele) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=112 Stat Value nobs 186 mean -0.001 min -0.96 max 1.32 sd 0.608 ============================================================ SOURCE: SCCS codes on Reincarnation and sources. Douglas R. White (from diverse sources), model initially analyzed and written up with Eleanor Wynn. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v2180. Classical karmic beliefs Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=100; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 46 0 Few or no beliefs in human reincarnation (including Islamic and Christian societies) 13 2 Moderate beliefs in human reincarnation 12 3 Full beliefs in human reincarnation but not Classical karmic 22 4 High beliefs in human reincarnation (large proportion on the population) but not Classical karmic 2 5 High proportion of believers in human karmic reincarnation (in the population) or beliefs split with Islam, Confucianism or non-reincarnation religion 5 6 Full beliefs in human karmic progression or regression through reincarnation (Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism, Taoism, Shintoism, and others) 271 NA NA SCCS.v2181. Range of Beliefs roughly consistent with Rosenblatt et al. codes Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=101; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 46 0 No beliefs in human reincarnation (including Islamic and Christian societies) 14 2 Moderate beliefs in human reincarnation 14 3 High proportion of believers in human karmic reincarnation (in the population) or beliefs split with Islam, Confucianism or non-reincarnation religion 27 4 Full beliefs in human reincarnation (karmic or not) 270 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Cashdan, E. (2014). Biogeography of Human Infectious Diseases: A Global Historical Analysis. PLoS ONE, 9(10), e106752. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0106752 ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v2183. Pathogen: dengue (Cashdan) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 41 1 absent 39 2 rare 52 3 moderate/sporadic 54 4 heavy/endemic 185 NA NA SCCS.v2184. Pathogen: filariae (Cashdan) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 78 1 absent 21 2 rare 46 3 moderate/sporadic 41 4 heavy/endemic 185 NA NA SCCS.v2185. Pathogen: malaria (Cashdan) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 43 1 absent 18 2 rare 40 3 moderate/sporadic 85 4 heavy/endemic 185 NA NA SCCS.v2186. Pathogen: typhus (Cashdan) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 88 1 absent 5 2 rare 49 3 moderate/sporadic 44 4 heavy/endemic 185 NA NA SCCS.v2187. Pathogen: trypanosomes (Cashdan) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 141 1 absent 25 2 rare 8 3 moderate/sporadic 12 4 heavy/endemic 185 NA NA SCCS.v2188. Pathogen: plague (Cashdan) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 135 1 absent 18 2 rare 16 3 moderate/sporadic 17 4 heavy/endemic 185 NA NA SCCS.v2189. Pathogen: leishmanias (Cashdan) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 113 1 absent 26 2 rare 28 3 moderate/sporadic 19 4 heavy/endemic 185 NA NA SCCS.v2190. Pathogen: schistosomes (Cashdan) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 124 1 absent 25 2 rare 19 3 moderate/sporadic 18 4 heavy/endemic 185 NA NA SCCS.v2191. Pathogen: eight pathogen zscore (Cashdan) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=93 Stat Value nobs 186 mean 0 min -0.92 max 1.32 sd 0.599 SCCS.v2192. Pathogen: number of pathogens present (of 10) (Cashdan) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=11 Freq Value 21 0 9 1 8 2 14 3 17 4 24 5 21 6 24 7 31 8 16 9 1 10 185 NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Bradley, C., Moore, C. C., Burton, M. L., & White, D. R. (1990). A Cross-Cultural Historical Analysis of Subsistence Change. American Anthropologist, 92(2), 447?457. ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.v2194. Occurance of subsistence change Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=87; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 14 0 no change 73 1 change 284 NA NA SCCS.v2195. Extent of subsistence change Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=87; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 14 0 no change 65 1 partial 8 2 total 284 NA NA SCCS.v2196. Agricultural intensification Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=86; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 57 0 absent 29 1 present 285 NA NA SCCS.v2197. Nonagricultural intensification Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=85; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 69 0 absent 16 1 present 286 NA NA SCCS.v2198. New crops introduced Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=85; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 63 0 no 22 1 yes 286 NA NA SCCS.v2199. new animals introduced Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=85; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 70 0 no 15 1 yes 286 NA NA SCCS.v2200. change in settlement patterns Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=85; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 67 0 absent 18 1 present 286 NA NA SCCS.v2201. expansion Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=81; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 65 0 absent 16 1 present 290 NA NA SCCS.v2202. major subsistence loss Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=87; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 61 0 absent 26 1 present 284 NA NA SCCS.v2203. wage labor introduced Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=85; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 58 0 no 27 1 yes 286 NA NA SCCS.v2204. wage labor increased Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=86; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 63 0 absent 23 1 present 285 NA NA SCCS.v2205. introduction to trade Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=85; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 63 0 no 22 1 yes 286 NA NA SCCS.v2206. trade increased Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=86; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 53 0 absent 33 1 present 285 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Hijmans, R.J., et al. 2005. Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology 25(15):1965-1978. data at http://www.worldclim.org/bioclim.htm (assigned by E. Anthon Eff) ----------------------------------------------------------- SCCS.meanalt. BIOCLIM: Mean altitude within 20 km radius (m) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=186 Stat Value nobs 186 mean 632.351 min 3.125 max 4788.215 sd 779.576 ============================================================ SOURCE: Binford, L. R. (2001). Constructing frames of reference: an analytical method for archaeological theory building using ethnographic and environmental data sets. University of California, Berkeley. ----------------------------------------------------------- LRB.longitude. Longitude (decimal degrees) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=195 Stat Value nobs 207 mean -82.449 min -166.3 max 147.49 sd 78.13 LRB.latitude. Latitude (decimal degrees) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=196 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 35.122 min -60 max 77.49 sd 26.746 LRB.vegclass. Classification by vegetation type--gross classification Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=11 Freq Value Description 8 1 Low-Latitude Rainforests 3 3 Mid-Latitude Deciduous Forest 37 4 Coastal Forest 41 5 Cold Needleleaf Forests 15 6 Sclerophyllous Vegetation 19 7 Tropical Raingreen Vegetation 3 8 Tall Grass Prairie 26 9 Short Grass Prairie 38 10 Semidesert 7 11 Desert Shrub Desert 10 12 Tundra 164 NA NA LRB.vegnu. Classification by vegetation type ; (Table: 5.01); (Binford 2001:117) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=22 Freq Value Description 5 1 Tropical Rainforest 12 2 Tropical Monsoon Forest 2 3 Broadleaf Savanah Woodland 5 6 Thorntree Tall Grass Tropical Savanah 3 7 Tropical Montane Forest 3 8 Tall Grass Prairie 1 9 Sclerophyllous Scrub/ Chaparral 3 10 Mid-Latitude Deciduous Forest 37 11 Coastal Forest 1 12 Mixed Boreal and Deciduous Forest 2 13 Desert Thorn Forest and Thorn Woodland transition 4 14 Midlatitude Lake Forest 27 17 Boreal Forest 26 18 Short Grass Prairie 2 19 Thorntree Desert Grass Savanah 1 20 Larch dominated Boreal Forest 8 22 Boreal Parkland transition 14 23 Australian Sclerophyll Forest 2 24 Desert with Porcupine Grass 34 25 Semidesert Scrub and Woodland 10 26 Tundra 5 27 Semidesert Scrub 164 NA NA LRB.dposit. Position in drainage system (distance from territory to headwaters of drainage system)/(length of drainage system) ; (Equation: headwat/drain); (Binford 2001:168) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=156 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 0.446 min 0 max 1 sd 0.364 LRB.headwat. Distance from water source to the headwaters of the drainage (measured along the stream) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=97 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 154.942 min 0 max 2810 sd 343.292 LRB.drain. Total length (in miles) of drainage system. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=117 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 457.725 min 1 max 3700 sd 628.924 LRB.h10. Measure of altitudinal maximum at a circle with a 10 mile radius. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=100 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 1510.063 min 30 max 8667 sd 1615.271 LRB.h25. Measure of altitudinal maximum at a circle with a 25 mile radius. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=113 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 1948.155 min 60 max 9834 sd 1783.266 LRB.h50. Measure of altitudinal maximum at a circle with a 50 mile radius. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=126 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 2458.884 min 95 max 16000 sd 2034.577 LRB.l10. Measure of altitudinal minimum at a circle with a 10 mile radius. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=86 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 696.986 min 0 max 5811 sd 957.52 LRB.l25. Measure of altitudinal minimum at a circle with a 25 mile radius. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=86 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 572.647 min -240 max 5678 sd 934.378 LRB.l50. Measure of altitudinal minimum at a circle with a 50 mile radius. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=76 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 451.251 min -240 max 6000 sd 890.544 LRB.maxrange. Difference between the lowest recorded point of elevation and the highest recorded point of elevation Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=160 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 2081.966 min 20 max 15960 sd 1854.036 LRB.latgroup. Binary indicator of proximity to equator Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 81 1 <= 40 degrees 126 2 > 40 degrees 164 NA NA LRB.et. Effective temperature; (Equation: 4.01); (Table: 4.01); (Binford 2001:58) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=207 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 13.785 min 8.641 max 25.512 sd 3.356 LRB.cmat. Mean annual temperature (degrees C); (Table: 4.01); (Binford 2001:58) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=207 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 10.402 min -16.241 max 28.297 sd 9.412 LRB.mcm. Mean temperature of coldest month (degrees C); (Table: 4.01); (Binford 2001:59) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=201 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 0.246 min -36.92 max 27.39 sd 13.96 LRB.mwm. Mean temperature of warmest month (degrees C); (Table: 4.01); (Binford 2001:59) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=180 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 20.394 min 4 max 33.83 sd 6.141 LRB.temp. Temperateness; (Equation: 4.02); (Binford 2001:59) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=207 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 51.24 min 19.017 max 83.741 sd 12.889 LRB.mtemp. Evenness in temperature across seasons; (Equation: 4.03); (Binford 2001:68) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=207 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 68.341 min 14.161 max 98.872 sd 18.061 LRB.clim. Ordination of the Earth's climates by effective temperature; (Table: 4.02); (Binford 2001:70) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 11 1 ET<10.00 73 2 ET 10.00 to 12.49 64 3 ET 12.50 to 14.55 31 4 ET 14.56 to 16.61 7 5 ET 16.62 to 18.15 13 6 ET 18.16 to 22.57 8 7 ET >=22.58 164 NA NA LRB.crr. Annual rainfall (mm); (Table: 4.01); (Binford 2001:70) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=207 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 777.521 min 63.193 max 3649.842 sd 719.625 LRB.rhigh. Mean rainfall of wettest month (mm); (Table: 4.01); (Binford 2001:70) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=203 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 133.793 min 16.764 max 552.8 sd 116.376 LRB.rlow. Mean rainfall of driest month (mm); (Table: 4.01); (Binford 2001:70) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=165 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 18.272 min 0.001 max 255.651 sd 33.43 LRB.reven. Unevenness in rainfall across seasons; (Equation: 4.04); (Binford 2001:70) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=207 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 2.199 min 1.194 max 5.257 sd 0.636 LRB.mrain. Evenness in rainfall across seasons (higher values => more even); (Equation: 4.06); (Binford 2001:72) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=207 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 14.591 min 0 max 70.409 sd 16.137 LRB.avwat. Moisture ordination of climates; (Table: 4.05); (Binford 2001:79) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 9 1 PTOAE > 5.0 55 2 2.25 50 15 4 1.41 50 15 5 1.41 3.4 and PTOAE > 1.23 29 7 PTOAE=1.41 and PTOWATD > 3.4 and 1.01 3.4 and PTOAE=1.01 164 NA NA LRB.sdtemp. Standard deviation of mean monthly temperature; (Binford 2001:70) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=207 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 7.307 min 0.248 max 18.402 sd 3.87 LRB.sdrain. Standard deviation of mean monthly rainfall; (Binford 2001:70) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=207 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 41.171 min 3.525 max 177.827 sd 37.554 LRB.rrcorr. Difference between month with greatest rainfall and that with highest temp. Using the warmest month as a reference point, the number of months (or parts thereof), positive or negative, that separate the wettest month from the warmest month; (Binford 2001:71) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=14 Freq Value 1 -4 2 -3 13 -2 23 -1 2 -0.5 15 0.1 29 1 1 1.5 15 2 14 3 15 4 27 5 40 6 10 7 164 NA LRB.rrcorr2. Positive scale for rrcorr: add 4.5 to rrcorr; if any subsequent values are negative, they are added to 12; (Table: 4.01); (Binford 2001:71) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=14 Freq Value 1 0.5 2 1.5 13 2.5 23 3.5 2 4 15 4.6 29 5.5 1 6 15 6.5 14 7.5 15 8.5 27 9.5 40 10.5 10 11.5 164 NA LRB.rrcorr3. Like rrcorr2, except that in environments with a 12-month growing season, the value is set to 4.5 ; (Binford 2001:71) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=14 Freq Value 1 0.5 13 2.5 21 3.5 2 4 53 4.5 14 4.6 21 5.5 1 6 10 6.5 5 7.5 12 8.5 19 9.5 29 10.5 6 11.5 164 NA LRB.season. Season with greatest rainfall (derived from rrcorr2); (Binford 2001:71) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 16 1 Spring 69 2 Summer 45 3 Fall 77 4 Winter 164 NA NA LRB.medstab. Mediterranean climate indicator (higher values => more Mediterranean); (Equation: 4.05); (Binford 2001:72) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=206 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 0.629 min 0 max 5.812 sd 0.952 LRB.growc. Effective growing season (number of months in growing season); (Table: 4.07); (Binford 2001:73) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=13 Freq Value 6 0 2 1 4 2 14 3 7 4 29 5 22 6 36 7 6 8 11 9 11 10 6 11 53 12 164 NA LRB.pet. Potential evapotranspiration; (Table: 4.07); (Binford 2001:75) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=207 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 749.836 min 118.493 max 1842.083 sd 343.746 LRB.ae. Actual evapotranspiration; (Table: 4.07); (Binford 2001:74) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=207 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 443.691 min 88.181 max 1667.861 sd 306.898 LRB.watret. Quantity of water actually present in the soil; (Table: 4.07); (Binford 2001:75) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=198 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 58.897 min 0 max 324.97 sd 50.38 LRB.watd. Water deficit; (Table: 4.07); (Binford 2001:75) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=195 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 306.144 min 0 max 1152.499 sd 253.652 LRB.snowac. Snow accumulation; (Table: 4.07); (Binford 2001:75) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=99 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 50.227 min 0 max 825.869 sd 107.262 LRB.ptoae. Potential evapotranspiration relative to actual evapotranspiration (low values have higher plant growth potential); (Equation: pet/(1+ae)); (Binford 2001:78) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=195 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 2.121 min 1 max 11.008 sd 1.438 LRB.hirx. Potential evapotranspiration relative to annual rainfall. Values less than 1 tend to be forested, greater than 1 arid, and around 1 savannas and steppes.; (Equation: pet/ccr); (Binford 2001:78) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=207 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 1.806 min 0.164 max 15.912 sd 1.815 LRB.ptowatd. Potential evapotranspiration relative to water deficit (high values imply high plant growth potential); (Equation: pet/(1+watd)); (Binford 2001:78) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=207 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 58.702 min 1.1 max 1637.663 sd 219.384 LRB.watdgrc. Number of months during growing season in which water deficit occurs; (Binford 2001:79) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=13 Freq Value 19 0 13 1 14 2 48 3 24 4 31 5 25 6 13 7 10 8 1 9 2 10 1 11 6 12 164 NA LRB.defper. Percentage of growing season with a water deficit; (Equation: 4.08); (Table: 4.07); (Binford 2001:79) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=36 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 56.542 min 0 max 100 sd 29.399 LRB.perwret. Percentage of growing season with water stored in soil; (Equation: 4.07); (Binford 2001:79) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=34 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 0.43 min 0 max 1 sd 0.282 LRB.perwltg. Percentage of growing season for which water available is below the wilting point for plants; (Equation: 4.09); (Binford 2001:79) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=33 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 0.297 min 0.001 max 1 sd 0.266 LRB.wltgrc. Number of months plants would wilt because of water deficit; (Table: 4.07); (Binford 2001:79) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=11 Freq Value 67 0 26 1 17 2 27 3 28 4 15 5 15 6 2 7 6 8 1 9 3 10 164 NA LRB.nagp. Net above-ground productivity: new cell life added to a habitat as a result of photosynthesis and growth (g/sqm/yr); (Equation: 4.10); (Table: 4.07); (Binford 2001:79) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=207 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 671.103 min 37.096 max 4884.112 sd 878.222 LRB.lnagp. Log 10 of nagp; (Binford 2001:79) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=207 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 2.602 min 1.569 max 3.689 sd 0.426 LRB.bio5. Primary biomass; (Table: 4.07); (Binford 2001:85) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=207 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 12177.57 min 27.475 max 56660.514 sd 12497.938 LRB.lbio5. Log 10 of bio5; (Binford 2001:85) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=207 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 3.795 min 1.439 max 4.753 sd 0.603 LRB.bar5. Biomass accumulation ratio; (Equation: 4.15); (Table: 4.07); (Binford 2001:85) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=207 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 21.019 min 0.555 max 72.085 sd 15.346 LRB.lexprey. (Log of) Secondary animal biomass; (Binford 2001:109) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=207 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 2.288 min 0.668 max 3.938 sd 0.505 LRB.sucstab2. Modified successional stability (a measure of likelihood of vegetation-clearing fires); (Binford 2001:171) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=207 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 9.232 min 0.003 max 70.014 sd 11.181 LRB.tlpop. Total number of persons to whom the ethnographic description applies; (Table: 5.01); (Binford 2001:117) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=156 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 2130.36 min 72 max 14582 sd 2734.089 LRB.area. Ethnographers' estimate of total land area occupied by the group (100 sqkm); (Table: 5.01); (Binford 2001:117) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=187 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 481.529 min 2.7 max 6600 sd 1006.947 LRB.density. Population density (==tlpop/area); (Table: 5.01); (Binford 2001:117) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=195 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 27.719 min 0.25 max 231.7 sd 37.871 LRB.group1. Size of smallest group that regularly cooperates for subsistence; smallest self-sufficient group; (Table: 5.01 & 8.01); (Binford 2001:117) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=125; Number of unique values=60 Stat Value nobs 125 mean 19.665 min 6 max 70 sd 11.361 LRB.group2. The mean size of the consumer group that regularly camps together during the most aggregated phase of the yearly economic cycles; (Table: 5.01 & 8.01); (Binford 2001:117) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=184; Number of unique values=101 Stat Value nobs 184 mean 90.978 min 19.5 max 650 sd 100.682 LRB.group3. The mean size of multigroup encampments that may aggregate periodically, but not necessarily annually, for immediate subsistence-related activities; (Table: 5.01 & 8.01); (Binford 2001:117) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=127; Number of unique values=82 Stat Value nobs 127 mean 232.295 min 42 max 1500 sd 209.781 LRB.lden. Log 10 of density; (Binford 2001:117) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=159 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 0.999 min -0.509 max 2.365 sd 0.703 LRB.lnpop. Natural log of tlpop; Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=156 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 7.037 min 4.277 max 9.588 sd 1.164 LRB.diasz. Number of people in dialect group Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=163 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 1089.831 min 69.33 max 10000 sd 1548.663 LRB.hunting. Percent dependence on terrestrial animals; (Table: 5.01); (Binford 2001:117) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=33 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 34.558 min 5 max 90 sd 20.922 LRB.gatherin. Percent dependence on terrestrial plants; (Table: 5.01); (Binford 2001:117) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=28 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 30.467 min 0.01 max 90 sd 22.919 LRB.fishing. Percent dependence on aquatic organisms ; (Table: 5.01); (Binford 2001:117) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=41 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 34.989 min 0 max 95 sd 27.195 LRB.subsp. Which food type (hunted, gathered, fished) provides majority of nutritional intake; (Table: 5.01); (Binford 2001:117) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 57 1 Hunting 72 2 Gathering 78 3 Aquatics 164 NA NA LRB.store. Dependence upon storage; (Binford 2001:388) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 35 1 Not present 8 2 Special event storage only 164 3 Stored for use during seasonal and/or other low productivity phases of year 164 NA NA LRB.qtstor. Quantity of food stored ; (Binford 2001:389) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 38 1 Minor 22 2 Moderate 119 3 Major 28 4 Massive 164 NA NA LRB.subdiv2. Subsistence diversity; (Equation: 100-stddev("hunting","gatherin","fishing") ); (Binford 2001:403,fn2) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=64 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 72.906 min 46.55 max 94.23 sd 10.859 LRB.sudivord. Ordinal simplification (5 categories) of subdiv2.; (Binford 2001:404) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 8 1 46.55 <=subdiv2<= 50.68 19 2 50.76 <=subdiv2<= 60.05 68 3 61.81 <=subdiv2<= 72.21 69 4 72.46 <=subdiv2<= 82.44 43 5 83.2 <=subdiv2<= 94.23 164 NA NA LRB.noantrap. The number of (types of) animal traps documented for the group. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=33; Number of unique values=17 Freq Value 1 0 1 2 3 3 3 4 5 5 1 6 2 7 3 9 3 10 1 11 3 12 1 13 2 14 1 15 1 18 1 20 1 27 338 NA LRB.noantrapgrp. Ordinal simplification of noantrap Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=33; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 2 1 number of traps<=2 11 2 3<=number of traps<=5 9 3 6<=number of traps<=10 11 4 11<=number of traps<=27 338 NA NA LRB.hunt. Degree to which males conduct hunting, relative to females. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 3 0 Activity important, sex roles unknown 1 2 Both sexes, but females more 29 4 Both sexes, but males more 174 5 Males alone 164 NA NA LRB.gath. Degree to which males conduct gathering, relative to females. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 3 0 Activity important, sex roles unknown 104 1 Females alone 88 2 Both sexes, but females more 4 3 Equal participation 8 6 Activity unimportant 164 NA NA LRB.fish. Degree to which males conduct fishing, relative to females. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 3 0 Activity important, sex roles unknown 3 1 Females alone 7 2 Both sexes, but females more 66 3 Equal participation 84 4 Both sexes, but males more 18 5 Males alone 26 6 Activity unimportant 164 NA NA LRB.mdivlab. Percentage of total diet derived from male labor; (Binford 2001:280) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=204; Number of unique values=74 Stat Value nobs 204 mean 63.305 min 23.75 max 99.99 sd 16.412 LRB.housex. The sexual division of labor in the construction of houses. Does not address the procurement of materials, only construction of the highest investment houses. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 48 1 Females alone 22 2 Both sexes, but females more 35 3 Equal participation 19 4 Both sexes, but males more 83 5 Males alone 164 NA NA LRB.forcol. Code for forager-collector distinction; (Binford 2001:304) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 94 1 forager 113 2 collector 164 NA NA LRB.grppat. Degree of mobility; (Table: 5.01); (Binford 2001:117) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 125 1 Unrestricted mobility 82 2 Restricted mobility 164 NA NA LRB.nomov. Total number of annual moves in residence of a household unit; (Table: 5.01 & 8.04); (Binford 2001:117) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=163; Number of unique values=31 Stat Value nobs 163 mean 8.618 min 0.1 max 45 sd 7.987 LRB.dismov. Total distance (in miles) residence moved in a year (sum of all moves); (Table: 5.01 & 8.04); (Binford 2001:117) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=146; Number of unique values=87 Stat Value nobs 146 mean 168.747 min 4 max 570 sd 149.499 LRB.dspmov. Distance per move (in miles) (dspmov=dismov/nomov); (Binford 2001:117) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=146; Number of unique values=97 Stat Value nobs 146 mean 16.722 min 2 max 45.545 sd 8.537 LRB.kspmov. Averge distance per move (in km) (kspmov=kmov/nomov); (Binford 2001:117) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=158; Number of unique values=97 Stat Value nobs 158 mean 24.927 min 1.61 max 73.28 sd 14.81 LRB.lkmov. Log 10 of kmov; (Binford 2001:117) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=163; Number of unique values=78 Stat Value nobs 163 mean 1.887 min -0.79 max 2.96 sd 1.054 LRB.lkspmov. Log 10 of kspmov; (Binford 2001:117) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=158; Number of unique values=66 Stat Value nobs 158 mean 1.272 min 0.21 max 1.87 sd 0.402 LRB.kmov. Summed distance (in km) moved per year by average household (kmov=dismov/.6214); (Binford 2001:117) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=163; Number of unique values=87 Stat Value nobs 163 mean 244.35 min 0.16 max 917.13 sd 242.184 LRB.mhs. Mean household size ; (Table: 8.08); (Binford 2001:147) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=151; Number of unique values=128 Stat Value nobs 151 mean 8.933 min 2.51 max 40 sd 6.126 LRB.famsz. Mean family size (total group size divided by number of married men); (Table: 8.08); (Binford 2001:286) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=73; Number of unique values=62 Stat Value nobs 73 mean 4.375 min 3.05 max 7.4 sd 0.946 LRB.commun. Community organization. The prevalence of local endogamy, agamy, & exogamy coded together with the presence or absence of localized kin groups. Can be interpreted as ordinal measure of endogamy; (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:320) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=206; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 49 1 Exogamous 92 2 Exogamous clan 16 3 Agamous 20 4 Endogamous Demed 29 5 Endogamous segmented 165 NA NA LRB.comstfun. The functions and properties of structures with specific community-wide functions. These are not residences, nor are they multifunctional residences.; (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:320) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 127 1 No permanent community structures 31 2 Rituals and ceremmonies held in host's residence 18 3 Sweat lodge 12 4 Dance house 13 5 Dance house or men's house, and sweat house 6 6 Functionally specific community house 164 NA NA LRB.famhous. Average number of families per household (==mhs/famsz); (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:320) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=62; Number of unique values=53 Stat Value nobs 62 mean 2.107 min 0.65 max 9.01 sd 1.693 LRB.packinx. Density rescaled to fit population packing concept: packinx=density/9.098; (Binford 2001:374) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=163 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 3.047 min 0.03 max 25.47 sd 4.162 LRB.lpackinx. Log 10 of packinx; (Binford 2001:375) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=150 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 0.038 min -1.56 max 1.41 sd 0.706 LRB.packord. Ordinal measure for packing. The packing threshold is the value of population density at which there is one minimal group per foraging radius (20.47 persons/225 sq km = 9.1 persons), thus indicating a density value at which there is no longer unoccupied space into which mobile hunter-gatherers could move; (Binford 2001:375) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 13 1 0.03 to 0.07 80 2 0.07 to 0.99 78 3 1 to 5.65 36 4 5.89 to 33.93 164 NA NA LRB.packing. Binary variable for population packing Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 93 1 unpacked 114 2 packed 164 NA NA LRB.systate3recod. Recode of systate3 by DR White; (Binford 2001:375) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 14 2 horticulturally augmented cases 8 3 mutualists and forest products specialists 59 4 generic hunter-gatherers 16 5 generic hunter-gatherers with instituted leadership 63 6 wealth-differentiated hunter-gatherers 23 7 mounted hunters 24 8 stratified or characterized by elite and priviliged leaders 164 NA NA LRB.systate3. Classification of foragers: system's state; (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:375) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 23 1 mounted hunters 13 2 horticulturally augmented cases 6 3 mutualists and forest products specialists 61 4 generic hunter-gatherers 20 5 generic hunter-gatherers with instituted leadership 61 6 wealth-differentiated hunter-gatherers 23 7 stratified or characterized by elite and priviliged leaders 164 NA NA LRB.huntfil2. Identifies mounted hunters. A binary variable produced from systate3; (Binford 2001:417) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 184 1 all others 23 2 mounted hunters 164 NA NA LRB.spacing. A normative estimate of the distance between houses in the settlement. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=95; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 49 1 Tight spacing (2-8 m) 32 2 Moderate Spacing (9-20 m) 14 3 Wide spacing (21-80 m) 276 NA NA LRB.house80. House shape: Codes the shape of the ground plan of the most common type of shelter. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 4 1 Semicircular 124 2 Circular 14 3 Elliptical or elongated with rounded ends 65 4 Rectangular or square 164 NA NA LRB.house81. Codes the character of the floor level within the house Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 63 1 Subterranean or semi-subterranean, ignoring storage facilities 140 2 Floor formed by or level with ground 2 3 Elevated slightly above the ground on raised platform 2 4 Raised substantially above ground 164 NA NA LRB.house82. Codes the character of the wall material used in constructing the house Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 4 1 Open walls 150 2 Walls indistinguishable from roof 7 3 Grass, leaves, bark or thatch 9 4 Processed or manufactured materials (locally made) 31 5 Wood 6 6 Stone and/or earth 164 NA NA LRB.house83. Codes the shape of the roof or of walls and roof when the former are not distinct Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 9 1 Shed type with one slope 71 2 Beehive shaped with peak (conical forms) 61 3 Dome shapes, semi-hemispherical and hemispherical forms 4 4 Flat or horizontal 62 5 Gabled or hipped 164 NA NA LRB.house84. Codes the material used in roofing for the dominant house form Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 76 1 Grass, leaves or thatch 19 2 Bark 6 3 Ice and Snow 44 4 Manufactured or processed materials 34 5 Wood 28 6 Earth or sod 164 NA NA LRB.house85. Codes the shape of the ground plan of the most common type of shelter Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=143; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 36 1 Semicircular 57 2 Circular 5 3 Elliptical or elongated with rounded ends 45 4 Rectangular or square 228 NA NA LRB.house86. Codes the character of the floor level within the shelter Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=141; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 17 1 Subterranean or semi-subterranean, ignoring storage facilities 123 2 Floor formed by or level with ground 1 4 Raised substantially above ground 230 NA NA LRB.house87. Codes the character of the wall material used in constructing the shelter Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=142; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 17 1 Open walls 101 2 Walls indistinguishable from roof 10 3 Grass, leaves, bark or thatch 6 4 Processed or manufactured materials (locally made) 8 5 Wood 229 NA NA LRB.house88. Codes the shape of the shelters roof or of walls and roof when the former are not distinct Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=142; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 36 1 Shed type with one slope 52 2 Beehive shaped with peak (conical forms) 16 3 Dome shapes, semi-hemispherical and hemispherical forms 12 4 Flat or horizontal 26 5 Gabled or hipped 229 NA NA LRB.house89. Codes the material used in roofing for the dominant shelter form Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=144; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 73 1 Grass, leaves or thatch 22 2 Bark 34 4 Manufactured or processed materials 8 5 Wood 7 6 Earth or sod 227 NA NA LRB.sed. Degree of sedentism Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 36 1 Fully nomadic 73 2 Semi-nomadic 78 3 Semi-sedentary 20 4 Seasonal permanence 164 NA NA LRB.mobpat. Codes the mobility-group organizations of the subsistence-settlement pattern Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 62 1 Generalized collecting 8 2 Foraging 24 3 Tethered Foraging 74 4 Differentiated Collecting 36 5 Central Place Collecting 3 6 Central Place Foraging 164 NA NA LRB.mobp2. Routed foraging where the group feeds between target locations that are annually visited for purposes of obtaining raw materials to maintain technology. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 61 1 Routed foraging 37 2 General foraging 33 3 Central place foraging 76 4 Teathered foraging 164 NA NA LRB.sz1fam. Size of a single family dwelling [size is reported as the diameter (m) of a circle with area equal to the area of the dwelling] Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=82; Number of unique values=61 Stat Value nobs 82 mean 3.174 min 1.54 max 4.57 sd 0.713 LRB.szjoint. Size of a joint family dwelling [size reported as diameter (m) of a circle with area equal to the area of the dwelling] Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=72; Number of unique values=56 Stat Value nobs 72 mean 5.366 min 3.12 max 9.14 sd 1.188 LRB.szcomu. Size of a communal dwelling [size reported as diameter (m) of a circle with area equal to the area of the dwelling] Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=45; Number of unique values=43 Stat Value nobs 45 mean 10.976 min 4.75 max 19.25 sd 3.548 LRB.szmean. Mean dwelling size [size reported as diameter (m) of a circle with area equal to the area of the dwelling] Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=135; Number of unique values=118 Stat Value nobs 135 mean 6.061 min 1.61 max 19.25 sd 3.622 LRB.hhtyp1. Primary household type, based on initial capital letter in code for hhtype; (Table: 8.08); (Binford 2001: 297) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=84; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 8 1 Large extended family 33 2 Small extended family 6 3 Stem family 5 4 Independent monogamous family 22 5 Independent nuclear family with limited polygyny 1 6 Independent non-sororal polygynous family, no separate quarters for co-wives 8 7 Independent sororal polygynous family, no separate quarters for co-wives 1 8 Independent sororal polygynous family, separate quarters for co-wives 287 NA NA LRB.g2mhs. Number of households per group2 (==group2/mhs); (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:320) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=141; Number of unique values=129 Stat Value nobs 141 mean 11.441 min 1.19 max 58.63 sd 10.956 LRB.prevalue. Variable is in Table 9.01. initial attempt at calculating G2MHS. unclear meaning.; (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:320) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=141; Number of unique values=107 Stat Value nobs 141 mean 9.091 min 3.638 max 40.334 sd 5.35 LRB.mhsset. Classification by values of mhs and hougrp2. Initial version. (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:320) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=141; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value 3 1 53 2 21 3 31 4 33 5 230 NA LRB.mhset2. Mean Household Size Set: the classification of the relationship between mhs and hougrp2; (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:320) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=141; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value 34 1 5 2 54 3 18 4 30 5 230 NA LRB.predg2mh. Initial attempt at calculating G2MHS. unclear meaning. (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:320) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=136; Number of unique values=104 Stat Value nobs 136 mean 8.483 min 3.64 max 40.64 sd 5.388 LRB.g2famsz. Number of families per group2 (==group2/famsz); (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:320) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=65; Number of unique values=64 Stat Value nobs 65 mean 14.172 min 4.02 max 52.4 sd 9.254 LRB.g1famsz. Number of families per group1 (==group1/famsz); (Equation: group1/famsz); (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:333) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=57; Number of unique values=56 Stat Value nobs 57 mean 4.152 min 1.34 max 8.21 sd 1.488 LRB.g1mhs. Number of households per group1 (==group1/mhs); (Equation: group1/mhs); (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:333) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=106; Number of unique values=94 Stat Value nobs 106 mean 3.056 min 0.48 max 9.55 sd 1.885 LRB.g2g1. Number of group1 units in a group2 unit; (Equation: group2/group1); (Binford 2001:336) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=119; Number of unique values=89 Stat Value nobs 119 mean 3.612 min 1.36 max 22.07 sd 2.318 LRB.g2mhset2. Classification based on relationship between mhs and group2; (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:337) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=142; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 21 1 mhs is extended family, group2<50 22 2 mhs variable but large, group2<=50 19 3 mhs varies positively with group2, with large communal houses and small group2 37 4 mhs varies linearly with group2, with both extended families and communal houses 19 5 mhs is extended family, group2 is variable 19 6 mhs slightly above 7, group2 much more variable 4 7 mhs is small, group2 large and variable 1 9 missing 229 NA NA LRB.g2mhset3. Simplified version of g2mhset2; (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:340) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=141; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 57 1 group2 small 39 2 mhs varies linearly with group 2 40 3 mhs small, group 2 variable 5 4 other 230 NA NA LRB.g2basord. Basal unit size for group2 --ordinal classification; (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:348) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=12 Freq Value 6 2 20 3 33 4 27 5 32 6 19 7 16 8 8 9 7 10 6 11 6 12 5 13 186 NA LRB.hougrp2. Mean number of houses per group2 unit. (Equation: group2/mhs); (Binford 2001:344) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=143; Number of unique values=140 Stat Value nobs 143 mean 11.72 min 1.189 max 58.632 sd 11.175 LRB.money. Codes the presence or absence of the use of money within the society; (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:320) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 130 1 Absent 25 2 Rarely used 19 3 Commonly used 33 4 Many convertible items 164 NA NA LRB.occspe. Occupational specialties reported which are not tied to the sexual division of labor or tendencies for role differences.; (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:320) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 138 1 Absent 34 2 Few (1-3) 25 3 Moderate (4-7) 10 4 Many (equal to or greater than 8) 164 NA NA LRB.owners. Ownership of resource locations ; (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:426) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 82 1 None reported 37 2 Local groups claims exclusive rights over resource locations, residential sites and home range 64 3 Local group claims hunting areas, dominant animals, fishing sites and animal drive locations 24 4 Elite ownership of land and resources 164 NA NA LRB.indtrd. The organization of individual to individual trade in manufactured goods or raw materials across local group boundaries. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=193; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 33 1 Absent 94 2 Patron-client relationships or market trading 8 3 Embedded in other activities 41 4 Individually arranged 9 5 Conventionally organized 8 6 Family initiated 178 NA NA LRB.indtfo. The presence and form of exchanges where FOOD is one of the materials involved in exchanges across local group boundaries. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=177; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 59 1 Absent 94 2 Initiated by person seeking to trade with goods and/or money 6 3 Ritualized balanced direct exchange 18 4 Ritualized delayed balanced exchange 194 NA NA LRB.grptrd. The way of organizing group to group trade and exchange within a regio Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 6 1 Does not occur as such 155 2 Trade and exchange embedded in other activities and relationships exclusively 11 3 Organized trade fairs or special trade events 10 4 Specialized regional traders utilized as group representatives to other groups 3 5 Group acts as regional focus of trade, others regularly come to exchange for surplus food (commonly available) 186 NA NA LRB.orgfair. Manner of organization of trade fairs or special trade events in which food is the primary commodity that is desired in exchange. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=191; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 118 1 Absent 7 2 Initiated by persons seeking to trade with goods or money to obtain food 35 4 Ritualized delayed balanced exchange 5 5 2 & 3 18 6 2 & 4 8 7 All forms 180 NA NA LRB.excorg. The characteristic exchange relationships between host unit and guest unit in intercommunity events when goods are supplied to guests, the group tabulated is the host and it is an event where exchange is a conventionally included part of the activities. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=175; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 47 1 Absent 49 2 Host supplies guests with items and guests reply with items 31 3 Exchange is food for food 20 4 Host supplies food, guests supply goods 17 5 Delayed reciprocity 11 6 Corporate or local group supported give-away events 196 NA NA LRB.perogat. The social and economic prerogatives which accompany the leadership role.; (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:338) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=205; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 85 1 No special prerogatives 40 2 No relief from subsistence,but messengers as assistants 41 3 No relief from subsistence, but minor dress prerogatives,and messengers and speaker as assistants 29 4 Some relief from subsistence (contributions of goods and labor), dress prerogatives, assistants, and role for leaders wife 10 5 Complete relief from subsistence, distinctive clothing, many assistants, special marriage rules 166 NA NA LRB.leader. Predominant type of leadership; (Binford 2001:388) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 85 1 leadership embedded in roles of older persons, based on knowledge and good advice 122 2 leaders are visible, recognized by all, have followers, and judged on performance 164 NA NA LRB.polyscal. Measure of scale for the demographic and spatial scope of political organization.; (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:252) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 18 1 Performance based leadership 94 2 Senior males provide an advisory type of leadership 83 3 Formal or informal council of advisors with recognized leader 12 4 Instituted leader who presides over a council of near "peers" 164 NA NA LRB.class. Type of social class distinction; (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:320) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 113 1 Absence 69 2 Wealth distinctions only 25 3 Dual stratification into a hereditary aristocracy and a class of ordinary people 164 NA NA LRB.polpos. Code refers to the political and economic position of the group relative to other groups in the region; (Table: 9.01); (Binford 2001:345) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 152 1 Mutualistic or patron-client relationship with people who live very different type of lives 29 2 Articulated with groups unlike themselves, but this appears to be done in self-interested way 26 3 Articulated to politically and socially more complex groups 164 NA NA LRB.intform. Form of integration. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 117 1 Cellular segmentation 90 2 Cross-cutting network 164 NA NA LRB.headm. The patterns of succession of acknowledged leaders in the maximal politically integrated unit represented by the case. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 20 1 Absence 105 2 Non-hereditary succession to an acknowledged leadership role 82 3 Non-hereditary succession through influence 164 NA NA LRB.shaman. Codes the presence and scale of shaman's rituals as a social and organized event beyond their functioning as curers, healers, etc. at the personal or family level. This also excludes rituals conducted only for shamans that may qualify as secret societies Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=194; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 64 1 Role is not restricted 67 2 Rare 43 3 All leaders are shaman 20 4 Shaman are politically powerful in their own right 177 NA NA LRB.intcon. Frequency of internal conflict. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=203; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 38 1 Frequent 118 2 Moderate 47 3 Rare to absent 168 NA NA LRB.intres. The means culturally available for resolving conflict and/or deducing punishments, if any, within GP2. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=200; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 73 1 No institutionalized method 60 2 Ad hoc adjudicational body 37 3 Negotiated solutions 30 4 Publicly witnessed and conventional ways of resolving issues 171 NA NA LRB.gpgpcon. Scale of inter-group violence which is conducted with groups beyond the definition of GP2 and/or GP3 Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 38 1 None reported 70 2 Revenge raiding 76 3 Accelerative raiding 23 4 Accelerative conflicts of annihilation 164 NA NA LRB.gpgpres. The means available for resolving conflicts between groups as coded in GPGPCON. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=205; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 75 1 No public method for punishment 83 2 Peace is negotiated for each conflict 29 3 Negotiations normally result in payment 18 4 Negotiated settlements normally involve public duels 166 NA NA LRB.war1. Scale of intensity of warfare. How frequent and how widespread it may be regionally. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 76 1 No organized competition 66 2 Conflict is continually present on an on-again/off-again basis 51 3 Conflict is more common than in (2) and there are unprovoked attacks on intruders 9 4 Conflict is common in the region, but it may flare up to major proportions periodically 5 5 All properties of (4) and conflict is sustained and results in long term expansion of groups 164 NA NA LRB.conpos. The posture of the particular group relative to the intensity of warfare within the region as coded in WAR. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=206; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 69 1 Generally defensive through avoidance rather than active defense 94 2 Tit-for-tat 43 3 Generally aggressive 165 NA NA LRB.enemy. The treatment of the bodies of those killed in group-group conflicts. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=195; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 88 1 No post-mortem mutilation 51 2 Minor trophies taken 37 3 Substantially mutilated and body parts may be eaten 19 4 Trophies taken 176 NA NA LRB.prison. Codes the treatment of prisoners upon return to the "home" group Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=194; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 84 1 No prisoners 49 2 Prisoners taken, generally women and children 61 3 Prisoners regularly taken 177 NA NA LRB.slave. Status of slaves in the society. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 156 1 No slaves 27 2 Debt slaves or other non-hereditary slaves 24 3 Hereditary slavery 164 NA NA LRB.warlead. Manner of choosing a leader in group-group conflict situations. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=204; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 4 1 No such role 145 2 Result of individual commitment 55 3 Confirmed by a council 167 NA NA LRB.boyseg38. Codes the segregation of adolescent boys prior to initiation or at the time of puberty Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=197; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 140 1 Absence of segregation 33 2 Partial segregation 24 3 Total segregation 174 NA NA LRB.initm. Scale and elaborateness of male puberty rituals. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=195; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 111 1 None 37 2 Minor ritual acknowledgement 23 3 Single step initiations 11 4 Multi-step series of graded maturational initiations 13 6 Differentiated and multiple initiation possibilites for young men 176 NA NA LRB.initexm. The degree of exclusiveness of the male centered rituals. (Do women observe or participate?) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=189; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 112 1 Not germane 29 2 Both males and females may observe and participate in the ritual 11 3 Females may observe some rites but do not participate 14 4 Females may perform important roles in the initiation event 23 5 Females excluded from all aspects of initiation rites 182 NA NA LRB.initf. The scale and social investments in female puberty rites. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=196; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 29 1 None 38 2 Simple maturational recognition only 79 3 Seclusion, taboos and constraints on socializing 49 4 Local group or kin-sodality sponsored event with celebration 1 5 Family sponsored inviting-in feast 175 NA NA LRB.dom1. The collapsed classes of rituals as outlined in sections a-f above for the dominant ritual. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=196; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 27 1 Secular rituals (1-2) 16 2 Maturational history rituals (3-6) 51 3 Rituals with focus on the individual (7) 68 4 Announcement of social status (8-13) 9 5 Focused on group (14-17) 25 6 Relationship between people and forces of nature/supernatural (18-24) 175 NA NA LRB.dom2. The collapsed classes of rituals as outlined in sections a-f above for the second-most dominant ritual. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=190; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 13 1 Secular rituals (1-2) 4 2 Maturational history rituals (3-6) 52 3 Rituals with focus on the individual (7) 78 4 Announcement of social status (8-13) 30 5 Focused on group (14-17) 13 6 Relationship between people and forces of nature/supernatural (18-24) 181 NA NA LRB.deadav. The presence/absence of taboos against speaking the name of the deceased after death. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=191; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 95 1 No taboo 43 2 Short duration taboo 53 3 Permanent taboo 180 NA NA LRB.death. Codes the response to death as regards housing and the use of the camp Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=189; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 71 1 Camp and house abandoned 47 2 House destroyed but camp maintained 71 3 Camp and house maintained 182 NA NA LRB.discomp. The disposal event sequence regarding only the treatment of the corpse. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=187; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 150 1 Single step disposal 34 2 Two step disposal 3 3 Three step disposal 184 NA NA LRB.discomp2. The number of major steps relating to the disposal of the corpse Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=192; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 154 1 Single step disposal 38 2 Multi step disposal 179 NA NA LRB.disloc. Codes the location of the final step in the disposal sequence. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=189; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 95 1 Location unique to individual 29 2 Conventionally used "family" location 65 3 conventional area used by supra-family units 182 NA NA LRB.bodyt. The state of the skeletal remains on final disposal. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=195; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 171 1 Complete body 11 2 Disarticulated skeleton 13 3 Dismembered body parts 176 NA NA LRB.dispc. This code has reference to the mode of disposal for all persons or persons in the prime of life only. There may be alternative modes of disposal for the very young, aged, or for special conditions of death. This has primary reference to the situation of the decay of the body or the use of soft parts Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=201; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 95 1 Exposure of the body on the surface 26 2 Burial in the ground 30 3 Cremation of the body 2 4 Platform or tree disposal 10 5 Body decays or is destroyed in a constructed facility 38 6 Body is dismembered, eviscerated or artificially dried and flayed 170 NA NA LRB.disdiff. Differences in body disposal modes across persons Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=203; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 60 1 Single disposal mode 78 2 Situation and cause of death 24 3 Maturational status 41 4 Social status 168 NA NA LRB.dritual. The sequential complexity of mortuary rituals regularly performed after a death. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=187; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 37 1 No ritual 83 2 Single formal or ritualized socially organized event 67 3 Multiple ritual events which are socially organized 184 NA NA LRB.ritscal. The scale of non-immediate family involvement in the mortuary rituals. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=191; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 23 1 Immediate family 89 2 Residential community 53 3 Local group and maybe non-local kin 26 4 Regional scale of attendance or components of a large community 180 NA NA LRB.ritfocus. The goals of the mortuary ritual or its ideological tone. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=170; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 106 1 Dead person 23 2 Purification of the living 41 3 Honoring the contributions of the living to the ritual event 201 NA NA LRB.caudeath. The emic beliefs regarding the causes of death insofar as they are related to aspects of mortuary behavior. Can be interpreted as ordinal measure of the degree to which death is considered emically "unnatural". Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=182; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 55 1 Death is natural 53 2 Cause of death is not something to respond to 59 3 Unnatural for persons in the prime of life to die 15 4 Considered unnatural to die 189 NA NA LRB.divmor. Role and importance of divination in mortuary ritual. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=185; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 164 1 Divination is not part of mortuary ritual 14 2 Divination may be performed but not "built in" 7 3 Divination is essential part 186 NA NA LRB.usebody. The use of body parts from the deceased during the mortuary rituals. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=192; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 157 1 No use of body parts 10 2 Small bones 4 3 Slaves or "contributed" persons may be killed 4 4 Corpse and/or parts thereof eaten 17 5 Removed and used in divination 179 NA NA LRB.gcont. The treatment of the durable goods which were brought for the use during the mortuary rituals. Contributed goods are not the goods of the deceased. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=192; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 134 1 None reported 23 2 All contributed goods destroyed 35 3 All contributed goods distributed to participants 179 NA NA LRB.gdist. The treatment of the majority of the durable items which could be considered as associated with or "owned" by the deceased. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=188; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 151 1 Abandoned and/or destroyed 37 2 Distributed 183 NA NA LRB.gfur. The placement of personalities with the corpse in its final resting place. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=187; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 7 1 No personalities 35 2 Single or minimal numbers of items 145 3 Both personalities and sometimes contributed goods 184 NA NA LRB.revres. The organization of revenge activity which is generally conducted during the mourning period of the mortuary rites. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=156; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 135 1 No sorcery-related revenge activity 8 2 Revenge is discussed but generally non-violent resolution 13 3 Family, sodality or community organize revenge killing or controlled combat 215 NA NA LRB.agem. Average age of males at the time of their first marriage.; (Table: 8.07); (Binford 2001:281) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=116; Number of unique values=22 Freq Value 2 13 2 14 1 14.5 11 15 7 16 14 17 14 18 12 19 11 20 8 21 4 22 4 23 5 24 8 25 2 26 4 27 2 28 1 29 1 30 1 32 1 33 1 35 255 NA LRB.agef. Average age of females at the time of their first marriage.; (Table: 8.07); (Binford 2001:281) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=133; Number of unique values=21 Freq Value 1 5 1 7 4 9 1 10 1 10.5 6 11 5 12 19 13 1 13.5 21 14 1 14.5 30 15 1 15.5 16 16 1 16.5 11 17 2 17.5 5 18 2 19 3 20 1 22 238 NA LRB.agedif. The difference between mean age at first marriage of husbands and wives. ; (Binford 2001:299) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=115; Number of unique values=25 Freq Value 1 -1.5 2 0 3 1 2 1.5 26 2 22 3 1 3.5 12 4 5 5 1 5.5 7 6 4 7 3 8 3 9 1 9.5 2 10 1 10.5 4 11 5 12 3 13 3 14 1 15 1 18 1 24 1 26 256 NA LRB.polyg. Percentage of males married polygynously, with some additional values added to those found in table; (Table: 8.07); (Binford 2001:281) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=125; Number of unique values=42 Stat Value nobs 125 mean 13.171 min 0.1 max 57 sd 11.851 LRB.polygrecod. Percentage of males married polygynously (polyg) recoded by Doug White to distinguish monogamy from missing values; (Table: 8.07); (Binford 2001:281) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=131; Number of unique values=43 Stat Value nobs 131 mean 12.568 min 0 max 57 sd 11.899 LRB.wx.polygny. Percentage of males married polygynously, as-is from table; (Table: 8.07); (Binford 2001:281) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=114; Number of unique values=42 Stat Value nobs 114 mean 13.142 min 0 max 57 sd 12.676 LRB.agecom. The average difference between males and females at the time of initial marriage of each (i.e., this is not the age difference between the marriage partners). Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=204; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 144 1 < 5 years 38 2 5-10 years 19 3 10-15 years 3 4 >15 years 167 NA NA LRB.res1. This code has reference to the immediately post-marital residence of the married couple Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=205; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 22 1 Ambilocal 76 2 Ambilocal, but with uxorilocal bias 21 3 Uxorilocal residence 49 4 Ambilocal, but with virilocal bias 37 5 Virilocal residence 166 NA NA LRB.fres1. The residential association of the married couple after birth of children when they are an established family. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=194; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 35 1 Ambilocal 36 2 Uxorilocal 123 3 Virilocal 177 NA NA LRB.fres2. The residential association of the married couple after the birth of their first child when they are established as a family. This complements the initial residence code. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=194; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 35 1 Ambilocal 4 2 Ambilocal, but with uxorilocal bias 29 3 Uxorilocal 32 4 Ambilocal, but with virilocal bias 94 5 Virilocal 177 NA NA LRB.levira. The presence or absence of the passing of wives of a deceased male to close male relatives of the deceased. Binary variable. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=180; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 20 1 Absent 160 2 Present 191 NA NA LRB.sorora. The presence or absence of simultaneous sororal polygyny. Binary variable. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=178; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 40 1 Absent 138 2 Present 193 NA NA LRB.kinmar. The form of the exogamic practices/ preferences. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=204; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 111 1 Nonlateral marriage 48 2 Second cousing or greater lateral marriage 19 3 Asymmetrical lateral marriage 26 4 Symmetrical lateral marriage 167 NA NA LRB.marsel. The manner in which marriages are negotiated and arranged within the society. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=205; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 22 1 Child betrothal 45 2 Courting is common 65 3 Parental support required or arranged marriages 73 4 Strictly arranged 166 NA NA LRB.marrycer. The scale of investment in marriage ceremonies both in terms of the scale of participation and the goods and labor involved. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=205; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 107 1 No real ceremony 58 2 Minimal performance ceremony 29 3 Extended series of ritualized events 11 4 Broad public presence and participation in marriage ceremony 166 NA NA LRB.polygn. Codes on an ordinal scale an estimate of the percentage of males married multiple wives Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=198; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 6 1 Absent 88 2 Between 1-6% 43 3 Between 7-12% 21 4 Between 13-18% 27 5 Between 19-30% 7 6 Between 31-42% 6 7 Greater than 42% 173 NA NA LRB.mardir. This code scales the relative balance of the flow of goods and services in marriage arrangements. This code does not scale the absolute quantity of goods and services, only the relative imbalance in terms of the standards of the community itself. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=204; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 97 1 Balanced exchange 17 2 Minor imbalance in favor of the bride's family 88 3 Moderate imbalance in favor of the bride's family 2 4 Major imbalance in favor of bride's family 167 NA NA LRB.marprop. The investments in property exchanges made by the kinsmen of the prospective bride and groom.? Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=204; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 95 1 No property of real goods investment 14 2 Minimal property or real goods investment 90 3 Moderate amount of goods and property 5 4 Large quantities of goods and property 167 NA NA LRB.marinv. The types of investment made in marriages. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=204; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 60 1 No labor or property 35 2 Labor 109 3 Property 167 NA NA LRB.divorce. Codes the difficulty of obtaining a sanctioned divorce within the society. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 57 1 Not permitted or very difficult 36 2 Publically adjudicated 114 3 Easy to obtain 164 NA NA LRB.kincon. The basic convention for identifying kin for an unmarried child. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 193 1 Both from mother and father 14 2 Either from mother or father but not both 164 NA NA LRB.kinstr. The basic structure as used of the kinship conventions. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 82 1 Ramifying structure 51 2 Balanced dimensional structure 57 3 Imbalanced dimensional structure 13 4 Truncated structure 4 5 Ambilateral structure 164 NA NA LRB.kinbia1. Records the bias in the kinship structure as regards the side which is extended more or keyed upon cognitively for discussing exogamy Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 127 1 No bias 51 2 Patrifilial bias 29 3 Matrifilial bias 164 NA NA LRB.augment. Codes the ways of augmenting the kinspersons of an individual that are not done through birth or marriage Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=181; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 127 1 Absent 6 2 Sexual intercourse 11 3 Adoption 13 4 Name relationship 3 5 Cognitive elaboration of birth 3 6 Special friend partnership 9 8 Augmentation by 2 of above means 9 9 Augmentation by 3 or more of above means 190 NA NA LRB.augmen2. The number of strategies used to augment kinship [in HGKIN printouts from 9/25/94 with LRB handwritten notes re recoding] Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=205; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 144 1 no augmentation strategies 45 2 1-2 augmentation strategies 16 3 2 or more augmentation strategies 166 NA NA LRB.sodal. Sodalities: collapsed version of adjun [in HGKIN printouts from 9/25/94 with LRB handwritten notes re recoding] Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=200; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 125 1 Absent 10 2 Higher order sodalities 11 3 Moieties 25 4 Phratries 20 5 Achieved Associations 9 6 Ranked 171 NA NA LRB.kinder. Kinship derived units are classes of kinspersons that are identifiable as higher order classes which are consistent with the cognitive conventions of the kinship system Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 111 1 Absent 88 2 Kindreds or sibs 8 3 Clans or desent-sets 164 NA NA LRB.kinbia2. Codes the bias in the (KINDER) variable as regards the filiation of persons in kindreds, sibs, clans, etc Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 110 1 Bias absent 70 2 Patrifilial bias 27 3 Matrifilial bias 164 NA NA LRB.elabor. Codes for cognitive elaborations or more general classes which are derivable from the underlying system of kin cognition. Most of the time these elaborations serve no organizational function beyond providing rules of thumb for discussing exogamy and using these general categories for placing "strangers" into the web of kinship of the speaker. The coding of cases here implies no additional functions for these units beyond those discussed here. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=196; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 170 1 Absent 1 2 Unnamed two section system 6 3 Phratri-moieties 5 4 Matri-moieties 5 5 Patri-phratries 4 6 Matri-phratries 4 8 Four section system 1 11 Eight sections 175 NA NA LRB.elabor2. The situation where elaborations are given social functions beyond those listed above such that they imply more than marriage arrangements, etc. [in HGKIN printouts from 9/25/94 with LRB handwritten notes re recoding] Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=197; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 176 1 Absent 2 2 Land biased sibs-kindred like units 4 3 Exogamy only 15 4 Reciprocal ritual functions in mortuary rites 174 NA NA LRB.elabor3. Revised version of elabor2 [in HGKIN printouts from 9/25/94 with LRB handwritten notes re recoding] Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=197; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 172 1 Absent [=1] 15 2 Moieties [=3,4,8,9,10] 8 3 Phratries [=5,6,7] 2 4 Sections [= 2,11] 174 NA NA LRB.elabor4. Revised version of elabor3 [in HGKIN printouts from 9/25/94 with LRB handwritten notes re recoding] Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=197; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 172 1 Absent 20 2 One form 5 3 Multiple forms 174 NA NA LRB.diffocus. Codes the domain within which the elaborations and adjunct differentiations primarily function. Whether they contribute primarily to the internal complexity of the system or whether they provide the organizational basis for relating to and interacting in an expansive manner with adjacent groups is the focus of this code Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=197; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 128 1 None 52 2 Present, primarily integrate and differentiate internal organization 8 3 Present, integrate and differentiate internal organization and articulation with outside groups 9 4 Present, play little role in internal organization but directly facilitate articulation with other groups 174 NA NA LRB.adjun. Codes the presence of organizational features which are discussed cognitively in kinship terms or refer to behaviors normally conventionalized by kinship but which are not derivable from the underlying properties of the kinship cognition itself Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=197; Number of unique values=11 Freq Value Description 145 1 Absent 17 2 Moieties 10 3 Affinal phratries 6 4 Secondary units 3 5 Moieties unrelated to exogamy 1 6 Both 3 and 5 2 7 Honor societies 8 8 Crests 1 9 Moieties like male and female exchange feasts 2 10 Social associations 2 11 Clans or sections 174 NA NA LRB.adjun2. Number of forms of adjunct kin [in HGKIN printouts from 9/25/94 with LRB handwritten notes re recoding] Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=205; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 149 1 Absent 21 2 Moieties 14 3 Phratries 21 4 Other 166 NA NA LRB.adjun3. Types of adjunct kin strategy [in HGKIN printouts from 9/25/94 with LRB handwritten notes re recoding] Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=198; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 146 1 Absent 51 2 One form 1 3 Multiple forms 173 NA NA LRB.adjun4. Collapse of adjun [in HGKIN printouts from 9/25/94 with LRB handwritten notes re recoding] Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=204; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 148 1 Absent 19 2 Moieties 11 3 Phratries 10 4 Ascribed Kin Units 8 5 Units of none 8 6 Ranked 167 NA NA LRB.kinexo. Codes the limitation of kin extension characteristic of the society. The code scales the lateral extension of the exogamic practice in the group Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 39 1 Marriages regularly with distant second cousins or persons related more distantly than third cousins 78 2 Marriages not permitted with second cousins, but with those more distant 49 3 Marriages forbidden with first cousins but second cousins may marry 41 4 Marriages forbidden with some first cousins but not other first cousins 164 NA NA LRB.dkinex. The situation where there are marked differences in the exogamic practices of the leaders and/or elite and the general population in the patterns of exogamic extension or restriction. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 145 1 Absence 11 2 Restricted dual scales of exogamy 51 3 Expanded dual scales of exogamy 164 NA NA LRB.nenept. The kinship terminology for parallel nephews and nieces. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 33 1 Equated to offspring by sex 68 2 Equated in part to offspring 106 3 Not equated to offspring 164 NA NA LRB.nenext. The kinship terminology for cross nephews and nieces when they are distinguished from parallel nephews and nieces. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=206; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 33 1 Cross nephew, cross niece 65 2 Cross nephew-niece 36 3 Male cross nephew-niece, female cross nephew-niece 72 4 Other 165 NA NA LRB.kinterm2. The type of terminology used for first cousins. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=198; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 17 1 Hawaiian cousin terms 91 2 Eskimo cousin terms 67 3 Iroquois cousin terms 23 4 Intergenerationally merging terminology 173 NA NA LRB.aunt. Kin terminology employed for aunts. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=197; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 42 1 Lineal terms 4 2 Generation terms 49 3 Bifurcate merging 102 4 Bifurcate collateral 174 NA NA LRB.gpaterm. Kin terms for grandparents. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=160; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 16 1 Separate terms for FaFa, FaMo, MoFa, MoMo 74 2 FaPa, MoFa, MoMo 5 3 Grandfather, FaMo, MoMo 62 4 FaPa, MoPa, or grandfather, grandmother 3 5 Grandparent 211 NA NA LRB.ggpater. Kin terms for great grandparents. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=198; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 85 1 Equated to grandparents 90 2 Denoted by 1 or 2 special terms 21 3 Uses sibling terms 2 4 Equated to parents 173 NA NA LRB.minlaw. The presence or absence of behavioral mother-in-law avoidance and other restrictions on behavior. Binary variable. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=203; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 114 1 Absent 89 2 Present 168 NA NA LRB.male.mm. Male height in millimeters; (Table: 6.03); (Binford 2001:183) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=100; Number of unique values=73 Stat Value nobs 100 mean 1644.745 min 1440 max 1754 sd 55.187 LRB.female.mm. Female height in millimeters; (Table: 6.03); (Binford 2001:183) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=78; Number of unique values=55 Stat Value nobs 78 mean 1536.917 min 1370 max 1640 sd 48.103 LRB.termhnt. Proportion of food in a-cultural terrestrial model from hunting Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=202 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 0.6 min 0.086 max 1 sd 0.238 LRB.termgath. Proportion of food in a-cultural terrestrial model from gathering Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=201; Number of unique values=201 Stat Value nobs 201 mean 0.412 min 0.029 max 0.914 sd 0.231 LRB.termh2. Terrestrial model hunting density: Number of persons per 100 sqkm who could be supported from ungulate resources alone; (Equation: 6.13); (Binford 2001:187) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=207 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 0.714 min 0.008 max 10.906 sd 1.213 LRB.termg2. Terrestrial model gathering density: Number of persons per 100 sqkm who could be supported from terrestrial plant foods alone; (Equation: 6.14); (Binford 2001:187) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=207 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 0.727 min 0 max 6.112 sd 1.291 LRB.termd2. Terrestrial model population density: Population density (adjusted for body size) expected at a particular location, based on terrestrial model (persons per 100 sqkm); (Equation: 6.15); (Binford 2001:187) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=207 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 1.442 min 0.008 max 14.854 sd 2.208 LRB.nicheffg. Ratio of niche effectiveness (measured density compared to terrestrial model density) in exploitation of terrestrial plant resources; (Equation: 10.02); (Binford 2001:373) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=191 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 37.598 min 0 max 995.91 sd 99.442 LRB.nicheffh. Ratio of niche effectiveness (measured density compared to terrestrial model density) in exploitation of terrestrial animal resources; (Equation: 10.03); (Binford 2001:373) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=196 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 18.287 min 0.14 max 221.41 sd 27.749 LRB.nicheff. Ratio of niche effectiveness (measured density compared to terrestrial model density); (Equation: 10.01); (Binford 2001:373) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=207 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 45.553 min 0.144 max 459.524 sd 70.662 LRB.prindx. Ratio of population density to TERMD2, the terrestrial model population density - a very simple measure of pressure on terrestrial resources = how many times more densely populated than a cultural terrestrial carrying capacity are observed HGs (Equation: density/termd2) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=163 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 44.259 min 0.1 max 459.5 sd 67.409 LRB.cvtemp. Coefficient of variation of monthly temperature array. { Binford 2001: 71 } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=207 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 51.817 min -2454.25 max 2333.804 sd 370.705 LRB.elev. Elevation at group?s central point. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=150 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 1103.524 min 15.5 max 7049.5 sd 1230.623 LRB.lbar5. Log10 value of BAR5 Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=207 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 1.193 min -0.255 max 1.858 sd 0.371 LRB.lcoklm. Log10 of COKLM { Binford 2001: 154 } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=135 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 2.161 min 0.303 max 3.232 sd 0.695 LRB.lcvtemp. Log10 value of CVTEMP Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=207 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 3.48 min 2.737 max 3.727 sd 0.07 LRB.lptoae. Log10 value of PTOAE Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=195 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 0.267 min 0.004 max 1.042 sd 0.214 LRB.lptorun. Log10 value of PTORUN Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=207 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 0.698 min -0.665 max 3.152 sd 0.808 LRB.lsnowac. Log10 value of SNOWAC Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=99 Stat Value nobs 207 mean -0.234 min -2 max 2.917 sd 1.905 LRB.lwaccess. Log10 value of WACCESS Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=56 Stat Value nobs 207 mean -0.45 min -2 max 0.012 sd 0.372 LRB.rungrc. Number of months in the growing season in which runoff is greater than zero. { Binford 2001: 79 } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=13 Freq Value 34 0 28 1 39 2 9 3 27 4 25 5 24 6 8 7 1 8 4 9 2 10 2 11 4 12 164 NA LRB.wret. Water retention: if CRR is greater than PET then the excess water may have been added to the water already stored in the soil. { Binford 2001: 75 } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=199 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 58.896 min 0 max 324.975 sd 50.375 LRB.ptorun. PTORUN = PET/(RUNOFF+1). Ratio of potential evapotranspiration to runoff. Predictor of all true forest plant associations. { Binford 2001: 79 } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=207 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 65.291 min 0.206 max 1419.12 sd 228.146 LRB.ldefper. Log10 value of DEFPER Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=34 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 1.407 min -2 max 2 sd 1.105 LRB.lgather. Log10 value of GATHERIN Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=28 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 1.16 min -2 max 1.954 sd 0.868 LRB.trange. Range of temperatures TRANGE = (MWM-MCM) { Binford 2001: 59 } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=194 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 20.144 min 0.81 max 48.98 sd 10.48 LRB.watrgrc. Number of months in the growing season in which water is retained in the soil. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=13 Freq Value 21 0 43 1 38 2 17 3 23 4 20 5 19 6 10 7 5 8 2 9 1 10 1 11 7 12 164 NA LRB.lmeanelev. Log10 value of MEANELEV Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=188 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 2.938 min 1.595 max 3.843 sd 0.405 LRB.lwatrgrc. Log10 value of WATRGRC Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=13 Freq Value 21 -2 43 0.004321374 38 0.303196057 17 0.478566496 23 0.603144373 20 0.699837726 19 0.778874472 10 0.845718018 5 0.903632516 2 0.954724791 1 1.000434077 1 1.041787319 7 1.079543007 164 NA LRB.pgrow. Weighted measure of the simultaneous presence of both water and solar radiation available to the plant community. Scales from 0-36; 0 indicates no chance for plant growth; 36 indicates good growing conditions year round. { Binford 2001: 85 } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=32 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 19.981 min 2 max 36 sd 7.402 LRB.lrunoff. Log10 value of RUNOFF Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=193 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 1.991 min -2 max 3.464 sd 1.257 LRB.lsstab2. Log10 value of SUCSTAB2 Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=207 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 0.16 min -1.877 max 1.845 sd 1.246 LRB.waccess. Calculates plant access to water during the growing season. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=56 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 0.435 min 0 max 1.019 sd 0.24 LRB.lfishing. Log10 value of FISHING Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=37 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 1.042 min -2 max 1.978 sd 1.208 Binford 2001: 144-154 LRB.hg142. Sample of hunter-gatherer cases selected by vegetation type proportional to Earth's area in each vegetation type Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value 125 0 82 1 164 NA LRB.setn11. Marker for subset of hunter-gatherer cases for which SUBPOP = N, GRPPAT = 1, and SUBSP=1 Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value 157 0 50 1 164 NA LRB.setn12. Marker for subset of hunter-gatherer cases for which SUBPOP = N, GRPPAT = 1, and SUBSP=2 Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value 169 0 38 1 164 NA LRB.setn13. Marker for subset of hunter-gatherer cases for which SUBPOP = N, GRPPAT = 1, and SUBSP=3 Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value 185 0 22 1 164 NA LRB.setn21. Marker for subset of hunter-gatherer cases for which SUBPOP = N, GRPPAT = 2, and SUBSP=1 Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value 203 0 4 1 164 NA LRB.setn22. Marker for subset of hunter-gatherer cases for which SUBPOP = N, GRPPAT = 2, and SUBSP=2 Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value 192 0 15 1 164 NA LRB.setn23. Marker for subset of hunter-gatherer cases for which SUBPOP = N, GRPPAT = 2, and SUBSP=3 Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value 154 0 53 1 164 NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Fincher, C. L., & Thornhill, R. (2008). Assortative sociality, limited dispersal, infectious disease and the genesis of the global pattern of religion diversity. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 275(1651), 2587-2594. doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.0688 ----------------------------------------------------------- LRB.pathogen. Pathogen prevalence (Fincher and Thornhill 2008) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=13 Freq Value 1 4 3 5 10 6 14 7 27 8 40 9 54 10 22 11 7 12 8 13 10 14 5 15 6 16 164 NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Hamilton, M. J., Milne, B. T., Walker, R. S., Burger, O., & Brown, J. H. (2007). The complex structure of hunter-gatherer social networks. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 274(1622), 2195-2203. doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.0564 ----------------------------------------------------------- LRB.numfam. Number of families in society (Equation: tlpop/famsz) (Hamilton et al. 2007) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=69; Number of unique values=69 Stat Value nobs 69 mean 360.09 min 15.6 max 3153.2 sd 499.764 LRB.numg1. Number of group1 units in society (Equation: tlpop/group1) (Hamilton et al. 2007) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=125; Number of unique values=117 Stat Value nobs 125 mean 100.004 min 3.9 max 1250 sd 160.386 LRB.numg2. Number of group2 units in society (Equation: tlpop/group2) (Hamilton et al. 2007) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=184; Number of unique values=150 Stat Value nobs 184 mean 30.817 min 1 max 371.3 sd 41.587 LRB.numg3. Number of group3 units in society (Equation: tlpop/group3) (Hamilton et al. 2007) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=127; Number of unique values=86 Stat Value nobs 127 mean 9.461 min 0.3 max 107.1 sd 12.923 LRB.branchrat. Horton-Strahler branching ratio, produced as slope in regression (Hamilton et al. 2007:2197) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=148 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 4.089 min 2.42 max 6.85 sd 0.89 ============================================================ SOURCE: Hijmans, R.J., et al. 2005. Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology 25(15):1965-1978. data at http://www.worldclim.org/bioclim.htm (assigned by E. Anthon Eff) ----------------------------------------------------------- LRB.meanalt. BIOCLIM: Mean altitude within 20 km radius (m) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=206 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 695.466 min 8.742 max 2475.283 sd 574.635 ============================================================ SOURCE: Jorgensen, J. G. (1999). Codebook for Western Indians data. World Cultures, 10(2), 144-293. ----------------------------------------------------------- WNAI.v1. First two digits of tribal center in degrees north latitude Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=78 Stat Value nobs 105 mean 41.757 min 30 max 57 sd 6.57 WNAI.v3. Tribal center in degrees west longitude Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=63 Stat Value nobs 105 mean 119.338 min 104 max 134 sd 6.146 WNAI.v4. Tribal longitude in five-degree intervals Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 1 1 100-105 degrees 11 2 105-110 degrees 15 3 110-115 degrees 19 4 115-120 degrees 50 5 120-125 degrees 6 6 125-130 degrees 3 7 130-135 degrees 266 NA NA WNAI.v5. Tribal latitude in five-degree intervals Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 16 1 30-35 degrees 28 2 35-40 degrees 24 3 40-45 degrees 25 4 45-50 degrees 10 5 50-55 degrees 2 6 55-60 degrees 266 NA NA WNAI.v6. Tribal altitude in 1,000- and 2,000-foot intervals Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 48 1 0-1,000 feet 14 2 1,000-2,000 feet 22 3 2,000-4,000 feet 14 4 4,000-6,000 feet 7 5 6,000-8,000 feet 266 NA NA WNAI.v7. Tribal area average annual precipitation (20-year average) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 16 1 0-10 inches 29 2 10-20 inches 16 3 20-40 inches 15 4 40-60 inches 26 5 60-100 inches 3 6 over 100 inches 266 NA NA WNAI.v8. Tribal natural vegetation area Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 23 1 Western pines: yellow pine, sugar pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas-fir 40 2 Northwestern conifers: Western larch, western white pine, Douglas-fir, redwood 5 4 Creosote bush and mesquite 14 5 Chaparral (broadleaf forest and scrub forest) 8 6 Pinon-juniper 4 7 Bunchgrass 2 8 Short grass 4 10 Tundra 5 12 Codes 6 & 8 (pinon-juniper and bunch grass) 266 NA NA WNAI.v9. Tribal area average temperature in January Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 12 2 10-20 degrees F 11 3 20-30 degrees F 36 4 30-40 degrees F 36 5 40-50 degrees F 10 6 50-60 degrees F 266 NA NA WNAI.v10. Tribal area average temperature in July Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 24 1 50-60 degrees F 51 2 60-70 degrees F 14 3 70-80 degrees F 8 4 80-90 degrees F 8 5 90-100 degrees F 266 NA NA WNAI.v11. California white oak or valley oak, Quercus lobata Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 87 1 Absent 8 2 Present 10 4 Sufficiently frequent species to be sole representative of the genus shown on Kuchlera?Ts map of dominant natural vegetation 266 NA NA WNAI.v12. Oregon white oak, Quercus garryana Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 70 1 Absent 30 2 Present 5 4 Only representative of the genus shown on map of dominant vegetation 266 NA NA WNAI.v13. Blue oak, Quercus douglasii Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 87 1 Absent 10 2 Present 8 4 Only representative of the genus shown on map of dominant vegetation 266 NA NA WNAI.v14. Maul oak or canyon live oak, Quercus chrysolepis Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 75 1 Absent 20 2 Present 10 4 Only representative of the genus shown on map of dominant vegetation 266 NA NA WNAI.v15. California live oak, Quercus agrifolia Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 95 1 Absent 6 2 Present 4 4 Only representative of the genus shown on map of dominant vegetation 266 NA NA WNAI.v16. Interior live oak, Quercus wislizenii Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 93 1 Absent 6 2 Present 6 4 Only representative of the genus shown on map of dominant vegetation 266 NA NA WNAI.v17. California black oak, Quercus kelloggii Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 77 1 Absent 18 2 Present 10 4 Only representative of the genus shown on map of dominant vegetation 266 NA NA WNAI.v18. Tan-oak, Lithocarpus densiflora Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=103; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 86 1 Absent 17 2 Present 268 NA NA WNAI.v19. Emory oak or scrub oak, Quercus emoryi Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 101 1 Absent 3 2 Present 1 3 Very frequent 266 NA NA WNAI.v20. Gambel oak, Quercus gambellii Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 89 1 Absent 15 2 Present 1 3 Very frequent 266 NA NA WNAI.v21. Evergreen oak, Quercus undulata Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 100 1 Absent 5 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v22. Pinyon pine, Pinus edulis Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 79 1 Absent 9 2 Present 17 3 Very frequent 266 NA NA WNAI.v23. Single-leaf pinyon pine, Pinus monophylla Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 81 1 Absent 7 2 Present 17 3 Very frequent 266 NA NA WNAI.v24. Ponderosa or yellow pine, Pinus ponderosa Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 50 1 Absent 55 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v25. Lodge-pole pine, Pinus contorta Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 42 1 Absent 63 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v26. Sugar pine, Pinus lambertiana Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 76 1 Absent 29 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v27. Giant sahuaro cactus, Carnegiea gigantea Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 95 1 Absent 10 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v28. Honey mesquite, Prosopis juliforna (and other mesquite spp.) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 80 1 Absent 22 2 Present 1 3 Very frequent 2 4 Only representative of the genus shown on map of dominant vegetation 266 NA NA WNAI.v29. Screwbean, Prosopis pubescens Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 88 1 Absent 17 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v30. Mescal, Agave parryi Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 102 1 Absent 3 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v31. Mescal, Agave deserti Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 90 1 Absent 15 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v32. Mescal, Agave utahensis Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 97 1 Absent 8 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v33. Mescal, Agave palmeri Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 102 1 Absent 3 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v34. Mescal, Agave conseii Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 103 1 Absent 2 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v35. Mescal, Agave neomexicana Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=103; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 102 1 Absent 1 2 Present 268 NA NA WNAI.v36. Soapweed, Yucca glauca or Datil, Y. baccata Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 90 1 Absent 15 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v37. Sotol, Dasylerion wheeleri Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 101 1 Absent 4 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v38. Prickly-pear cactus, Opuntia engelmannii (and other prickly-pear spp.) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 75 1 Absent 25 2 Present 5 3 Very frequent 266 NA NA WNAI.v39. Cholla cactus, Opuntia arborescens (and other cholla spp.) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 77 1 Absent 23 2 Present 5 3 Very frequent 266 NA NA WNAI.v40. Sand-root, Ammobroma sonorae Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 95 1 Absent 10 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v41. Pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 7 1 Absent 98 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v42. Serviceberry, Amelanchier alnifolia Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 64 1 Absent 41 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v44. Saltbush, Atriplex argentea Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 76 1 Absent 25 2 Present 4 3 Very frequent 266 NA NA WNAI.v45. Western hackberry, Celtis douglasii Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 70 1 Absent 35 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v46. Guaco, Cleome serrulata Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 60 1 Absent 45 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v47. Indian millet, Eriocoma cuspidata Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 58 1 Absent 47 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v48. Common purslane, Portulaca oleracea Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 1 1 Absent 104 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v49. Wild potato, Solanum triflorum and other potato spp. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 65 1 Absent 39 2 Present 267 NA NA WNAI.v50. Yamp, Carum gairdneri Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 71 1 Absent 34 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v51. Thistle, Cirsium acaule, and other Cirsium spp. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 78 1 Absent 27 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v52. Wild rye, Elymus condensatus or sibiricus Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 72 1 Absent 33 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v53. Sunflower, Helianthus annuus Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value 60 1 45 2 266 NA WNAI.v54. Sunflower, Helianthus (all other spp.) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 30 1 Absent 75 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v55. Broomrape, genus Orobanche Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 22 1 Absent 83 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v56. Sand bunchgrass, Rice Grass, Oryzopis spp. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 58 1 Absent 47 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v57. Tobacco-root or Bitterroot, Valeriana edulis Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 84 1 Absent 21 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v58. Camass, genus Camassia Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 48 1 Absent 57 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v59. Braken fern, Pteridium aquilinum Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 37 1 Absent 68 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v60. Western hazelnut or filbert, Corylus californica Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 44 1 Absent 60 2 Present 267 NA NA WNAI.v61. Lupine, Lupinus polyphyllus Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 54 1 Absent 51 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v62. Salal, Gaultheria shallon Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 61 1 Absent 44 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v63. Tiger-lily, Lilium spp. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 62 1 Absent 43 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v64. Wokas or Water-lily, Nymphaea polysepala Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 49 1 Absent 56 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v65. Life Zones in the Tribal Territory Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 15 1 Lower Austral 18 2 Upper Austral 36 3 Transition 15 4 Canadian 5 5 1 and 2 7 6 2 and 3 4 7 3 and 4 1 8 1 and 2 and 3 4 10 2 and 3 and 4 266 NA NA WNAI.v66. Baird's beaked whale, Berardius bairdii Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 76 1 Absent 29 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v67. Pacific beaked whale, Mesoplodon stejnegeri Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 73 1 Absent 32 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v68. Goose-beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 73 1 Absent 32 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v69. Sperm whale, Physeter catodon Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 73 1 Absent 32 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v70. Pygmy sperm whale, Kogia breviceps Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 90 1 Absent 15 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v71. California gray whale, Eschrichtius gibbosus Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 73 1 Absent 32 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v72. Fin-backed whale, Balaenoptera physalus Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 73 1 Absent 32 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v73. Sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 73 1 Absent 32 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v74. Blue whale or Sulphur-bottomed whale, Sibbaldus musculus Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 73 1 Absent 32 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v75. Humped-backed whale, Megaptera novaengliae Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 73 1 Absent 32 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v76. Pacific Right whale, Eubalaena sieboldii Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 73 1 Absent 32 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v77. Gray's porpoise or spotted dolphin, Stenella styx Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 87 1 Absent 18 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v78. Pacific dolphin, Delphinius bairdii Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 85 1 Absent 20 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v79. Gill's bottle-nosed dolphin, Tursiops gillii Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 102 1 Absent 3 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v80. Pacific bottle-nosed dolphin, Tursiops nuuanu Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 102 1 Absent 3 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v81. Northern right-whale dolphin, Lissodelphus borealis Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 73 1 Absent 32 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v82. Pacific white-sided dolphin, Lagenorhynchus obliquidens Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 73 1 Absent 32 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v83. Pacific killer-whale, Grampus rectipinna Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 73 1 Absent 32 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v84. False killer-whale, Pseudorca crassidens Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 84 1 Absent 21 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v85. Pacific blackfish or pilot whale, Globicephala scammonii Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 73 1 Absent 32 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v86. Pacific harbor porpoise, Phocoena vomerina Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 74 1 Absent 31 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v87. Dall's porpoise, Phocoenoides dalli Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 73 1 Absent 32 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v88. Sea-otter, Enhydra lutris Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 73 1 Absent 32 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v89. Northern or Alaskan fur-seal, Callorhinus ursinus Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 73 1 Absent 32 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v90. Guadalupe fur-seal, Arctophoca townsendii Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 102 1 Absent 3 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v91. Northern sea-lion, Eumetopias jubata Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 74 1 Absent 31 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v92. California sea-lion, Zalophus californianus Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 86 1 Absent 19 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v93. Harbor seal, Phoca vitulina Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 73 1 Absent 32 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v94. Northern elephant-seal, Mirounga angustirostris Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 73 1 Absent 32 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v95. Total number of types of the 29 sea mammals available in tribal area Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 72 1 None 1 2 1-5 28 6 21-25 4 7 26-29 266 NA NA WNAI.v96. Cottontail rabbit, Sylvilagus spp. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 30 1 Absent 75 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v97. Jack rabbit, Lepus spp. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=1 Freq Value Description 105 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v98. Beaver, Castor canadensis Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 26 1 Absent 79 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v99. Porcupine, Erethizon dorsatum Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 24 1 Absent 81 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v100. Coyote, Canis latrans Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 9 1 Absent 96 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v101. Wolf, Canis lupus Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 37 1 Absent 68 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v102. Bear, Ursus americanus and other Ursus spp. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 21 1 Absent 84 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v103. Mountain lions, Felis concolor Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 5 1 Absent 100 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v104. Lynx, Lynx canadensis Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 60 1 Absent 45 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v105. Bobcat, Lynx rufus Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 13 1 Absent 92 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v106. Wapiti (Elk), Cervus spp. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 37 1 Absent or very rare 59 2 C. canadensis present 2 3 C. nannodes present 7 4 C. merriami present 266 NA NA WNAI.v107. Black-tailed deer or mule deer, Odocoileus hemionus Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 1 1 Absent 104 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v108. White-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginiana Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 59 1 Absent 46 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v109. Moose, Alces alces Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 89 1 Absent 16 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v110. Caribou, Rangifer spp. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 95 1 Absent 10 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v111. Pronghorn antelope, Antilocapra americana Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 63 1 Absent 42 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v112. Bison, Bison bison Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 99 1 Absent 6 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v113. Mountain goat, Oreamnos americanus Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 80 1 Absent 25 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v114. Mountain sheep, Ovis canadensis Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 59 1 Absent 46 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v115. Total number of 19 species of land mammals available in tribal area. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 45 3 5-10 48 4 11-15 12 5 16-19 266 NA NA WNAI.v116. Western sea-lamprey, Entosphenus tridentatus Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 39 1 Absent 66 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v117. White sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 63 1 Absent 42 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v118. Cutthroat trout, Salmo clarkii, and Rainbow trout, S. gairdnerii Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 28 1 Absent 77 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v119. Dolly Varden char, Salvelinus malma Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 51 1 Absent 54 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v120. Rocky Mountain whitefish, Coregonus spp. and lake whitefish Prosopium spp. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 76 1 Absent 29 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v121. Suckers, family Catostomidae, Catostomus spp., Chamistes spp., Deltistes spp., Pantosteus spp., Xyrauchen texanus Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 44 1 Absent 61 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v122. Chinook or king salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 47 1 Absent 58 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v123. Coho or silver salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 55 1 Absent 50 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v124. Pink or humpback salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 83 1 Absent 22 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v125. Sockeye or red salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 74 1 Absent 31 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v126. Chum or dog salmon, Oncorhynchus keta Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 74 1 Absent 31 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v127. Steelhead trout, Salmon gairdnerii irideus, S. g. newberryi Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 47 1 Absent 58 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v128. Number of salmon and steelhead anadromous species present in tribal area Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 44 0 0 3 1 1 8 2 2 14 3 3 10 4 4 7 5 5 19 6 6 266 NA NA WNAI.v129. Herring, Clupea pallasii Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 73 1 Absent 32 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v130. Sardine or California pilchard, Sardinops sagax Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 73 1 Absent 32 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v131. Eulachon or candlefish, Thaleichthys pacificus Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 77 1 Absent 28 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v132. Pacific halibut, Hippoglossus steno Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 73 1 Absent 32 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v133. Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 75 1 Absent 30 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v134. Surf smelt, Hypomesus pretiosus Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 75 1 Absent 30 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v135. Quantity of fish available in tribal territory: Average annual production in pounds per square mile of territory Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 7 1 Fishless or very nearly so 25 2 Less than 50 7 3 50-100 13 4 100-200 2 5 200-300 5 6 400-600 46 7 800-1000 266 NA NA WNAI.v136. Relative amount of fish used as food by tribe Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 6 1 Tribes reported as never eating fish 24 2 Fish contributed very little to diet 11 3 Fish commonly eaten, but a supplement and not a staple 25 4 Fish a staple but no more important than game or plants 39 5 Fish the most important staple 266 NA NA WNAI.v137. Swans, Olor spp. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 32 1 Absent 72 2 Present 267 NA NA WNAI.v138. Canada goose, Branta canadensis Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=102; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 11 1 Absent 91 2 Present 269 NA NA WNAI.v139. Mallard duck, Amas platyrhynchos Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=102; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 4 1 Absent 98 2 Present 269 NA NA WNAI.v140. Turkey, Meleagris gallopavo Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 96 1 Absent 9 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v141. Harpoon for hunting sea mammals Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 75 1 Harpoon probably absent 22 2 Harpoon without float 8 3 Harpoon with inflated float 266 NA NA WNAI.v142. Devices used to direct or restrict land mammal movement Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 31 1 Probably neither fences nor nets were used 22 2 A stationary fence or enclosure was used 18 3 A portable net 33 4 Both fences and nets were used 267 NA NA WNAI.v143. Pitfalls for snaring land mammals Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=102; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 53 1 Probably absent 49 2 Present 269 NA NA WNAI.v144. Deadfalls for snaring land mammals Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 26 1 Probably absent 29 2 Stone only 44 3 Logs, or combinations of logs and stones, but not stones alone 6 4 Stones, or logs, or combination of logs and stones 266 NA NA WNAI.v145. Fish nets and seines Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=102; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 26 1 Probably no nets 9 2 Only small hand nets 67 3 Gills nets and seines 269 NA NA WNAI.v146. Fish weirs and traps Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=103; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 24 1 Probably no weirs and traps 10 2 Simple pens or obstructions, or traps without weirs 69 3 Weirs equipped with traps 268 NA NA WNAI.v147. Fish spears Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 69 1 Leister probably absent 36 2 Leister present 266 NA NA WNAI.v148. Fish harpoons Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 35 1 Probably no fish harpoons 16 2 Single point 40 3 Double point 13 4 Both single and double point 267 NA NA WNAI.v149. Containers for gathering seeds Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=100; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 40 1 Probably no seeds gathered or no report of seed-gathering containers 45 2 Basketry 4 3 Hide 8 4 Both basketry and hides 3 5 Both pottery and basketry 271 NA NA WNAI.v150. Kinds of digging sticks Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 3 1 Probably absent 34 2 Crutch-handled 68 3 Straight-handled 266 NA NA WNAI.v151. Poles, tongs, cutters for gathering wild plants Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=100; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 44 1 Probably all absent 37 2 Gathering poles 1 3 Cactus tongs 7 5 Both gathering poles and cactus tongs 2 6 Both gathering poles and end-bladed mescal cutters 9 7 All three devices: poles, tongs, and cutters 271 NA NA WNAI.v152. Maize cultivated at time of first contact with Europeans Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 86 1 Probably not cultivated 19 2 Cultivated 266 NA NA WNAI.v153. Irrigation of cultivated plants Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 90 1 Probably no irrigation 3 2 Only natural flood irrigation 2 4 Irrigation ditches dug and maintained (item (B) in symbol category of Map Cu-23) 8 5 Both wing fences, etc., and ditches (items (B) and (C) in symbol category of Map Cu-23) 1 6 Both natural flood and ditches 1 7 Both natural flood and wing fences 266 NA NA WNAI.v154. Sticklike farming tools Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=101; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 86 1 None of the below 3 2 Pointed stick 2 5 Both pointed stick and end-bladed stick 5 6 Both pointed stick and swordlike tool 5 7 All three: pointed, end-bladed, swordlike 270 NA NA WNAI.v155. Method of boiling food Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 20 1 Boiling done directly over fire, in pottery or steatile containers 64 2 Heated stones dropped into container 20 3 Both direct fire and stone boiling 267 NA NA WNAI.v156. Acorn preparation Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=101; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 39 1 Acorns not eaten 13 2 Eaten without leaching 15 3 Ground before leaching 11 4 Whole kernel immersed in cold water or buried in mud 1 5 Boiled whole with lye to leach 22 6 Both ground before leaching and whole kernel immersed in cold water or buried 270 NA NA WNAI.v157. Stone food mortars Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 41 1 Probably no stone food mortars 19 2 Portable hollowed mortar 34 3 Portable slab or block mortar 11 4 Both hollowed and slab or block 266 NA NA WNAI.v158. Wooden food mortars Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 77 1 Probably no wooden food mortars 12 2 In end of log 9 3 In side of log 1 4 Slab, block, or plank 6 5 Both in end of log and side of log 266 NA NA WNAI.v159. Milling stones Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 61 1 Probably no milling stones used 22 2 Milling stones had round or oval shape; not set within a bin 7 3 Rectangloid slab, not in a bin 3 5 Round or oval and rectangloid shapes used, not in bin 7 6 Rectangloid slab in wooden bin 5 7 Three types used: round or oval and rectangloid slab not in bin ,and rectangloid trough 266 NA NA WNAI.v160. Method of drying meat Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 30 1 Meat dried only in sun or air, or smoking not reported 75 2 Meat smoked or fire dried 266 NA NA WNAI.v161. Seed-parching instruments Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 39 1 Probably no parching of seeds done 2 2 Parched on flat stone 43 3 In basketry container 13 4 In pottery container 8 5 In both basketry and pottery containers 266 NA NA WNAI.v162. Salt (sodium chloride) added to food Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 39 1 Probably absent 66 2 Present 266 NA NA WNAI.v163. Dominant boat types: those most frequent or preferred Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 13 1 No boats or rafts of any kind 8 2 Log or pole raft 23 3 Balsa 3 4 Round hide boat 8 5 Bark canoe 47 6 Dugout canoe 1 7 Plank canoe 1 8 Both log or pole raft and dugout canoe 267 NA NA WNAI.v164. Dominant house type: the type preferred for winter dwelling Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 3 1 Double lean-to 25 2 Crude conical tipi, covered with brush, bark, and perhaps unsewn hides 3 3 Mohave-type with four-pitch roof 3 4 Plains type of conical tipi, with sewn hide cover in nineteenth century 32 5 Rectangular plank house with vertical walls 18 6 Domed house 14 7 Semisubterranean, circular, earth-covered lodge 7 8 Pueblo type: rectangular, vertical walls, nearly flat roof, multiple stories, and multiple rooms clustered together 266 NA NA WNAI.v165. Conical or subconical dwellings Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 51 1 No conical or subconical dwellings 25 2 No specified number of poles, or number of poles not mentioned 6 3 Three-pole foundation 18 4 Four-pole foundation 5 5 Both three-pole and four-pole foundation 266 NA NA WNAI.v166. House-covering made of hide and thatch Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 44 1 Neither hide nor thatch house covering 8 2 House covering of hide 44 3 House covering of thatch 9 4 Both hide and thatch house covering 266 NA NA WNAI.v167. House-covering made of bark or mats Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 29 1 Neither bark nor mat house covering 35 2 House covering of bark 17 3 House covering of woven or sewn mat 24 4 Both bark and mat house covering 266 NA NA WNAI.v168. House-covering or exterior made of stone or earth materials Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 36 1 Neither stone, adobe, wattle, nor sod 62 2 Covering of unprocessed earth or sod 7 3 Walls of stone, adobe, or mud wattle 266 NA NA WNAI.v169. House floor-level and entrance Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 38 1 Neither semisubterranean floor nor tunnel entrance 35 2 Semisubterranean floor 4 3 Tunnel entrance 27 4 Both semisubterranean floor and tunnel entrance 267 NA NA WNAI.v170. Headgear of woven plant materials Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 44 1 No headgear of woven plant materials 14 2 Rainhat with brim worn by both sexes 15 3 Brimless or less-brimmed cap worn by both sexes 32 4 Brimless or less-brimmed cap worn only by women 266 NA NA WNAI.v171. Headgear made of hide or fur Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=100; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 39 1 No headgear of hide or fur 41 2 Brimless fur cap 4 3 Fur cap with visor 9 4 Buckskin cap 7 5 Brimless fur cap and buckskin cap 271 NA NA WNAI.v172. Robes or capes made of fur Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=103; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 17 1 No robes or capes made of fur 31 2 Made of single large hide with fur 17 3 Made of multiple small hides with fur, sewn together 38 4 Both single large and multiple small hides with fur 268 NA NA WNAI.v173. Robes or capes made of buckskin or of strips of small furs fastened together but not sewn together Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=103; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 27 1 Absent 41 2 Of twined, woven, netted strips of fur 16 3 Of buckskin, dehaired 19 4 Both twined and dehaired buckskin 268 NA NA WNAI.v174. Robes or capes made of wool, hair or feathers Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=103; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 83 1 Absent 12 2 Of woven wool or hair 8 3 Of feather covering over woven or netted foundation 268 NA NA WNAI.v175. Robes or capes made of plant materials Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=102; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 46 1 Absence of these 27 2 Were made of woven plant materials 22 3 Made of unwoven plant materials 7 4 Made of both woven and unwoven plant materials 269 NA NA WNAI.v176. Shirts and Dresses Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=102; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 48 1 Neither Plains type nor Pueblo type of shirts and dresses 12 3 Plains type of men's buckskin shirt with flaps to elbow 1 4 Plains type of women's buckskin dress with flaps to elbow 34 5 Plains type of apparel worn by both men and women 7 6 Both Pueblo type of women's apparel and Plains type of men's apparel worn 269 NA NA WNAI.v177. Breechclout Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=102; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 26 1 No breechclout of hide or plant material 44 2 Of hide 17 3 Of plant material 15 4 Both hide and plant material 269 NA NA WNAI.v178. Skirt or kilt made of animal materials Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=102; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 53 1 No skirt or kilt of animal materials 40 2 Of hide or fur 9 4 Both hide or fur and woven wool or hair 269 NA NA WNAI.v179. Skirt or kilt made of plant materials Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=101; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 48 1 No skirt or kilt of plant materials 11 2 Of spun and woven materials 41 3 Of unspun and unwoven materials 1 4 Both spun and woven, and unspun and unwoven materials 270 NA NA WNAI.v180. Material used for apron Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=99; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 34 1 No apron 25 2 Made of hide or fur 19 3 Made of plant materials 20 5 Both hide or fur and plant materials used 1 7 Hide or fur, plant materials, and woven wool all used 272 NA NA WNAI.v181. Position of apron Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=100; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 34 1 No apron 24 2 Front apron 42 4 Both front and back apron 271 NA NA WNAI.v182. Moccasins Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 21 1 Neither hard- nor soft-soled moccasins 33 2 Hard- (separate-) soled 36 3 Soft- (continuous-) soled 15 4 Both hard- and soft-soled 266 NA NA WNAI.v183. Sandals Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 81 1 Neither hide nor plant material used in sandals 4 2 Hide used as material for sandals 15 3 Plant material used for sandals 5 4 Both hide and plant material used for sandals 266 NA NA WNAI.v184. Mittens and Muffs Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 55 1 Absent 28 2 Hide or fur mittens 18 3 Fur muff 4 4 Both 2 and 3 266 NA NA WNAI.v185. Basketry weaves Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 1 1 Both twining and coiling absent 45 2 Twining done exclusively, or definitely was more frequent 3 3 Coiling done exclusively, or definitely was more frequent 56 4 Both twining and coil 266 NA NA WNAI.v186. Weaving devices Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 44 1 No weaving device 5 2 One-bar or one-cord device, suspended warp 42 3 Two-bar frame without heddles 9 4 Two-bar frame with heddles 4 5 Both one-bar and two-bar devices without heddles 1 6 Both one-bar and two-bar devices with heddles 266 NA NA WNAI.v187. Agricultural and horticultural production Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 57 1 No agriculture is practiced 4 2 Incipient horticulture of food crops practiced only 2 3 Incipient horticulture of nonfood crops only 24 5 Agriculture confined to nonfood crops 8 6 Agriculture is practiced, but does not produce the dominant foodstuffs in the average diet (Less than half the total foodstuffs) 9 7 Agriculture is practiced, and produces the dominant foodstuffs in the average diet (More than half the total foodstuffs) 267 NA NA WNAI.v188. Agricultural products and incipient horticulture done not for food Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 65 1 Neither cotton or tobacco grown 7 2 Cotton grown 30 3 Tobacco grown 2 4 Cotton and tobacco grown 267 NA NA WNAI.v189. Agricultural products grown for food Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 86 1 No edible products grown 1 2 Maize only 1 3 Maize and squash 12 4 Maize, beans, squashes 5 5 Maize, beans, squashes, and any of the following: pigweed or sunflower or panicgrass or barnyard grass or maguey 266 NA NA WNAI.v190. Agricultural products grown for beverages Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 102 1 No beverage crops grown 1 2 Maguey or sotol 1 8 Mesquite or screwbean, and maize, and cacti, and either maguey or sotol 267 NA NA WNAI.v191. External sources of agricultural products for food Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=102; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 96 1 No extralocal trade for agricultural food stuffs 6 2 Maize, beans, squash are predominant foods traded for (bartered, received as gifts, etc.) extralocally 269 NA NA WNAI.v192. External sources of agricultural products for beverages Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=102; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 101 1 No extralocal trade for agricultural beverage crops 1 3 Mesquite or screwbean are predominant beverage crops traded for extralocally 269 NA NA WNAI.v193. Probable percentage of diet contributed by agricultural foodstuffs acquired locally Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 87 1 0% 3 2 1-10% 1 3 11-25% 6 4 26-50% 8 5 51-100% 266 NA NA WNAI.v194. Probable percentage of diet contributed by agricultural foodstuffs acquired extralocally Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=102; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 95 1 0% 7 2 1-10% 269 NA NA WNAI.v195. External sources of agricultural products used as nonfood or for beverages Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=96; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 82 1 No extralocal trade for nonfood agricultural products 11 2 Cultivated tobacco traded for (bartered, received as gifts, etc.) extralocally 3 3 Cotton traded for extralocally 275 NA NA WNAI.v196. Animal husbandry--before contact with Europeans Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=103; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 7 1 No pre-Contact domesticates 92 2 Pre-Contact use of domesticated dogs (for eating, ceremonial eating, transportation, watchdogs, sources of wool, or for hunting) 4 4 Pre-Contact use of domesticated dogs and one or more other small animals 268 NA NA WNAI.v197. Local "fishing"--procurement of all types of aquatic animals (shellfish, aquatic mammals, and fish) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 17 1 Absent or minimal (less than 5% of diet) 27 2 Tertiary, 5-25% of diet 24 3 Secondary, 25-50% of diet 37 4 Dominant, over 50% of diet 266 NA NA WNAI.v198. Predominant aquatic animal extracted Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 17 1 Absent 85 2 Fish (salmon, halibut, etc.) 3 5 Equal catches of fish and collections of shellfish, neither amount predominating 266 NA NA WNAI.v199. Percentage of diet contributed by aquatic animals Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 17 1 0% 8 2 1-10% 22 3 11-25% 21 4 26-50% 37 5 51-100% 266 NA NA WNAI.v200. External sources of aquatic animals Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=83; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 44 1 No extralocal trade for fish, shellfish, or large aquatic animals 29 2 Fish or fish by-products traded for (by bartering, gift exchange, etc.) extralocally 1 3 Large aquatic animals traded for extralocally 1 4 Shellfish and small aquatic animals traded for extralocally 1 5 Fish and large aquatic animals traded for extralocally 6 6 Fish and shellfish traded for extralocally 1 7 Large aquatic animals and shellfish traded for extralocally 288 NA NA WNAI.v201. Percentage of diet contributed by external aquatic animals Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=83; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 43 1 0% 38 2 1-10% 2 3 11-25% 288 NA NA WNAI.v202. Local hunting--procurement of all types of game (fowl, large mammals, etc.) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 60 2 Tertiary, 5-25% of diet 43 3 Secondary, 25-50% of diet 2 4 Dominant, over 50% of diet 266 NA NA WNAI.v203. Predominant types of animals for which groups hunt Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=11 Freq Value Description 1 2 Fowls or other birds (sage chickens, ducks, geese, swans etc.) 13 3 Small land mammals which are not herd animals (rabbits, hares, rats, gophers, beavers, etc.) 49 4 Large sized (e.g., moose, elk) or medium-sized land mammals (e.g., deer, big-horn sheep, mountain goats, antelopes) that live in medium or small herds 3 5 Large land mammals that live in large herds (e.g., bison or caribou) 2 6 Equally types 2 and 3, no single type dominant 9 7 Equally types 2 and 4, no single type dominant 2 8 Equally types 2 and 5, no single type dominant 18 10 Equally types 3 and 4, no single type dominant 1 12 Equally types 4 and 5, no single type dominant 6 13 Equally types 2, 3, and 4, no single type dominant 1 16 Equally types 3, 4, and 5, no single type dominant 266 NA NA WNAI.v204. Probable percentage of diet contributed by procuring (hunting) large game, small animals, and fowl locally Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 15 2 1-10% 44 3 11-25% 44 4 26-50% 2 5 51-100% 266 NA NA WNAI.v205. External sources of game, small animals, or fowl Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=72; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 54 1 No extralocal trade for animals procured by hunting 13 4 Medium-sized game (deer, mountain sheep, mountain goats, antelopes) traded for extralocally 2 5 Large game (elk, caribou, bison, moose, or bear) traded for extralocally (trade includes barter, gift exchange, and so forth) 1 10 Both 3 & 4 2 12 Both 4 & 5 299 NA NA WNAI.v206. Probable percentage of diet contributed by large game, small Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=72; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 56 1 0% 15 2 1-10% 1 3 11-25% 299 NA NA WNAI.v207. Local gathering--all food sources (nuts, seeds, berries, and roots) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 37 2 Gathering is practiced, and it contributes a tertiary food source in the average diet (approximately between a twentieth and a quarter of the normal diet) 38 3 Gathering is practiced, and it contributes a secondary food source in the average diet (approximately between a quarter and a half of the normal diet) 30 4 Gathering is practiced, and it contributes the dominant foodstuffs in the average diet (more than half of the normal diet) 266 NA NA WNAI.v208. Predominant types of foods gathered Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 4 2 Gathering consists predominantly in the collecting of wild herbs, or roots, or tubers, or all of these 17 3 Gathering consists predominantly in the collecting of wild seeds, or wild berries, or wild fruits (e.g., plums) or all of these 30 4 Gathering consists predominantly in the collecting of wild nuts or leaves, or both 41 5 Gathering consists of 2 and 3, neither being dominant 1 6 Gathering consists of 2 and 4, neither being dominant 8 7 Gathering consists of 3 and 4, neither being dominant 4 8 Gathering consists of 2, 3, and 5, none being clearly dominant 266 NA NA WNAI.v209. External sources of roots, nuts, seeds, berries, fruit, tubers, or leaves, etc. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=65; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 24 1 No extralocal trade (through barter, gift exchange, etc.) for roots, nuts, etc. 5 2 Wild herbs, roots, or tubers traded for extralocally 8 3 Wild seeds, berries, or fruits traded for extralocally 8 4 Wild nuts or leaves traded for extralocally 5 5 Both 2 and 3 4 6 Both 2 and 4 7 7 Both 3 and 4 4 8 2, 3, and 4 306 NA NA WNAI.v210. Probable percentage of diet contributed by roots, seeds, berries, nuts. leaves, tubers, etc. procured extralocally Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=65; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 24 1 0% 40 2 1-10% 1 3 11-25% 306 NA NA WNAI.v211. Probable percentage of diet contributed by roots, seeds, berries, nuts. leaves, tubers, etc. procured locally Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 20 2 1-10% 19 3 11-25% 37 4 26-50% 29 5 51-100% 266 NA NA WNAI.v212. Dominant land-transportation of food or other goods Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 17 1 No appreciable land-transport of any subsistence goods 80 2 Land-transport of subsistence goods is done exclusively by human carriers 8 4 Land-transport of subsistence goods is done by humans and dogs 266 NA NA WNAI.v213. Dominant water-transportation of food or other goods Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 28 1 Watercraft are not used for transport 23 2 Small watercraft are used to carry light loads (about 200 lb) for short distances over placid water (20 feet to 1/2 mile) 31 3 Watercraft are used to carry medium loads (about 300-600 lb) for medium distances (from 20 feet to several miles, across lakes, rivers, or even for short distances at sea) over turbulent water 22 5 Watercraft are used to carry large loads medium distances 267 NA NA WNAI.v214. General availability of local subsistence resources Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 1 1 The food sources utilized by the society are notably constant from year to year, season to season, and day to day, so that an adequate supply for daily needs is regularly available by the expenditure of a reasonable amount of effort 104 2 The food sources are constant from year to year and season to season, but there is substantial diurnal variation in the available supply, owing to chance factors such as the success or failure of hunters on particular days 266 NA NA WNAI.v215. Major storage place for food: the place most preferred or frequently used Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=102; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 17 2 In pits, caves, or rock shelters 35 3 In dwelling or on high platform or house roof 17 4 In special storage structure, e.g., masonry granary 15 5 3 and 4 9 6 2 and 3 9 8 2 and 4 269 NA NA WNAI.v216. Maximum length of time food is stored Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=103; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 2 2 Two to six months 82 3 Seven months to a year 19 4 More than one year 268 NA NA WNAI.v217. Weaving of nets, baskets, or mats Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 102 2 Weaving is predominantly a female activity 2 3 Weaving is predominantly a male activity 267 NA NA WNAI.v218. Specialized weaving of nets, baskets, or mats Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=76; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 43 2 No specialization other than sex 33 3 Select people who possess either special skills or supernatural power, or both 295 NA NA WNAI.v219. Production task-groups for weaving of nets, baskets, or mats Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 103 2 Weaving of nets, baskets, or mats is practiced, but not by task groups 1 3 Weaving by task groups whose members, male or female, are not necessarily related as kin or affines, nor are they necessarily relatives 267 NA NA WNAI.v220. Weaving of cotton-wool-hair into garments Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 75 1 No weaving of cotton, wool, or hair into garments 20 2 Predominantly a female activity 5 3 Predominantly a male activity 5 4 Weaving of cotton, wool, or hair into garments is done by both sexes, neither clearly predominating 266 NA NA WNAI.v221. Specialized weaving of cotton, wool, or hair into garments Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=98; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 75 1 No weaving of cotton, wool, or hair into garments 3 2 No specialization in weaving of cotton, wool, or hair, other than perhaps sex 20 3 Select people who possess either special skills or supernatural power, or both, do specialized weaving of cotton, wool, or hair garments 273 NA NA WNAI.v222. Task-groups weave cotton-wool-hair into garments Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=101; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 75 1 No local weaving of cotton, wool, or hair 26 2 Weaving of cotton, wool, or hair is practiced, but not by task groups 270 NA NA WNAI.v223. Leather-hide-working: dressing skins locally Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 45 2 Leather-working is predominantly men's work 30 3 Leather-working is predominantly women's work 18 4 Leather-working is done by both sexes, neither clearly predominating 278 NA NA WNAI.v224. Specialized hide-working Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=72; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 66 2 No specialization other than perhaps sex 6 3 Select people who possess either special skills or supernatural power, or both, specialize in hide working 299 NA NA WNAI.v225. Production task-groups in leather-hide-working Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=102; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 101 2 Hides worked, but not by task groups 1 4 Hides are worked by male task groups whose members are predominantly kin-related 269 NA NA WNAI.v226. Pottery manufacture Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=102; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 72 1 No pottery is manufactured locally 1 2 Pottery manufacture is predominantly men's work 28 3 Pottery manufacture is predominantly women's work 1 4 Pottery manufacture is done by both sexes, neither clearly predominating 269 NA NA WNAI.v227. Specialized pottery manufacture Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 72 1 No pottery manufactured 9 2 No specialization other than perhaps sex 11 3 Select people who possess either special skills or supernatural power, or both, specialize in pottery manufacture 279 NA NA WNAI.v228. Production task-groups for pottery Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=101; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 72 1 No pottery made locally 29 2 Pottery made, but not by task groups 270 NA NA WNAI.v229. Boat building: all types of watercraft Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 28 1 No watercraft built locally 76 3 Watercraft primarily built by men 267 NA NA WNAI.v230. Specialization of boat building for all types of watercraft Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=90; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 28 1 No watercraft are built 27 2 No specialization other than perhaps sex 35 3 Select people who possess either special skills or supernatural power, or both, specialize in boat building 281 NA NA WNAI.v231. Production task-groups in boat building Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 28 1 No boats built locally 62 2 Boats are built, but not by task groups 3 4 Boats are built by male task groups whose members are predominantly kin-related 278 NA NA WNAI.v232. House construction: dominant types or types in which people Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=101; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 7 1 Houses built primarily by women 85 2 Houses built primarily by men 9 3 Houses built by men and women, neither clearly predominating 270 NA NA WNAI.v233. Specialization in house construction Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=96; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 69 1 No specialization other than perhaps sex 27 2 Select people who possess either special skills or supernatural power, or both, specialize in house construction 275 NA NA WNAI.v234. Production task-groups in house construction Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=87; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 28 1 Houses are not built by task-groups 2 2 Houses are built by task groups whose members, male or female, are not necessarily related, and if related, are neither predominantly affines or kin 42 3 Houses are built by male task groups whose members are predominantly kin-related 5 4 Houses are built by male task groups whose members are predominantly affine-related 10 7 Houses are built by task groups composed of male and female members primarily kin-related 284 NA NA WNAI.v236. Specialization in gathering Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=100; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 3 1 No gathering practiced or no specialization in tasks 90 2 No specialization in gathering other than those based on sex 7 3 Select people who possess either special skills or supernatural power, or both, specialize in gathering, if only as leaders or directors of the tasks 271 NA NA WNAI.v237. Role of children and the aged in gathering Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=80; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 3 1 Children or the aged (or both groups) do not help in gathering 77 2 Children or the aged (or both groups) do help in gathering 291 NA NA WNAI.v238. Production task-groups in gathering Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=56; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 10 2 Gathering is not done by task-groups 45 4 Gathering is done by female task groups whose members are predominantly kin-related 1 6 Gathering is done by female task groups whose members are neither predominantly kin nor affine-related 315 NA NA WNAI.v240. Role of children and the aged in hunting Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=69; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 1 1 No hunting is practiced 54 2 Neither children nor the aged help in hunting 11 4 Children help in hunting, but the aged do not 3 5 Both children and the aged help in hunting 302 NA NA WNAI.v241. Specialization in hunting Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=90; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 1 1 No hunting is practiced, or there is no specialization in tasks 20 2 No hunting specialization other than that which is based on sex 69 3 Select people who possess either special skills or supernatural power, or both, specialize in hunting, if only as leaders or directors of the tasks 281 NA NA WNAI.v242. Production task-groups in hunting Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=103; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 5 2 Hunting is not done by task-groups 2 3 Hunting is done by task groups whose members, male or female, are not necessarily related, and if related, are neither predominantly affines or kin 96 4 Hunting is done by male task groups whose members are predominantly kin-related 268 NA NA WNAI.v243. Division of labor of fishing: all forms of animal extraction from water, including true fishing, capturing of sea-mammals, and shellfishing Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=103; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 16 1 No extraction of animals from water is practiced 84 2 Fishing is principally done by males 1 3 Fishing is principally done by females 2 4 Fishing is done by males and females, neither clearly predominating 268 NA NA WNAI.v244. Role of children and the aged in fishing Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=61; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 16 1 No extraction of animals from water is practiced 40 2 Neither children nor the aged help in fishing 1 3 The aged help in fishing, but children do not 1 4 Children help in fishing, but the aged do not 3 5 Both children and the aged help in fishing 310 NA NA WNAI.v245. Production task-groups in fishing Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=99; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 16 1 No fishing 19 2 Fishing is not done by task-groups 1 3 Fishing is done by task groups whose members, male or female, are not necessarily related, and if related, are neither predominantly affines or kin 63 4 Fishing is done by male task groups whose members are predominantly kin-related 272 NA NA WNAI.v246. Specialization in fishing Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=58; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 17 1 No fishing is practiced, or there is no specialization in tasks 17 2 No specialization of fishing or sea-mammal hunting other than that which is based on sex 24 3 Select people who possess either special skills or supernatural power, or both, specialize in fishing, if only as leaders or directors of the tasks 313 NA NA WNAI.v248. Role of children and the aged in agriculture Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=101; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 87 1 No agriculture is practiced 7 2 Neither children nor the aged help in agriculture 7 4 Children help in agriculture, but the aged do not 270 NA NA WNAI.v249. Specialization in agriculture Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 90 1 No agriculture, or there is no specialization in tasks 7 2 No agricultural specialization other than that which is based on sex 7 3 Select people who possess either special skills or supernatural power, or both, specialize in agriculture, if only as leaders or directors of the tasks 267 NA NA WNAI.v250. Production task-groups in agriculture Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 86 1 No agriculture 9 2 Agriculture is not done by task-groups 9 4 Agriculture is done by male task groups whose members are predominantly kin-related 267 NA NA WNAI.v251. Division of labor of agriculture Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 86 1 No agriculture practiced 13 3 Agriculture is principally male work 6 4 Agriculture is done by males and females, neither clearly predominating 266 NA NA WNAI.v252. Reciprocity distribution of food and chattels within a society (intracommunity or local residence group) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 70 2 Food and/or chattels are predominantly distributed on a balanced or equal basis, i.e., donors and recipients reverse roles on a fairly equal basis and contribute and receive food and/or chattels more or less equally 1 4 Food and/or chattels are predominantly distributed on a negative basis, i.e., some people possess or have access to much more food and/or many more chattels than other people. A pattern obtains where the possessors of plenty provide for the needy as the exigencies dictate; but the needy recipients, in turn, pay back a greater quantity of food and/or chattels to the original donor than they received (The return payment may be deferred for a season or more 13 5 Both 2 and 3 obtain, neither clearly predominates 12 6 Both 2 and 4 obtain, neither clearly predominates 9 8 2, 3, and 4 obtain, none clearly predominates 266 NA NA WNAI.v253. Redistribution of food and chattels within a society (intracommunity or local residence group) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 9 1 There is no redistribution of chattels and/or food 41 2 Food and/or chattels are collected predominantly by individuals who are not necessarily lineage, deme, nor household heads, and these objects are then redistributed among the people in the local residence group--among kin and/or nonkin 1 3 Food and/or chattels are collected predominantly by individuals who are lineage, deme, or household heads, and these objects are then redistributed among the people in the local residence group--among kin and/or nonkin 10 4 Food and/or chattels are collected predominantly by individuals who represent the local residence group as a whole (such as chief, village headman, and the like) rather than simply a deme, lineage, or household, and these objects are then redistributed among the people in the local residence group--among kin and/or nonkin 15 5 Both 2 and 3 are practiced, neither clearly predominates 3 6 Both 2 and 4 are practiced, neither clearly predominates 18 7 Both 3 and 4 are practiced, neither clearly predominates 8 8 2, 3, and 4 are practiced, none clearly predominates 266 NA NA WNAI.v254. Sharing of access to local food resources as a form of distribution within the society (intracommunity or local residence group) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 57 1 Most local food resources are viewed as being either communal property or free and available to all 19 2 Most local food resources such as animals on specific tidewater flats, roots on specific grounds, fields of corn, are viewed as being private properties of units within the local community, such as demes, lineages, or households, yet access to these resources is provided to other units within the local community 4 3 Most local food resources such as fish and shellfish on tidewater flats, roots on specific grounds, fields of corn and beans, are viewed as being private properties of units within the local community, such as demes, lineages, or households, access to these resources is not provided to other units within the local community 11 4 Most local food resources are viewed as being private properties of individual persons within the local communities, yet access to these resources is provided to other people within the local community 1 5 Most local food resources are viewed as being private properties of individual persons, and access to these resources is not provided to other people within the local community 8 6 Both 2 and 4 are present, neither clearly predominates 1 7 Both 2 and 5 are present, neither clearly predominates 3 8 Both 3 and 4 are present, none clearly predominates 1 11 1, 2, and 4 are present, none clearly predominates 266 NA NA WNAI.v255. Ceremonialism or etiquette in intracommunity reciprocity of food and/or chattels Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 5 1 No reciprocity 24 2 Reciprocity, but no ceremonialism of any sort 22 3 Ceremonialism is present when food and/or chattels are reciprocated; e.g., the recipient returns food and/or chattels to the original donor in a particular way at an appropriate time 54 4 Both reciprocity without ceremonialism and ceremonialism 266 NA NA WNAI.v256. Ceremonialism or etiquette in intracommunity redistribution of food and/or chattels Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 12 1 No redistribution of food and/or chattels 2 2 Redistribution in which there is no ceremonialism of any sort and in which recipients of food and/or chattels are treated about equally 3 3 Redistribution with ceremony in which the donor provides food for the ceremony, and all who attend receive about equal shares regardless of differences in status, rank, or kinship 2 4 Redistribution in which there is ceremonialism and in which recipients of food and/or chattels are treated about equally 22 5 Redistribution in which there is some ceremonialism and in which recipients receive food and/or chattels differentially; e.g., nonkin receive more than kin or vice versa, the people of highest rank receive more than those of lowest rank, the people with the greatest prestige are the first to receive gifts, and so forth 28 6 Both 2 and 4 36 7 Both 2 and 3 266 NA NA WNAI.v257. Ceremonialism or etiquette in intracommunity use of privately owned food resources and/or chattels Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 42 1 No or few privately owned food resources and/or chattels 9 2 No intracommunity use of privately owned food resources and/or chattels permitted; therefore no ceremonialism 2 3 No ceremonialism or etiquette is involved in exploiting food resources or using chattels recognized as belonging to others 28 4 Some ceremonialism or etiquette is involved in gaining access to the food resources or the use of chattels recognized as belonging to others; e.g., invitations are extended, use is requested, affines are expected to use the resources and/or chattels, and so forth 24 5 Both 3 and 4 266 NA NA WNAI.v258. Reciprocity distribution of food and chattels between (or among) societies (intercommunity or extralocal residence-group reciprocity) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 10 1 There is no reciprocity between or among extralocal groups 79 2 Food and/or chattels are predominantly distributed on a balanced or equal basis, i.e., donors and recipients reverse roles on a fairly equal basis and contribute and receive food and/or chattels more or less equally 5 3 Food and/or chattels are predominantly distributed on a generalized basis, i.e., people in the local group possess or have access to much more food and/or many more chattels than people in another local group. A pattern obtains where the possessors of plenty are generalized donors and those who possess less are generalized recipients. The recipients do not reciprocate to the donors in amount 1 4 Food and/or chattels are predominantly distributed on a negative basis, i.e., people in the local group possess or have access to much more food and/or many more chattels than people in other local groups. A pattern obtains where the possessors of plenty provide for the needy as the exigencies dictate; but the needy recipients, in turn, pay back as negative donors a greater quantity of food and/or chattels to the original donor than they received (The return payment may be deferred for a season or more 1 6 Negative reciprocity (as in #4) in which the local group is the negative recipient of food and/or chattels from a group that possesses plenty (or from several groups), rather than being the possessors and donors of plenty themselves 5 7 Both 2 and 3 obtain, neither clearly predominates 4 8 Both 3 and 4 obtain, none clearly predominates 266 NA NA WNAI.v259. Redistribution of chattels and food within a society between (or among) societies (intercommunity or extralocal residence-group redistribution) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 103 1 No extralocal redistribution of chattels and/or food involves the local group as donor or as recipient 2 3 Food and/or chattels are collected predominantly by individual persons who are not necessarily lineage, deme, or household heads, and these objects are then redistributed among people from other communities (extralocal residence-groups) 266 NA NA WNAI.v260. Sharing of access to local food resources as a form of distribution between (or among) societies (intercommunity or extralocal residence-group redistribution) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 48 1 No access to local food resources is given to people from different extralocal groups 41 2 Most local food resources are viewed as being communal property, or as free and available to all, and access to these resources is extended to people from other communities (extralocal groups) 5 3 Most local food resources re viewed as being private properties of units within the local community, such as demes, lineages, or households, yet access to these resources is provided to people from other communities (extralocal groups) 5 4 Most local food resources are viewed as being private properties of individuals within the local community, yet access to these resources is provided to people from other communities (extralocal groups) 1 5 Both 2 and 3 are present, neither clearly predominates 5 6 Both 3 and 4 are present, neither clearly predominates 266 NA NA WNAI.v261. Ceremonialism or etiquette in intercommunity reciprocity of food and/or chattels Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 13 1 No intercommunity reciprocity 6 2 Reciprocity between individuals from different communities, but no ceremonialism of any sort 23 3 Ceremonialism is present when food and/or chattels are reciprocated; e.g., the recipient from one community returns food and/or chattels to the original donor in another community in a particular way at an appropriate time 8 4 Reciprocity between ceremonial or political leaders of localized community units, such as patrilineages and patriclans, patridemes, the matriunits, and less structured communities 9 5 Both 2 and 4 45 6 Both 2 and 3 1 7 Both 3 and 4 266 NA NA WNAI.v262. Ceremonialism or etiquette in intercommunity redistribution of food and/or chattels Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 102 1 No intercommunity redistribution of food and/or chattels 2 4 Redistribution among people from more than one community accompanied with ceremonialism; the recipients of food and/or chattels are treated about equally by the donor 1 5 Both 2 and 4 266 NA NA WNAI.v263. Ceremonialism or etiquette in intercommunity use of privately owned food resources and/or chattels Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 46 1 No or few privately owned food resources and/or chattels 22 2 No intercommunity use of privately owned food resources and/or chattels 2 3 No ceremonialism nor etiquette is involved in allowing people from other communities (extralocal groups) to exploit food resources or use chattels recognized as belonging to the host-group (or members of the host-group) 1 4 Some ceremonialism or etiquette is involved in allowing people from other communities to exploit food resources or use chattels recognized as belonging to the host-group(or members of the host-group), e.g., invitations are extended, or requests are granted, affines are expected to use the hosts' resources and/or chattels, joint use or exploitation is accompanied by feasting, dancing, and so forth 34 5 Both 3 and 4 266 NA NA WNAI.v264. Barter or trade within communities for food and/or chattels (intracommunity or local residence-group) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 36 1 Barter or trade, replete with higgle-haggle over value does not occur. 1 2 Barter or trade, but no mention of standardized values or higgle-haggle 28 3 Barter or trade as reciprocal gift-giving between friends, but with bargaining between strangers 8 4 Barter or trade, replete with higgle-haggle over value for food and/or chattels occurs, but only between people who are not close kin 23 5 Barter for food and/or chattels occurs among kin and nonkin, especially between craft specialists and their clients 9 6 Both 4 and 5 266 NA NA WNAI.v265. Gift exchange within communities for food and/or chattels (intracommunity or local residence-group) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 1 1 No gift exchange occurs, or if it occurs it is negligible 28 2 Gift exchange regardless of kinship or rank 38 3 Gift exchange for food and/or chattels occurs predominantly between kin and affines (exchange may be deferred) 2 4 Gift exchange for food and/or chattels occurs predominantly between people of similar rank 36 5 Both 3 and 4 obtain, neither clearly predominating 266 NA NA WNAI.v266. Barter or trade between (or among) communities for food and/or chattels (intercommunity or extralocal residence-groups) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 6 1 Barter or trade, replete with higgle-haggle over value, does not occur 14 2 Barter or trade, but no mention of standardized values or higgle-haggle 17 3 Barter or trade as reciprocal gift-giving between friends, but with bargaining between strangers 8 4 Barter or trade occurs, but values are standardized and higgle-haggle does not occur 22 5 Barter or trade, replete with higgle-haggle over value, does occur 38 6 Both 4 and 5 266 NA NA WNAI.v267. Agents of barter or trade between communities (intercommunity or extralocal residence-groups) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 8 1 No agents or barter or trade 77 2 Intercommunity barter or trade is conducted by producers with anyone who wishes to trade 8 4 Intercommunity barter or trade is conducted between trade partners (trade partners may use kinship terms) 4 6 Both 2 and 3, neither clearly predominating 6 7 Both 2 and 4, neither clearly predominating 2 10 2, 3, and 4, none clearly predominating 266 NA NA WNAI.v268. Gift exchange between (or among) communities for food and/or chattels (intercommunity or extralocal residence-groups) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 9 1 No gift exchange occurs, or if it occurs it is negligible 25 2 Gift exchange between individuals in different communities regardless of kinship or rank 16 3 Gift exchange occurs predominantly between kin and affines (exchange may be deferred) 4 4 Gift exchange occurs predominantly between people of similar rank (exchange may be deferred) 35 5 Both 3 and 4 obtain, neither clearly predominating 16 6 Gift exchange between ceremonial or political leaders of localized communities, such as patrilineages, patrisibs, patridemes, parallel matriunits, and multiple kin-group communities 266 NA NA WNAI.v269. Ownership of key gathering sites, i.e., root grounds, berry bushes, seed grounds, cacti, wild trees, etc. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 50 1 No gathering sites, or if there are gathering sites, they are not predominantly recognized as private property 3 2 Gathering sites for key extractive resources are predominantly recognized as property belonging to ambilocal households and/or larger ambilocal units 21 3 Gathering sites for key extractive resources are predominantly recognized as properties belonging to patridemes or patrihouseholds 2 4 Gathering sites for key extractive resources are predominantly recognized as properties belonging to matridemes or matrihouseholds 9 5 Gathering sites for key extractive resources are predominantly recognized as properties belonging to patrilineages or patrisibs 6 6 Gathering sites for key extractive resources are predominantly recognized as properties belonging to matrilineages or matrisibs 1 7 Gathering sites for key extractive resources are predominantly recognized as the property of women (owned individually or by task-groups) and not as property of matridemes, matrihouseholds, matrilineages or matrisibs 8 8 Gathering sites for key extractive resources are predominantly recognized as the property of men (owned individually or by task-groups) and not as property of patridemes, patrihouseholds, patrilineages or patrisibs 1 10 Some gathering sites for key extractive resources are owned by men (individually or by task-groups) and some by women (individually or by task-groups), neither clearly predominanting. (The resources on male-owned sites may be different in kind from those on female-owned sites) 3 11 No predominance of either individual or group ownership, but both 267 NA NA WNAI.v270. Ownership of key hunting sites, i.e., deadfalls, deer runs, sites for catching eagles, fowl nesting areas, game tracts, etc. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 59 1 No hunting sites, or if there are hunting sites, such as large game tracts, they are not regarded as private property 2 2 Hunting sites for key extractive resources are predominantly recognized as property belonging to ambilocal households and/or larger ambilocal units 25 3 Hunting sites for key extractive resources are predominantly recognized as properties belonging to patridemes or patrihouseholds 2 4 Hunting sites for key extractive resources are predominantly recognized as properties belonging to matridemes or matrihouseholds 4 5 Hunting sites for key extractive resources are predominantly recognized as properties belonging to patrilineages or patrisibs 5 6 Hunting sites for key extractive resources are predominantly recognized as properties belonging to matrilineages or matrisibs 5 7 Hunting sites for key extractive resources are predominantly recognized as the property of men (owned individually or by task-groups) and not as property of patridemes, patrihouseholds, patrilineages or patrisibs 1 8 Some hunting sites for key extractive resources are owned by men (individually or by task-groups) and some by patrihouseholds, patridemes, patrilineages or patrisibs, none clearly predominanting. (The resources on individually-owned sites may be different in kind from the resources on sites owned by kinship-groups) 1 9 No predominance of individual or group ownership, but both 267 NA NA WNAI.v271. Ownership of key fishing and other aquatic animal extraction-sites (including all forms of animal extraction from water, tidewater flats, sections of river banks, or from weirs and impounds Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 52 1 No fishing sites, or if there are fishing sites, they are predominantly recognized as private property 2 2 Fishing sites for key extractive resources are predominantly recognized as property belonging to ambilocal households and/or larger ambilocal units 25 3 Fishing sites for key extractive resources are predominantly recognized as properties belonging to patridemes or patrihouseholds 1 4 Fishing sites for key extractive resources are predominantly recognized as properties belonging to matridemes or matrihouseholds 2 5 Fishing sites for key extractive resources are predominantly recognized as properties belonging to patrilineages or patrisibs 7 6 Fishing sites for key extractive resources are predominantly recognized as properties belonging to men born into matrilineages or matrisibs 5 8 Fishing sites for key extractive resources are predominantly recognized as the property of men (owned individually or by task-groups) and not as property of patridemes, patrihouseholds, patrilineages or patrisibs 9 11 Some fishing sites are owned by individual men or women and others are owned by kinship units (households, demes, lineages, or clans), neither individual nor group ownership clearly predominates. (Individually-owned resources may differ in kind from resources owned by kinship units) 1 12 Both 1 and 7 267 NA NA WNAI.v272. Ownership of farming sites, including cultivated trees, but not tobacco plots Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 82 1 No farming sites 2 2 Farming sites are communal and available to anyone who wishes to use them 3 3 Farming sites are owned by nuclear or polygynous families 2 4 Farming sites are predominantly recognized as belonging to patridemes or patrihouseholds 1 5 Farming sites are predominantly recognized as belonging to matridemes or matrihouseholds 1 6 Farming sites are predominantly recognized as belonging to patrilineages or patrisibs 4 7 Farming sites are predominantly recognized as belonging to matrilineages or matrisibs 7 8 Farming sites are predominantly recognized as belonging to men (owned individually or by task-groups) and not patridemes, patrihouseholds, patrilineages or patrisibs 2 11 Some farming sites are owned by individual men or women and others are owned by kinship units (households, demes, lineages, or clans), neither individual nor group ownership clearly predominates. (Individually-owned resources may differ in kind from resources owned by kinship units) 1 12 Both 8 and 10 266 NA NA WNAI.v273. Ownership of house Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 14 1 House owned (perhaps only temporarily) by the individual(male or female) who constructs and cares for it 4 2 House owned jointly by man and wife 34 3 House owned (perhaps only temporarily) by family household that occupies it 35 4 House owned by patrideme or patrihousehold 3 5 House owned by matrideme or matrihousehold 6 6 House owned by patrilineage or patrisib 8 7 House owned by matrilineage or matrisib 267 NA NA WNAI.v274. Ownership of men's chattels (movable property such as canoes, blankets, bows, knives, slaves, etc.) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 1 2 Males have usufruct rights over some chattels, but not clear ownership 3 3 Males have usufruct rights over some chattels, though they do not retain right to dispose of chattels as they see fit 85 4 Males have ownership rights over some chattels, retaining the right to dispose of the chattels as they see fit 16 5 Both 3 and 4 obtain, neither clearly predominating 266 NA NA WNAI.v275. Ownership of women's chattels (movable property such as coppers, blankets, clothes, tools, etc.) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 3 3 Females have usufruct rights over some chattels, though they do not retain right to dispose of chattels as they see fit 87 4 Females have ownership rights over some chattels, retaining the right to dispose of the chattels as they see fit 15 5 Both 3 and 4 obtain, neither clearly predominating 266 NA NA WNAI.v276. Ownership of common property following divorce Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=36; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 25 1 There is little or no common property and it is not a consideration at divorce 1 3 Compensation in shell trade or other material wealth is paid by relatives of spouse considered to be at fault. Innocent spouse retains bulk of common property 4 4 Men take most of the common property at divorce 1 5 Women take most of the common property at divorce 5 6 Men take all of the common property at divorce 335 NA NA WNAI.v277. Inheritance of gathering sites Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 59 1 No specific gathering sites, and/or no inheritance 5 2 Gathering sites are retained communally by all kinship groups in the community (local residence-group), not by individual persons, specific task-groups, or kinship units 11 3 Gathering sites are inherited (even if only to be supervised) by the oldest son or daughter of the recognized leader of the kinship unit (household, deme, lineage, sib) that owns the site 15 5 Gathering sites are inherited (even if only to be supervised) by the most competent kin (lineal or collateral, so not necessarily a son or daughter) of the recognized leader of the kinship unit that owns the site 12 6 Gathering sites are inherited by the sons or daughters of the person or the members of the task-group that owns the site 2 11 Both 2 and 6 267 NA NA WNAI.v278. Inheritance of hunting sites Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 67 1 No specific hunting sites, and no inheritance 7 2 Hunting sites are retained communally by all the kinship groups in the community (local residence-group), not by individual persons, specific task-groups, or kinship units 9 3 Hunting sites are inherited (even if only to be supervised) by the oldest son or daughter of the recognized leader of the kinship unit (household, deme, lineage, sib) that owns the site 1 4 Hunting sites are inherited (even if only to be supervised) by the most competent son or daughter, not necessarily the oldest, of the recognized leader of the kinship unit (household, deme, lineage, sib) that owns the site 13 5 Hunting sites are inherited (even if only to be supervised) by the most competent kin (lineal or collateral, so not necessarily a son or daughter) of the recognized leader of the kinship unit that owns the site 5 6 Hunting sites are inherited by the sons or daughters of the person or the members of the task-group that owns the site 2 10 Both 2 and 3 267 NA NA WNAI.v279. Inheritance of fishing and other aquatic animal extraction sites Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=103; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 58 1 No specific fishing sites, and no fish-site inheritance 9 2 Fishing sites are retained communally by all the kinship groups in the community (local residence-group), not by individual persons, specific task-groups, or kinship units 9 3 Fishing sites are inherited (even if only to be supervised) by the oldest son or daughter of the recognized leader of the kinship unit (household, deme, lineage, sib) that owns the site 17 5 Fishing sites are inherited (even if only to be supervised) by the most competent kin (lineal or collateral, so not necessarily a son or daughter) of the recognized leader of the kinship unit that owns the site 7 6 Fishing sites are inherited by the sons or daughters of the person or the members of the task-group that owns the site 1 10 Combination of 2, 3, and 2 11 Fishing sites are inherited by the son-in-law of a male owner 268 NA NA WNAI.v280. Inheritance of farming sites Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 83 1 No farming practiced 2 2 Farming sites are retained communally by all the kinship groups in the community (local residence-group), not by individual persons, specific task-groups, or kinship units 5 3 Farming sites are inherited (even if only to be supervised) by the oldest son or daughter of the recognized leader of the kinship unit (household, deme, lineage, sib) that owns the site 3 5 Farming sites are inherited (even if only to be supervised) by the most competent kin (lineal or collateral, so not necessarily a son or daughter) of the recognized leader of the kinship unit that owns the site 11 6 Farming sites are inherited by the sons or daughters of the person or the members of the task-group that owns the site 267 NA NA WNAI.v281. Inheritance of houses Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=94; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 38 1 No inheritance of house (The house may be a temporary structure, it may be disposed of at the death of the owner, or it may be occupied by the first person who claims it) 18 2 Houses are inherited (even if only as supervisor) by the oldest son or daughter of the recognized leader of the kinship unit (household, deme, lineage, sib) that owns the house 11 3 Houses are inherited (even if only as supervisor) by the most competent son or daughter, not necessarily the oldest, of the recognized leader of the kinship unit that owns the house 11 4 Houses are inherited (even if only as supervisor) by the most competent kin (lineal or collateral, so not necessarily a son or daughter) of the recognized leader of the kinship unit that owns the site 15 6 Houses are inherited by the son(s) or daughter(s) of the person who owns the house 1 11 House is inherited by surviving spouse 277 NA NA WNAI.v282. Inheritance of men's chattels Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=102; Number of unique values=11 Freq Value Description 1 1 No male chattels of consequence and no inheritance of men's chattels 15 2 Male chattels inherited more or less equally by all available sons, some perhaps being given to more distant collaterals, friends, or affines 11 3 Male chattels are predominantly inherited by sons 5 4 Male chattels are predominantly inherited by the oldest son 56 5 Male chattels are disposed of at death, or are bequeathed or sold in any manner elected by the owner before death 1 6 Male chattels are predominantly inherited by a man's sister's son 8 8 Both 3 and 5 1 10 Both 4 and 5 2 11 Male chattels disposed of at death, or given to nonrelatives 1 13 Both 2 and 5 1 14 Male chattels are predominantly inherited by sisters, brothers, and other members of man's matrisib 269 NA NA WNAI.v283. Inheritance of women's chattels Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=103; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 1 1 No female chattels of consequence and no inheritance of women's chattels 6 2 Female chattels inherited more or less equally by all available daughters, some perhaps being given to more distant collaterals, friends, or affines 24 3 Female chattels are predominantly inherited by daughters 61 5 Female chattels are disposed of at death, or are bequeathed or sold in any manner elected by the owner before death 1 7 Both 2 and 5 8 8 Both 3 and 5 2 10 Female chattels disposed of at death, or given to nonrelatives 268 NA NA WNAI.v284. Fixity of settlement Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 7 1 Degree of settlement of the community is that of migratory or nomadic bands occupying temporary camps for brief periods successively throughout the year 37 2 That of seminomadic communities temporary camps for much of the year but aggregated in a fixed settlement at some season or seasons, e.g., recurrently occupied winter quarters 45 4 Semisedentary settlements occupied throughout the year by at least a nucleus of the community's population, but from which a substantial proportion of the population departs seasonally to occupy shifting camps, e.g., on extended hunting or fishing trips or during pastoral transhumanance 2 6 Impermanent settlements occupied throughout the year, but moved from time to time for nonecological reasons, e.g., because of untoward events like an epidemic or the death of a headman 14 7 Permanent settlements occupied throughout the year and for long or indefinite periods (In default of definite evidence of impermanence, raters were instructed to use7 rather than 5 or 6) 266 NA NA WNAI.v285. Compactness of settlement Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 71 1 Settlements are compact, e.g., nucleated villages or concentrated camps 21 2 Settlements are dispersed, e.g., neighborhoods of isolated homesteads or bands whose members live in dispersed family camps 2 3 Settlements are composed of spatially separate hamlets or subsettlements 2 4 Settlements are partially dispersed, e.g., a central village or town core with outlying satellite hamlets or family homesteads 8 5 Settlements are straggling, e.g. dwellings or homesteads strung out along a river bank, the seashore, or the like, in a rather continuous distribution. Such settlements merge into one another, but are considered distinct settlements by the occupants, nevertheless. 267 NA NA WNAI.v286. Size of the community population (the size of the typical community in the focal area) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=103; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 38 1 Fewer than 50 persons 33 2 From 50 to 99 persons 20 3 From 100 to 199 persons 5 4 From 200 to 399 persons 4 5 From 400 to 799 persons 2 6 From 800 to 1,599 persons 1 7 From 1,600 to 3,199 persons 268 NA NA WNAI.v287. Density of community organization Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 95 1 Within the culture being examined (focal area), the society is mostly rural; the largest communities have none of the characteristics of administrative, ceremonial, or mercantile centers 10 2 The largest settlement is primarily a ceremonial or religious center for the focal area (which is perhaps a larger and more densely populated region) 266 NA NA WNAI.v288. Population density within territory controlled by community Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 9 1 Less than one person per five square miles 19 2 From one person per square mile to one per five square miles 44 3 From one to five persons per square mile 29 4 From five to 25 persons per square mile 4 5 From 25 to 100 persons per square mile 266 NA NA WNAI.v289. Community structure Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=97; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 51 1 There are no structures in the community that are larger or more impressive than the usual residential dwellings 17 2 The most impressive structure (or type of structure) in the community is the residence of a category of influential persons, e.g., a mansion, palace, or large structure occupied by the local headman, a noble or a wealthy landowner 21 3 The most impressive structure (or type of structure) is an assembly hall, a men's house, or other essentially secular or public building 8 4 The most impressive structure (or type of structure) is a temple, church, or other essentially religious or ceremonial edifice 274 NA NA WNAI.v290. Community segmentation Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 86 1 There are no local subdivisions of the typical or focal community other than family households 17 2 The community is divided into local moieties, i.e., into two contrasting or opposing subdivisions, or into two subdivisions that lack the characteristics of moieties 2 3 The community is divided into three or more local subdivisions (wards, barrios, residential districts, or other) 266 NA NA WNAI.v291. Intracommunity residence pattern Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 64 1 Residence in particular segments of the community is determined primarily by voluntary choice 36 2 Residence in particular segments of the community is determined primarily by kinship ties, as in the case of localized clans or ramages 1 3 Residence in particular local segments is determined primarily by ethnic considerations, e.g., race, tribal membership, or national origins 3 8 Residence in particular local segments is determined approximately equally by two or more types of consideration, among which kinship ties are relatively important 267 NA NA WNAI.v292. Community integration Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=103; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 9 2 The focal community is distinguished from other neighboring communities by ethnic factors, e.g., by belonging to a different tribe or speaking a different language 61 3 The focal or typical community is primarily a kinship unit, its members (or at least those of the sex that does not shift residence in marriage) belonging preponderantly to a single kinship unit, e.g., a clan or localized lineage, sib, or deme 33 4 The focal or typical community is integrated by multiple ties among a plurality of kinship groups, where the basic ties are kinship 268 NA NA WNAI.v294. Estimated incidence of polygamy, or plural marriage (all forms of polygamy, polygyny, and polyandry) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 17 1 No polygamy, or it is rare 53 2 5-10 percent 30 3 11-25 percent 5 4 26-50 percent 266 NA NA WNAI.v295. Dominant form of polygamy Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=100; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 17 1 No polygamy, or it is rare 24 2 Sororal polygyny wherein wives are sisters, or stand in roughly equivalent relationship to one another (such as classificatory sisters) 10 3 Nonsororal polygyny wherein wives are not sisters nor do they stand in any equivalent relationship to each other 49 4 General polygyny wherein wives may be sisters or unrelated 271 NA NA WNAI.v296. Secondary marriage Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=99; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 7 1 No secondary marriages 1 2 Sororal polygyny 1 3 Sororate: marriage of a man to his deceased wife's sister or sister 4 4 Levirate: marriage of a woman to her deceased husband's brother or brother 2 5 Both 2 and 3 14 6 Both 3 and 4 61 7 2, 3, and 4 8 10 2, 3, 4, and 8 1 11 3, 4, and 8 272 NA NA WNAI.v297. First-cousin marriage is approved (or dominant, or preferred, or prescribed) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 94 1 No first-cousin marriage of any form is approved, etc. 3 2 Matrilateral cross-cousin marriage is approved, etc 6 5 Bilateral cross-cousin marriage is approved, etc. 1 6 Matrilateral cross-cousin marriage and matrilateral parallel-cousin marriage are both approved, etc. 1 7 4 and 5 266 NA NA WNAI.v298. Second-cousin marriage is approved (or dominant, or preferred, or prescribed) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=98; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 83 1 No second-cousin marriage of any form is approved, etc. 2 2 Matrilateral cross-cousin marriage is approved, etc. 1 3 Patrilateral cross-cousin marriage is approved, etc. 7 5 Bilateral cross-cousin marriage is approved, etc. 3 6 Matrilateral cross-cousin marriage and matrilateral parallel-cousin marriage are both approved, etc. 1 7 4 and 5 1 8 Any second-cousin marriage is approved 273 NA NA WNAI.v299. Nonlateral marriage is approved (or dominant, or preferred, or prescribed) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 15 1 Nonlateral marriage is not approved, etc. 75 2 Nonlateral marriage is approved, etc. (No marriage of any first and/or second cousins) 15 3 Nonlateral marriage, including cousins of third degree is approved, etc. (Rated present only if explicit statement of such. Thus, the statement blood relatives cannot marry, without additional information on what degree of relationship constitutes blood relationship is rated 2) 266 NA NA WNAI.v300. Special marriages other than cousin marriages Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=79; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 47 1 None 29 2 Brother-sister exchange (or exchange of their terminological equivalents), includes sister-exchange and two men exchange sisters 2 3 Pseudo cross-cousin marriage (i.e., marriage to either mother's brother's or father's sister's stepchild) 1 4 Both 2 and 3 292 NA NA WNAI.v301. Community marriages patterns: the prevalence of local exogamy, endogamy, or agamy Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=103; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 52 1 Marriage patterns are those of agamous communities, where there is no marked tendency or rule toward either exogamy or endogamy 43 2 Those of exogamous communities, where there is a marked tendency or rule for marriage partners to come from different communities 8 3 Those of endogamous communities, where there is a marked tendency or rule for marriage partners to come from the same community 268 NA NA WNAI.v302. Exchange of gifts (goods and services) between relatives of the bride and groom at marriage: initial exchanges made prior to and through the nuptial rite Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 36 1 There is no exchange of gifts or services at marriage, or the exchange is negligible 33 2 Gift exchanges between relatives of the bride and the groom are reciprocal and roughly equal in goods, services, or both 33 3 Unequal gift exchanges, which tend to approach bride-prices 2 4 Unequal gift exchanges, which tend to approach dowries 267 NA NA WNAI.v303. Exchange of gifts (goods and services) between relatives of the bride and groom after the nuptial rite Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=100; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 61 1 There is no exchange of gifts or services after the nuptial rite 2 2 Gift exchanges continue for about one year, or until the first child is born 37 3 Gift exchanges continue beyond approximately a year, or throughout the duration of the marriage 271 NA NA WNAI.v304. Bride service, in which a man performs services for his bride's(or prospective bride's) family (usually as options to other forms of marriage obligations) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=100; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 65 1 No bride service 3 2 Bride service is performed before the marriage 9 3 Bride service continues for up to one year after the marriage is recognized 23 4 Bride service continues beyond one year 271 NA NA WNAI.v305. Forms of the family which are predominant in the society (these family units do not necessarily co-reside) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 25 2 Independent families, or nuclear families composed of a man, wife, and their unmarried offspring 1 3 Polygynous families composed of a man, his wives, and their unmarried offspring 4 5 Stem families, which normally include only two related families of procreation (disregarding polygamous unions), the two being of adjacent generations 57 6 Lineal families, which normally include one family of procreation in the senior generation, but include at least two such families in the next generation 17 7 Extended families, which normally include at least two related families of procreation in at least two adjacent generations 267 NA NA WNAI.v306. Forms of the family which occur often, but which do not predominate Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 80 1 No modal or secondary family form (Analysts used this attribute unless secondary form was explicitly stated or indicated) 9 2 Independent 8 3 Polygynous 4 5 Stem 3 6 Lineal 267 NA NA WNAI.v307. Dominant family household forms, or co-residential units (not necessarily under same roof) which tend to share some domestic functions, such as distribution of food, child rearing and training, preparation of meals, etc. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=103; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 23 1 Nuclear family is independent 4 2 Each polygynous family unit is independent with a separate house for each wife 2 3 Polygynous family co-resides with all wives living in same house 3 5 Stem family household co-resides 55 6 Lineal family household co-resides 16 7 Extended family co-resides 268 NA NA WNAI.v308. Dominant form of postnuptial household residence Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 17 1 Ambilocal household, where husband and wife live with (or near) the kin of one or the other, choice being based on relative need, advantage, etc. 2 2 Neolocal household, where husband and wife set up independent residence without respect to placement of families of orientation 7 3 Virilocal household, where husband and wife live with (or near) his kinsmen, but not necessarily his father 60 5 Patrilocal household, where husband and wife live with(or near) his father 15 6 Matrilocal household, where husband and wife live with(or near) her mother 4 7 Avunculocal household, where husband and wife live with his mother's brother 266 NA NA WNAI.v309. Secondary form or modal form of postnuptial household residence where no form represents 50% of all practices, or where the secondary form occurs frequently, but does not dominate Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 52 1 No secondary or modal, yet subordinate form 5 2 Ambilocal 8 3 Neolocal 4 5 Uxorilocal 5 6 Patrilocal 30 7 Matrilocal 267 NA NA WNAI.v310. Initial temporary form of postnuptial household residence Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=102; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 62 1 No initial temporary form 35 2 Matrilocal or uxorilocal 4 3 Patrilocal or virilocal 1 4 Avunculocal 269 NA NA WNAI.v311. Forms of descent probably observed Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 74 1 Bilateral descent, or nonunilineal descent: a person is considered equally related to kin traced through males or through females; distance, that is, number of links, rather than sex of connecting link, is used to differentiate kin 20 2 Patrilineal descent; a person emphasizes membership within a descent line through males 11 3 Matrilineal descent; a person emphasizes membership within a descent line through females 266 NA NA WNAI.v312. Forms of kinship units Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 51 1 No descent units beyond the ego-oriented kindred of bilateral kinsmen. Kindreds differ for each member of the society except siblings 25 2 A deme is a group of people demonstrating descent from a common ancestor regardless of sex of connecting ascendants, which is united by some additional criterion(such as collective ownership, common residence, and so on). De facto, some of the recognized descendants of a given ancestor are potential members and others are actual members of the unit 10 3 A matrilinege is a lineage in which descent is demonstrated through the female line 19 4 A patrilinege is a lineage in which descent is demonstrated through the male line 266 NA NA WNAI.v313. Stipulated descent units, bilateral or unilineal Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 82 1 No stipulated descent units. Kinship units are either demonstrated or nonexistent, i.e., nothing beyond the ego-oriented kindred 16 3 Sibs are unilineal groups (matrilineal or patrilineal) that are linked through presumed (stipulated) descent 6 4 Clans 267 NA NA WNAI.v314. Kinship units beyond sibs, septs and clans Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 79 1 No classification of kinship units, or none beyond demes and lineages, or none beyond sibs, septs, and clans 22 2 Moieties: there are only two units, or several units (bilateral or unilineal) are grouped into two divisions 4 3 Phratries: any grouping of kinship units other than moiety 266 NA NA WNAI.v315. Location of dominant postnuptial residence with regard to demonstrated kinship units--bilateral or unilineal Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 50 1 No demonstrated kinship units 4 2 Residence is ambilocal (ambilocal demes of a special types are called ramages) 36 3 Residence is patrilocal (or virilocal) 11 4 Matrilocal (or uxorilocal) 4 5 Avunculocal 266 NA NA WNAI.v316. Localization of demonstrated kinship units Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 50 1 No demonstrated kinship units (only kindreds) 8 2 Members of kinship unit are dispersed in several communities 47 3 Members of kinship unit are localized in one community 266 NA NA WNAI.v317. Localization of stipulated kinship units Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 83 1 No stipulated kinship units 10 2 Members of kinship unit are dispersed in several communities 12 3 Members of kinship unit are localized in one community 266 NA NA WNAI.v318. Relationships within the demonstrated kinship unit Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 52 1 No demonstrated kinship units 29 2 Egalitarian relations: internal statuses are differentiated solely on the basis of generation, sex, and age 24 3 Ranked relations: internal statuses are differentiated on the basis of considerations other than generation or age(birth order, and so forth) 266 NA NA WNAI.v319. Relationships within the stipulated kinship unit Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 83 1 No stipulated kinship units 18 2 Egalitarian relations 4 3 Ranked relations 266 NA NA WNAI.v320. Activities of the demonstrated kinship unit Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 52 1 No demonstrated kinship units 9 2 Unorganized demonstrated kinship units: no joint activity is carried out (such as ceremonies, and so forth) 43 3 Organized demonstrated kinship units: the unit carries out joint activities 267 NA NA WNAI.v321. Activities of the stipulated kinship unit Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 83 1 No stipulated kinship units 11 2 Unorganized 11 3 Organized 266 NA NA WNAI.v322. Activities of moieties and phratries Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 80 1 No moiety or phratry 3 2 Unorganized 5 3 Organized, but only to regulate marriage 8 4 Organized to perform special rituals (including religious rituals, games, feasts, and so forth) 6 5 Both 3 and 4 3 6 Organized to perform rituals and regulate political affairs 266 NA NA WNAI.v323. Relationships between demonstrated kinship units Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=101; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 51 1 No demonstrated kinship units 19 2 Nonhierarchical: demonstrated kinship units are not differentiated with respect to prestige, power, or privilege 16 3 Minimal hierarchy: units are differentiated on the basis of prestige alone 1 4 Moderate hierarchy: units form a set, one member of which has differential power or privilege 14 5 Hierarchical: a set of kinship units are differentiated with respect to power or privilege 270 NA NA WNAI.v324. Relationships between stipulated kinship units Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 84 1 No stipulated kinship units 6 2 Nonhierarchical 8 3 Minimal hierarchy 7 5 Hierarchical 266 NA NA WNAI.v325. Ownership of corporeal property by demonstrated kinship units Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=101; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 52 1 No demonstrated kinship units 24 2 No corporeal property, moveable or not, such as hunting territory, fishing stations, houses, etc. is owned by demonstrated kinship units 3 3 Movable corporeal property, such as houses, boats, fish traps and weirs, etc 11 4 Unmovable corporeal property, such as fishing stations, farm land, berry patches, etc. 11 5 Both 3 and 4 270 NA NA WNAI.v326. Ownership of corporeal property by stipulated kinship units Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 84 1 No stipulated kinship units 10 2 No corporeal property 3 3 Movable corporeal property 2 4 Unmovable corporeal property 6 5 Both 3 and 4 266 NA NA WNAI.v327. Ownership of incorporeal property by demonstrated kinship units Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=98; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 53 1 No demonstrated kinship units 25 2 No incorporeal property is owned by demonstrated kinship units 20 3 Incorporeal property includes privileges, heirlooms, rituals, songs, dances, crests, myths, names, and the like 273 NA NA WNAI.v328. Ownership of incorporeal property by stipulated kinship units Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 84 1 No stipulated kinship units 6 2 No incorporeal property 14 3 Incorporeal property 267 NA NA WNAI.v329. Kinship terms for grandparents Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=83; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 19 1 Bisexual pattern: two terms distinguished by sex, can be glossed as grandparent 10 2 Merging pattern: a single undifferentiated term can be glossed as grandparent 41 3 Bifurcate bisexual pattern: four terms, distinguished by both sex and sex of the connecting relative can be glossed as paternal grandfather, maternal grandfather, paternal grandmother, and maternal grandmother 5 4 Matri-skewed pattern: three terms distinguished by sex and, for females, distinguished also by the sex of the connecting relative, can be glossed as grandfather, paternal grandmother (or for female, mother's husband's brother), and maternal grandmother (Murdock's K) 1 5 Bifurcate pattern: two terms distinguished by the sex of connecting relative can be glossed as paternal grandparent and maternal grandparent (Murdock's M) 1 6 Rare pattern distinguishing between grandparent of ego's sex, GrFa (grandfather, woman speaking) and GrMo (grandmother, man speaking) (Murdock's K; On Map Cu-152 termed Ego same-sex distinction ) 5 7 Rare pattern intermediate between bifurcate and bifurcate bisexual patterns: distinguishes between FaPa (father's parents), MoFa (mother's father), and MoMo (mother's mother (Murdock's U; On Map Cu-152 termed Inter Bif/Bif Bisex M ) 1 10 Three terms: (1) GrMo (man speaking) and GrFa (woman speaking), GrFa (man speaking), and (3) GrMo (woman speaking) 288 NA NA WNAI.v330. Kinship terms for grandchildren Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=80; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 28 1 Merging pattern: a single undifferentiated term can be glossed as grandchild 6 2 Bisexual pattern: where two terms, distinguished by sex, glossed as grandson and granddaughter 20 3 3 Self-reciprocal pattern: grandparental terms, either with or without diminutive affixes, are applied to grandchildren--a grandchild being invariably called by the same term which he applies to the speaker 3 4 Bifurcate bisexual pattern: four terms, distinguished by both the sex of the grandchild and sex of the connecting relative can be glossed as son's son, son's daughter, daughter's son, and daughter's daughter 8 5 Bifurcate pattern: two terms distinguished by the sex of connecting relative can be glossed as son's child and a?odaughter's child (Murdock's M) 4 6 Bifurcate speaker's sex pattern: four terms, differentiated by the sex both of the speaker and of the connecting relative can be glossed as son's child (man speaking), son's child (woman speaking), daughter's child (man speaking), and daughter's child (woman speaking) (Murdock's N) 3 7 Rare pattern between bifurcate and bifurcate bisexual patterns: SoCh, DaSo, and DaDa are distinguished (Murdock's R; On Map Cu-154 termed Inter Bif/Bif Bisexual) 6 8 Rare pattern between bifurcate and bifurcate speaker's-sex pattern: distinguishes between SoCh, DaCh woman speaking), and DaCh (man speaking) (Murdock's S; On Maps Cu-153 and Cu-154 termed Inter Bif/Bif SpkrSex A ) 1 10 Maximal differentiation pattern for woman speaker and man speaker. Each has a set of terms for SoSo, SoDa, DaSo, DaDa (Murdock's Y) 1 11 Terms are SoCh (man speaking), SoCh (woman speaking) and DaCh (both sexes speaking) (On Maps Cu-153 and Cu-154 termed Inter Bif/Bif SpkrSex B ) 291 NA NA WNAI.v331. Kinship terms for uncles Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=88; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 14 1 Simple bifurcate merging pattern: a single term can be glossed as mother's brother, paternal uncles being terminologically equated with father 31 2 Simple bifurcate collateral pattern: two special terms, distinguished by the sex of the connecting relative, can be glossed as paternal uncle and maternal uncle 19 3 Skewed bifurcate collateral pattern: three special terms, distinguished by the sex (mother or father) of the connecting person and also by age relative to that person, can be glossed as, in the case of paternal, uncles, father's elder brother. father's younger brother, and mother's brother 19 4 Lineal pattern: a special single term can be glossed as uncle, applying to both the father's and the mother's brothers and distinguishing them from the father 4 5 Age-differentiated bifurcate collateral pattern: four terms, distinguished by both relative age and the sex of the connecting person can be glossed as father's elder brother, father's younger brother, mother's elder brother, and mother's younger brother (Murdock's K) 1 6 Speaker-differentiated bifurcate merging pattern: paternal uncles are terminologically equated with father, while maternal uncles are called by two special terms, differentiated by the sex of the speaker, which can be glossed as mother's brother (man speaking), and mother's brother (woman speaking) (Murdock's M) 283 NA NA WNAI.v332. Kinship terms for aunts Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=90; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 27 1 Simple bifurcate collateral pattern: two special terms, distinguished by the sex of the connecting relative, can be glossed as paternal aunt and maternal aunt 14 2 Bifurcate merging pattern: a single term can be glossed as father's sister, maternal aunts being terminologically equated with mother 20 3 Lineal pattern: a special single term can be glossed as a?oaunt, applying to both the father's and the mother's sisters and distinguishing them from the mother 1 4 Generation pattern: special terms are lacking for both maternal and paternal aunts, who are terminologically equated with mother 24 5 Skewed bifurcate collateral pattern: three special terms distinguished by the sex (mother or father) of the connecting person and also by age relative to that person, can be glossed as, in the case of maternal, aunts, mother's elder sister. mother's younger sister, and father's sister 3 6 Age-differentiated bifurcate collateral pattern: four terms, distinguished by both relative age and the sex of the connecting person can be glossed as father's elder sister, father's younger sister, mother's elder sister, and mother's younger sister (Murdock's L) 1 7 Speaker-differentiated bifurcate collateral pattern: three special terms, differentiated by the sex of the connecting relative and for paternal aunts also by the sex of the speaker, can be glossed as father's sister (man speaking), father's sister (woman speaking), and mother's sister (Murdock's M) 281 NA NA WNAI.v333. Kinship terms for siblings Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=83; Number of unique values=15 Freq Value Description 42 1 Dravidian pattern: four terms, distinguished by both sex and relative age of the sibling, can be glossed as elder brother, younger brother. and elder sister, younger sister (Murdock's A) 9 2 Yoruban pattern: two terms, distinguished by age of sibling, can be glossed as elder sibling, and younger sibling (Murdock's C) 8 3 Algonkian pattern: three terms, distinguished by relative age of sibling and, for elder siblings, also by sex, can be glossed as elder brother, elder sister, and younger sibling (Murdock's D) 1 4 Kordofanian pattern: a single undifferentiated term can be glossed as sibling (Murdock's E) 2 5 Southern Bantu pattern: three terms, distinguished by distinguished by sex and, for siblings of the speaker's sex, also by relative age to the speaker, can be glossed as elder sibling of the speaker's sex, younger sibling of the speaker's sex, and sibling of the opposite sex (Murdock's F) 2 6 East Polynesian pattern: four terms, distinguished by sex and, for siblings of the speaker's sex, also by relative age to the speaker, can be glossed as elder sibling of the speaker's sex, younger sibling of the speaker's sex, brother (woman speaking), and sister (man speaking) (Murdock's G) 3 7 Quechuuan pattern: four terms, distinguished by both sex of sibling and sex of speaker can be glossed as brother (man speaking), brother (woman speaking), sister (man speaking), and sister (woman speaking) (Murdock's H) 3 8 Siouan pattern: any pattern with extensive differentiation by sex of sibling, sex of speaker, and age relative to the speaker, which results in a total of seven or eight distinct terms for siblings (Murdock's L) 1 10 Caddoan pattern: six terms, distinguished by sex of sibling, sex of speaker and, for siblings of the speaker's sex, also by age relative to the speaker, can be glossed as elder brother (man speaking), younger brother (man speaking), brother (woman speaking), sister (woman speaking), elder sister (woman speaking), and younger sister (woman speaking) (Murdock's M) 1 13 Voltaic pattern: three terms, distinguished by sex of sibling and, for brothers, also by age relative to the speaker, can be glossed as elder brother , younger brother, and sister (Murdock's P) 5 14 Yukian pattern: three terms, distinguished by relative age and, for younger siblings, also by sex, can be glossed as elder sibling , younger brother, and younger sister (Murdock's Q) 2 17 Rare pattern: distinguished ElBr (man speaking), ElBr (woman speaking) YoBr, YoSi (woman speaking), ElSi (woman speaking), and Si (man speaking) (Murdock's W, appears as Age-Difference in Map Cu-158) 2 18 Rare pattern: three terms can be glossed elder sister, younger sister, and brother (Extrapolated from E. B. Gifford 1922, p 18, appears as Age-sex differences in Map Cu-158) 1 19 European pattern: two terms, distinguished by sex, can be glossed as brother, and sister (Murdock's B) 1 20 Four terms: older sibling, younger sibling, brother, and sister (appears as Four terms in Map Cu-158) 288 NA NA WNAI.v334. Kinship terms for cross-cousins and parallel cousins Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=96; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 56 1 Hawaiian pattern: siblings, cross- and parallel cousins are called by the same term: Xc = ||c = sib 24 2 Iroquois pattern: one or more special terms for first cross-cousins differ from those for siblings, parallel cousins, and avuncular and nepotic relatives: sib = ||c =/ Xc 3 3 Eskimo pattern: one or more special terms for first cross-cousins differ from those for siblings, but do not distinguish cross from parallel cousins: Xc = ||c =/ sib 6 4 Omaha pattern: the children of a mother's brother and of a father's sister (cross-cousins) are terminologically distinguished from siblings, parallel cousins, and each other but are not designated by special terms. Instead, a mother's brother's children are terminologically equated with relatives of an ascending generation, normally with the mother and her brother, and a father's sister's children are equated with relatives of an descending generation, normally with a man's sister's children and his own children 7 5 Crow pattern: the mirror image of the Omaha pattern, with mother's brother children terminologically equated with relatives of an descending generation, normally with a man's own children and a woman's brother's children, while a father's sister's children are equated with ascending generation, normally with father and father's sister 275 NA NA WNAI.v335. Type and complexity of political leadership in the focal local community Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 10 1 The focal or typical community lacks centralized leadership, political authority being dispersed among its component households or other segments, which remain essentially autonomous 33 2 The community has a single leader or headman but lacks other political offices other than, at most, an informal council of elders 48 3 The community has a single leader or headman with one or more functional assistants and/or a formal council or assembly, but lacks an elaborate or hierarchical political organization 4 4 The community has a single leader or headman plus an elaborate or hierarchical system of subordinate political statuses 4 6 The local political organization is theocratic, authority being vested not in secular officials but in a priesthood, a secret society, or other religious functionaries 1 7 The community has a dual system of leadership combining secular and religious offices of comparable influence and authority, e.g., headman and shaman or priest, council and secret society. (Not applicable unless the religious functionaries exercise important judicial or other political functions as well as strictly religious ones) 3 8 The community has dual or plural headmen with distinct but coordinate authority and one or more functional assistants, etc., but lacks a complex system of subordinate political statuses 1 10 Two sets of village chiefs with elaborate hierarchy of political status, etc., divided jurisdiction by season 267 NA NA WNAI.v336. Mode of succession to political leadership within the focal or typical local community Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=99; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 2 1 No political authorities and no succession to the job 4 2 Succession to the office of headman, if such or an approximate equivalent exists, is through appointment (not merely acquiescence) by some higher political authority 36 3 Succession is not appointive or hereditary but is achieved (by means of informal consensus or election) primarily through the acquisition of person influence, leadership qualities, prestige, or wealth 9 5 Succession tends to be hereditary by a son or other patri-kinsmen of the preceding headman 21 6 Succession tends to be hereditary by a sister's son or other matri-kinsmen of the predecessor 3 8 Item 6 ideally, actually tempered by 3 (qualities of personal influence, leadership qualities, prestige, or wealth) 6 10 Item 7 ideally, actually tempered by 3 (qualities of personal influence, prestige, or wealth) or by recognition of leadership qualities as determined through either informal consensus or formal elections 5 11 Succession based on divination, dreams, or the like 13 13 Informally acknowledged by dream power and general qualities of leadership with tendency toward patrilineal heredity 272 NA NA WNAI.v337. Government and territory Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 46 1 Local society (or focal community) has no territorial organization larger than the residential kin group. True political organization is lacking 53 2 Local society is composed of several residential kin groups which are formally united into villages or bands.(Krober's and Driver's triblet ). There is no organization larger than the village or band, which can be a seasonal (e.g., winter village or summer band) co-residence group rather than a year-round co-residence group 5 3 Local society is composed of several residential kin groups which are formally united into villages or bands, and this political unit is further combined with others to form a tribe (several bands or several villages, the latter often being referred to as districts ). These larger units may or may not convene in toto 267 NA NA WNAI.v338. Political organization and common defense Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 55 1 No organization beyond the residential kin group joins together in common defense during warfare or raids 43 2 No organization beyond the local society--village or band, whether predominantly kin or nonkin--joins together in common defense during warfare and raids; yet extralocal groups do not customarily join together in common defense 6 3 Local and extralocal organization (tribe or district of villages) commonly and customarily join together for common defense against warfare and raids 267 NA NA WNAI.v339. Political organization and the distribution of food in times of scarcity Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=98; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 76 1 No organization beyond the residential kin group joins together to distribute food in times of scarcity 22 2 No organization beyond the local society--village or band--joins together to distribute food in times of scarcity (rating is applied also to villages wherein village chief had storehouse and duty to feed needy, if formal village chief was present) 273 NA NA WNAI.v340. Political organization and the allocation of access to important means for producing sustenance Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=102; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 92 1 No organization beyond the residential kin group joins together to allow access to important subsistence resources 9 2 No organization beyond the village or band which joins together to allow access to important subsistence resources 1 3 Extralocal tribe or district organization commonly and customarily join together to allow access to the important subsistence resources 269 NA NA WNAI.v341. Political organization and the allocation of civic duties such as labor or military conscription Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=102; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 47 1 No political organization 25 2 No political organization is invoked to allocate civic duties 29 3 The village or band organization is invoked to allocate civic duties 1 4 The tribe or district organization is invoked to allocate civic duties 269 NA NA WNAI.v342. Political organization and the formation of alliances with other groups (extralocal communities) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=101; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 39 1 No alliances are formed with other groups 27 2 Residential kin group form alliances with other groups from time to time 31 3 Village or band organization is invoked to form alliances with other groups 4 4 Tribe or district organization is invoked to form alliances with other groups 270 NA NA WNAI.v343. Political organization and the punishment of crimes Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=95; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 10 1 No political organization or third-party arbitration between litigants 58 2 No political organization, but mediation or arbitration between litigants by third party occurs 26 3 Village or band organization is invoked to punish crimes 1 4 Tribe or district organization is invoked to punish crimes 276 NA NA WNAI.v344. Nature of tribal sodalities Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 85 1 No tribal sodality 12 2 A tribal sodality that includes all mature males in the society. It excludes all others from membership 2 4 Both male and female tribal sodalities, one for each sex 1 5 A single tribal sodality that is composed of all the mature males and females in the society 3 6 A single tribal sodality that is composed of all the mature males and females in the society, but there are several different chapters of the sodality in the local community (e.g., Western Pueblo Kachina cults) 2 7 A tribal sodality that includes all mature males in the society, but there are several different chapters of the sodality in the local community 266 NA NA WNAI.v345. Restricted sodalities Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 67 1 No restricted sodalities 8 2 Restricted sodality or sodalities for men only 19 4 Restricted sodality or sodalities for a select(sometimes self-selected) number of men and women 5 6 2 and 4 6 7 2, 3, and 4 266 NA NA WNAI.v346. Sex-dominance of restricted sodalities Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 67 1 No restricted sodalities 22 2 No dominance in numbers of sodalities or functions of sodalities by male groups over female groups 16 3 Male sodalities outnumber and were more important in function than female sodalities 266 NA NA WNAI.v347. Functions of restricted sodalities Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 67 1 No restricted sodalities 16 2 Performed religious rituals (including rituals for fertility, weather control, etc.), dances, songs, etc. 2 3 Performed health and curing ceremonies 11 5 Both 2 and 3 1 6 Both 2 and 4 3 8 All 2, 3, and 4 5 10 Performed economic services, e.g., hunting for larger society, in addition to 2, 3, and 4 266 NA NA WNAI.v348. Restricted sodality: Participants and spectators Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 67 1 No restricted sodalities 2 2 Sodality members performed all sodality functions in secret--not for public 24 3 Sodality members performed all sodality functions (except initiations) in public 11 4 Some restricted sodality functions were performed in secret; some were partly public 267 NA NA WNAI.v349. Objects of restricted sodality functions Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 67 1 No restricted sodalities 20 2 Restricted sodalities perform for the benefit of members only (e.g., personal dances, spirit seekings health improvement, and the like) 5 3 Restricted sodalities perform for the benefit of nonmembers in the society at large (e.g., to cure nonmembers, to insure good crops or rain, to entertain with fine dances, and so forth) 5 4 Restricted sodalities perform at times for the benefit of members and at times for the benefit of nonmembers 7 5 The society has some restricted sodalities that are wholly for the benefit of members, and some that are for the benefit of members and nonmembers 267 NA NA WNAI.v350. Clubs and age-classes Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 100 1 No clubs and age-classes 2 2 Club(s) are present but are not divided into age-classes members only (e.g., personal dances, spirit seekings, health improvement, and the like) 3 3 Club(s) are divided into age-classes 266 NA NA WNAI.v351. Club and age-class membership Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 100 1 No clubs 1 3 Members are women only 1 4 Members are men or women 3 5 Some for men only, some for women only 266 NA NA WNAI.v352. Duels between members of the same society Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=49; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 31 1 No duels between members of the same community 12 2 Duels between members of the same community, but never or rarely between kin 6 3 Duels between members of the same village, band, district, or tribe, both between kin and nonkin 322 NA NA WNAI.v353. Feuds within the local community or extralocal organization Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=83; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 12 1 No feuding 1 2 Feuding is confined to kinship groups in the local community only 15 3 Feuding is confined to kinship groups in either the local community or the extralocal organization (tribe or district) only 48 4 Feuding occurs only among kinship groups in the local community and the extralocal organization, and between kinship groups which do not belong to the same local or extralocal organizations 7 5 Feuding occurs among extralocal groups only 288 NA NA WNAI.v354. Raids motivated by desire for economic booty such as hides, pottery, food, etc. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=94; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 7 1 No raids conducted 43 2 Raids, but not for booty 44 3 Raids conducted for booty 277 NA NA WNAI.v355. Raids motivated by desire for women (wife-stealing) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=99; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 7 1 No raids conducted 33 2 Raids, but not for women 59 3 Raids conducted for women 272 NA NA WNAI.v356. Raids motivated by desire for slaves (separate from wife-stealing) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=103; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 7 1 No raids conducted 60 2 Raids, but not for booty 36 3 Raids conducted for booty 268 NA NA WNAI.v357. Raids motivated by desire for prestige Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=99; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 7 1 No raids conducted 61 2 Raids, but not for prestige 31 3 Raids conducted for prestige 272 NA NA WNAI.v358. Raids motivated by desire to fulfill visions or dream instructions Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=71; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 7 1 No raids conducted 54 2 Raids, but not to fulfill visions or dream instructions 10 3 Raids to fulfill visions or dream instructions 300 NA NA WNAI.v359. Raids motivated by desire to avenge the death of a warrior Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 7 1 No raids conducted 1 2 Raids, but not to avenge a death 96 3 Raids to avenge the death of a warrior 267 NA NA WNAI.v360. Raids motivated by the desire to avenge poaching Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=88; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 7 1 No raids conducted 26 2 Raids, but not to avenge poaching 55 3 Raids to avenge poaching 283 NA NA WNAI.v361. Incidence of raiding Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=98; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 37 1 Offensive raids are either rare or never occur (0-1 per year) 34 2 Offensive raids are moderate (2-4 per year) 27 3 Offensive raids are frequent (>4 per hear) 273 NA NA WNAI.v362. Incidence of defense against raiding Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=97; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 13 1 Rarely or never raided by another group 48 2 Raided moderately (2-4 per year) 36 3 Raided frequently (>4 per hear) 274 NA NA WNAI.v363. Presence of buffer zones Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 84 1 No buffer zones present or mentioned in the literature 4 2 A buffer zone is recognized with another society (a different band or village if no tribal organization, a different tribe or district if tribal organization) 16 3 Buffer zones are recognized with more than one society (different bands or villages if no tribal or district organization, different tribes or districts if tribal organization) 267 NA NA WNAI.v364. Incidence of warfare Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 102 1 Warfare not present 1 2 Warfare very rarely engaged in, but if so it was primarily restricted to one part of the year 2 3 Warfare very rarely engaged in, but it occurred at any time during the year 266 NA NA WNAI.v365. Motives for engaging in warfare Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 103 1 No warfare 2 12 Some combination of all items 2 through 8 266 NA NA WNAI.v366. Permanent military organizations Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 95 1 No permanent military organizations 10 2 One permanent military organization 266 NA NA WNAI.v367. Special fighting regalia Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=101; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 14 1 No special fighting regalia 14 2 Special weapons 7 3 Special armament 66 6 Some combination of 2, 3, 4, 5 270 NA NA WNAI.v368. Public ceremonies associated with warfare or raids Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=95; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 17 1 No public ceremonies associated with warfare or raids 3 2 Public ceremonies associated with preparation for conflicts only 30 3 Public ceremonies associated with postconflict period only 45 4 Public ceremonies performed both before and after conflict 276 NA NA WNAI.v369. Major public ceremonies performed for people other than members of religious sodalities and the like Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 4 1 No major public ceremonies are performed 16 2 One major public ceremony is performed in the cultural repertoire, but not on a regular, annual basis 16 3 More than one major public ceremony is performed, but not necessarily on an annual basis 7 4 More than one major public ceremony is performed on a regular, at least annual basis 61 5 More than one major public ceremony is performed each year 267 NA NA WNAI.v370. Attendance at largest public ceremony Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=103; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 5 1 No public ceremony 6 2 Where residential kin group is the largest sovereign group, ceremonies are performed for self and other kin groups from local area only 35 3 Where residential kin group is the largest sovereign group, ceremonies are performed not only for self and other kin groups from local area, but for people from distant areas as well--perhaps people of different dialects, languages, etc. 2 4 Where band or village is the largest sovereign group, ceremonies are performed for that group only 45 5 Where band or village is the largest sovereign group, ceremonies are performed for that group as well as for people from distant (other) groups 1 6 Where tribe or district is the largest sovereign group, ceremonies are performed for that group only 9 7 Where tribe or district is the largest sovereign group, ceremonies are performed for that group as well as for people from different (other) groups 268 NA NA WNAI.v371. Dominant sacred or profane nature of major public ceremonies Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 4 1 No public ceremony 38 2 Major public ceremony(s) predominantly sacred 15 3 Major public ceremony(s) predominantly profane 47 4 Major public ceremony(s) both sacred and profane 267 NA NA WNAI.v372. Reasons for performing public ceremonies of all kinds (according to the sponsors) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=13 Freq Value Description 4 1 No public ceremonies 4 2 Public ceremonies for success at farming, fishing, hunting, or gathering (this includes replenishment of subsistence resources) 14 3 Public ceremonies for the health and well-being of the community (this includes avenging a death) 2 4 Public ceremonies to substantiate a claim to a new status, or to gain prestige, or both 4 6 2 and 3 only 4 7 2 and 4 only 1 8 2 and 5 only 5 11 3 and 5 only 5 12 2, 3, and 4 only 37 13 2, 3, and 5 only 17 14 2, 4, and 5 only 2 15 3, 4, and 5 only 5 16 2, 3, 4, and 5 267 NA NA WNAI.v373. Gift-giving at public ceremonies Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=102; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 4 1 No public ceremonies 34 2 No gifts are exchanged at public ceremonies 3 3 Male-female pairs exchange gifts at some ceremonials. Most ceremonies have no gift exchange 7 4 Gifts are exchanged at public ceremonies 6 5 Gifts are pooled at ceremonies by everyone who attends--locals or not--then distributed to all who attend or participate, including the local hosts 46 6 Gifts are given by hosts (sponsors) to those in attendance. There is no immediate exchange 2 7 Gifts are exchanged at some ceremonies, given from hosts to guests at some ceremonies, and given from guests to hosts at some ceremonies 269 NA NA WNAI.v374. Quality or amount of gifts given at public ceremony if gifts are given by hosts to guests Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=97; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 34 1 No gifts 29 2 All guests receive, in theory, equal gifts 21 3 Guests receive more or better gifts depending on their rank 2 7 Both 3 and 5 2 8 Guests (or reciprocants) receive gifts consonant with their contribution to the ceremony--material or spiritual 6 10 Both 2 and 8 2 11 Both 8 and 4 1 12 Guests receive whatever they request 274 NA NA WNAI.v375. Sponsorship and performance of all public ceremonies Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=103; Number of unique values=12 Freq Value Description 4 1 No public ceremonies 12 2 Public ceremonies sponsored and performed by kinship groups only 3 4 Public ceremonies sponsored and performed under the leadership of political (or theocratic) authorities--anyone in band, village, tribe, or district can be called into service in the conduct of the ceremony 22 5 Society has several public ceremonies, some are 2, some 3, and some are both 2 and 3 8 6 Society has several public ceremonies, some are 2, and some 4 4 7 Society has several public ceremonies, some are 3, and some 4 7 8 Society has several public ceremonies, some are 2, some3, and some 4 20 10 Public ceremonies not sponsored in the formal sense, though directed by a ritualist or shaman with the economic help of the community (nominal sponsorship of chief or headman) 8 11 Society has several public ceremonies, some are 3, some 4, and some are both 3 and 4 1 12 Public ceremonies sponsored and performed by moieties under the leadership of moiety chiefs 10 13 Society has several ceremonies, some are sponsored and performed by kinship groups (2), and some are sponsored nominally by shamans (or spiritual leaders) 4 14 The formal sponsor is any individual, the actual sponsor is a shaman, and the entire community contributes to ceremony; also, kinship groups (2) sponsor and perform such ceremonies as marrying and naming feasts 268 NA NA WNAI.v376. Private ceremonies performed by restricted sodalities or the like Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 46 1 No private ceremonies 15 2 Private ceremonies restricted to local members of a select organization 37 3 Private ceremonies restricted to members of select organization and their counterparts in other communities 6 4 Some private ceremonies restricted to local members (2), and some include counterparts in other communities (3) 267 NA NA WNAI.v377. Parturition seclusion Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=102; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 1 1 Outdoors, no structure of any kind 32 2 In entire house, men leave 5 3 In a screened off part of house 46 4 In a special hut or enclosure 3 5 Outdoors or in a house vacated by men 4 6 In hut or in screened off part of house 8 7 In entire house, men do not leave 3 8 Outdoors in pit 269 NA NA WNAI.v378. Parturition position, A Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=96; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 63 1 No special position 24 2 Kneeling 6 3 Squatting 3 4 Standing or stooping 275 NA NA WNAI.v379. Parturition position, B Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=96; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 29 1 No special position 38 2 Sitting 24 3 Lying on back or reclining backwards 5 4 Both sitting and lying on back or reclining backwards 275 NA NA WNAI.v380. Twins Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=96; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 29 1 No special attitude or ambivalent attitude toward twins reported 37 2 Feared or not wanted or one killed 30 3 Esteemed or desired 275 NA NA WNAI.v381. Most frequent ritual number associated with birth Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=100; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 7 1 3, 6, or 9 45 2 4, 8, or 12 37 3 5, 10, or 15 11 4 7 or some number other than a multiple of 3, 4, or 5 271 NA NA WNAI.v382. Cradles, A Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 18 1 None 23 2 Flat board(s) 36 3 Flat, but made of rods, slats, or basketry materials woven together 21 4 Upright type of basketry cradle 1 5 Both flat board(s) and flat woven types 4 6 Upright type and flat type basketry cradles 1 7 Flat board and sitting basket 267 NA NA WNAI.v383. Cradles, B Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 80 1 None 9 2 Wood container, dugout, or sewn box 7 3 Bark 7 4 Hollowed boards--neither flat nor dugout 1 5 Deep trough frame covered with buckskin 267 NA NA WNAI.v384. Names bestowed on individuals: nicknames or common names of address, plus special names bestowed on individuals Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=97; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 6 1 No nicknames or common names of address 13 2 Nicknames or common names of address only 50 3 Nicknames or common names of address, plus special names with ritual significance or incorporeal property significance 17 4 Nicknames plus special names that were not regarded as having incorporeal property significance 7 5 Special names treated as being ritually significant or as having incorporeal property significance; very few nicknames 4 6 Special sib names for women, plus 4 for men 274 NA NA WNAI.v385. Time of bestowal of name(s) on a person Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=98; Number of unique values=13 Freq Value Description 1 1 Name is bestowed on infant before birth 19 2 Name is bestowed shortly after birth (a few days) 17 3 Name is bestowed during infancy (up to about 2 years) 6 4 Name is bestowed sometime during late childhood or puberty 2 6 2 and 3 4 7 2 and 4 11 8 2 and 5 5 10 3 and 4 6 11 3 and 5 3 12 4 and 5 10 13 2, 4, and 5 9 14 3, 4, and 5 5 15 2, 3, 4, and 5 273 NA NA WNAI.v386. By whom the most important name of a person is bestowed Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=100; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value Description 2 1 No name is considered important 18 2 Most important name is not necessarily bestowed by any relative 14 3 Most important name is not necessarily bestowed by any particular kinsmen or affine, but can be achieved by a person for himself (herself) through great deeds-- economic (potlatch, for example), warfare, religious, spirit quest, and so on 8 4 Most important name is bestowed by parents 10 5 Most important name is bestowed by maternal relatives 20 6 Most important name is bestowed by paternal relatives 13 7 Most important name is bestowed by paternal or maternal relatives, but also must be achieved through great deeds--economic, warfare, religious, spirit quest, etc. 15 8 Most important name is from maternal or paternal relatives, achievement not critical 271 NA NA WNAI.v387. Feast or public ceremony at most important naming event Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=94; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 50 1 No feast or public ceremony 3 2 Public ceremony, but no feast or giving of gifts 6 3 Public ceremony accompanied by feast but no giving of gifts 2 4 Public ceremony accompanied by giving of gifts but no feast 33 5 Public ceremony accompanied by both giving of gifts and feasting 277 NA NA WNAI.v388. Private ceremony accompanying the most important naming event Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=89; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 64 1 No private ceremony 5 3 Private ceremony in which gifts are given to those in attendance by the parents or grandparents of the person named only 3 4 Private ceremony in which gifts are exchanged between nuclear family of the named and those in attendance 10 5 Private ceremony with feast, but no gifts 1 6 Private ceremony where gift is given to the namer(s) only 6 7 Private ceremony where namer gives gift to child, child's parents might defer reciprocation or return a gift immediately 282 NA NA WNAI.v389. Girls' puberty rites or female initiations near puberty: Place of seclusion, A Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=103; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 15 1 None 42 2 In dwelling 46 3 In separate hut 268 NA NA WNAI.v390. Girls' puberty rites or female initiations near puberty: Place of seclusion, B Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 20 1 None 1 2 In permanent ceremonial structure 79 3 In ceremonial enclosure 5 4 Outdoors, no structure or enclosure 266 NA NA WNAI.v391. Most frequent ritual number associated with girls' puberty rites Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=102; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 3 1 No rites 11 2 3 or 6 47 3 4, 8, or 16 39 4 5 or 10 2 5 7 or a multiple of some number other than 3, 4, or 5 269 NA NA WNAI.v392. Girls' puberty rites or female initiations near puberty: Running Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=97; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 63 1 No running 24 2 Running daily 10 3 Running once or twice 274 NA NA WNAI.v393. Girls' puberty rites or female initiations near puberty: Drink taboos Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=97; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 21 1 None 57 2 Cold water taboo 14 3 Must drink through tube 2 4 Cold water taboo and must drink through tube 3 5 Stale water taboo 274 NA NA WNAI.v394. Girls' puberty rites or female initiations near puberty: Food taboos Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=101; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value Description 9 1 None 46 2 Fresh food taboo 1 3 Hot food taboo 3 4 Salt taboo 1 5 Stale food taboo 16 6 Both hot food and fresh food taboo 3 7 Both hot food and salt taboo 20 8 Fresh food (meat) and salt taboo 2 10 Fresh food, hot food, and salt taboo 270 NA NA WNAI.v395. Girls' puberty rites or female initiations near puberty: Posture in seclusion Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=96; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 23 1 No special posture 26 2 Sitting or squatting 27 3 Lying on or near heated spot 14 4 Lying on unheated spot 6 5 Sitting and reclining (sometimes day/night differences) 275 NA NA WNAI.v396. Girls' puberty rites or female initiations near puberty: Bathing Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=95; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 11 1 No bathing 36 2 Outdoors in cold water 43 3 Indoors with sponge bath and/or warm water 5 4 Both outdoors in cold water and indoors with sponge bath and/or warm water 276 NA NA WNAI.v397. Girls' puberty rites or female initiations near puberty: Dancing at public ceremony Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=103; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 50 1 No public ceremony 27 2 Girl does not dance at public ceremony 26 3 Girl dances at public ceremony 268 NA NA WNAI.v398. Girls' puberty rites or female initiations near puberty: Repetition of public ceremony Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=103; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 50 1 No public ceremony 34 2 Not repeated, given only once 19 3 Repeated 268 NA NA WNAI.v399. Girls' puberty rites or female initiations near puberty: Private ceremony Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=94; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 70 1 No private ceremony 5 2 Private ceremony for pubescent girl and a few close female friends and/or relations, usually from within the community 7 3 Private ceremony for pubescent girl and some near kin and/or friends, both sexes, usually aged, usually from within the community 1 5 Same as 3, yet extralocal invitees 10 6 Private ceremony for girl and proctor only 1 7 Private ceremony for kin and friends, as at 3; girl and others dance; ceremony is repeated 277 NA NA WNAI.v400. Dominant containers for corpse or cremation remains Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 18 1 None 42 2 Only blanket, hide, or mat around corpse 2 3 Basket 18 4 Pot, or basket, or pit for remains of cremation 24 5 Small shed houses, canoes, or boxes 267 NA NA WNAI.v401. Dominant forms of corpse disposal Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 41 1 Inhumation 22 2 On surface, or on slightly raised platform, or in rock crevice, rock shelter, or cave 6 3 In tree or on high scaffold, or top of totem pole 34 4 Cremation 1 5 Tree or scaffold, followed by inhumation 1 6 Inhumation and cremation 266 NA NA WNAI.v402. Burial position of corpse Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=100; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 64 1 Extended 32 2 Flexed 4 3 Either extended or flexed 271 NA NA WNAI.v403. Removal of dying person or corpse from house Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=97; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 2 1 No removal of dying person or corpse from house 30 2 Through wall of house 62 3 Through door of house 3 4 Through wall or door 274 NA NA WNAI.v404. Relation of death to house Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=103; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 1 1 Dying person abandoned in house 3 2 Dying person removed from house before death 70 3 Corpse removed from house after death 8 4 Remove before death if possible, otherwise immediately after death 19 5 Removed immediately upon death 2 6 If person dies in house, house and corpse are burned 268 NA NA WNAI.v405. Treatment of dominant house type after death Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=103; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value Description 2 1 No special treatment 35 2 Destroyed, burned, or abandoned permanently 5 3 Torn down and moved 44 4 Exorcised and/or abandoned only temporarily 1 5 Either 2 or 3 9 6 Either 2 or 4 7 8 Items 2 and 3 and 4 268 NA NA WNAI.v406. Sacrifice at death Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=86; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 50 1 None 19 2 Dogs and/or other (pre-European) domesticated animals killed (or freed or given away) 13 3 Slaves or captives killed (or freed, if this is prestigious) 4 4 Dogs killed or given away, and slaves killed or freed 285 NA NA WNAI.v407. Periodic mourning ceremony, distinct from funeral, at later date Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=103; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 53 1 None 28 2 Only for chief or prominent man (includes memorial potlatch) 13 3 For all dead of the entire community 6 4 Each deceased person has one mourning ceremony distinct from funeral 3 5 Both tribal mourning for all deceased, and one or more special mournings for each deceased person 268 NA NA WNAI.v408. Spirit quest by individual males: not associated with sodality initiations or group rites Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 31 1 No quest by males 33 2 Minority of males 1 3 About half of males 7 4 Majority of males 32 5 All males 267 NA NA WNAI.v409. Spirit quest by individual females: not associated with sodality initiations or group rites Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=102; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 35 1 No quest by females 35 2 Minority of females 3 3 About half of females 4 4 Majority of females 25 5 All females 269 NA NA WNAI.v410. Age of first spirit quest made by males Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=102; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 26 1 No quest by males 23 2 1-10 years of age 47 3 11-20 years of age 6 4 Over 20 years of age 269 NA NA WNAI.v411. Datura (Jimsonweed) taken by novices seeking spirit helpers or dreams Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=103; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 85 1 Absent 18 2 Present 268 NA NA WNAI.v412. Spirit quest or confirmations in sodality initiations or other group rites involving persons other than the novice Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 55 1 No group rite 8 2 A group rite for one novice 41 3 A group rite for more than one novice 267 NA NA WNAI.v413. Differences between shamans' and laymen's spirit quests Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value Description 22 1 No specific spirit quest for shaman or layman 1 2 Spirit quest for laymen only 3 3 No spirit quest for layman, but quest by shaman 13 4 Spirit quests for shaman and layman are identical 4 5 Most spirits come unsought, but shamans and laymen can seek spirits or dreams in the same fashion (especially by drinking a concoction made from Jimson weed) 13 6 Spirit quests for shaman and layman are rather similar, though duration of shaman's quest is somewhat longer, and has some more specialized activities that that of layman 21 7 Spirit quests for shaman and layman are dissimilar. Specialized spirits are sought by shaman and inheritance or sponsorship is often necessary to acquire these spirits 21 8 Power comes to the shaman sought or unsought; shaman must also train with another shaman; power does not come to the layman unsought. Some laymen seek special hunting abilities or the like 6 10 Power comes through purchase and training with shaman (or medium societies); initiation to shaman or curing society is usually required as well. (Purchase is made with gifts or feasts. Moreover, sick often pledge themselves to society or cause if they are cured) 1 11 Power comes through sickness and cure, plus apprenticeship to shaman who cures the person 266 NA NA WNAI.v414. Differences between shamans' and laymen's spirit and power possession Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=104; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value Description 31 1 Only shamans, priests, ritualists, and the like receive power 22 2 Shamans possess greater power than laymen, but not a greater number of different kinds of spirits than laymen 6 3 Shaman possess greater general power than laymen, usually because he acquires a greater number of spirits, but not because the spirits have specific functions 40 4 Shamans possess greater power as well as more specific spirits than laymen over specific functions, such as spirits to cure specific maladies 5 5 Shamans possess different powers than laymen, but not necessarily greater power in anything but their specialties. Shamans, for instance, cure the sick, but do not have the supernatural powers of some ritualists over other functions 267 NA NA WNAI.v415. Sex of shamans Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 11 1 All males 60 2 Majority males, minority females 24 3 Proportion of sexes about equal 10 4 Majority females, minority males 266 NA NA WNAI.v416. Spirit impersonation with mask or disguise Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=101; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 59 1 Absent 42 2 Present 270 NA NA WNAI.v417. Snake-handling by shamans Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=95; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 65 1 Absent 30 2 Present 276 NA NA WNAI.v418. Possessional shamanism (including trances) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=101; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 44 1 Absent 57 2 Present 270 NA NA WNAI.v419. Shamans' reputations for miraculous powers for curing, controlling weather, etc. Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=94; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 1 1 No differences among shamans 91 2 Some shamans reported to have greater power than others 2 3 Medicine societies reported to have greater power in concert than any particular shaman (Whole medicine society called upon to work for cure if shaman fails) 277 NA NA WNAI.v420. Local and extralocal requests for shamans' services Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=93; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 20 2 Shamans' services (or some shamans' services) requested in communities other than their home communities, but within their own dialect or language group 73 3 Shamans' services (or some shamans' services) requested in home community, in other communities within same language, and other language-speaking communities on occasion 278 NA NA WNAI.v421. Illness caused by foreign intrusion Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=103; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 4 1 Caused by neither foreign object nor foreign spirit 21 2 Foreign object 2 3 Foreign spirit 76 4 Both foreign object and foreign spirit 268 NA NA WNAI.v422. Illness caused by loss of spiritual entity Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=99; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 22 1 Not caused by loss of spiritual entity 54 2 Soul loss 5 3 Loss of spirit helper 18 4 Both soul loss and loss of spirit helper 272 NA NA WNAI.v423. Actions which cause soul-loss Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=92; Number of unique values=12 Freq Value Description 27 1 No soul-loss 6 2 Loss by wandering of soul, usually on own volition 4 3 Loss by fright 6 4 Loss by theft, usually by a ghost or some other supernatural agent (not a sorcerer, or witch, or bad medicine man) 2 6 2 and 3 8 7 2 and 4 3 8 2 and 5 10 10 3 and 4 1 11 4 and 5 12 12 2, 3, and 4 7 13 3, 4, and 5 6 14 2, 3, 4, and 5 279 NA NA WNAI.v424. Causes of foreign spirit or object intrusion Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=102; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 5 1 No foreign intrusions 1 2 Intrusions caused by supernatural sources only, no human agents involved 9 3 Intrusions caused by bad shamans, sorcerers, etc. 87 4 Intrusions caused both by supernatural agents and sorcerers, etc. 269 NA NA WNAI.v425. Agents who cause soul- or spirit-loss Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=91; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 27 1 No soul-loss 23 2 No human agents cause soul-loss 41 3 Souls stolen by shamans, or sorcerers, or witches 280 NA NA WNAI.v426. White imitative magic used to bring good health, or kill animals, or insure good crops, or the like Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=85; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 50 1 No white imitative magic 35 2 White imitative magic, such as shooting with arrows or poison darts. wooing through entreating, coaxing, or gesturing, or stabbing an animal effigy, or simulating crop growth, and so forth, is practiced 286 NA NA WNAI.v427. Black imitative magic used to harm humans Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=78; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 49 1 No black imitative magic 29 2 Black imitative magic used to harm humans 293 NA NA WNAI.v428. Performers of imitative magic Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=88; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 48 1 No one performs imitative magic 14 2 Anyone could perform imitative magic 26 3 Only specially qualified people such as shamans or evil shamans (witches, sorcerers) could perform imitative magic 283 NA NA WNAI.v429. White contagious or formulaic magic for good purposes Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=101; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 1 1 No white contagious or formulaic magic 100 2 White contagious or formulaic magic used for good purposes 270 NA NA WNAI.v431. Performers of contagious or formulaic magic Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=100; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 28 2 Anyone could perform contagious or formulaic magic 72 3 Only specially qualified people such as shamans or evil shamans (sorcerers) could perform contagious or formulaic magic 271 NA NA WNAI.v432. Charms or magic to make persons reckless in gambling, or to make person successful in gambling Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=80; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 6 1 No gambling magic techniques or charms 28 2 Gambling magic techniques but not charms 3 3 Gambling charms but not magic techniques 43 4 Both gambling magic techniques and charms 291 NA NA WNAI.v433. Charms or magical techniques to make persons receptive to love Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=66; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 17 2 Love magic techniques but not charms 3 3 Love charms but not magic techniques 46 4 Both love magic techniques and charms 305 NA NA WNAI.v434. In-law avoidance Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=30; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value Description 6 0 WiMo 13 4 WiMo+HuFa 1 5 WiMo+WiFa 1 6 WiMo+HuFa+WiFa 1 7 WiMo+HuFa+HuMo 8 8 WiMo+HuFa+WiFa+HuMo 341 NA NA WNAI.v435. Kinship terms for nieces-nephews (male speaking) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=78; Number of unique values=13 Freq Value Description 6 0 Simple bifurcate merging SiCh BrCh=Ch 15 2 Simple bifurcate collateral BrCh SiCh 15 3 Simple lineal SiblingChild 12 4 Generational SibCh=Ch 8 5 Sex-Differentiated lineal nephew niece 2 6 Sex-Differentiated bifurcate collateral BrSo (m) BrDa (m) SiSo (m) SiDa (m) 5 7 Age-Skew bifurcate collateral ElBrCh YnBrCh SiCh 5 8 Age-Differentiated bifurcate collateral ElBrCh YnBrCh ElSiCh YnSiCh 4 9 Sister-Skewed bifurcate collateral BrCh SiSo SiDa 2 11 Rare: Relative age ElSbCh YnSbCh 2 15 Rare: Relative age-sex1 ElBrSo YnBrSo ElBrDa YnBrDa SiCh 1 16 Rare: Relative age-sex2 ElBrCh YnBrCh YnBrDa ElSiSo=SiDa YnSiDa 1 18 Rare: Maximum difference relative age and sex 8 terms 293 NA NA WNAI.v436. Slavery Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 62 0 Slaves are absent or very rare 26 1 Few slaves 17 2 Many slaves 266 NA NA WNAI.v437. Motives for slaving Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=103; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 61 0 Slaves are absent or very rare 24 1 Taken for prestige or debt 6 2 Taken for productive labor 12 3 Both 2 and 3 268 NA NA WNAI.v438. Status of slaves Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=78; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value Description 61 0 Slaves are absent or very rare 2 2 Can not naturalize 15 3 Child of slave and non-slave not naturalized. but given more privileges than ordinary slaves 293 NA NA WNAI.v439. Language phylum membership Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value Description 21 1 Aztec-Tanoan 22 2 Penutian 21 3 Hokan 41 4 No Phylum 266 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Harold E. Driver. 1974. Geographical-Historical 'Versus' Psycho-Functional Explanations of Kin Avoidances. Current Anthropology 7:131-148. reprinted in Joseph G. Jorgensen. 1974. Comparative studies by Harold E. Driver and essays in his honor. HRAF Press. New Haven. ----------------------------------------------------------- WNAI.WiMo. WiMo Avoidance Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=84; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 64 1 No avoidance 20 2 Avoidance exists 287 NA NA WNAI.HuMo. HuMo Avoidance Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=84; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 80 1 No avoidance 4 2 Avoidance exists 287 NA NA WNAI.HuFa. HuFa Avoidance Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=84; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 78 1 No avoidance 6 2 Avoidance exists 287 NA NA WNAI.WiFa. WiFa Avoidance Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=84; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value Description 68 1 No avoidance 16 2 Avoidance exists 287 NA NA ============================================================ SOURCE: Hijmans, R.J., et al. 2005. Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology 25(15):1965-1978. data at http://www.worldclim.org/bioclim.htm (assigned by E. Anthon Eff) ----------------------------------------------------------- WNAI.meanalt. BIOCLIM: Mean altitude within 20 km radius (m) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=105 Stat Value nobs 105 mean 870.068 min 23 max 2475.283 sd 652.682 ============================================================ E. Anthon Eff's supplementary data ============================================================ ============================================================ SOURCE: data from http://www.ethnologue.com/, assigned by E. Anthon Eff ----------------------------------------------------------- reg. Classification into Old World or New World. Used for calculation of linguistic proximity matrix. Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value 230 newWorld 141 oldWorld iso639.3. ISO 639-3 language code, used on Ethnologue (http://www.ethnologue.com/) Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=328 First six non-missing records: society iso639.3 Tlingit tli Haida hax Tsimshian tsi Haisia has Bellabella hei Kwakiutl kwk lang. Language name, from Ethnologue (http://www.ethnologue.com/) Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=328 First six non-missing records: society lang Tlingit Tlingit Haida Haida Southern Tsimshian Tsimshian Haisia Haisla Bellabella Heiltsuk Kwakiutl Kwakiutl phyl. Language phylogenetic classification, from Ethnologue (http://www.ethnologue.com/) Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=270 First six non-missing records: society phyl Tlingit Na-dene, Nuclear Na-dene, Tlingit Haida Na-dene, Haida Tsimshian Penutian, Tsimshian Haisia Wakashan, Northern Bellabella Wakashan, Northern Kwakiutl Wakashan, Northern ============================================================ SOURCE: Hijmans, R.J., et al. 2005. Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology 25(15):1965-1978. data at http://www.worldclim.org/bioclim.htm (assigned by E. Anthon Eff) ----------------------------------------------------------- alt. BIOCLIM: Altitude (m) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=317 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 677.946 min -1 max 5000 sd 715.533 alt.sd. BIOCLIM: Altitude (m) { standard deviation within 20km radius } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=370 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 171.73 min 1.039 max 1001.75 sd 156.899 alt.flag. BIOCLIM: Altitude (m) { flag for data quality, higher values poorer accuracy } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value 368 0 2 3 1 5 sdalt. BIOCLIM: Standard deviation of altitude within 20 km radius (m) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=370 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 131.566 min 0.832 max 924.771 sd 135.332 bio.1. BIOCLIM: Annual Mean Temperature (dgC*10) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=211 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 141.057 min -164 max 292 sd 104.8 bio.1.sd. BIOCLIM: Annual Mean Temperature (dgC*10) { standard deviation within 20km radius } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=370 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 9.174 min 0 max 62.916 sd 8.69 bio.1.flag. BIOCLIM: Annual Mean Temperature (dgC*10) { flag for data quality, higher values poorer accuracy } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value 368 0 2 3 1 6.30102999566398 bio.2. BIOCLIM: Mean Diurnal Range (Mean of monthly (max temp - min temp)) (dgC*10) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=119 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 118.793 min 43 max 184 sd 34.234 bio.2.sd. BIOCLIM: Mean Diurnal Range (Mean of monthly (max temp - min temp)) (dgC*10) { standard deviation within 20km radius } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=367 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 3.171 min 0 max 19.48 sd 3.04 bio.2.flag. BIOCLIM: Mean Diurnal Range (Mean of monthly (max temp - min temp)) (dgC*10) { flag for data quality, higher values poorer accuracy } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value 368 0 2 3 1 6.30102999566398 bio.3. BIOCLIM: Isothermality (bio_2/bio_7) (* 100) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=78 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 48.952 min 14 max 91 sd 19.023 bio.3.sd. BIOCLIM: Isothermality (bio_2/bio_7) (* 100) { standard deviation within 20km radius } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=364 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 0.748 min 0 max 3.93 sd 0.507 bio.3.flag. BIOCLIM: Isothermality (bio_2/bio_7) (* 100) { flag for data quality, higher values poorer accuracy } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value 368 0 2 3 1 6.30102999566398 bio.4. BIOCLIM: Temperature Seasonality (standard deviation *100) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=363 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 5501.667 min 111 max 19190 sd 3970.129 bio.4.sd. BIOCLIM: Temperature Seasonality (standard deviation *100) { standard deviation within 20km radius } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=370 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 131.068 min 8.928 max 784.854 sd 134.72 bio.4.flag. BIOCLIM: Temperature Seasonality (standard deviation *100) { flag for data quality, higher values poorer accuracy } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value 368 0 2 3 1 6.30102999566398 bio.5. BIOCLIM: Max Temperature of Warmest Month (dgC*10) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=189 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 286.814 min 61 max 445 sd 72.738 bio.5.sd. BIOCLIM: Max Temperature of Warmest Month (dgC*10) { standard deviation within 20km radius } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=370 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 10.797 min 0.221 max 65.445 sd 10.09 bio.5.flag. BIOCLIM: Max Temperature of Warmest Month (dgC*10) { flag for data quality, higher values poorer accuracy } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value 368 0 2 3 1 6.30102999566398 bio.6. BIOCLIM: Min Temperature of Coldest Month (dgC*10) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=268 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 7.946 min -413 max 251 sd 151.539 bio.6.sd. BIOCLIM: Min Temperature of Coldest Month (dgC*10) { standard deviation within 20km radius } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=370 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 8.346 min 0.306 max 62.526 sd 7.904 bio.6.flag. BIOCLIM: Min Temperature of Coldest Month (dgC*10) { flag for data quality, higher values poorer accuracy } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value 368 0 2 3 1 6.30102999566398 bio.7. BIOCLIM: Temperature Annual Range (bio_5-bio_6) (dgC*10) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=253 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 279.312 min 57 max 622 sd 123.132 bio.7.sd. BIOCLIM: Temperature Annual Range (bio_5-bio_6) (dgC*10) { standard deviation within 20km radius } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=370 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 6.308 min 0.231 max 42.465 sd 6.499 bio.7.flag. BIOCLIM: Temperature Annual Range (bio_5-bio_6) (dgC*10) { flag for data quality, higher values poorer accuracy } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value 368 0 2 3 1 6.30102999566398 bio.8. BIOCLIM: Mean Temperature of Wettest Quarter (dgC*10) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=214 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 155.481 min -93 max 314 sd 100.473 bio.8.sd. BIOCLIM: Mean Temperature of Wettest Quarter (dgC*10) { standard deviation within 20km radius } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=370 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 11.204 min 0 max 75.623 sd 12.443 bio.8.flag. BIOCLIM: Mean Temperature of Wettest Quarter (dgC*10) { flag for data quality, higher values poorer accuracy } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value 368 0 2 3 1 5 bio.9. BIOCLIM: Mean Temperature of Driest Quarter (dgC*10) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=212 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 136.024 min -330 max 335 sd 137.046 bio.9.sd. BIOCLIM: Mean Temperature of Driest Quarter (dgC*10) { standard deviation within 20km radius } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=370 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 11.971 min 0 max 100.815 sd 13.733 bio.9.flag. BIOCLIM: Mean Temperature of Driest Quarter (dgC*10) { flag for data quality, higher values poorer accuracy } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value 368 0 2 3 1 5 bio.10. BIOCLIM: Mean Temperature of Warmest Quarter (dgC*10) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=199 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 210.314 min 13 max 345 sd 69.655 bio.10.sd. BIOCLIM: Mean Temperature of Warmest Quarter (dgC*10) { standard deviation within 20km radius } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=370 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 9.722 min 0 max 63.5 sd 9.257 bio.10.flag. BIOCLIM: Mean Temperature of Warmest Quarter (dgC*10) { flag for data quality, higher values poorer accuracy } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value 368 0 2 3 1 6.30102999566398 bio.11. BIOCLIM: Mean Temperature of Coldest Quarter (dgC*10) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=258 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 70.679 min -361 max 276 sd 148.222 bio.11.sd. BIOCLIM: Mean Temperature of Coldest Quarter (dgC*10) { standard deviation within 20km radius } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=370 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 8.386 min 0.405 max 62.687 sd 7.92 bio.11.flag. BIOCLIM: Mean Temperature of Coldest Quarter (dgC*10) { flag for data quality, higher values poorer accuracy } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value 368 0 2 3 1 6.30102999566398 bio.12. BIOCLIM: Annual Precipitation (mm) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=338 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 1133.766 min 0 max 5348 sd 954.536 bio.12.sd. BIOCLIM: Annual Precipitation (mm) { standard deviation within 20km radius } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=369 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 79.154 min 0 max 874.675 sd 100.97 bio.12.flag. BIOCLIM: Annual Precipitation (mm) { flag for data quality, higher values poorer accuracy } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value 368 0 2 3 1 5 bio.13. BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Wettest Month (mm) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=246 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 180.214 min 0 max 687 sd 137.589 bio.13.sd. BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Wettest Month (mm) { standard deviation within 20km radius } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=369 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 13.737 min 0 max 209.115 sd 20.158 bio.13.flag. BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Wettest Month (mm) { flag for data quality, higher values poorer accuracy } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value 368 0 2 3 1 5 bio.14. BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Driest Month (mm) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=100 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 31.913 min 0 max 348 sd 50.182 bio.14.sd. BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Driest Month (mm) { standard deviation within 20km radius } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=344 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 2.635 min 0 max 43.258 sd 4.197 bio.14.flag. BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Driest Month (mm) { flag for data quality, higher values poorer accuracy } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value 368 0 2 3 1 5 bio.15. BIOCLIM: Precipitation Seasonality (Coefficient of Variation) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=111 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 57.906 min 0 max 161 sd 29.142 bio.15.sd. BIOCLIM: Precipitation Seasonality (Coefficient of Variation) { standard deviation within 20km radius } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=367 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 2.192 min 0 max 25.899 sd 2.347 bio.15.flag. BIOCLIM: Precipitation Seasonality (Coefficient of Variation) { flag for data quality, higher values poorer accuracy } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value 368 0 2 3 1 5 bio.16. BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Wettest Quarter (mm) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=315 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 486.679 min 0 max 1830 sd 375.208 bio.16.sd. BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Wettest Quarter (mm) { standard deviation within 20km radius } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=369 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 35.635 min 0 max 439.725 sd 49.419 bio.16.flag. BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Wettest Quarter (mm) { flag for data quality, higher values poorer accuracy } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value 368 0 2 3 1 5 bio.17. BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Driest Quarter (mm) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=187 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 114.829 min 0 max 1139 sd 167.695 bio.17.sd. BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Driest Quarter (mm) { standard deviation within 20km radius } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=359 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 9.144 min 0 max 128.106 sd 13.774 bio.17.flag. BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Driest Quarter (mm) { flag for data quality, higher values poorer accuracy } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value 368 0 2 3 1 5 bio.18. BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Warmest Quarter (mm) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=274 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 260.419 min 0 max 1718 sd 267.829 bio.18.sd. BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Warmest Quarter (mm) { standard deviation within 20km radius } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=366 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 21.797 min 0 max 389.012 sd 36.251 bio.18.flag. BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Warmest Quarter (mm) { flag for data quality, higher values poorer accuracy } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value 368 0 2 3 1 6.30102999566398 bio.19. BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Coldest Quarter (mm) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=269 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 282.295 min 0 max 1491 sd 321.899 bio.19.sd. BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Coldest Quarter (mm) { standard deviation within 20km radius } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=366 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 28.527 min 0 max 245.885 sd 39.145 bio.19.flag. BIOCLIM: Precipitation of Coldest Quarter (mm) { flag for data quality, higher values poorer accuracy } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value 368 0 2 3 1 6.30102999566398 ============================================================ SOURCE: Imhoff, M. L., & Bounoua, L. (2006). Exploring Global Patterns of Net Primary Production Carbon Supply and Demand Using Satellite Observations and Statistical Data. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111(D22S12). Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007377 Data: Imhoff, M. L., Bounoua, L., Ricketts, T., Loucks, C., Harriss, R., & Lawrence, W. T. (2004, 20141127). HANPP Collection: Human Appropriation of Net Primary Productivity as a Percentage of Net Primary Productivity. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.7927/H4W66HPJ ----------------------------------------------------------- mnnpp. Mean Net Primary Production within 50 km radius. (scaled) (Imhoff et al. 2004) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=370 Stat Value nobs 371 mean -0.239 min -1.329 max 2.29 sd 0.887 ============================================================ SOURCE: rectified by E. Anthon Eff ----------------------------------------------------------- long. Longitude (decimal degrees)--rectified Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=352 Stat Value nobs 371 mean -38.366 min -172.441 max 179.495 sd 97.2 lati. Latitude (decimal degrees)--rectified Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=336 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 25.772 min -55.427 max 77.49 sd 26.576 ============================================================ SOURCE: Olson, D. M, et al. 2001. Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: a new map of life on earth. BioScience 51:933-938 (assigned by E. Anthon Eff) ----------------------------------------------------------- ecoregion. WWF ecoregion. (Olson et al. 2001) Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=207 First six non-missing records: society ecoregion Tlingit Northern Pacific Coastal Forests Haida Queen Charlotte Islands Tsimshian North Cascades Forests Haisia North Cascades Forests Bellabella North Cascades Forests Kwakiutl Central Pacific Coastal Forests mht.name. WWF major habitat type. (Olson et al. 2001) Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=15 Freq Value 19 Boreal forest/taigas 62 Deserts and xeric shrublands 1 Flooded grasslands 17 Mediterranean scrub 4 Montane grasslands 2 Snow, ice, glaciers, and rock 19 Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests 71 Temperate coniferous forests 29 Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands 2 Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests 15 Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests 42 Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands 69 Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests 16 Tundra 3 Water ============================================================ SOURCE: Kottek, M., et al. 2006. World Map of the Koeppen-Geiger climate classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263. DOI: 10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130. (assigned by E. Anthon Eff) ----------------------------------------------------------- koeppengei. Koeppen-Geiger climate classification code. (Kottek et al. 2006) Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=23 Freq Value Description 40 Af Equatorial: fully humid 13 Am Equatorial: monsoonal 1 As Equatorial: summer dry 47 Aw Equatorial: winter dry 15 BSh Arid: steppe; hot 31 BSk Arid: steppe; cold 20 BWh Arid: desert; hot 8 BWk Arid: desert; cold 13 Cfa Warm Temperate: fully humid; hot summer 20 Cfb Warm Temperate: fully humid; warm summer 3 Cfc Warm Temperate: fully humid; cool summer 10 Csa Warm Temperate: summer dry; hot summer 53 Csb Warm Temperate: summer dry; warm summer 7 Cwa Warm Temperate: winter dry; hot summer 5 Cwb Warm Temperate: winter dry; warm summer 4 Dfa Snow: fully humid; hot summer 24 Dfb Snow: fully humid; warm summer 29 Dfc Snow: fully humid; cool summer 2 Dsb Snow: summer dry; warm summer 1 Dsc Snow: summer dry; cool summer 1 Dwa Snow: winter dry; hot summer 1 Dwb Snow: winter dry; warm summer 23 ET Polar: tundra koepdesc. Koeppen-Geiger code description. (Kottek et al. 2006) Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=23 Freq Value 8 Arid: desert; cold 20 Arid: desert; hot 31 Arid: steppe; cold 15 Arid: steppe; hot 40 Equatorial: fully humid 13 Equatorial: monsoonal 1 Equatorial: summer dry 47 Equatorial: winter dry 23 Polar: tundra 29 Snow: fully humid; cool summer 4 Snow: fully humid; hot summer 24 Snow: fully humid; warm summer 1 Snow: summer dry; cool summer 2 Snow: summer dry; warm summer 1 Snow: winter dry; hot summer 1 Snow: winter dry; warm summer 3 Warm Temperate: fully humid; cool summer 13 Warm Temperate: fully humid; hot summer 20 Warm Temperate: fully humid; warm summer 10 Warm Temperate: summer dry; hot summer 53 Warm Temperate: summer dry; warm summer 7 Warm Temperate: winter dry; hot summer 5 Warm Temperate: winter dry; warm summer ============================================================ SOURCE: data from http://www.gadm.org/ (assigned by E. Anthon Eff) ----------------------------------------------------------- iso. ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country codes (GADM-2 data from http://www.gadm.org/) Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=93 First six non-missing records: society iso Tlingit USA Haida CAN Tsimshian CAN Haisia CAN Bellabella CAN Kwakiutl CAN name.0. Name of Country (GADM-2 data from http://www.gadm.org/) Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=93 First six non-missing records: society name.0 Tlingit United States Haida Canada Tsimshian Canada Haisia Canada Bellabella Canada Kwakiutl Canada name.1. Name of first subnational administrative level (GADM-2 data from http://www.gadm.org/) Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=349; Number of unique values=182 First six non-missing records: society name.1 Tlingit Alaska Haida British Columbia Tsimshian British Columbia Haisia British Columbia Bellabella British Columbia Kwakiutl British Columbia hasc.1. Hierarchical administrative subdivision code--level 1 (GADM-2 data from http://www.gadm.org/) Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=356; Number of unique values=189 First six non-missing records: society hasc.1 Tlingit US.AK Haida CA.BC Tsimshian CA.BC Haisia CA.BC Bellabella CA.BC Kwakiutl CA.BC name.2. Name of second subnational administrative level (GADM-2 data from http://www.gadm.org/) Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=334; Number of unique values=292 First six non-missing records: society name.2 Tlingit Wrangell-Petersburg Haida Skeena-Queen Charlotte Tsimshian Skeena-Queen Charlotte Haisia Kitimat-Stikine Bellabella Kitimat-Stikine Kwakiutl Mount Waddington hasc.2. Hierarchical administrative subdivision code--level 2 (GADM-2 data from http://www.gadm.org/) Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=298; Number of unique values=257 First six non-missing records: society hasc.2 Tlingit US.AK.WR Haida CA.BC.SQ Tsimshian CA.BC.SQ Haisia CA.BC.KS Bellabella CA.BC.KS Kwakiutl CA.BC.MW name.3. Name of third subnational administrative level (GADM-2 data from http://www.gadm.org/) Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=120; Number of unique values=112 First six non-missing records: society name.3 Haida Skeena-Queen Charlotte D Tsimshian Skeena-Queen Charlotte C Haisia Kitimat-Stikine C (Part 2) Bellabella Kitimat-Stikine C (Part 2) Kwakiutl Mount Waddington D Bellacoola Central Coast C ============================================================ SOURCE: assignment by E. Anthon Eff ----------------------------------------------------------- continent. Continent Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value 47 Africa 57 Asia 12 Australia 7 Europe 198 North America 16 Oceania 34 South America region. Major sub-continental geographic region Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=22 Freq Value 4 Asiatic Russia 13 Australia/New Zealand 2 Caribbean 13 Central America 1 Central Asia 17 Eastern Africa 8 Eastern Asia 2 European Russia 9 Melanesia 5 Micronesia 7 Middle Africa 8 Northern Africa 183 Northern America 2 Northern Europe 3 Polynesia 34 South America 20 Southeastern Asia 4 Southern Africa 15 Southern Asia 3 Southern Europe 11 Western Africa 7 Western Asia ============================================================ SOURCE: FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISS-CAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria. ----------------------------------------------------------- flag1. Data quality flag 1 { Dummy==1 where imputed values used for: "noaddprop", "gelic", "petric", "vertic" } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value 364 0 7 1 noaddprop. No additional soil properties (not gelic, petric, or vertic) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=22 Freq Value 4 0 1 5 3 10 1 15 3 20 4 30 1 34 1 40 1 66 1 67 4 70 1 72 2 75 5 80 1 84 1 85 2 86 15 90 1 92 1 93 1 94 317 100 gelic. Gelic properties refer to soils having permafrost within 200 cm from the soil surface. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=11 Freq Value 352 0 3 4 1 10 1 20 1 33 1 34 1 66 3 70 3 80 1 90 4 100 petric. Petric properties refer to strongly cemented or indurated layer starting within 100 cm from the soil surface. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value 366 0 2 10 1 25 2 30 vertic. Vertic properties refer to cracks of more than 1 cm wide occurring in the upper part of the soil. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=17 Freq Value 338 0 1 2 1 4 1 7 12 10 1 12 2 14 1 15 4 20 1 25 1 28 2 30 1 60 1 70 1 85 2 90 1 95 flag2. Data quality flag 2 { Dummy==1 where imputed values used for: "clayheavy", "claylight", "clayloam", "loam", "loamysand", "sand", "sandyclay", "sandyclayloam", "sandyloam", "siltloam", "siltyclay", "siltyclayloam" } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value 351 0 20 1 clayheavy. Percent of soil in soil texture category 1, where 1 is finest soil and 13 is the coarsest. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=12 Freq Value 358 0 1 3 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 12 2 20 1 25 1 40 1 50 2 70 1 100 siltyclay. Percent of soil in soil texture category 2, where 1 is finest soil and 13 is the coarsest. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value 367 0 1 5 1 15 1 50 1 70 claylight. Percent of soil in soil texture category 3, where 1 is finest soil and 13 is the coarsest. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=23 Freq Value 265 0 1 3 2 6 17 10 1 11 1 12 3 15 18 20 2 21 4 25 1 28 14 30 2 33 3 35 5 40 2 45 5 50 8 60 4 70 5 80 1 85 1 95 6 100 siltyclayloam. Percent of soil in soil texture category 4, where 1 is finest soil and 13 is the coarsest. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=9 Freq Value 360 0 1 5 1 9 1 10 1 11 1 22 4 30 1 50 1 100 clayloam. Percent of soil in soil texture category 5, where 1 is finest soil and 13 is the coarsest. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=21 Freq Value 330 0 1 3 2 5 3 10 1 11 5 20 2 21 1 24 1 25 4 30 7 40 1 44 2 50 1 52 2 60 1 70 1 75 3 80 1 85 1 90 1 100 siltloam. Percent of soil in soil texture category 7, where 1 is finest soil and 13 is the coarsest. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=16 Freq Value 348 0 1 2 1 4 1 5 1 8 3 10 1 11 1 17 2 20 4 30 1 33 1 40 1 60 2 70 1 90 2 100 sandyclay. Percent of soil in soil texture category 8, where 1 is finest soil and 13 is the coarsest. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=10 Freq Value 361 0 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 7 2 8 1 35 1 50 1 60 1 80 loam. Percent of soil in soil texture category 9, where 1 is finest soil and 13 is the coarsest. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=28 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 49.205 min 0 max 100 sd 38.907 sandyclayloam. Percent of soil in soil texture category 10, where 1 is finest soil and 13 is the coarsest. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=19 Freq Value 294 0 1 1 1 2 1 4 2 5 6 10 1 15 14 20 2 25 10 30 4 35 4 40 1 48 4 50 8 60 1 65 13 70 2 80 2 100 sandyloam. Percent of soil in soil texture category 11, where 1 is finest soil and 13 is the coarsest. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=24 Freq Value 290 0 1 8 3 10 1 11 3 15 1 17 5 20 1 25 9 30 4 34 7 35 4 40 1 42 1 45 8 50 1 55 11 60 1 65 7 70 1 80 1 89 1 90 1 94 8 100 loamysand. Percent of soil in soil texture category 12, where 1 is finest soil and 13 is the coarsest. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=19 Freq Value 317 0 3 10 2 15 1 18 1 19 14 20 3 25 1 29 4 30 2 33 6 35 2 40 4 50 1 53 1 60 5 70 1 75 1 90 2 100 sand. Percent of soil in soil texture category 13, where 1 is finest soil and 13 is the coarsest. Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=16 Freq Value 346 0 1 2 1 4 2 8 1 9 1 10 3 20 3 25 1 26 1 30 1 35 3 50 1 60 1 65 2 70 3 100 flag3. Data quality flag 3 { Dummy==1 where imputed values used for: "issoil", "t_texture", "drainage", "awc_class", "t_gravel", "t_sand", "t_silt", "t_clay", "t_usda_tex_class", "t_ref_bulk_density", "t_bulk_density", "t_oc", "t_ph_h2o", "t_cec_clay", "t_cec_soil", "t_bs", "t_teb", "t_caco3", "t_caso4", "t_esp", "t_ece", "s_gravel", "s_sand", "s_silt", "s_clay", "s_usda_tex_class", "s_ref_bulk_density", "s_bulk_density", "s_oc", "s_ph_h2o", "s_cec_clay", "s_cec_soil", "s_bs", "s_teb", "s_caco3", "s_caso4", "s_esp", "s_ece","su_symbol", "su_value" } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value 365 0 6 1 issoil. Proportion of sampled area that is soil Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value 14 0 1 0.66 3 0.9 1 0.98 352 1 t_texture. Texture of topsoil (higher values coarser texture) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=43 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 1.915 min 0 max 3 sd 0.558 drainage. Drainage of soil (higher values better drainage) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=60 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 3.577 min 0 max 6 sd 1.095 awc_class. Available Water storage Capacity (higher values less water storage capacity) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=61 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 2.033 min 0 max 6.2 sd 1.345 t_gravel. Percent of topsoil consisting of gravel Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=26 Freq Value 36 0 17 1 8 2 8 3 21 4 28 5 32 6 43 7 21 8 30 9 23 10 16 11 9 12 27 13 6 14 9 15 14 16 8 17 3 18 4 19 2 20 2 22 1 26 1 27 1 31 1 36 t_sand. Percent of topsoil consisting of sand Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=64 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 40.561 min 0 max 89 sd 15.555 t_silt. Percent of topsoil consisting of silt Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=51 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 26.836 min 0 max 61 sd 10.391 t_clay. Percent of topsoil consisting of clay Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=50 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 20.841 min 0 max 71 sd 10.672 t_usda_tex_class. Measure of topsoil texture (higher values coarser texture) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=95 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 8.194 min 0 max 13 sd 2.566 t_ref_bulk_density. Bulk density = topsoil mass/topsoil volume. Calculations based on texture only. { Bulk density is inversely related to porosity. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=190 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 1.362 min 0 max 1.71 sd 0.288 t_bulk_density. Bulk density = topsoil mass/topsoil volume. Calculations based on texture, organic matter content, and porosity. { Bulk density is inversely related to porosity. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=206 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 1.26 min 0 max 1.55 sd 0.3 t_oc. Percentage of organic carbon in topsoil. { Organic Carbon is together with pH, the best simple indicator of the health status of the soil. Moderate to high amounts of organic carbon are associated with fertile soils with a good structure. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=251 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 2.064 min 0 max 35.27 sd 3.438 t_ph_h2o. pH of topsoil. { Low values are acidic; high values alkaline. Best soils for most crops lie in 5.5 to 7.2 range. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=197 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 5.941 min 0 max 8.29 sd 1.551 t_cec_clay. Cation exchange capacity of the clay fraction in topsoil. { The total nutrient fixing capacity of a soil is well expressed by its Cation Exchange Capacity. Soils with low CEC have little resilience and can not build up stores of nutrients. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=231 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 45.695 min 0 max 140 sd 23.945 t_cec_soil. Cation exchange capacity in topsoil. { The total nutrient fixing capacity of a soil is well expressed by its Cation Exchange Capacity. Soils with low CEC have little resilience and can not build up stores of nutrients. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=185 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 15.998 min 0 max 121 sd 12.058 t_bs. Base saturation in topsoil. { The base saturation measures the sum of exchangeable cations (nutrients) Na, Ca, Mg and K as a percentage of the overall exchange capacity of the soil (including the same cations plus H and Al). The value often shows a near linear correlation with pH. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=199 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 66.758 min 0 max 100 sd 28.809 t_teb. Total exchangable bases in topsoil. { Total exchangeable bases stand for the sum of exchangeable cations in a soil: sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and Potassium (K). } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=256 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 11.598 min 0 max 45.84 sd 8.592 t_caco3. Calcium carbonate (lime) content in topsoil. { Low levels of calcium carbonate enhance soil structure and are generally beneficial for crop production but at higher concentrations they may induce iron deficiency and when cemented limit the water storage capacity of soils. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=126 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 1.65 min 0 max 12.09 sd 2.875 t_caso4. Calcium sulphate (gypsum) content in topsoil { Up to 2 percent gypsum in the soil favours plant growth, between 2 and 25 percent has little or no adverse effect if in powdery form, but more than 25 percent can cause substantial reduction in yields. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=38 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 0.039 min 0 max 1.71 sd 0.146 t_esp. Exchangeable sodium percentage in the topsoil { Exchangeable sodium percentage has been used to indicate levels of sodium in soils. It is calculated as the ratio of Na in the CEC (or sum of cations) ESP= Na*100/CECsoil } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=84 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 2.279 min 0 max 21.2 sd 2.34 t_ece. Electrical conductivity of topsoil { Salt content of a soil can be roughly estimated from the Electrical Conductivity of the soil (EC, expressed in dS m-1). Crops vary considerably in their resistance and response to salt in soils. Some crops will suffer at values as little as 2 dS m-1 (Spinach) others can stand up to 16 dS m-1 (Date palm). } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=73 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 0.295 min 0 max 10.665 sd 0.837 s_gravel. Percent of subsoil consisting of gravel Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=28 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 8.17 min 0 max 38 sd 6.404 s_sand. Percent of subsoil consisting of sand Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=70 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 38.499 min 0 max 90 sd 16.888 s_silt. Percent of subsoil consisting of silt Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=48 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 24.439 min 0 max 61 sd 10.511 s_clay. Percent of subsoil consisting of clay Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=53 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 24.323 min 0 max 77 sd 12.82 s_usda_tex_class. Measure of subsoil texture (higher values coarser texture) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=103 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 6.309 min 0 max 12.7 sd 2.717 s_ref_bulk_density. Bulk density = subsoil mass/subsoil volume. Calculations based on texture only. { Bulk density is inversely related to porosity. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=220 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 1.211 min 0 max 1.7 sd 0.346 s_bulk_density. Bulk density = subsoil mass/subsoil volume. Calculations based on texture, organic matter content, and porosity. { Bulk density is inversely related to porosity. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=222 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 1.187 min 0 max 1.616 sd 0.367 s_oc. Percentage of organic carbon in subsoil. { Organic Carbon is together with pH, the best simple indicator of the health status of the soil. Moderate to high amounts of organic carbon are associated with fertile soils with a good structure. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=233 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 1.196 min 0 max 39.16 sd 3.437 s_ph_h2o. pH of subsoil. { Low values are acidic; high values alkaline. Best soils for most crops lie in 5.5 to 7.2 range. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=204 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 5.49 min 0 max 8.85 sd 1.874 s_cec_clay. Cation exchange capacity of the clay fraction in subsoil. { The total nutrient fixing capacity of a soil is well expressed by its Cation Exchange Capacity. Soils with low CEC have little resilience and can not build up stores of nutrients. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=230 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 41.296 min 0 max 140 sd 25.858 s_cec_soil. Cation exchange capacity in subsoil. { The total nutrient fixing capacity of a soil is well expressed by its Cation Exchange Capacity. Soils with low CEC have little resilience and can not build up stores of nutrients. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=190 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 13.407 min 0 max 120 sd 11.908 s_bs. Base saturation in subsoil. { The base saturation measures the sum of exchangeable cations (nutrients) Na, Ca, Mg and K as a percentage of the overall exchange capacity of the soil (including the same cations plus H and Al). The value often shows a near linear correlation with pH. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=196 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 59.769 min 0 max 100 sd 30.778 s_teb. Total exchangable bases in subsoil. { Total exchangeable bases stand for the sum of exchangeable cations in a soil: sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and Potassium (K). } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=250 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 11.273 min 0 max 56.68 sd 10.447 s_caco3. Calcium carbonate (lime) content in subsoil. { Low levels of calcium carbonate enhance soil structure and are generally beneficial for crop production but at higher concentrations they may induce iron deficiency and when cemented limit the water storage capacity of soils. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=123 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 2.3 min 0 max 26.89 sd 4.213 s_caso4. Calcium sulphate (gypsum) content in subsoil { Up to 2 percent gypsum in the soil favours plant growth, between 2 and 25 percent has little or no adverse effect if in powdery form, but more than 25 percent can cause substantial reduction in yields. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=48 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 0.082 min 0 max 2.62 sd 0.231 s_esp. Exchangeable sodium percentage in the subsoil { Exchangeable sodium percentage has been used to indicate levels of sodium in soils. It is calculated as the ratio of Na in the CEC (or sum of cations) ESP= Na*100/CECsoil } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=91 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 2.625 min 0 max 30.5 sd 3.756 s_ece. Electrical conductivity of subsoil { Salt content of a soil can be roughly estimated from the Electrical Conductivity of the soil (EC, expressed in dS m-1). Crops vary considerably in their resistance and response to salt in soils. Some crops will suffer at values as little as 2 dS m-1 (Spinach) others can stand up to 16 dS m-1 (Date palm). } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=91 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 0.766 min 0 max 6.95 sd 1.568 su_symbol. Symbol for HWSD spatially dominant major soil group. Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=30 First six non-missing records: society su_symbol Tlingit PZ Haida PZ Tsimshian PZ Haisia PZ Bellabella PZ Kwakiutl PZ su_value. Name of HWSD spatially dominant major soil group. Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=30 First six non-missing records: society su_value Tlingit Podzols Haida Podzols Tsimshian Podzols Haisia Podzols Bellabella Podzols Kwakiutl Podzols ============================================================ SOURCE: Fischer, G., F. Nachtergaele, S. Prieler, H.T. van Velthuizen, L. Verelst, D. Wiberg, 2008. Global Agro-ecological Zones Assessment for Agriculture (GAEZ 2008). IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria and FAO, Rome, Italy. http://www.iiasa.ac.at ----------------------------------------------------------- sq1. Nutrient availability { Soil texture, soil organic carbon, soil pH, total exchangeable bases } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value 17 0 153 1 93 2 69 3 8 4 1 5 24 6 6 7 sq2. Nutrient retention capacity { Soil Organic carbon, Soil texture, base saturation, cation exchange capacity of soil and of clay fraction } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value 17 0 178 1 109 2 32 3 4 4 1 5 24 6 6 7 sq3. Rooting conditions { Soil textures, bulk density, coarse fragments, vertic soil properties and soil phases affecting root penetration and soil depth and soil volume } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value 17 0 228 1 53 2 27 3 9 4 7 5 24 6 6 7 sq4. Oxygen availability to roots { Soil drainage and soil phases affecting soil drainage } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value 17 0 276 1 27 2 13 3 6 4 2 5 24 6 6 7 sq5. Excess salts. { Soil salinity, soil sodicity and soil phases influencing salt conditions } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value 17 0 281 1 27 2 12 3 3 4 1 5 24 6 6 7 sq6. Toxicity { Calcium carbonate and gypsum } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value 17 0 309 1 8 2 4 3 2 4 1 5 24 6 6 7 sq7. Workability (constraining field management) { Soil texture, effective soil depth/volume, and soil phases constraining soil management (soil depth, rock outcrop, stoniness, gravel/concretions and hardpans) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=8 Freq Value 17 0 223 1 59 2 22 3 13 4 7 5 24 6 6 7 ============================================================ SOURCE: wiki:dicgsh1. (2013, Jan 10). In WorldGrids. Retrieved 18:00, February 10, 2014, from http://worldgrids.org/doku.php?id=wiki:dicgsh1&rev=1357843759. ----------------------------------------------------------- Grids and descriptions obtained from http://worldgrids.org. Resolution 1 km gridcell. dicgsh1a. Distance to the coast line in km based on GSHHS { Negative values show distance across land to coastline; Postive values show distance across water to coastline (very small islands have positive values) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=314 Stat Value nobs 371 mean -329.616 min -2247.5 max 941.5 sd 401.741 dicgsh1a.flag. Distance to the coast line in km based on GSHHS { data quality flag--higher numbers are less accurate } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=1 Freq Value 371 0 ============================================================ SOURCE: wiki:etmnts3. (2013, Nov 3). In WorldGrids. Retrieved 22:23, February 10, 2014, from http://worldgrids.org/doku.php?id=wiki:etmnts3&rev=1383494293. ----------------------------------------------------------- Grids and descriptions obtained from http://worldgrids.org. Resolution 1 km gridcell. etmnts2a. Long-term MODIS-estimated Evapotranspiration (MOD16) (mm/year) Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=358 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 6011.299 min 70 max 15802 sd 4254.836 etmnts2a.flag. Long-term MODIS-estimated Evapotranspiration (MOD16) (mm/year) { data quality flag--higher numbers are less accurate } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value 352 0 1 1 15 4 3 5 ============================================================ SOURCE: wiki:g12igb3. (2013, Nov 4). In WorldGrids. Retrieved 23:11, February 10, 2014, from http://worldgrids.org/doku.php?id=wiki:g12igb3&rev=1383553116. ----------------------------------------------------------- Grids and descriptions obtained from http://worldgrids.org. Resolution 1 km gridcell. g12igb3a. Land cover type 1 (IGBP) for year 2012 Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=16 Freq Value 11 0 46 1 47 2 2 4 18 5 2 6 36 7 45 8 12 9 53 10 4 11 35 12 15 13 25 14 5 15 15 16 g12igb3a.flag. Land cover type 1 (IGBP) for year 2012 { data quality flag--higher numbers are less accurate } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=1 Freq Value 371 0 ============================================================ SOURCE: wiki:twisre3. (2013, May 1). In WorldGrids. Retrieved 23:09, February 10, 2014, from http://worldgrids.org/doku.php?id=wiki:twisre3&rev=1367407809. ----------------------------------------------------------- Grids and descriptions obtained from http://worldgrids.org. Resolution 1 km gridcell. twisre3a. SAGA GIS Topographic wetness index { Sorensen, R., Zinko, U., & Seibert, J. (2006). On the calculation of the topographic wetness index: evaluation of different methods based on field observations. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 10(1), 101-112. doi:10.5194/hess-10-101-2006 } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=94 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 111.593 min 50 max 165 sd 22.619 twisre3a.flag. SAGA GIS Topographic wetness index { data quality flag--higher numbers are less accurate } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value 365 0 3 3 2 4 1 999 ============================================================ SOURCE: wiki:l3pobi3. (2013, Nov 4). In WorldGrids. Retrieved 03:05, February 11, 2014, from http://worldgrids.org/doku.php?id=wiki:l3pobi3&rev=1383582266. ----------------------------------------------------------- Grids and descriptions obtained from http://worldgrids.org. Resolution 1 km gridcell. l3pobi3b. Physiographic landform units Level 3 (SCALA project) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value 21 1 21 2 76 3 3 4 68 5 87 6 95 7 l3pobi3b.flag. Physiographic landform units Level 3 (SCALA project) { data quality flag--higher numbers are less accurate } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value 364 0 2 3 4 4 1 5 l3pobi3b.navn. Physiographic landform units Level 3 (SCALA project) { names of categories } Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=7 Freq Value 21 flat plains 21 high hills 76 high mountains 3 irregular plains 68 low mountains 87 rough low hills 95 smooth low hills ============================================================ SOURCE: wiki:opisre3. (2013, May 2). In WorldGrids. Retrieved 03:08, February 11, 2014, from http://worldgrids.org/doku.php?id=wiki:opisre3&rev=1367479588. ----------------------------------------------------------- Grids and descriptions obtained from http://worldgrids.org. Resolution 1 km gridcell. opisre2a. SAGA GIS Topopgraphic Openess Index { Topographic openess developed by Yokoyama R, Shirasawa M and Pike RJ, 2002, Visualizing topography by Openness: A new applicationof image processing to digital elevation models. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 68(3): 257-265. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=106 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 1538.155 min 1227 max 1572 sd 42.364 opisre2a.flag. SAGA GIS Topopgraphic Openess Index { data quality flag--higher numbers are less accurate } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value 369 0 1 4 1 999 ============================================================ SOURCE: wiki:geaisg3. (2013, Oct 30). In WorldGrids. Retrieved 03:45, February 11, 2014, from http://worldgrids.org/doku.php?id=wiki:geaisg3&rev=1383149038. ----------------------------------------------------------- Grids and descriptions obtained from http://worldgrids.org. Resolution 1 km gridcell. geaisg3a. Geological ages based on the surface geology Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=44 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 55.757 min 1 max 92 sd 28.093 geaisg3a.flag. Geological ages based on the surface geology { data quality flag--higher numbers are less accurate } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value 356 0 4 3 5 4 2 6 3 6.30102999566398 1 999 geaisg3a.navn. Geological ages based on the surface geology { names of categories } Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=44 First six non-missing records: society geaisg3a.navn Tlingit Triassic, Ordovician Haida Tertiary Tsimshian Permian, Devonian Haisia Unknown Bellabella Tertiary Kwakiutl Triassic ============================================================ SOURCE: wiki:glcjrc3. (2012, Aug 21). In WorldGrids. Retrieved 03:47, February 11, 2014, from http://worldgrids.org/doku.php?id=wiki:glcjrc3&rev=1345532060. ----------------------------------------------------------- Grids and descriptions obtained from http://worldgrids.org. Resolution 1 km gridcell. glcjrc3a. Global Land Cover map for the year 2000 (GLC2000) Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=21 Freq Value Description 43 1 1 10 2 2 6 3 3 68 4 4 1 5 5 8 6 6 4 7 7 7 9 9 1 10 10 10 11 11 50 12 12 36 13 13 33 14 14 3 15 15 35 16 16 10 17 17 8 18 18 9 19 19 18 20 20 5 21 21 6 22 22 glcjrc3a.flag. Global Land Cover map for the year 2000 (GLC2000) { data quality flag--higher numbers are less accurate } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value 368 0 2 4 1 999 glcjrc3a.navn. Global Land Cover map for the year 2000 (GLC2000) { names of categories } Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=21 Freq Value 6 Artificial surfaces and associated areas 9 Bare Areas 35 Cultivated and managed areas 36 Herbaceous Cover, closed-open 8 Mosaic: Cropland / Shrub and/or grass cover 10 Mosaic: Cropland / Tree Cover / Other natural vege 7 Mosaic: Tree Cover / Other natural vegetation 43 No data 3 Regularly flooded shrub and/or herbaceous cover 50 Shrub Cover, closed-open, deciduous 10 Shrub Cover, closed-open, evergreen 5 Snow and Ice 33 Sparse herbaceous or sparse shrub cover 10 Tree Cover, broadleaved, deciduous, closed 6 Tree Cover, broadleaved, deciduous, open 1 Tree Cover, burnt 8 Tree Cover, mixed leaf type 1 Tree Cover, needle-leaved, deciduous 68 Tree Cover, needle-leaved, evergreen 4 Tree Cover, regularly flooded, fresh water 18 Water Bodies ============================================================ SOURCE: wiki:inmsre3. (2013, Jan 22). In WorldGrids. Retrieved 03:50, February 11, 2014, from http://worldgrids.org/doku.php?id=wiki:inmsre3&rev=1358848418. ----------------------------------------------------------- Grids and descriptions obtained from http://worldgrids.org. Resolution 1 km gridcell. inmsre3a. Mean potential incoming solar radiation (8-day average) derived in SAGA GIS Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=22 Freq Value 1 21 1 24 1 27 3 29 3 30 6 31 10 32 54 33 111 34 55 35 40 36 1 36.1 37 37 18 38 11 39 6 40 3 41 5 42 2 43 1 44 1 45 1 53 inmsre3a.flag. Mean potential incoming solar radiation (8-day average) derived in SAGA GIS { data quality flag--higher numbers are less accurate } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value 364 0 4 3 2 4 1 999 ============================================================ SOURCE: wiki:inssre3. (2013, Jan 22). In WorldGrids. Retrieved 03:50, February 11, 2014, from http://worldgrids.org/doku.php?id=wiki:inssre3&rev=1358848394. ----------------------------------------------------------- Grids and descriptions obtained from http://worldgrids.org. Resolution 1 km gridcell. inssre2a. Standard deviation of the potential incoming solar radiation derived in SAGA GIS Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=348 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 21.331 min 18.392 max 29.027 sd 1.013 inssre2a.flag. Standard deviation of the potential incoming solar radiation derived in SAGA GIS { data quality flag--higher numbers are less accurate } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value 365 0 1 3 3 4 1 5 1 999 ============================================================ SOURCE: wiki:evmmod3. (2012, Aug 29). In WorldGrids. Retrieved 04:00, February 11, 2014, from http://worldgrids.org/doku.php?id=wiki:evmmod3&rev=1346248114. ----------------------------------------------------------- Grids and descriptions obtained from http://worldgrids.org. Resolution 1 km gridcell. evmmod2a. Mean value of the monthly MODIS EVI time series data { Enhanced Vegetation Index: https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/modis_products_table/mod13q1 } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=359 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 2706.44 min -1078 max 7083 sd 1542.033 evmmod2a.flag. Mean value of the monthly MODIS EVI time series data { data quality flag--higher numbers are less accurate } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=2 Freq Value 370 0 1 999 ============================================================ SOURCE: wiki:lammod3. (2012, Nov 18). In WorldGrids. Retrieved 04:04, February 11, 2014, from http://worldgrids.org/doku.php?id=wiki:lammod3&rev=1353239241. ----------------------------------------------------------- Grids and descriptions obtained from http://worldgrids.org. Resolution 1 km gridcell. lammod3a. Mean value of the monthly MODIS EVI time series data { Leaf Area Index: https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/modis_products_table/mod15a2 } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=53 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 13.954 min 0 max 56 sd 13.702 lammod3a.flag. Mean value of the monthly MODIS EVI time series data { data quality flag--higher numbers are less accurate } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value 320 0 7 1 17 3 22 4 5 5 ============================================================ SOURCE: (1) Climate Research Unit, Univ. of East Anglia. Available at http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/~markn/cru05/cru05_intro.html. (2) New, M.G., M. Hulme and P.D. Jones, 1999: Representing 20th century space-time climate variability. I: Development of a 1961-1990 mean monthly terrestrial climatology. J. Climate. 12, 829-856. ----------------------------------------------------------- anntotprecip. Average Annual Total Precipitation { The total amount of precipitation that falls during an average year (1960 to 1990) in units of millimeters (mm3 per year / mm2 = mm / year). } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=11 Freq Value 128 0 59 1 47 2 53 3 22 4 14 5 16 6 12 7 11 8 7 9 2 10 anntotprecip.flag. Average Annual Total Precipitation { data quality flag--higher numbers are less accurate } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value 366 0 4 5 1 6 avgannrh. Average Annual Relative Humidity { Relative humidity is defined as the ratio of the actual vapor pressure of water vapor to the saturation vapor pressure of water, in other words how much water is in the air divided by the most water that could possibly be there. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=67 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 67.612 min 3 max 97 sd 15.828 avgannrh.flag. Average Annual Relative Humidity { data quality flag--higher numbers are less accurate } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value 367 0 2 4 1 5 1 6 avgannrunoff. The total volume of water running over the surface in a year-averaged over the gridcell. { the volume of water running over this gridcell divided by the area of the gridcell itself (mm3 per year / mm2 over 1 yr = mm/yr) } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=232 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 464.997 min 0 max 3012 sd 599.51 avgannrunoff.flag. The total volume of water running over the surface in a year-averaged over the gridcell. { data quality flag--higher numbers are less accurate } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value 339 0 16 5 10 6 4 6.30102999566398 2 999 ============================================================ SOURCE: Willmott, Cort J., and Matsuura Kenji (2001): Terrestrial Water Budget Data Archive: Monthly Time Series (1950-1999). Available: http://climate.geog.udel.edu/~climate/html_pages/README.wb_ts2.html. ----------------------------------------------------------- Grids and variable descriptions are downloaded from the Atlas of the Biosphere, a product of the Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (SAGE), part of the Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies at the University of Wisconsin - Madison (http://www.sage.wisc.edu/atlas/). Resolution is 30 arc minutes. evapotrans. Evapotranspiration { The amount of water removed from the surface through evaporation (due to temperature, humidity, radiation...) and through transpiration (the process by which plants move water up from their roots and out through their leaves). Evapotranspiration can be used to estimate the amount of water the local vegetation needs to remain in equilibrium with the ground water supply. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=357 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 50.254 min 0.272 max 148.116 sd 33.407 evapotrans.flag. Evapotranspiration { data quality flag--higher numbers are less accurate } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value 336 0 1 1 24 5 5 6 5 6.30102999566398 ============================================================ SOURCE: (1) Climate Research Unit, Univ. of East Anglia. Available at http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/~markn/cru05/cru05_intro.html. (2) New, M.G., M. Hulme and P.D. Jones, 1999: Representing 20th century space-time climate variability. I: Development of a 1961-1990 mean monthly terrestrial climatology. J. Climate. 12, 829-856. ----------------------------------------------------------- Grids and variable descriptions are downloaded from the Atlas of the Biosphere, a product of the Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (SAGE), part of the Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies at the University of Wisconsin - Madison (http://www.sage.wisc.edu/atlas/). Resolution is 30 arc minutes. gdd. Growing Degree Days { The Growing Degree Day (GDD) is based on the fact that if temperature is too hot or cold, plant growth will slow. GDD is calculated for a range specific to a particular plant or suite of plants. Taking corn as an example, it grows with a minimum temperature of 10?C and a maximum temperature of 30?C. So if one day the maximum temperature is 21?C and the minimum temperature is 15?C, the average temperature of that day was 18?C. To determine how many GDD were in that day, simply subtract the base temperature from the average temperature (18?C-10?C) remembering that this all happened on one day. Thus for this example, there were 8 GDD accumulated by the corn during that day. Had the base temperature been 5?C, there would have been 13 GDD accumulated. Annual GDD is the average number of GDD accumulated in a particular area under normal climatic conditions. In this dataset, a base temperature of 5?C was used to compute monthly GDD and those monthly values were then totaled to yield an annual number. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=357 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 3975.854 min 0 max 8666 sd 2770.499 gdd.flag. Growing Degree Days { data quality flag--higher numbers are less accurate } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=3 Freq Value 366 0 4 5 1 6 ============================================================ SOURCE: (1) Foley, J.A., I.C. Prentice, N. Ramankutty, S. Levis, D. Pollard, S. Sitch, and A. Haxeltine (1996) An Integrated Biosphere Model of Land Surface Processes, Terrestrial Carbon Balance and Vegetation Dynamics, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 10, 603-628. (2) Kucharik, C.J., J.A. Foley, C. Delire, V.A. Fisher, M.T. Coe, J. Lenters, C. Young-Molling, N. Ramankutty, J.M. Norman, and S.T. Gower (2000): Testing the performance of a dynamic global ecosystem model: Water balance, carbon balance and vegetation structure. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 14(3), 795-825. ----------------------------------------------------------- Grids and variable descriptions are downloaded from the Atlas of the Biosphere, a product of the Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (SAGE), part of the Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies at the University of Wisconsin - Madison (http://www.sage.wisc.edu/atlas/). Resolution is 30 arc minutes. npp. Net Primary Productivity { NPP is calculated by taking the gross primary productivity (the total amount of energy/mass taken in by the plant) and subtracting the plant's respiration (the total amount of energy/mass lost by the plant as it breathes). NPP is measured in units of kg-Carbon per square meter per year, or the net amount of carbon the plants in an average square meter of the gridcell take up during an average year. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=286 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 0.472 min 0 max 1.27 sd 0.316 npp.flag. Net Primary Productivity { data quality flag--higher numbers are less accurate } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value 319 0 2 1 21 5 19 6 5 6.30102999566398 5 999 ============================================================ SOURCE: Willmott, Cort J., and Matsuura Kenji (2001): Terrestrial Water Budget Data Archive: Monthly Time Series (1950-1999). Available: http://climate.geog.udel.edu/~climate/html_pages/README.wb_ts2.html. ----------------------------------------------------------- pevapotrans. Potential evapotranspiration { The amount of water that would be removed from the surface by evaporation and transpiration, if the amount of water already present were not a limiting factor. In other words, the potential evapotranspiration over the Sahara desert is very large because the amount of evaporation that could take place there is huge. However, because there isn't any water there to be evaporated, the evapotranspiration that actually takes place is quite small. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=356 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 73.977 min 0.559 max 153.923 sd 35.621 pevapotrans.flag. Potential evapotranspiration { data quality flag--higher numbers are less accurate } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value 336 0 1 1 24 5 5 6 5 6.30102999566398 ============================================================ SOURCE: Ramankutty, N., and J.A. Foley (1999). Estimating historical changes in land cover: North American croplands from 1850 to 1992. Global Ecology and Biogeography 8, 381-396. ----------------------------------------------------------- Grids and variable descriptions are downloaded from the Atlas of the Biosphere, a product of the Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (SAGE), part of the Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies at the University of Wisconsin - Madison (http://www.sage.wisc.edu/atlas/). Resolution is 30 arc minutes. potentialveg. Potential Vegetation { Potential vegetation is the vegetation that would exist at a given location had human forms of land use never existed. In other words, if humans weren't around, this would be an accurate description of the planet's land cover. } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=14 Freq Value Description 63 1 1 11 2 2 2 3 3 49 4 4 11 5 5 28 6 6 28 8 8 55 9 9 39 10 10 16 11 11 47 12 12 13 13 13 6 14 14 3 15 15 potentialveg.flag. Potential Vegetation { data quality flag--higher numbers are less accurate } Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value 343 0 10 4 2 5 7 6 6 6.30102999566398 3 999 potentialveg.navn. Potential Vegetation { names of categories } Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=14 Freq Value 28 Boreal Evergreen Forest/Woodland 16 Dense Shrubland 6 Desert 39 Grassland/Steppe 28 Mixed Forest 47 Open Shrubland 3 Polar desert/Rock/Ice 55 Savanna 2 Temperate Broadleaf Evergreen Forest/Woodland 11 Temperate Deciduous Forest/Woodland 49 Temperate Needleleaf Evergreen Forest/Woodland 11 Tropical Deciduous Forest/Woodland 63 Tropical Evergreen Forest/Woodland 13 Tundra ============================================================ SOURCE: Willmott, Cort J., and Matsuura Kenji (2001): Terrestrial Water Budget Data Archive: Monthly Time Series (1950-1999). Available: http://climate.geog.udel.edu/~climate/html_pages/README.wb_ts2.html. ----------------------------------------------------------- snowdepth. Snow depth { The average annual snow depth--natural log scale, range is from 10^-20mm (trace) to 10^10mm (greater than a kilometer). } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=174 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 17.646 min 0 max 659.211 sd 55.728 snowdepth.flag. Snow depth { data quality flag--higher numbers are less accurate } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=4 Freq Value 336 0 10 5 5 6 20 999 soilmoisture. Soil Moisture { The average amount of water in the soil } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=355 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 69.664 min 0.1 max 150 sd 43.241 soilmoisture.flag. Soil Moisture { data quality flag--higher numbers are less accurate } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=5 Freq Value 336 0 1 1 24 5 5 6 5 6.30102999566398 ============================================================ SOURCE: Ramankutty, N., Foley, J. A., Norman, J., & McSweeney, K. (2002). The global distribution of cultivable lands: current patterns and sensitivity to possible climate change. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 11(5), 377?392. doi:10.1046/j.1466-822x.2002.00294.x ----------------------------------------------------------- Grids and variable descriptions are downloaded from the Atlas of the Biosphere, a product of the Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (SAGE), part of the Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies at the University of Wisconsin - Madison (http://www.sage.wisc.edu/atlas/). Resolution is 30 arc minutes. suit. Suitability for agriculture { The fraction of each grid cell that is suitable to be used for agriculture. It is based on the temperature and soil conditions of each grid cell. } Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=253 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 0.31 min 0 max 0.997 sd 0.311 suit.flag. Suitability for agriculture Class=numeric; Type=ordinal; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=6 Freq Value 341 0 1 1 6 5 13 6 6 6.30102999566398 4 999 ============================================================ SOURCE: assignment by E. Anthon Eff ----------------------------------------------------------- eaid. Ethnographic Atlas ID number, if society is in the EA Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=371 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 430.563 min 1 max 1267 sd 311.596 lrbid. Binford foragers ID number, if society is in the LRB Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=207; Number of unique values=207 Stat Value nobs 207 mean 190.517 min 1 max 339 sd 89.601 sccsid. Standard Cross Cultural Sample ID number, if society is in the SCCS Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=186; Number of unique values=186 Stat Value nobs 186 mean 93.5 min 1 max 186 sd 53.838 wnaiid. Western North American Indian ID number, if society is in the WNAI Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=105; Number of unique values=105 Stat Value nobs 105 mean 81.105 min 2 max 172 sd 48.416 xcid. XC ID number, if society is in the XC Class=numeric; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=371 Stat Value nobs 371 mean 186 min 1 max 371 sd 107.243 ============================================================ SOURCE: Murdock, G. P. (1981). Atlas of world cultures. University of Pittsburgh Press ----------------------------------------------------------- awc. Atlas of World Cultures ID number { assignments by Doug White } Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=261; Number of unique values=261 First six non-missing records: society awc Tlingit N06c Haida N06a Tsimshian N06e Kwakiutl N06b Bellacoola N07b Nootka N06d ============================================================ SOURCE: Murdock, G. P, and D. R White. 1969. Standard Cross-cultural Sample. Ethnology 8 (4): 329-369. ----------------------------------------------------------- society. Ethnographic Atlas society name Class=character; Type=categorical; Number non-missing=371; Number of unique values=371 First six non-missing records: society society.1 Tlingit Tlingit Haida Haida Tsimshian Tsimshian Haisia Haisia Bellabella Bellabella Kwakiutl Kwakiutl